ISO 8124-3:2020

Safety of toys - Part 3: Migration of certain elements

1.1 This document specifies maximum acceptable levels and methods of sampling, extraction and determination for the migration of the elements antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium from toy materials and from parts of toys. 1.2 Maximum acceptable levels are specified for the migration of the elements listed in 1.1 from the following toy materials: - coatings of paints, varnishes, lacquers, printing inks, polymers and similar coatings (see 9.1); - polymeric and similar material, including laminates, whether textile-reinforced or not, but excluding other textiles and non-woven textiles (see 9.2); - paper and paperboard (see 9.3); - natural, artificial or synthetic textiles (see 9.4); - glass/ceramic/metallic materials, excepting lead solder when used for electrical connections (see 9.5); - other materials, whether mass-coloured or not (e.g. wood, fibreboard, hardboard, bone and leather) (see 9.6); - materials intended to leave a trace (e.g. the graphite materials in pencils and liquid ink in pens) (see 9.7); - pliable modelling materials, including modelling clays and gels (see 9.8); - paints to be used as such in the toy, including finger paints, varnishes, lacquers, glazing powders and similar material in solid or liquid form (see 9.9). 1.3 The requirements in this document apply to the following toys and toy components of toys and toy materials (see D.2.1): - all intended food and oral contact toys, cosmetic toys and writing instruments categorized as toys, irrespective of any age grading or recommended age labelling; - all toys intended for or suitable for children under 72 months of age; - accessible coatings, irrespective of any age grading or recommended age labelling; - accessible liquids, pastes and gels (e.g. liquid paints, modelling compounds), irrespective of any age grading or recommended age labelling. 1.4 Packaging materials are not included, unless they are intended to be kept, for example boxes and containers, or unless they form part of the toy or have intended play value (see D.2.2). NOTE No requirements are given for toys and parts of toys which, due to their accessibility, function, mass, size or other characteristics, are obviously unlikely to be sucked, licked or swallowed, bearing in mind the normal and foreseeable behaviour of children (e.g. the coating on the crossbeam of a swing set, the tyres of a toy bicycle).

Sécurité des jouets — Partie 3: Migration de certains éléments

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 15-Mar-2020
• ICS: 97.200.50 - Toys
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 181 - Safety of toys
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 181/WG 8 - Migration of certain elements
• Current Stage: 9060 - Close of review
• Completion Date: 02-Sep-2030

Relations

• Amended By: ISO 8124-3:2020/Amd 1:2023 - Safety of toys - Part 3: Migration of certain elements - Amendment 1: Limits for boron and other elements in slime, and barium in modelling clay
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Revises: ISO 8124-3:2010/Amd 2:2018 - Safety of toys - Part 3: Migration of certain elements - Amendment 2
• Effective Date: 08-Jul-2017
• Revises: ISO 8124-3:2010/Amd 1:2014 - Safety of toys - Part 3: Migration of certain elements - Amendment 1
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2016
• Revises: ISO 8124-3:2010 - Safety of toys - Part 3: Migration of certain elements
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2016

Overview

ISO 8124-3:2020 - "Safety of toys - Part 3: Migration of certain elements" specifies maximum acceptable migration levels and laboratory methods for sampling, extraction and determination of eight toxic elements (antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium) from toy materials and toy parts. The standard is focused on reducing children's chemical exposure by controlling element migration from coatings, polymers, papers, textiles, glass/ceramics/metals, modelling compounds, writing inks, paints and other toy materials.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Elements covered: antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium.
• Scope of materials: coatings, polymeric materials (including laminates), paper/paperboard, textiles, glass/ceramic/metallic materials (excluding lead solder used for electrical connections), wood/leather/other materials, materials intended to leave a trace (pencil graphite, inks), pliable modelling materials, and paints/finger-paints.
• Applicability: all food/oral contact toys, cosmetic toys, writing instruments categorized as toys, all toys intended for or suitable for children under 72 months, and accessible coatings/liquids/pastes/gels. Packaging is excluded unless intended to be kept or part of the toy.
• Laboratory procedures: detailed instructions for selection of test portions, material-specific preparation and extraction procedures (see clauses 9.1–9.9), dewaxing options for greasy samples, elemental analysis methods and calculation of results.
• Analysis and reporting: methods include atomic spectrometry techniques (Annex C informative - ICP-OES referenced), definition of method detection limits (MDL), interpretation of results and required test report content.
• Toxicity basis: the standard’s limits derive from bioavailability/day values (e.g., lead 0.7 µg/day, cadmium 0.6 µg/day, mercury 0.5 µg/day) and an assumed 8 mg/day toy-material ingestion scenario used to convert to migration limits.

