ISO 4210-4:2023
(Main)Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 4: Braking test methods
Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 4: Braking test methods
This document specifies the braking test methods for ISO 4210‑2.
Cycles — Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes — Partie 4: Méthodes d'essai de freinage
Le présent document spécifie les méthodes d'essai de freinage pour l'ISO 4210-2.
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4210-4
Second edition
2023-01
Cycles — Safety requirements for
bicycles —
Part 4:
Braking test methods
Cycles — Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes —
Partie 4: Méthodes d'essai de freinage
Reference number
© ISO 2023
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test methods . 1
4.1 Brake lever grip dimensions . 1
4.1.1 Test method for the brake lever similar to type A or type B . 1
4.1.2 Test method for the brake lever similar to type C . 3
4.2 Brake levers — Position of applied force . 5
4.2.1 Type A and B brake levers . 5
4.2.2 Type C brake levers . 5
4.3 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test . 6
4.4 Hand-operated braking-system — Strength test . 6
4.5 Back-pedal braking system — Strength test . 7
4.6 Braking performance . 7
4.6.1 Test bicycle . 7
4.6.2 Secondary brake levers . 7
4.6.3 Track test method . 8
4.6.4 Back-pedal brake linearity test . 17
4.6.5 Machine test method . 17
4.7 Brakes — Heat-resistance test .23
4.7.1 Drag test .23
4.7.2 Brake performance measurement after drag test . . 24
Annex A (informative) Explanation of the method of least squares for obtaining the line of
best fit and ±20 % limit lines for braking performance linearity .26
Annex B (informative) Method of measuring braking distance with different lever forces .29
Annex C (informative) How to derive the total braking energy for brake heat resistance test .31
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 149, Cycles, Subcommittee SC 1, Cycles
and major sub-assemblies, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 333, Cycles, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4210-4:2014), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— improvement of 4.1.2;
— addition of test temperature requirement in 4.6.3 and 4.6.5;
— change in the method of calculating the braking distance in 4.6.3;
— addition of rolling resistance requirement and cooling requirement in 4.6.5.7;
— change in the test method to no cooling air of 4.7;
— addition of Annex B and Annex C.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4210 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
This document has been developed in response to the demand throughout the world. The aim is to
ensure that bicycles manufactured in conformity with this document will be as safe as is practically
possible. The tests are designed to ensure the strength and durability of individual parts as well as of
the bicycle as a whole, demanding high quality throughout and consideration of safety aspects from the
design stage onwards.
The scope is limited to safety considerations and has specifically avoided standardization of
components.
If the bicycle should be used on public roads, national regulations apply.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4210-4:2023(E)
Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles —
Part 4:
Braking test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the braking test methods for ISO 4210-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4210-1, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 1: Vocabulary
ISO 4210-2:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking,
young adult, mountain and racing bicycles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4210-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Test methods
4.1 Brake lever grip dimensions
4.1.1 Test method for the brake lever similar to type A or type B
Fit the gauge illustrated in Figure 1 over the handlebar grip or the handlebar (when the manufacturer
does not fit a grip) and the brake lever as shown in Figure 2 so that face A is in contact with the handlebar
or grip and the side of the brake lever. Ensure that face B spans an area of that part of the brake lever
which is intended for contact with the rider's fingers without the gauge causing any movement of the
brake lever towards the handlebar or grip. Measure the distance, a, the distance between the last part
of the lever intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the end of the lever. The measurement
should be conducted only on a fully assembled bicycle.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
A face A
B face B
C rod
D 75 mm or 90 mm
Figure 1 — Brake lever grip dimension gauge for type A and type B
a) Type A
b) Type B
Key
a distance between the last part of the lever intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the end of the lever
Figure 2 — Method of fitting the gauge to the brake lever and handlebar
4.1.2 Test method for the brake lever similar to type C
Fit the gauge illustrated in Figure 3 over the handlebar and brake lever as shown in Figure 4 so that face
A is in contact with the handlebar or handlebar grip and the brake lever. Put the face of cylinder B in
contact with the part of the grip intended for contact with the rider’s hand and check if the requirements
are met. In the case of brake lever with position adjustment, check if the requirements are met in a
specific range of the adjustable range.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
A face A
B face of cylinder
C rod
Figure 3 — Brake lever grip-dimension gauge for type C
Figure 4 — Method of fitting the gauge to the brake lever and handlebar for type C
4.2 Brake levers — Position of applied force
4.2.1 Type A and B brake levers
For the purposes of braking tests in this document, for brake levers similar to type A or type B, the
test force shall be applied at a distance b, which is equal to either dimension a [see ISO 4210-2:2023,
Figure 1 a) and b)] as determined in 4.1.1 or 25 mm from the free end of the brake lever, whichever is
the greater [see Figure 5 a) and Figure 5 b)].
4.2.2 Type C brake levers
For the purposes of braking tests in this document, for brake levers similar to type C, the test force shall
be applied at a distance of 25 mm from the free end of the brake lever [see Figure 5 c)].
Dimensions in millimetres
a) Type A b) Type B
c) Type C
Key
F applied force
b ≥25 mm
Figure 5 — Position of applied force on the brake lever
4.3 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test
Conduct the test on a fully assembled bicycle with the brakes adjusted to a correct position with a rider
or equivalent mass on the saddle. The combined mass of the bicycle and rider (or equivalent mass) shall
be 100 kg.
Actuate each brake lever with a force of 180 N applied at the point specified in Figure 5 or a force
sufficient to bring the brake lever into contact with the handlebar grip, whichever is lesser. Maintain
this force while subjecting the bicycle to five forward and five rearward movements, each of which is
not less than 75 mm distance.
Then conduct the test described in 4.4 or 4.5 as appropriate, depending on the style of brake, and then
the test described in 4.6.
4.4 Hand-operated braking-system — Strength test
Conduct the test on a fully as
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