ISO/IEC 16500-2:1999
(Main)Information technology — Generic digital audio-visual systems — Part 2: System dynamics, scenarios and protocol requirements
Information technology — Generic digital audio-visual systems — Part 2: System dynamics, scenarios and protocol requirements
The purpose of this part of ISO/IEC 16500 is to specify normative protocols and associated dynamic system behavior, including session and connection manipulation, configuration and download, for an ISO/IEC 16500 system. The emphasis is on the significant dynamic system entities (e.g., session control, call/connection control), the behavior of these entities (e.g., information flows, entity actions, parameters passed) and the allowable physical placement(s) of these entities in a DAVIC system (i.e., physical instances). As such, this part of ISO/IEC 16500 complements the static systems reference model described in ISO/IEC 16500-1, specifying normative dynamic behavior as well as specifying the protocol(s) required to realize this behavior. The protocols themselves are specified primarily through the use of "Protocol Network Architecture" diagrams which visually illustrate, for each of the defined physical instances and application scenarios, the various protocol stacks which are to be used. Detailed specification of the individual protocol tools themselves (e.g., the detailed protocol messages used to realize the DAVIC dynamic flow behavior) is provided in ISO/IEC 16500-5 (mid- and higher layers) and ISO/IEC 16500-4 (lower layers) of this specification. This results in instance specifications made up of building blocks from the DAVIC tool set organized in a manner describing a system which performs DAVIC functions.
Technologies de l'information — Systèmes audiovisuels numériques génériques — Partie 2: Dynamique, scénarios et exigences de protocole des systèmes
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 16500-2
First edition
1999-12-15
Information technology — Generic digital
audio-visual systems —
Part 2:
System dynamics, scenarios and protocol
requirements
Technologies de l'information — Systèmes audiovisuels numériques
génériques —
Partie 2: Dynamique, scénarios et exigences de protocole des systèmes
Reference number
ISO/IEC 16500-2:1999(E)
©
ISO/IEC 1999
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ISO/IEC 16500-2:1999(E)
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ii © ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 16500-2:1999(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Definitions . 1
4 Acronyms and abbreviations. 1
5 Conventions. 2
6 Requirements for DAVIC Systems. 2
7 Implementation Procedure. 2
8 Instance Development Tool . 2
9 DAVIC System Dynamic Modeling (DSDM) and Required Protocols. 3
9.1 General.3
9.1.1 DAVIC System Dynamic Modeling.3
9.1.2 Protocols Required for System Operation .4
9.2 DSDM for VoD .4
9.2.1 Functional Entities Used in Dynamic Modeling for VoD .4
9.2.2 Alternative DAVIC Physical Scenarios for the VoD Control Functional Entities .5
9.2.3 System Dynamic Flows for VoD.7
9.2.4 Functional Entity Actions for VoD.16
9.2.5 DAVIC Dynamic Flow Parameters for VoD.22
9.2.6 Specification of the Usage of DAVIC Protocol Tools for VoD .45
9.2.7 Protocol Network Architectures for DAVIC VoD .45
9.2.8 Rationale for the Physical Scenarios for VoD .46
9.2.9 Notes on Download Protocols for VoD.46
9.2.10 Cross-Reference to DAVIC Tool Definitions for VoD .51
9.2.11 Association Between Interfaces and Network Resources for VoD.52
9.2.12 Rationale behind the selection of the DAVIC VoD dynamic systems behavior.55
9.3 DSDM for SVB (Switched Video Broadcast).57
9.3.1 Overview .57
9.3.2 Functional Entities Used in Dynamic Modeling for SVB .57
9.3.3 System Dynamic Flows for SVB.59
9.3.4 Functional Entity Actions for DAVIC SVB .62
9.3.5 Dynamic Flow Parameters for SVB .63
9.4 DSDM for Interactive Broadcast (PSTN/ISDN Return Channel).69
9.4.1 Overview and Description of System Behavior.69
9.4.2 Protocol Network Architecture for Interactive Broadcast .72
9.4.3 DAVIC System Dynamic Flows for Interactive Broadcast .75
9.4.4 Functional Entity Actions for Interactive Broadcast.76
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ISO/IEC 16500-2:1999(E)
9.5 DAVIC Architecture and DSDM for Internet Access.78
9.5.1 Overview .78
9.5.2 Direct Internet Scenario 1a .89
9.5.3 Direct Internet Scenario 1b .93
9.5.4 Direct Internet Scenario 2a .102
9.5.5 Direct Internet Scenario 2b .111