Practical applications and users

ISO 8124-3 is used by:

• Toy manufacturers to design compliant materials and formulations and to validate suppliers.
• Testing laboratories for accredited chemical migration testing and reporting.
• Regulators and conformity assessors enforcing toy safety legislation and market surveillance.
• Importers, retailers and procurement teams to verify chemical safety before market entry.
• R&D and quality assurance teams to screen raw materials and finished articles for restricted-element migration.

Practical benefits include ensuring compliance with chemical migration requirements, reducing toxic exposure risk for children, and providing harmonized test methods for consistent market surveillance and product certification.

Related standards

• ISO 8124-1 (mechanical/physical properties)
• ISO 8124-6 (certain phthalates)
• ISO 3696 (water for analytical laboratory use)

Keywords: ISO 8124-3, toy safety, migration of elements, toy testing, lead cadmium mercury, ICP-OES, sampling and extraction, chemical migration limits.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8124-3
Third edition
2020-03
Safety of toys —
Part 3:
Migration of certain elements
Sécurité des jouets —
Partie 3: Migration de certains éléments
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Maximum acceptable levels . 3
4.1 Specific requirements . 3
4.2 Interpretation of results . 4
5 Principle . 4
6 Reagents . 4
7 Apparatus . 5
8 Selection of test portions . 5
9 Preparation and extraction of test portions . 6
9.1 Coatings of paint, varnish, lacquer, printing ink, polymer and similar coatings . 6
9.1.1 Test portion preparation . 6
9.1.2 Extraction procedure . 6
9.2 Polymeric and similar material, including laminates, whether textile-reinforced or
not, but excluding other textiles . 7
9.2.1 Test portion preparation . 7
9.2.2 Extraction procedure . 7
9.3 Paper and paperboard . 7
9.3.1 Test portion preparation . 7
9.3.2 Extraction procedure . 7
9.4 Natural, artificial or synthetic textiles . 8
9.4.1 Test portion preparation . 8
9.4.2 Extraction procedure . 8
9.5 Glass/ceramic/metallic materials . 8
9.5.1 Test portion preparation . 8
9.5.2 Extraction procedure . 8
9.6 Other materials, whether mass-coloured or not (e.g. wood, fibreboard, bone and leather) 9
9.6.1 Test portion preparation . 9
9.6.2 Extraction procedures . 9
9.7 Materials intended to leave a trace . 9
9.7.1 Test portion preparation for materials in solid form . 9
9.7.2 Test portion preparation for materials in liquid form .10
9.7.3 Extraction procedure for samples not containing grease, oil, wax or
similar material .10
9.7.4 Extraction procedure for samples containing grease, oil, wax or similar
material .10
9.8 Pliable modelling materials, including modelling clays and gels .11
9.8.1 Test portion preparation .11
9.8.2 Extraction procedure for samples not containing grease, oil, wax or
similar material .11
9.8.3 Extraction procedure for samples containing grease, oil, wax or similar
material .12
9.9 Paints, including finger paints, varnishes, lacquers, glazing powders and similar
material in solid or liquid form .12
9.9.1 Test portion preparation for materials in solid form .12
9.9.2 Test portion preparation for materials in liquid form .12
9.9.3 Extraction procedure for samples not containing grease, oil, wax or
similar material .13
9.9.4 Extraction procedure for samples containing grease, oil, wax or similar
material .13
10 Elemental analysis .13
10.1 Methods of analysis .13
10.2 Method detection limit (MDL) .13
10.3 Calculation of results .14
11 Test report .14
Annex A (normative) Sieve requirements .15
Annex B (informative) Selection of procedure .16
Annex C (informative) Methods for analysis of elements .17
Annex D (informative) Background and rationale .23
Bibliography .29
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 181, Safety of toys.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8124-3:2010), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Amendments ISO 8124-3:2010/Amd.1:2014 and ISO 8124-3:2010/
Amd.2:2018. The main changes to the previous edition are as follows:
— two detailed dewaxing methods have been introduced to replace the original one;
— an ICP-OES method for determination of the elements is given in Annex C as informative content.
A list of all parts in the ISO 8124 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
Introduction
The requirements of this document are based on the bioavailability of certain elements resulting from
the use of toys, which should not, as an objective, exceed the following levels per day:
— 0,2 µg for antimony;
— 0,1 µg for arsenic;
— 25,0 µg for barium;
— 0,6 µg for cadmium;
— 0,3 µg for chromium;
— 0,7 µg for lead;
— 0,5 µg for mercury;
— 5,0 µg for selenium.
