Glass in building — Heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass

This document specifies product definitions, product characteristics (i.e. tolerances, flatness, edgework), fracture characteristics, including fragmentation, and the physical and mechanical characteristics of flat heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass for use in buildings. This document does not cover surface finished glasses (e.g. sandblasted, acid etched) after heat strengthening. This document does not cover curved (bent) glass. Other requirements, not specified in this document, can apply to heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass which is incorporated into assemblies (e.g. laminated glass or insulating glass units), or undergoes an additional treatment (e.g. coating). The additional requirements are specified in the appropriate glass product standard. Heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass, in this case, does not lose its mechanical or thermal characteristics.

Verre dans la construction — Verre de silicate sodo-calcique durci thermiquement

General Information

Status

Published

Publication Date

31-Aug-2020

ICS

81.040.20 - Glass in building

Technical Committee

ISO/TC 160/SC 1 - Product considerations

Drafting Committee

ISO/TC 160/SC 1/WG 2 - Toughened glass

Current Stage

6060 - International Standard published

Start Date

01-Sep-2020

Completion Date

01-Sep-2020

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ISO 22509:2020 - Glass in building -- Heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22509
First edition
2020-09
Glass in building — Heat strengthened
soda lime silicate glass
Verre dans la construction — Verre de silicate sodo-calcique durci
thermiquement
Reference number
ISO 22509:2020(E)
ISO 2020
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 22509:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 22509:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Glass products ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

5 Fracture characteristics ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.2 Fragmentation ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

6 Dimensions and tolerances ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3

6.1 Nominal thickness and thickness tolerances ................................................................................................................ 3

6.2 Width and length (sizes) ................................................................................................................................................................ 4

6.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

6.2.2 Maximum and minimum sizes ............................................................................................................................. 4

6.2.3 Tolerances and squareness ..................................................................................................................................... 4

6.2.4 Edge deformation produced by vertical heat strengthening ..................................................... 5

6.3 Flatness .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6.3.2 Measurement of overall bow ................................................................................................................................. 7

6.3.3 Measurement of wave or roller wave distortion .................................................................................. 8

6.3.4 Measurement of edge lift (for horizontally heat strengthened glass only) ................... 9

6.3.5 Measurement of perimeter deformation of glass produced by air cushion

toughening process ........................................................................................................................................... ..........10

6.3.6 Measurement of local distortion (for vertically heat strengthened glass only) .....10

6.3.7 Limitation on overall bow, roller wave and edge lift for horizontally heat

strengthened glass ......................................................................................................................................................11

6.3.8 Limitation on overall bow, wave and perimeter deformation for heat

strengthened glass manufactured by air cushion process ........................................................12

6.3.9 Limitation on overall bow and local distortion for vertically heat

strengthened glass ......................................................................................................................................................12

6.3.10 Other distortions ..........................................................................................................................................................13

7 Edge work, holes, notches and cut-outs.....................................................................................................................................13

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................13

7.2 Edge working of glass for heat strengthening ..........................................................................................................13

7.3 Profiled edges........................................................................................................................................................................................14

7.4 Round holes ............................................................................................................................................................................................14

7.4.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................14

7.4.2 Diameter of holes .........................................................................................................................................................14

7.4.3 Limitations on position of holes ......................................................................................................................14

7.4.4 Tolerances on hole diameters ............................................................................................................................16

7.4.5 Tolerances on position of holes ........................................................................................................................16

7.5 Notches and cut-outs ......................................................................................................................................................................17

7.6 Shaped panes .........................................................................................................................................................................................18

8 Fragmentation test ..........................................................................................................................................................................................18

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................18

8.2 Dimensions and number of test specimens ................................................................................................................18

8.3 Test procedure ......................................................................................................................................................................................18

8.4 Assessment of fr agmentation ..................................................................................................................................................19

8.5 E valuation of fragmentation .....................................................................................................................................................21

8.6 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................21

9 Other physical characteristics .............................................................................................................................................................21

9.1 Optical distortion ...............................................................................................................................................................................21

9.1.1 Heat strengthened glass produced by vertical heat strengthening ..................................21

9.1.2 Heat strengthened glass produced by horizontal heat strengthening ...........................21

9.1.3 Heat strengthened glass produced by the air cushion process ............................................22

9.2 Anisotropy (iridescence) .............................................................................................................................................................22

9.3 Thermal durability ............................................................................................................................................................................22

