ISO 32110:2023
(Main)Transaction assurance in E-commerce — Vocabulary
Transaction assurance in E-commerce — Vocabulary
This document provides terms and definitions in the field of transaction assurance in e-commerce.
Assurance des transactions de commerce électronique — Vocabulaire
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 32110
First edition
2023-09
Transaction assurance in
E-commerce — Vocabulary
Assurance des transactions de commerce électronique — Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 32110:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 32110:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 32110:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General . 1
3.2 E-commerce transaction — Participants . 2
3.3 E-commerce transaction — Product related . 4
3.4 E-commerce transaction — Pre-transaction . 5
3.5 E-commerce transaction — In-transaction . 6
3.6 E-commerce transaction — Post-transaction . 7
Bibliography . 9
Index .10
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 32110:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 321, Transaction assurance in E-commerce.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 32110:2023(E)
Introduction
Uniform terms and accurate definitions are the basis of standardization activities. This document
provides a common understanding of e-commerce transaction assurance concepts. Additionally, it
supports the expanding e-commerce industry, especially cross-border e-commerce activities.
The terms and definitions in this document focus on:
— terms essential to transaction assurance in e-commerce;
— significant and potentially ambiguous terms in e-commerce transactions;
— terms already defined within relevant international standards while not entirely applicable to
e-commerce, with necessary modifications to adapt them to the industry.
This document is particularly useful for e-commerce stakeholders and practitioners, such as
e-commerce regulatory agencies, e-commerce platform operators, sellers, buyers, service providers,
regardless of B2B, B2C, C2C or C2M. It can also be used by interested parties, such as researchers,
others interested in the e-commerce profession and developers of other standards in relevant sectors.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 32110:2023(E)
Transaction assurance in E-commerce — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document provides terms and definitions in the field of transaction assurance in e-commerce.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at www .electropedia .org
3.1 General
3.1.1
e-commerce
electronic commerce
eCommerce
activity of buying and selling products (3.3.4) over open networks
Note 1 to entry: E-commerce includes different modes, e.g. B2B (3.1.3), B2C (3.1.4), C2C (3.1.5), C2M (3.1.6).
[SOURCE: ISO 9564-4:2016, 3.4, modified — “activity of” has been added to the definition, “or services”
has been deleted. Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.1.2
cross-border e-commerce
e-commerce (3.1.1) across borders
Note 1 to entry: Cross border means from one customs territory to another.
3.1.3
B2B e-commerce transaction
business-to-business electronic commerce transaction
set of interactions between businesses (3.2.1) for the provision of a product (3.3.4) over open networks,
such as between a manufacturer (3.2.9) and a wholesaler, or between a wholesaler and a retailer
3.1.4
B2C e-commerce transaction
business-to-consumer electronic commerce transaction
set of interactions between a businesses (3.2.1) and a consumer (3.2.4) for the provision of a product
(3.3.4) over open networks
[SOURCE: ISO 10008:2022, 3.1, modified — “an organization” has been replaced by “businesses”, and
“products and services, facilitated online” has been replaced by “a product over open networks”.]
1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 32110:2023(E)
3.1.5
C2C e-commerce transaction
consumer-to-consumer electronic commerce transaction
set of interactions between a consumer (3.2.4) and another consumer (3.2.4) for the provision of a
product (3.3.4) over open networks
3.1.6
C2M e-commerce transaction
consumer-to-manufacturer electronic commerce transaction
set of interactions between a consumer (3.2.4) and a manufacturer (3.2.9) for the provision of goods
(3.3.3) over open networks
Note 1 to entry: In a C2M e-commerce transaction, a product (3.3.4) is commonly designed and provided according
to the specific requirements of a consumer (3.2.4).
3.1.7
e-commerce platform
e-marketplace
network information system that provides one or more services (3.3.7) to interested parties to facilitate
e-commerce (3.1.1) transactions
Note 1 to entry: Service (3.3.7) can consist of information releasing, information delivery, data processing and
transaction information matching.