For the interpretation of these values, it has been necessary to identify an upper limit for the ingestion
of toy material. Very limited data have been available for identifying this upper limit. As a working
hypothesis, a summed average daily intake of the various toy materials has been gauged at the currently
accepted value of 8 mg/d, in the knowledge that in certain individual cases these values might be
exceeded.
By combining the daily intake with the bioavailability values listed above, limits have been obtained
for various toxic elements in micrograms per gram of toy material (milligrams per kilogram) and are
detailed in Table 1. The values obtained have been adjusted to minimize children's exposure to toxic
elements in toys and to ensure analytical feasibility, taking into account limits achievable under current
manufacturing conditions (see Annex D).
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8124-3:2020(E)
Safety of toys —
Part 3:
Migration of certain elements
WARNING — Persons applying this document should be familiar with laboratory practice for
chemical analysis. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and
health practices.
IMPORTANT — It is essential that the laboratory ensures that personnel have the competence to
perform laboratory activities for which they are responsible.
1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies maximum acceptable levels and methods of sampling, extraction and
determination for the migration of the elements antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead,
mercury and selenium from toy materials and from parts of toys.
1.2 Maximum acceptable levels are specified for the migration of the elements listed in 1.1 from the
following toy materials:
— coatings of paints, varnishes, lacquers, printing inks, polymers and similar coatings (see 9.1);
— polymeric and similar material, including laminates, whether textile-reinforced or not, but excluding
other textiles and non-woven textiles (see 9.2);
— paper and paperboard (see 9.3);
— natural, artificial or synthetic textiles (see 9.4);
— glass/ceramic/metallic materials, excepting lead solder when used for electrical connections
(see 9.5);
— other materials, whether mass-coloured or not (e.g. wood, fibreboard, hardboard, bone and leather)
(see 9.6);
— materials intended to leave a trace (e.g. the graphite materials in pencils and liquid ink in pens)
(see 9.7);
— pliable modelling materials, including modelling clays and gels (see 9.8);
— paints to be used as such in the toy, including finger paints, varnishes, lacquers, glazing powders and
similar material in solid or liquid form (see 9.9).
1.3 The requirements in this document apply to the following toys and toy components of toys and toy
materials (see D.2.1):
— all intended food and oral contact toys, cosmetic toys and writing instruments categorized as toys,
irrespective of any age grading or recommended age labelling;
— all toys intended for or suitable for children under 72 months of age;
— accessible coatings, irrespective of any age grading or recommended age labelling;
— accessible liquids, pastes and gels (e.g. liquid paints, modelling compounds), irrespective of any age
grading or recommended age labelling.
1.4 Packaging materials are not included, unless they are intended to be kept, for example boxes and
containers, or unless they form part of the toy or have intended play value (see D.2.2).
NOTE No requirements are given for toys and parts of toys which, due to their accessibility, function, mass,
size or other characteristics, are obviously unlikely to be sucked, licked or swallowed, bearing in mind the normal
and foreseeable behaviour of children (e.g. the coating on the crossbeam of a swing set, the tyres of a toy bicycle).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 8124-1:2018, Safety of toys — Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
ISO 8124-6:2018, Safety of toys — Part 6: Certain phthalate esters in toys and children's products
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
base material
material upon which coatings (3.2) may be formed or deposited
3.2
coating
layers of material formed or deposited on the base material (3.1) of a toy, including paints, varnishes,
lacquers, inks, polymers or other substances of a similar nature, whether they contain metallic particles
or not, no matter how they have been applied to the toy, and which can be removed by scraping (3.7)
with a sharp blade
3.3
method detection limit
MDL
three times the standard deviation of the result obtained in the method blank by the laboratory
carrying out the analysis
3.4
mass-coloured material
material which has absorbed colouring matter without formation of a coating (3.2)
EXAMPLE Wood, fibreboard, hardboard, leather, bone and other porous substances.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