9.4 Mechanical strength ........................................................................................................................................................................22

9.5 Surface pre-stress ..............................................................................................................................................................................23

10 Marking .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................23

11 Packaging ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................23

Annex A (informative) Alternative method for the measurement of roller wave distortion ..................24

Annex B (informative) Method for the measurement of the surface pre-stress of heat

strengthened glass ...........................................................................................................................................................................................26

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................28

iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO 22509:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 160, Glass in building, Subcommittee SC 1,

Product considerations.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
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ISO 22509:2020(E)
Introduction

Heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass has a higher resistance to thermal stress and an enhanced

mechanical strength when compared to annealed soda lime silicate glass.
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22509:2020(E)
Glass in building — Heat strengthened soda lime silicate
glass
1 Scope

This document specifies product definitions, product characteristics (i.e. tolerances, flatness,

edgework), fracture characteristics, including fragmentation, and the physical and mechanical

characteristics of flat heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass for use in buildings.

This document does not cover surface finished glasses (e.g. sandblasted, acid etched) after heat

strengthening.
This document does not cover curved (bent) glass.

Other requirements, not specified in this document, can apply to heat strengthened soda lime silicate

glass which is incorporated into assemblies (e.g. laminated glass or insulating glass units), or undergoes

an additional treatment (e.g. coating). The additional requirements are specified in the appropriate

glass product standard. Heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass, in this case, does not lose its

mechanical or thermal characteristics.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 1288-3, Glass in building — Determination of the bending strength of glass — Part 3: Test with

specimen supported at two points (four point bending)
ISO 11479-1, Glass in building — Coated glass — Part 1: Physical defects

ISO 16293-1, Glass in building — Basic soda lime silicate glass products — Part 1: Definitions and general

physical and mechanical properties

ISO 16293-2, Glass in building — Basic soda lime silicate glass products — Part 2: Float glass

ISO 16293-5, Glass in building — Basic soda lime silicate glass products — Part 5: Patterned glass

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 22509:2020(E)
3.1
heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass
heat strengthened glass

glass within which a permanent surface compressive stress, additionally to the basic mechanical

strength, has been induced by a controlled heating and cooling process in order to give it increased

resistance to mechanical and thermal stress and prescribed fragmentation characteristics

Note 1 to entry: Thermal durability and mechanical strength are generated by the level of surface compression.

These properties are not size dependent.
3.2
air cushion process

process in which the glass is supported by an air cushion with or without additional rollers

Note 1 to entry: In this process, the glass is between horizontal and 45° of horizontal.

3.3
edge deformation
deformation of the edge caused by the tong marks
3.4
edge lift
edge dip

distortion produced in horizontally heat strengthened glass (3.1), at the leading and trailing edge of the

plate, as a result of the glass not being supported by a roller during the heat strengthening process

Note 1 to entry: This is a distortion produced by a deviation from surface flatness.

3.5
perimeter deformation

distortion around the edge of heat strengthened glass (3.1) manufactured by air cushion process (3.2)

3.6
local distortion

local deformation of vertically heat strengthened glass (3.1) underneath the tong marks

3.7
overall bow

deformation of the whole pane of heat strengthened glass (3.1) caused by the heating and cooling process

3.8
roller wave distortion

periodic deformation produced in horizontally heat strengthened glass (3.1) as a result of the glass

during heat strengthening process being in contact with the rollers

Note 1 to entry: This is a surface distortion produced by a deviation in surface flatness.

3.9
wave distortion

distortion in heat strengthened glass (3.1) manufactured by the air cushion process (3.2) as a result of

the heat strengthening process
4 Glass products

Heat strengthened glass shall be made from a monolithic glass corresponding to ISO 16293-1:

— when float glass is used it shall be in accordance to ISO 16293-2;
— when patterned glass is used it shall be according to ISO 16293-5;
— when coated glass is used it shall be according to ISO 11479-1.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO 22509:2020(E)

NOTE There is no international standard for drawn sheet glass. Therefore, see EN 572-4 or national

standards.

Glass nominal thicknesses other than those covered in the above international standards are possible.

5 Fracture characteristics
5.1 General

In the event of breakage, heat strengthened glass fractures in a manner similar to annealed glass (see

Clause 8).

Fragmentation in service may not correspond exactly to that described in Clause 8, due to restraint

from fixing and external actions or due to the cause of fracture.

There can be different fragmentations if heat strengthened glass is used in laminated glass.