9.5.6 Internet Access Scenarios 3a and 3b.113
9.5.7 Internet Access Scenario 4.121
9.5.8 Specification of the DAVIC Protocol Tools for Internet Access.131
9.5.9 PPP Access with Broadband Broadcast and S3 Capability.133
9.5.10 Authentication and Configuration Methods for Internet Access.140
9.5.11 DAVIC server DHCP Relay Operation for Internet Access .142
9.5.12 DHCP Options for Internet Access.153
9.5.13 DAVIC Defined Resource Descriptors for Internet Access.159
10 Configuration. 160
10.1 General . 160
10.2 STU Configuration (Boot). 161
10.3 Service Provider System Configuration.162
10.4 Download .163
10.4.1 General.163
10.4.2 The Download service: .164
10.4.3 Download System Dynamic Flows.164
10.4.4 Download initiated at session setup:.164
10.4.5 Download initiated during active session: .166
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ISO/IEC 16500-2:1999(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission)
form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC
participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees
collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO/IEC 16500 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO/IEC 16500-2 was prepared by DAVIC (Digital Audio-Visual Council) and was adopted,
under the PAS procedure, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its
approval by national bodies of ISO and IEC.
ISO/IEC 16500 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Generic digital
audio-visual systems:
� Part 1: System reference models and scenarios
� Part 2: System dynamics, scenarios and protocol requirements
� Part 3: Contours: Technology domain
� Part 4: Lower-layer protocols and physical interfaces
� Part 5: High and mid-layer protocols
� Part 6: Information representation
� Part 7: Basic security tools
� Part 8: Management architecture and protocols
� Part 9: Usage information protocols
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ISO/IEC 16500-2:1999(E)
Introduction
ISO/IEC 16500 defines the minimum tools and dynamic behavior required by digital audio-visual systems for
end-to-end interoperability across countries, applications and services. To achieve this interoperability, it defines
the technologies and information flows to be used within and between the major components of generic digital
audio-visual systems. Interoperability between these components and between individual sub-systems is assured
through specification of tools and specification of dynamic systems behavior at defined reference points. A
reference point can comprise one or more logical (non-physical) information-transfer interfaces, and one or more
physical signal-transfer interfaces. A logical interface is defined by a set of information flows and associated
protocol stacks. A physical interface is an external interface and is fully defined by its physical and electrical
characteristics. Accessible reference points are used to determine and demonstrate compliance of a digital audio-
visual subsystem with this international standard.
A summary of each part follows.
ISO/IEC 16500-1 (DAVIC 1.3.1a Part 2) defines the normative digital audio-visual systems technical framework.
It provides a vocabulary and a Systems Reference Model, which identifies specific functional blocks and
information flows, interfaces and reference points.
ISO/IEC 16500-2 (DAVIC 1.3.1a Part 12) defines system dynamic behavior and physical scenarios. It details the
locations of the control functional entities along with the normative protocols needed to support the systems
behavior. It is structured as a set of protocol walk-throughs, or “Application Notes”, that rehearse both the steady
state and dynamic operation of the system at relevant reference points using specified protocols. Detailed
dynamics are given for the following scenarios: video on demand, switched video broadcast, interactive broadcast,
and internet access.
ISO/IEC 16500-3 (DAVIC 1.3.1a Part 14) provides the normative definition of DAVIC Technology Contours.
These are strict sets of Applications, Functionalities and Technologies which allow compliance and conformance
criteria to be easily specified and assessed. This part of ISO/IEC 16500 contains the full details of two contours.
These are the Enhanced Digital Broadcast (EDB) and Interactive Digital Broadcast (IDB). ISO/IEC 16500-3
specifies required technologies and is a mandatory compliance document for contour implementations.