3.5
paper
sheet formed by irregularly intervened cellulose fibres with a mass per unit area of 400 g/m or less
Note 1 to entry: If paper with polymeric lamination, or other treatments which may be resistant to wetting, no
longer presents the same properties as paper, then it is not treated as such.
[SOURCE: ISO 8124-1:2018, 3.46]
3.6
paperboard
sheet formed by irregularly intervened cellulose fibres with a mass per unit area over 400 g/m ,
excluding pressed wooden fibreboards such as medium density fibreboard (MDF), chipboard and
materials with similar properties
Note 1 to entry: The term paperboard also includes materials commonly referred to as card or cardboard with a
mass per unit area over 400 g/m .
Note 2 to entry: If paperboard with polymeric lamination, or other treatments which may be resistant to wetting,
no longer present the same properties as paper, then they are not treated as such.
[SOURCE: ISO 8124-1:2018, 3.85]
3.7
scraping
mechanical process for removal of coatings (3.2) down to the base material (3.1)
3.8
toy material
accessible material present in a toy
3.9
method blank
aliquot of extraction solvent that is treated exactly as a sample including exposure to glassware,
apparatus and conditions used for a particular test, but with no added sample
3.10
calibration blank
solution containing no analyte that is used to verify blank value
EXAMPLE 0,07 ± 0,005 mol/l hydrochloric acid solution (6.1).
3.11
instrument detection limit
IDL
three times the standard deviation of the result obtained by analysing calibration blank
3.12
calibration check solution
solution of known composition within the range of the calibration solutions, but prepared independently
4 Maximum acceptable levels
4.1 Specific requirements
See D.3.
Toys and parts of toys, as specified in Clause 1, are deemed to meet the requirements of this document
when the adjusted value of migration of elements from them conform with the maximum limits given in
Table 1 when tested in accordance with Clauses 8, 9 and 10.
4.2 Interpretation of results
See D.4.
Due to the precision of the methods specified in this document, an adjusted analytical result is required
to take into consideration the results of interlaboratory trials. The analytical results obtained in
accordance with Clauses 8, 9 and 10 shall be adjusted by subtracting the analytical correction in Table 2
to obtain an adjusted analytical result.
Materials are deemed to conform with the requirements of this document if the adjusted analytical
result for the migrated element is less than or equal to the value given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Maximum acceptable element migration from toy materials
Values in milligrams per kilogram of toy material
Element
Toy material
Sb As Ba Cd Cr Pb Hg Se
Any toy material given in Clause 1, except
60 25 1 000 75 60 90 60 500
modelling clay and finger paint
Modelling clay 60 25 250 50 25 90 25 500
Finger paint 10 10 350 15 25 25 10 50
Table 2 — Analytical correction
Element Sb As Ba Cd Cr Pb Hg Se
Analytical correction (%) 60 60 30 30 30 30 50 60
EXAMPLE An analytical result for lead of 120 mg/kg was obtained. The necessary analytical correction
taken from Table 2 is 30 %. Therefore, the adjusted analytical result is as shown in Formula (1).
120×30
120− =−120 36 (1)
= 84 mg/kg.
This is deemed to be conforming with the requirements of this document (maximum acceptable
migration of lead as given in Table 1 is 90 mg/kg).
5 Principle
Soluble elements are extracted from toy materials under conditions that simulate the material
remaining in contact with stomach acid for a period of time after swallowing. The concentrations of the
soluble elements are then determined quantitatively by inductively coupled plasma optical emission
spectrometry (ICP-OES) or other specified analytical methods with specified MDL.
6 Reagents
NOTE No recommendation is made for the reagents and materials necessary for carrying out elemental
analyses within the MDL specified in 10.2.
During the analyses, use only reagents of recognized analytical grade.
6.1 Hydrochloric acid solution, c(HCl) = (0,07 ± 0,005) mol/l.
6.2 Hydrochloric acid solution, c(HCl) = (0,14 ± 0,010) mol/l.
4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