NOTE The fracture characteristics of glass are unaffected by temperatures between –50 °C and +100 °C.

5.2 Fragmentation

This test method is employed to demonstrate that heat strengthened glass breaks in the manner

expected for this product. The fragmentation test (see Clause 8) details the fracture pattern, especially

the maximum surface area of “islands”.

This fragmentation behaviour ignores any influence of support conditions and is a representation of

the effect of the surface pre-stress.
6 Dimensions and tolerances
6.1 Nominal thickness and thickness tolerances

The nominal thicknesses and thickness tolerances are those given in the relevant product standards

(see Clause 4), some of which are reproduced in Table 1.
Table 1 — Nominal thicknesses and tolerances
Nominal thickness Float glass tolerances Patterned glass tolerances
mm mm mm
3 ±0,3 ±0,5
4 ±0,3 ±0,5
5 ±0,3 ±0,5
6 ±0,3 ±0,5
8 ±0,6 ±0,8
10 ±0,6 ±1,0
12 ±0,8 ±1,5

This thickness is only produced by some manufacturers. Therefore, consult the manufacturer for availability.

The thickness of a pane shall be determined as for the basic product. The measurement shall be taken

at the centres of the four sides, and away from the area of any tong marks (see Figure 2), which may be

present.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 3
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ISO 22509:2020(E)
6.2 Width and length (sizes)
6.2.1 General

When heat strengthened glass dimensions are quoted for rectangular panes, the first dimension shall

be the width, B, and the second dimension the length, H, as shown in Figure 1. It shall be made clear

which dimension is the width, B, and which is the length, H, when related to its installed position. For

heat strengthened glass manufactured from patterned glass, the direction of the pattern should be

specified relative to one of the dimensions.
Figure 1 — Examples of width, B, and length, H, relative to the pane shape
6.2.2 Maximum and minimum sizes
For maximum and minimum sizes, the manufacturer should be consulted.
6.2.3 Tolerances and squareness

The nominal dimensions for width and length being given, the finished pane shall not be larger than the

nominal dimensions increased by the tolerance, t, or smaller than the nominal dimensions reduced by

the tolerance, t. Limits are given in Table 2.

The squareness of rectangular glass panes is expressed by the difference between its diagonals. The

difference between the two diagonal lengths of the pane of glass shall not be larger than the deviation

limit, v, as specified in Table 3.
Table 2 — Tolerances, t, on width, B, and length, H
Dimensions in millimetres
Tolerance, t
Nominal dimension of side, B or H
Nominal glass thickness, d ≤ 8 Nominal glass thickness, d > 8
≤1 000 ±2 ±3
1 000 < B or H ≤ 2 000 ±3 ±3
2 000 < B or H ≤ 3 000 ±4 ±4
>3 000 ±4 ±5
4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO 22509:2020(E)
Table 3 — Limit deviations, v, for the difference between diagonals
Dimensions in millimetres
Limit deviation, v, on the difference between diagonals
Nominal dimension, B or H
Nominal glass thickness, d ≤ 8 Nominal glass thickness, d > 8
≤ 1 000 4 6
1 000 < B or H ≤ 2 000 6 6
2 000 < B or H ≤ 3 000 8 8
> 3 000 8 10
6.2.4 Edge deformation produced by vertical heat strengthening

The tongs used to suspend the glass during heat strengthening result in surface depressions, known

as tong marks (see Figure 2). The centres of the tong marks are situated up to a maximum of 20 mm in

from the edge. A deformation of the edge less than 2 mm can be produced in the region of the tong mark

and there may also be an area of optical distortion.
Key
1 tong mark
Deformation in the tolerances of Table 2.
Up to 20 mm.
100 mm radius maximum area of optical distortion.
Figure 2 — Tong mark deformation
6.3 Flatness
6.3.1 General

By the very nature of the heat strengthening process, it is not possible to obtain a product as flat as

annealed glass. This difference in flatness depends on the type of glass (e.g. coated, patterned), glass

dimensions, i.e. the nominal thickness, the dimensions, the ratio between the dimensions and the type

of heat strengthening process employed.
There are six kinds of distortion:
a) overall bow (see Figure 3);

b) roller wave distortion (for horizontally heat strengthened glass only) (see Figure 4);

c) edge lift (for horizontally heat strengthened glass only) (see Figure 5);
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 5
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ISO 22509:2020(E)

d) local distortion (for vertically heat strengthened glass only) (see Figure 6);

e) wave distortion (for air cushion heat strengthened glass only) (see Figure 4);

f) perimeter deformation (for air cushion heat strengthened glass only) (see Figure 10).