ISO/IEC 16500-4 (DAVIC 1.3.1a Part 8) defines the toolbox of technologies used for lower layer protocols and
physical interfaces. The tools specified are those required to digitize signals and information in the Core Network
and in the Access Network. Each tool is applicable at one or more of the reference points specified within the
Delivery System. In addition a detailed specification is provided of the physical interfaces between the Network
Interface Unit and the Set Top Unit and of the physical interfaces used to connect Set Top Boxes to various
peripheral devices (digital video recorder, PC, printer). The physical Delivery System mechanisms included are
copper pairs, coaxial cable, fiber, HFC, MMDS, LMDS, satellite and terrestrial broadcasting.
ISO/IEC 16500-5 (DAVIC 1.3.1a Part 7) defines the technologies used for high and mid-layer protocols for
ISO/IEC 16500 digital audio-visual systems. In particular, this part defines the specific protocol stacks and
requirements on protocols at specific interfaces for the content, control and management information flows.
ISO/IEC 16500-6 (DAVIC 1.3.1a Part 9) defines what the user will eventually see and hear and with what quality.
It specifies the way in which monomedia and multimedia information types are coded and exchanged. This
includes the definition of a virtual machine and a set of APIs to support interoperable exchange of program code.
Interoperability of applications is achieved, without specifying the internal design of a set top unit, by a normative
Reference Decoder Model which defines specific memory and behavior constraints for content decoding. Separate
profiles are defined for different sets of multimedia components.
ISO/IEC 16500-7 (DAVIC 1.3.1a Part 10) defines the interfaces and the security tools required for an
ISO/IEC 16500 system implementing security profiles. These tools include security protocols which operate
across one or both of the defined conditional access interfaces CA0 and CA1. The interface CA0 is to all security
and conditional access functions, including the high speed descrambling functions. The interface CA1 is to a
tamper resistant device used for low speed cryptographic processing. This cryptographic processing function is
implemented in a smart card.
ISO/IEC 16500-8 (DAVIC 1.3.1a Part 6) specifies the information model used for managing ISO/IEC 16500
systems. In particular, this part defines the managed object classes and their associated characteristics for
managing the access network and service-related data in the Delivery System. Where these definitions are taken
from existing standards, full reference to the required standards is provided. Otherwise a full description is
integrated in the text of this part. Usage-related information model is defined in ISO/IEC 16500-9.
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ISO/IEC 16500-2:1999(E)
ISO/IEC 16500-9 (DAVIC 1.3.1a Part 11) specifies the interface requirements and defines the formats for the
collection of usage data used for billing, and other business-related operations such as customer profile
maintenance. It also specifies the protocols for the transfer of Usage Information into and out of the
ISO/IEC 16500 digital audio-visual system. In summary, flows of audio, video and audio-visual works are
monitored at defined usage data collection elements (e.g. servers, elements of the Delivery System, set-top boxes).
Information concerning these flows is then collected, processed and passed to external systems such as billing or a
rights administration society via a standardised usage data transfer interface.
Additional Information
ISO/IEC TR 16501 is an accompanying Technical Report. Further architectural and conformance information is
provided in other non-normative parts of DAVIC 1.3.1a (1999). A summary of these documents is included here
for information.
ISO/IEC TR 16501 (DAVIC 1.3.1a Part 1) provides a detailed listing of the functionalities required by users and
providers of digital audio-visual applications and systems. It introduces the concept of a contour and defines the
IDB (Interactive Digital Broadcast) and EDB (Enhanced Digital Broadcast) functionality requirements which are
used to define the normative contour technology toolsets provided in ISO/IEC 16500-3.
DAVIC 1.3.1a Parts 3, 4 and 5 are DAVIC technical reports. They provide additional architectural and other
information for the server, the delivery-system, and the Service Consumer systems respectively. Part 3 defines
how to load an application, once created, onto a server and gives information and guidance on the protocols
transmitted from the set-top user to the server, and those used to control the set-up and execution of a selected
application. Part 4 provides an overview of Delivery Systems and describes instances of specific DAVIC
networked service architectures. These include physical and wireless networks. Non-networked delivery (e.g.
local storage physical media like discs, tapes and CD-ROMs) are not specified. Part 5 provides a Service
Consumer systems architecture and a description of the DAVIC Set Top reference points defined elsewhere in the
normative parts of the specification.