6.3 Hydrochloric acid solution, c(HCl) = approximately 1 mol/l.
6.4 Hydrochloric acid solution, c(HCl) = approximately 2 mol/l.
6.5 Hydrochloric acid solution, c(HCl) = approximately 6 mol/l.
6.6 General purpose reagent n-heptane, (C H ), 99 %.
7 16
6.7 Water of at least grade 3 purity, in accordance with ISO 3696.
7 Apparatus
NOTE No recommendation is made for the apparatus necessary for carrying out elemental analyses within
the MDL specified in 10.2.
See D.5.
Normal laboratory apparatus and the following:
7.1 Plain-weave wire-cloth stainless steel metal sieve, of nominal aperture 0,5 mm and tolerances
as indicated in Annex A, Table A.1.
7.2 Means of measuring pH to proper accuracy without cross-contamination
The accuracy of pH measurement shall be cautiously considered to make sure the pH value of the
mixture is in the range 1,0–1,5 (as specified in Clause 9). For example, when a pH measurement with
an accuracy of ± 0,2 pH units is used, the range shall be changed to 1,2–1,3 after considering the
uncertainty.
See D.5.1.
7.3 Membrane filter, of pore size 0,45 µm.
1)
7.4 Centrifuge, capable of centrifuging at (5 000 ± 500) g .
See D.5.2.
7.5 Means of agitating the mixture, at a temperature of (37 ± 2) °C.
7.6 Series of containers, of gross volume between 1,6 × and 5,0 × that of the volume of hydrochloric
acid extractant.
See D.5.3.
7.7 Soxhlet extractor, according to ISO 8124-6:2018, Figure C.1.
7.8 Solvent extractor, according to ISO 8124-6:2018, Figure C.2.
7.9 High retention filter paper, for example quantitative slow flow rate filter paper.
8 Selection of test portions
See D.6.
1) 1 g = 9,806 65 m/s .
A laboratory sample for testing shall consist of a toy either in the form in which it is marketed or in
the form in which it is intended to be marketed. Test portions shall be taken from the accessible parts
(see ISO 8124-1) of a single toy sample. Identical materials in the toy may be combined and treated as
a single test portion, but additional toy samples shall not be used. Test portions may be composed of
more than one material or colour only if physical separation, such as dot printing, patterned textiles or
mass limitation reasons, precludes the formation of discrete specimens.
NOTE The requirement does not preclude the taking of test portions from materials used to manufacture
the toy, provided they are representative of the final toy.
Test portions of less than 10 mg of material shall not be tested.
9 Preparation and extraction of test portions
NOTE A guideline for the choice of procedure to be used for the various toy materials is provided in Annex B.
9.1 Coatings of paint, varnish, lacquer, printing ink, polymer and similar coatings
9.1.1 Test portion preparation
Remove the coating from the laboratory sample by scraping (see 3.7) at room temperature and
comminute it at a temperature not exceeding ambient. Collect enough coating to obtain a test portion of
preferably not less than 100 mg which will pass through a metal sieve of aperture 0,5 mm (7.1).
If only between 10 mg and 100 mg of comminuted uniform coating is available, extract this in accordance
with 9.1.2 and calculate the quantity of the appropriate elements as if a test portion of 100 mg had been
used. Report the mass of the test portion in accordance with Clause 11 e).
In the case of coatings that by their nature cannot be comminuted (e.g. elastic/plastic paint), remove a
test portion of coating from the laboratory sample without comminuting.
9.1.2 Extraction procedure
Using a container of appropriate size (7.6), mix the test portion prepared in 9.1.1 with 50 × its mass of
an aqueous HCl solution at (37 ± 2) °C of c(HCl) 0,07 mol/l (6.1). [Where the test portion has only a mass
of between 10 mg and 100 mg, mix the test portion with 5,0 ml of this solution (6.1) at (37 ± 2) °C.]
Shake for 1 min. Check the acidity of the mixture (7.2). If the pH is greater than 1,5, add dropwise,
while shaking the mixture, an aqueous solution of c(HCl) approximately 2 mol/l (6.4) until the pH of the
mixture is between 1,0 and 1,5.
Protect the mixture from light. Agitate the mixture continuously at (37 ± 2) °C (7.5) for 1 h and then
allow to stand for 1 h at (37 ± 2) °C.
Without delay, efficiently separate the solids from the solution, firstly by filtration using a membrane
filter (7.3) and, if necessary, by centrifuging at up to 5 000 g (7.4). Carry out the separation as rapidly
as possible after completion of the standing time. If centrifuging is used, it shall take no longer than
10 min and shall be reported in accordance with Clause 11 e).
If the resulting solutions are to be stored for more than one working day prior to elemental analysis,
stabilize them by adding hydrochloric acid so that the concentration of the stored solution is
approximately c(HCl) = 1 mol/l (6.3). Report such stabilization in accordance with Clause 11 e).
6 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