Note 2 to entry: Platform means application interface to provide e-commerce (3.1.1) transactions in forms of
websites and mobile applications.
3.1.8
e-shop
e-store
business (3.2.1) place for the provision of products (3.3.4) through an e-commerce platform (3.1.7)
3.2 E-commerce transaction — Participants
3.2.1
business
organization (3.2.10) that produces or sells goods (3.3.3) or services (3.3.7) in order to make a profit
3.2.2
buyer
individual or organization (3.2.10) to whom or to which goods (3.3.3) or services (3.3.7) are sold
Note 1 to entry: In e-commerce (3.1.1) transaction, a buyer can be a consumer (3.2.4) or a reseller (3.2.11).
3.2.3
collection agent for goods
individual or organization (3.2.10) authorized to act for or on behalf of a buyer (3.2.2) or consignee in
respect of service (3.3.7) concerning the receipt of goods (3.3.3)
3.2.4
consumer
party that is an individual to whom consumer protection requirements are applied as a set of external
constraints on a business (3.2.1) transaction
Note 1 to entry: Consumer protection is a set of explicitly defined rights and obligations applicable as external
constraints on a business (3.2.1) transaction.
Note 2 to entry: The assumption is that a consumer protection applies only where a buyer (3.2.2) in a business
(3.2.1) transaction is an individual. If this is not the case in a particular jurisdictional domain, such external
constraints should be specified as part of scenario components as applicable.
2
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 32110:2023(E)
Note 3 to entry: It is recognized that external constraints on a buyer (3.2.2) of the nature of consumer protection
may be peculiar to a specified jurisdictional domain.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 15944-12:2020, 3.24, modified — “buyer who” has been replaced by “party that”.]
3.2.5
customer
individual or organization (3.2.10) to whom or to which either goods (3.3.3) or services (3.3.7), or both,
are supplied
Note 1 to entry: In e-commerce (3.1.1) transaction, a customer is a buyer (3.2.2).
3.2.6
e-commerce operator
individual or organization (3.2.10) engaged in e-commerce (3.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: E-commerce operator can be an e-commerce platform operator (3.2.7) or a seller (3.2.13).
3.2.7
e-commerce platform operator
organization (3.2.10) that operates an e-commerce platform (3.1.7)
3.2.8
logistic service provider
party providing logistic services (3.3.7) such as warehousing, repacking goods (3.3.3), distribution, and
assembly
EXAMPLE Third-party logistic provider, container freight station.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 17187:2019, 3.20, modified — “products” has been replaced by “goods”.]
3.2.9
manufacturer
individual or organization (3.2.10) that produces goods (3.3.3) for sale
Note 1 to entry: A manufacturer can also be a supplier (3.2.14) of goods (3.3.3).
3.2.10
organization
organized structure set up for a particular purpose, such as a business (3.2.1), government body,
department, charity, or financial institution
3.2.11
reseller
individual or organization (3.2.10) that purchases goods (3.3.3) or services (3.3.7) with an intention of
selling them to another customer (3.2.5) and possibly supporting them, rather than consuming or using
them
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, 3.3454, modified — Added “individual or” and “rather than
consuming or using them”.]
3.2.12
rights holder
physical person or legal entity, either holding or authorized to use, one or more intellectual property
rights
[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.214, modified — “physical person or” has been added.]
3
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 32110:2023(E)
3.2.13
seller
individual or organization (3.2.10) that sells products (3.3.4) over open networks
Note 1 to entry: A seller can be a manufacturer (3.2.9) or a retailer. When trading large volumes of goods (3.3.3)
for profit or business (3.2.1), a seller can be a merchant.
Note 2 to entry: The definition of seller includes both for-profit and non-profit.
3.2.14
supplier
individual or organization (3.2.10) that provides goods (3.3.3) or services (3.3.7)
EXAMPLE E-commerce platform operator (3.2.7), manufacturer (3.2.9), vendor, distributor, seller (3.2.13),
logistic service provider (3.2.8), third-party software service provider (3.2.16), third-party payment service provider
(3.2.15).
Note
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.