DAVIC 1.3.1a Part 13 is a DAVIC technical report, which provides guidelines on how to validate the systems,
technology tools and protocols through conformance and / or interoperability testing.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ©ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16500-2:1999(E)
Information technology — Generic digital audio-visual
systems — Part 2: System dynamics, scenarios and
protocol requirements
1 Scope
The purpose of this part of ISO/IEC 16500 is to specify normative protocols and associated dynamic system
behavior, including session and connection manipulation, configuration and download, for an ISO/IEC 16500
system. The emphasis is on the significant dynamic system entities (e.g., session control, call/connection
control), the behavior of these entities (e.g., information flows, entity actions, parameters passed) and the
allowable physical placement(s) of these entities in a DAVIC system (i.e., physical instances). As such, this
part of ISO/IEC 16500 complements the static systems reference model described in ISO/IEC 16500-1,
specifying normative dynamic behavior as well as specifying the protocol(s) required to realize this behavior.
The protocols themselves are specified primarily through the use of "Protocol Network Architecture"
diagrams which visually illustrate, for each of the defined physical instances and application scenarios, the
various protocol stacks which are to be used. Detailed specification of the individual protocol tools
themselves (e.g., the detailed protocol messages used to realize the DAVIC dynamic flow behavior) is
provided in ISO/IEC 16500-5 (mid- and higher layers) and ISO/IEC 16500-4 (lower layers) of this
specification.
This results in instance specifications made up of building blocks from the DAVIC tool set organized in a
manner describing a system which performs DAVIC functions.
2 Normative references
Detailed bibliographic references for the normative protocols identified in this part of ISO/IEC 16500 (e.g. in
Table 9.2-28 and Table 9.2-29) are provided in ISO/IEC 16500-2 Annex E.
3 Definitions
This clause defines new terms, and the intended meaning of certain common terms, used in this part of
ISO/IEC 16500. Annex A of ISO/IEC 16500-1 defines additional terms and, in some cases, alternative
interpretations that are appropriate in other contexts. For convenience, the normative definitions below are
included in the annex.
3.1 call entity or connection entity: user or network process which terminates S4 flow (c/c).
3.2 functional control entities: call/connection entity and session entity.
3.3 functional entity: process which terminates an information flow.
3.4 proxy signaling agent: signaling process performing end point signaling function on behalf of the
end user. Extended definition is required if proxy is used also in hybrid network, e.g., MPEG HFC and ATM.
3.5 Q.2931 MACRO: single notation which summarizes the exchange of information (S4 flow) between
call/connection control entities during the call set-up or release phases.
3.6 session entity: user or network process which terminates S3 flow (ses).
4 Acronyms and abbreviations
This clause defines the acronyms and abbreviations used in this part of ISO/IEC 16500. Annex B of ISO/IEC
16500-1 defines acronyms and abbreviations used within ISO/IEC 16500.
c/c call/connection entity
CRM Connection Resource Manager
DSDM DAVIC System Dynamic Modeling
e-e cntrl end-to-end control
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ISO/IEC 16500-2:1999(E)
MPTS Multi-Program Transport Stream (ISO/IEC 13818–1 MPEG-2 Systems)
pses Pseudo-session control entity (used in some Internet Access scenarios)
Ses Session control entity
SPTS Single Program Transport Stream (ISO/IEC 13818–1 MPEG-2 Systems)
5 Conventions
The style of ISO/IEC 16500 follows the Guide for ITU-T and ISO/IEC JTC1 co-operation. Appendix H: Rules
for presentation of ITU-T | ISO/IEC common text (March, 1993).
6 Requirements for DAVIC Systems
DAVIC systems are characterized as follows:
� The system must be built from the set of tools defined in ISO/IEC 16500.
� The system must reflect one of the allowable physical instances specified in this part of
ISO/IEC 16500.
� The system must illustrate DAVIC behavior at the various reference points as defined
in ISO/IEC 16500-1.
� The system must perform functionalities outlined in ISO/IEC TR 16501.