NOTE Overall bow, roller wave, edge lift and perimeter deformation can, in general, be accommodated by

the framing system.

Local distortion needs to be allowed for within the glazing materials and the weather seals. For special

requirements, the manufacturers should be consulted.
Key
1 heat strengthened glass
Deformation for calculating overall bow.
B, or H, or diagonal length.
Figure 3 — Representation of overall bow
6 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO 22509:2020(E)
Roller wave distortion.
Figure 4 — Representation of wave or roller wave distortion
Key
1 straight edge
2 heat strengthened glass
Edge lift.
Figure 5 — Representation of edge lift
Key
1 heat strengthened glass
Local distortion.
Figure 6 — Representation of local distortion
6.3.2 Measurement of overall bow

The pane of glass shall be placed in a vertical position and supported on its longer side by two load

bearing blocks at the quarter points (see Figure 7).

For glass thinner than 4 mm nominal thickness, a solid back support with an angle between 3° and 7°

from the vertical can be used.

The deformation shall be measured along the edges of the glass and along the diagonals, as the

maximum distance between a straight metal ruler, or a stretched wire, and the concave surface of the

glass (see Figure 3).

The value for the bow is then expressed as the deformation, in millimetres, divided by the measured

length of the edge of the glass, or diagonal, in millimetres, as appropriate.
The measurement shall be carried out at room temperature.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 7
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ISO 22509:2020(E)
Key
1 heat strengthened glass
2 load bearing blocks
B or H.
(B or H)/2.
(B or H)/4.
Figure 7 — Support conditions for the measurement of overall bow

Special care shall be taken for large and thin panes because they may show a buckling which is different

from an overall bow caused by the heat strengthening process. Results from this test method for glasses

thinner than 4mm may be inaccurate.
6.3.3 Measurement of wave or roller wave distortion
6.3.3.1 General

The wave or roller wave distortion is measured by means of a straight edge, or equivalent, being placed

at right angles to the wave or roller wave and bridging from peak to peak of the wave (see Figure 8).

NOTE This section deals with measurement using a straight edge and feeler gauges. An alternative method

is described in Annex A.
6.3.3.2 Apparatus
6.3.3.2.1 A straight edge, with a length between 300 mm and 400 mm.

NOTE The actual length of straight edge required depends on the wavelength of the wave or roller wave.

6.3.3.2.2 Feeler gauges, with various thicknesses in units of 0,05 mm.
8 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO 22509:2020(E)
6.3.3.3 Method

Place the straight edge so that it bridges across adjacent peaks. Insert the feeler gauge between the

glass surface and the straight edge. Increase the thickness of the feeler gauges until they just fill the gap

between glass surface and the straight edge. Record the thickness of feeler gauge(s) to an accuracy of

0,05 mm.
Repeat the measurement at several places over the glass surface.

The measured wave or roller wave distortion is the maximum value measured. The maximum allowable

values are given in Table 4 and Table 6.
6.3.3.4 Limitations
The following limitations apply:

— the wave or roller wave can only be measured on panes with a dimension greater than 600 mm

measured at right angles to the waves or roller waves;

— the wave or roller wave cannot be measured in an exclusion area that is 150 mm from the edges of

the pane. The apparatus should not be used in the exclusion area;

— panes with an overall bow shall be laid on a flat support. This will allow gravity to flatten out the

overall bow and hence give a truer result for the wave or roller wave.
Key
1 straight edge
2 heat strengthened glass
Wave or roller wave distortion.
Figure 8 — Measurement of wave or roller wave distortion
6.3.4 Measurement of edge lift (for horizontally heat strengthened glass only)
6.3.4.1 Apparatus
6.3.4.1.1 Straight edge, with a length between 300 mm and 400 mm.

NOTE The actual length of the straight edge required depends on the wavelength of the roller wave.

6.3.4.1.2 Feeler gauges, with various thicknesses in units of 0,05 mm.
6.3.4.2 Method
The glass shall be placed on a flat sup
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 22509
ISO/TC 160/SC 1
Glass in building — Heat strengthened
Secretariat: BSI
soda lime silicate glass
Voting begins on:
20200417
Voting terminates on:
20200612
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/FDIS 22509:2020(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2020
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22509:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22509:2020(E)
Contents Page