9.2 Polymeric and similar material, including laminates, whether textile-reinforced or
not, but excluding other textiles
9.2.1 Test portion preparation
Obtain a test portion of preferably not less than 100 mg of the polymeric or similar material, while
avoiding heating of the materials, according to the following procedure.
Cut out test portions from those areas having the thinnest material cross-section in order to ensure a
surface area of the test pieces as large as possible in proportion to their mass. Each piece shall, in the
uncompressed condition, have no dimension greater than 6 mm.
If the laboratory sample is not of a uniform material, obtain a test portion from each different material
present in a mass of 10 mg or more. Where there is only between 10 mg and 100 mg of uniform material,
report the mass of the test portion in accordance with Clause 11 e) and calculate the quantity of the
appropriate elements as if a test portion of 100 mg had been used.
9.2.2 Extraction procedure
Follow the extraction procedure in 9.1.2 using the test portions prepared in accordance with 9.2.1.
9.3 Paper and paperboard
9.3.1 Test portion preparation
See D.7.
Obtain a test portion of preferably not less than 100 mg of the paper or paperboard.
If the laboratory sample is not of a uniform material, where possible, obtain a test portion from each
different material present in a mass of not less than 100 mg. Where there is only between 10 mg and
100 mg of uniform material, report the mass of the test portion in accordance with Clause 11 e) and
calculate the quantity of the appropriate elements as if a test portion of 100 mg had been used.
If the paper or paperboard to be tested is coated with paint, varnish, lacquer, printing ink, adhesive
or similar coating, test portions of the coating shall not be taken separately. In such cases, take test
portions from the material so that they also include representative parts of the coated area and report
this in accordance with Clause 11 e). Extract test portions obtained in accordance with 9.3.2.
9.3.2 Extraction procedure
Macerate the test portion prepared in 9.3.1 with 25 × its mass of water (6.7) at (37 ± 2) °C so that
the resulting mixture is homogeneous. Quantitatively transfer the mixture to the appropriate-sized
container (7.6). Add to the mixture a mass of aqueous solution of c(HCl) = 0,14 mol/l (6.2) at (37 ± 2) °C
which has 25 × the mass of the test portion.
Shake for 1 min. Check the acidity of the mixture (7.2). If the pH is greater than 1,5, add dropwise,
while shaking the mixture, an aqueous solution of c(HCl) approximately 2 mol/l (6.4) until the pH of the
mixture is between 1,0 and 1,5.
Protect the mixture from light. Agitate the mixture continuously at (37 ± 2) °C (7.5) for 1 h and then
allow to stand for 1 h at (37 ± 2) °C.
Without delay, efficiently separate the solids from the solution, firstly by filtration using a membrane
filter (7.3) and, if necessary, by centrifuging at up to 5 000 g (7.4). Carry out the separation as rapidly
as possible after completion of the standing time. If centrifuging is used, it shall take no longer than
10 min and shall be reported in accordance with Clause 11 e).
If the resulting solutions are to be stored for more than one working day prior to elemental analysis,
stabilize them by adding hydrochloric acid so that the concentration of the stored solution is
approximately c(HCl) = 1 mol/l. Report such stabilization in accordance with Clause 11 e).
9.4 Natural, artificial or synthetic textiles
9.4.1 Test portion preparation
See D.8.
Obtain a test portion of preferably not less than 100 mg by cutting the textile material into pieces that
in the uncompressed condition have no dimension greater than 6 mm.
If the sample is not of a uniform material or colour, where possible, obtain a test portion from each
different material or colour present in a mass greater than 100 mg. Materials or colours present in
amounts between 10 mg and 100 mg shall form part of the test portion obtained from the main material.
Samples taken from patterned textiles shall be representative of the whole material.
9.4.2 Extraction procedure
Follow the extraction procedure in 9.1.2 using the test portions prepared in accordance with 9.4.1.
9.5 Glass/ceramic/metallic materials
9.5.1 Test portion preparation
See D.9.
Toys and toy components shall first be subjected to the small parts test in accordance with ISO 8124-1.
If the toy or component fits entirely within the small parts cylinder and contains accessible glass,
ceramic or metallic materials (excepting lead solder when used for electrical connections), then the toy
or component shall be extracted in accordance with 9.5.2 after removal of any coating in accordance
with 9.1.1.
NOTE Toys and toy components that have no accessible glass, ceramic or metallic materials do not require
extraction in accordance with 9.5.2.
9.5.2 Extraction procedure
Place the weighed toy or toy component in a 50 ml glass cylinder with a nominal height of 60 mm and
diameter of 40 mm.
NOTE This type of container will take all components/toys that fit inside the small parts cylinder defined in
ISO 8124-1.
Add a sufficient measured volume of an aqueous solution of c(HCl) = 0,07 mol/l (6.1) at (37 ± 2) °C to just
cover the toy or component. Cover the container, protect the contents from light and allow the contents
to stand for 2 h at (37 ± 2) °C.
Without delay, efficiently separate the solids from the solution, firstly by decantation followed by
filtration using a membrane filter (7.3) and, if necessary, by centrifuging at up to 5 000 g (7.4). Carry
out the separation as rapidly as possible after completion of the standing time. If centrifuging is used, it
shall take no longer than 10 min and shall be reported in accordance with Clause 11 e).
If the resulting solutions are to be stored for more than one working day prior to elemental analysis,
stabilize them by adding hydrochloric acid so that the concentration of the stored solution is
approximately c(HCl) = 1 mol/l (6.3). Report such stabilization in accordance with Clause 11 e).
8 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