� The system dynamic behavior must be in accordance with the dynamic flow scenarios,
entity actions, and parameters, and protocols specified in this part of ISO/IEC 16500,
utilizing the detailed protocols specified in ISO/IEC 16500-4 and ISO/IEC 16500-5.
� The reference points must be accessible to allow effective interoperability testing at the
reference points and throughout the system as appropriate.
7 Implementation Procedure
The following list defines the procedure for the description of a DAVIC system instance:
1. Define the instance in terms of the static DAVIC reference model of ISO/IEC 16500-1 and
one of the allowed physical allocations of the dynamic functional entities specified in this
part of ISO/IEC 16500. Identify the required protocol tools outlined in ISO/IEC 16500 from
the physical instances, dynamic behavior and the protocol network architecture diagrams of
this part of ISO/IEC 16500.
2. Define the identified points using the tools outlined in ISO/IEC 16500.
3. Identify the required DAVIC functionalities and demonstrate the implementation of these
functions through the network instance, utilizing the system dynamic behavior as specified
in the dynamic flows of this part of ISO/IEC 16500.
4. Repeat steps 2 through 3 for the various network types (i.e., for the various physical layer
access technologies) to which the instance applies.
8 Instance Development Tool
The instance development tool for definition of a DAVIC system is defined with the following elements:
� Service Provider System (SPS) (e.g., the video server for the case of VoD)
� Delivery System comprising:
� Core Network (CN)
� Access Network (AN)
� Service User System (e.g., the Set Top Unit)
� Information Flows S1, S2, S3, S4, S5
� Reference Points A11, A10, A9, A4, A1, A0 (Note: A0 and A4 is not shown in Figure
9.1-1 below. See ISO/IEC 16500-1 for this information).
� Functional Entities: c/c, ses, content source, content sink, e-e cntrl
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ISO/IEC 16500-2:1999(E)
The SPS, CN, AN, SUS, Information Flows, and Reference Points are as defined in DAVIC static system
reference model of ISO/IEC 16500-1.
Content Service Service
Provider Provider User
System
System System
Principal Services
S1
Layer Interface
Application Services
S2
Layer Interface
Session/Transport
S3
Services Layer Interface
Network Services
S4
Layer Interface
Physical Interface
Delivery Delivery
System System
A10 A9 A1
A11
Figure 9.1-1 — DAVIC System Reference Model
The details of the relationships internal to and external to the SPS, Delivery System and SUS are as defined in
the DAVIC static Systems Reference Model of ISO/IEC 16500-1.
9 DAVIC System Dynamic Modeling (DSDM) and Required
Protocols
9.1 General
9.1.1 DAVIC System Dynamic Modeling
The DAVIC System Dynamic Modeling describes the following:
� Functional Entities used within the Dynamic Model(s)
� DAVIC Physical Scenarios (Physical Instances) for the allowable location(s) of the
control functional entities.
� System Dynamic Flows which describe the dynamics of the DAVIC System for, e.g.,
the following actions, where appropriate:
� Session & Call/connection Establishment
� Adding Resources
� Releasing Resources
� Session Transfer
� Service Transfer
� Session & Call/connection Release
� Functional Entity Actions (performed by entities in conjunction with the dynamic
flows)
� DAVIC Dynamic Flow Parameters (carried within the dynamic flows)
Collectively, these descriptive mechanisms specify the overall system dynamic behavior required of a DAVIC
system for each application area (e.g., VoD, Interactive Broadcast, etc.)
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ISO/IEC 16500-2:1999(E)
9.1.2 Protocols Required for System Operation
The protocols required for the dynamic operation of a DAVIC compliant systems are identified in this part of
ISO/IEC 16500 (for each application scenario) by means of either protocol network architecture diagrams,
tables, or via descriptive text. Regardless of the means of identification, these protocols identified here are
actually pointers to further detailed information specified in either ISO/IEC 16500-4 or ISO/IEC 16500-5 or
in other documents as appropriate.
9.2 DSDM for VoD
9.2.1 Functional Entities Used in Dynamic Modeling for VoD
Figure 9.2-1 shows the k
...
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