ISO 18238:2015
(Main)Space systems — Closed loop problem solving management
Space systems — Closed loop problem solving management
ISO 18238:2015 provides basic procedures and requirements of closed loop problem solving against product quality problems including failures, defects, accidents, and other undesirable conditions for organizations. ISO 18238:2015 is intended to improve the closed loop problem solving management which covers the impact mitigation of the problem, root causes identification and problem containment, and lessons learned. ISO 18238:2015 is applicable to problem solving management of all space products, starting from engineering development phase.
Systèmes spatiaux — Gestion de résolution du problème de boucle fermée
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18238
First edition
2015-11-01
Space systems — Closed loop problem
solving management
Systèmes spatiaux — Gestion de résolution du problème de boucle
fermée
Reference number
ISO 18238:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
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ISO 18238:2015(E)
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© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
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ISO 18238:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Basic elements for closed loop problem solving management . 2
4.1 Implemention time . 2
4.2 Implemention plan . 2
4.3 Problems summary . 2
4.4 Review . 2
4.5 Records maintenance . 3
5 Procedures of closed loop problem solving management . 3
6 Implementation of closed loop problem solving . 4
6.1 Problem report . 4
6.2 Start immediate containment actions . 5
6.3 Build the team . 5
6.4 Define problem . 6
6.5 Complete and optimize containment actions . 6
6.6 Identify root causes. 7
6.7 Conduct recurrence experiments . 7
6.8 Define and select root cause corrective actions . 8
6.9 Implement root cause corrective actions . 8
6.10 Implement lessons learning . 9
6.11 Finish “Closed loop problem solving management report” . 9
6.12 Recognize and close the team .11
Annex A (informative) Format of “Closed Loop Problem Solving Management Report” .12
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ISO 18238:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee
SC 14, Space systems and operations.
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ISO 18238:2015(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is useful to promote a method to identify the root causes of problems
including failures, defects, accidents and other undesirable conditions, and to implement corrective
actions and preventive actions.
The intent of this International Standard is to define the best practices dealing with root causes analysis
and problem solving, prevent recurrence of the problem, and achieve quality improvement. It provides
a standard process flow method to identify the root causes and improve the process and achieve quality
improvement. It applies to all space products and organizations, at all levels and phases.
The process described in this International Standard is created by comparing and mixing root cause
analysis and problem solving methodologies used by main actors of aerospace industry around the
world. The process flow chart can be used to find root causes and to solve the problem thoroughly.
This International Standard provides a method for finding the root causes mainly against failures,
defects, and accidents. As for non-conformance, ISO 23461 “Programme Management - Nonconformance
control system” is usually applied.
When necessary, the problem solving process method in this International Standard should also be
used for processing of major non-conformance in ISO 23461.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18238:2015(E)
Space systems — Closed loop problem solving management
1 Scope
This International Standard provides basic procedures and requirements of closed loop problem
solving against product quality problems including failures, defects, accidents, and other undesirable
conditions for organizations.
This International Standard is intended to improve the closed loop problem solving management which
covers the impact mitigation of the problem, root causes identification and problem containment, and
lessons learned.
This International Standard is applicable to problem solving management of all space products, starting
from engineering development phase.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10795, Space systems — Programme management and quality — Vocabulary
ISO 16192, Space systems — Experience gained in space projects (Lessons learned) — Principles and guidelines
ISO 23461, Space systems — Programme management — Non-conformance control system
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10795 and the following apply.
3.1
root cause
original event, action, and/or condition resulting in an actual or potential undesirable condition,
situation, nonconformity or failure
Note 1 to entry: There are often several root causes for one problem.
3.2
root cause analysis
process of identifying all root causes that have or may have resulted in an undesirable condition,
situation, nonconformity or failure
3.3
lessons learning
process of distributing the problem information to the whole project and organization as well as other
related projects and organizations, warning if similar failure modes or mechanism issues exist and
taking preventive actions
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ISO 18238:2015(E)
4 Basic elements for closed loop problem solving management
4.1 Implemention time
The organization shall implement closed loop problem solving management according to this
International Standard when the following problems are detected and the root causes are not obvious.
a) Problems in design which might delay development schedule, create interface design change with
other business units, lower performance index, and result in production rework.
b) Problems in design and production which might result in major economic losses.
c) Problems in production which might occur repeatedly and in batch due to technology causes.
d) Problems in EEE components and raw materials which might occur in batch due to technology causes.
e) Problems in test technology which might result in test failure or product damage.
f) Problems which might occur due to technology causes after the parts, subsystem, or system
were delivered.
g) Problems which might occur due to technology causes in shooting range or launching site.
h) Problems which might occur due to technology causes after the final product had been delivered
for use.
i) Problems which might occur in orbit operation and return of satellite and spacecraft, due to failure
or other technology causes which can affect mission completion.
j) Problems which might affect cost, schedule, or performance and could jeopardize intended system
use.
4.2 Implemention plan
The organization shall prepare an implementation plan for closed loop problem solving with sufficient
resource support and incorporate the plan into the organization’s quality management activities.
4.3 Problems summary
The organization shall summarize and classify problems at the following key decision points. Inspection
and review should be conducted if necessary
a) before transferring to next development phase,
b) before acceptance of components, subsystem, or system,
c) before exfactory of satellites, launch vehicles, and space crafts,
d) before transferring to shooting range or launching site,
e) before launching,
f) cefore the delivery of satellites and space crafts on orbit, and
g) after the return of satellites and space crafts.
4.4 Review
At the end of closed loop problem solving, the organization shall review whether corrective actions are
appropriate and effective.
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ISO 18238:2015(E)
4.5 Records maintenance
The organization shall maintain all records.
5 Procedures of closed loop problem solving management
The organization should use closed loop management of problems in the development phase and the
production phase of contractually specified products. In order to ensure that the problem is solved
and will not happen again, the organization shall locate the problem accurately, define root causes by
theoretical analysis or experiments, conduct problem recurrence experiments when necessary, take
corrective actions against the root causes, and implement lessons learning in the whole organization
and project. Figure 1 gives the procedures of closed loop problem solving management.
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ISO 18238:2015(E)
Figure 1 — Procedures of closed loop problem solving management
6 Implementation of closed loop problem solving
6.1 Problem report
a) The objective is to let related people informed about the problem timely.
b) When a problem is detected, the organization shall protect the scene, make records, and report
timely without compromising safety and security.
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ISO 18238:2015(E)
c) Contents of the report include: product information; problem phenomena; test condition; working
hours and environment; problem observer, etc.
Non-conformances of deliverable products and supplies shall be reported and disposed in accordance
with ISO 23461. The relation between the problem report and the nonconforming report provided in
ISO 23461 should be shown when it is done according to this International Standard.
6.2 Start immediate containment actions
a) The objective is to mitigate the impact of the problem, protect the customer operations and the
organization, and ensure that problem does not deteriorate before identification of root causes.
b) The organization shall implement immediate containment actions when the problem detected is
having an impact now on the customer or the organization, especially if no action is taken, the
problem will deteriorate.
c) Immediate containment actions shall be implemented according to the following steps:
1) identify, isolate of defectives and perform immediate correction;
2) identify apparent cause and perform immediate corrective action to eliminate, prevent, or reduce
the probability of any additional non-conformances from happening again in the short-term;
3) typical immediate containment actions include
— immediate stop of the working process, including deliveries, recall product if necessary,
— increase inspection, and
— conduct inventory checks and isolation of defectives.;
4) identify immediate potential risk for defectives not detected;
5) determine appare
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