9.6 Other materials, whether mass-coloured or not (e.g. wood, fibreboard, bone and
leather)
9.6.1 Test portion preparation
See D.10.
Obtain a test portion of preferably not less than 100 mg of the material in accordance with 9.2.1, 9.3.1,
9.4.1 or 9.5.1, as appropriate.
If the laboratory sample is not of uniform material, a test portion shall be obtained from each different
material present in a mass of 10 mg or more. Where there is only between 10 mg and 100 mg of uniform
material, report the mass of the test portion in accordance with Clause 11 e) and calculate the quantity
of the appropriate elements as if a test portion of 100 mg had been used.
If the material to be tested is coated with paint, varnish, lacquer, printing ink or a similar coating, follow
the procedure in 9.1.1.
9.6.2 Extraction procedures
Extract the materials in accordance with 9.1.2, 9.3.2 or 9.5.2, as appropriate. Report the method used in
accordance with Clause 11 e).
9.7 Materials intended to leave a trace
9.7.1 Test portion preparation for materials in solid form
9.7.1.1 General
Obtain a test portion of preferably not less than 100 mg by cutting the material into pieces which in the
uncompressed condition have no dimension greater than 6 mm.
A test portion shall be obtained from each different material intended to leave a trace present in the
laboratory sample in a mass of 10 mg or more. Where there is only between 10 mg and 100 mg of
material, report the mass of the test portion in accordance with Clause 11 e) and calculate the quantity
of the appropriate elements as if a test portion of 100 mg had been used.
If the material contains any grease, oil, wax or similar material, these ingredients shall be removed
before treatment of the test portion as described in 9.7.4. Two alternative dewaxing methods are
described in 9.7.1.2 and 9.7.1.3 as Method A and Method B. Laboratories can select the most suitable
dewaxing method at their discretion. Other methods may also be used but shall be validated to show
that they are capable of completely removing non-polar ingredients from relevant toy materials.
9.7.1.2 Method A
Enclose the test portion in a high retention filter paper (7.9) and place into the thimble of a Soxhlet
extractor (7.7). Add 50 ml of n-heptane (6.6) to the 100 ml boiling flask of the extractor and reflux for
at least 30 min with no less than five reflux cycles. At the conclusion of the process, dry the folded filter
paper containing the dewaxed test portion to ensure the removal of residual solvent. Take analytical
measures to ensure that the removal of the ingredients referred to is quantitative. Report the solvent
used in accordance with Clause 11 e).
The filter paper used shall be as small as possible without risking loss of the test portion during the
dewaxing procedure.
NOTE The volume of n-heptane can be adjusted according to the Soxhlet extractor used.
9.7.1.3 Method B
Enclose the test portion in a high retention filter paper (7.9) and place into the thimble of a solvent
extractor (7.8). Add 20 ml of n-heptane (6.6) to the receiver. After setting the temperature of the solvent
extractor to approximately 140 °C, immerse the test portion with filter paper for 10 min as soon as the
n-heptane is completely boiling and reflux for another 5 min. At the conclusion of the process, dry the
folded filter paper containing the dewaxed test portion to ensure the removal of residual solvent. Take
analytical measures to ensure that the removal of the ingredients referred to is quantitative. Report
the solvent used in accordance with Clause 11 e).
The filter paper used shall be as small as possible without risking loss of the test portion during the
dewaxing procedure.
NOTE The volume of n-heptane can be adjusted to ensure the immersion of the test portion. The temperature
of solvent extractor can be adjusted to ensure the boiling of n-heptane.
9.7.2 Test portion preparation for materials in liquid form
Obtain a test portion of preferably not less than 100 mg of the material from the laboratory sample. The
use of an appropriate solvent to facilitate the obtaining of a test portion is permitted.
A test portion shall be obtained from each different material intended to leave a trace present in the
laboratory sample at a mass of 10 mg or more. Where there is only between 10 mg and 100 mg of
material, report the mass of the test portion in accordance with Clause 11 e) and calculate the quantity
of the appropriate elements as if a test portion of 100 mg had been used
If the material is intended to solidify in normal use and contains grease, oil, wax or similar material,
allow the test portion to solidify under normal-use conditions and remove the grease, oil, wax or
similar material using dewaxing methods as described in 9.7.1 before treatment of the test portion as
described in 9.7.4.
9.7.3 Extraction procedure for samples not containing grease, oil, wax or similar material
Using a container of appropriate size (7.6), mix the test portion prepared in accordance with 9.7.1 or
9.7.2 with 50 × its mass of an aqueous HCl solution at (37 ± 2) °C of c(HCl) = 0,07 mol/l (6.1). For a
test portion of mass between 10 mg and 100 mg, mix the test portion with 5,0 ml of this solution at
(37 ± 2) °C.
Shake for 1 min. Check the acidity of the mixture (7.2). If the test portion contains large quantities of
alkaline materials, generally in the form of calcium carbonate, adjust the pH to between 1,0 and 1,5
using hydrochloric acid [c(HCl) approximately 6 mol/l (6.5)] in order to avoid over-dilution. Report in
accordance with Clause 11 e) the amount of hydrochloric acid used to adjust the pH in relation to the
total amount of solution.
If only a small quantity of alkaline material is present and the pH of the mixture is greater than 1,5, add
dropwise, while shaking the mixture, an aqueous solution of c(HCl) approximately 2 mol/l (6.4) until
the pH is between 1,0 and 1,5.
Protect the mixture from light. Agitate the mixture continuously at (37 ± 2) °C (7.5) for 1 h and then
allow to stand for 1 h at (37 ± 2) °C prior to elemental analysis.
9.7.4 Extraction procedure for samples containing grease, oil, wax or similar material
With the test portion as prepared in 9.7.1 or 9.7.2 remaining in the high retention filter paper (7.9),
macerate the test portion with water (6.7) which has 25 × the mass of the original material, at
(37 ± 2) °C, so that the resulting mixture is homogeneous. Quantitatively transfer the mixture to a
container of appropriate size (7.6). Add to the mixture a mass of aqueous solution of c(HCl) = 0,14 mol/l
(6.2) at (37 ± 2) °C which has 25 × the mass of the original test portion.
10 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

In the case of a test portion of original mass between 10 mg and 100 mg, macerate the test portion with
2,5 ml of water (6.7). Quantitatively transfer the mixture to the appropriate-sized container (7.6). Add
2,5 ml aqueous solution of c(HCl) = 0,14 mol/l (6.2) at (37 ± 2) °C to the mixture.
Shake for 1 min. Check the acidity of the mixture (7.2). If the test portion contains large quantities of
alkaline materials, generally in the form of calcium carbonate, adjust the pH to between 1,0 and 1,5
using hydrochloric acid of c(HCl) approximately 6 mol/l (6.5) in order to avoid over-dilution. Report in
accordance with Clause 11 e) the amount of hydrochloric acid used to adjust the pH in relation to the
total amount of solution.
If only a small quantity of alkaline material is present and the pH of the mixture is greater than 1,5, add
dropwise, while shaking the mixture, an aqueous solution of c(HCl) approximately 2 mol/l (6.4) until
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