ISO/TR 10064-1:2017
(Main)Code of inspection practice — Part 1: Measurement of cylindrical gear tooth flanks
Code of inspection practice — Part 1: Measurement of cylindrical gear tooth flanks
ISO/TR 10064-1:2017 supplements ISO 1328‑1:2013. It provides a code of practice dealing with measurements on flanks of individual cylindrical involute gears, i.e. with the measurement of pitch, profile, helix and tangential composite characteristics. It describes measuring equipment, provides advice for gear measuring methods and for the analysis of measurement results, and discusses the interpretation of results. Measurements using a double flank tester are not included (see ISO/TR 10064‑2). This document only applies to involute gears.
Code pratique de réception — Partie 1: Mesure des flancs dentaires cylindriques
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 10064-1
Second edition
2017-07
Code of inspection practice —
Part 1:
Measurement of cylindrical gear
tooth flanks
Code pratique de réception —
Partie 1: Mesure des flancs dentaires cylindriques
Reference number
ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
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ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E)
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 1
4 General considerations . 5
4.1 Background . 5
4.2 Required inspection information . 5
4.3 Measurement selection . 5
4.3.1 Substitution of measurement methods . 5
4.3.2 First piece inspection . 5
4.3.3 Sampling and statistical process control . 5
5 Conventions and measurement positions . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Datum axis . 6
5.3 Left or right flank . 6
5.4 Left hand or right hand helical gears . 7
5.5 Numbering of teeth and flanks . 7
5.6 Numbering of pitches . 8
5.7 Number of pitches “k” in a deviation symbol subscript . 8
6 Types of measuring equipment and principle . 8
6.1 General . 8
6.2 Measurement methods .14
6.2.1 Generative measurement methods .14
6.2.2 Non-generative measurement methods .16
6.2.3 Pitch measurement methods .17
6.2.4 Hand-held pitch measuring devices .18
6.2.5 Radial runout measurement .20
6.2.6 Computer tomography methods for small gears .21
6.2.7 Optical devices for small spur gears .21
6.3 Calibration of equipment .22
6.4 Tooth thickness, differences between CNC/CMM and manual measurement .22
6.5 “In-process” gear measurement on manufacturing machines .23
6.6 Gear mounting .23
6.7 Example output format from a CNC GMM .24
6.7.1 General.24
6.7.2 Example evaluations of modified helices and profiles .27
7 Recommended measurement procedure and good measurement practice .28
7.1 Measurement procedure .28
7.2 Probe problems when measuring aluminium parts .30
7.3 Suitable artefacts for calibration of measuring machines .30
8 Inspection procedures for gears that are too large for gear inspection machines .31
8.1 General .31
8.2 Profile inspection using portable device .31
8.2.1 Disassembly of segments .31
8.2.2 Measurement by portable gear inspection device using coordinates .31
8.2.3 Profile inspection by gear tooth caliper .32
8.3 Inspection of helix form deviation .36
8.3.1 Inspection of helix form deviation on the gear cutting machine.36
8.3.2 Straightness inspection using a cylinder .37
8.3.3 Inspection of the tooth contact pattern .37
8.4 Inspection of the pitch .38
8.4.1 Calculation of pitch .38
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ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E)
8.4.2 Inspection using an automatic device on the cutting machine: inspection
of the single circular pitch and the cumulative pitch deviation .38
8.4.3 Manual inspection: inspection of base pitch, p , and base pitch deviations, f .
b pb 39
8.5 Measuring tooth thickness .39
8.6 Measuring gear radial runout and axial runout of reference surfaces .39
9 Measurement analysis — Profile, helix, pitch and radial runout .39
9.1 Profile .39
9.1.1 Profile deviation .39
9.1.2 Profile deviation diagram .40
9.1.3 Evaluation of profile diagrams .41
9.1.4 Algebraic signs of f , f and f .
Hα b α 42
9.1.5 Mean profile slope deviation, f .
Hαm 42
9.2 Helix.43
9.2.1 General.43
9.2.2 Helix deviation diagram .44
9.2.3 Evaluation of helix diagrams .45
9.2.4 Algebraic signs of f and f .
Hβ β 46
9.2.5 Machine corrections based on mean helix slope deviation, f .
Hβm 47
9.3 Pitch .48
9.3.1 Pitch deviation .48
9.3.2 Pitch deviation measurement .48
9.3.3 Relationships of pitch parameters and measuring methods .48
9.3.4 Calculation of cumulative pitch (index), F .
p 49
9.3.5 Calculation of single pitch, f .
pi 50
9.3.6 Calculation of total cumulative pitch deviation, F .
p 50
9.3.7 Calculation of sector pitch deviation, F .
pk 50
9.3.8 Segment gear measurement .50
9.4 Radial runout, determining eccentricity .51
9.4.1 Measuring principle .51
9.4.2 Evaluation of measurement .51
10 Interpretation of profile, helix, pitch and radial runout results .52
10.1 Interpreting measurement results .52
10.2 Procedure for interpreting measurement results .52
10.3 Recognition of common manufacturing errors.53
10.3.1 General.53
10.3.2 Example of a profile with pressure angle deviation .53
10.3.3 Example of profile deviations with varying pressure angle deviation .53
10.3.4 Hob runout or shaping cutter deflection .54
10.3.5 Consistent mean helix slope deviation .55
10.3.6 Helix slope variation .55
10.3.7 Profile control diameter not achieved .56
10.3.8 Variation in profile non-clean up and profile control diameter not achieved .56
10.3.9 Pitch results with radial runout of the gear blank .58
10.3.10 Pitch with indexing deviations .58
10.3.11 Pitch with repeating deviation patterns that may cause noise .61
11 Single flank composite testing .61
11.1 Single flank composite testing principle .61
11.2 Single flank composite test .62
11.2.1 Single flank test setup . . .62
11.2.2 Single flank composite deviations .64
11.3 Single flank measurement with master gear .65
11.3.1 Master gear requirements .65
11.3.2 Influence of profile deviations .65
11.3.3 Influence of pitch deviations .66
11.3.4 Influence of helix deviations .66
11.4 Single flank measurement of product gear pair .69
11.4.1 Differences between tests with a master gear and between two product gears .69
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ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E)
11.4.2 Identification and location of defects .69
11.4.3 Selective meshing of gears .69
11.5 Data analysis by the Fourier transform method .70
12 Additional measurements .71
12.1 Flank measurements.71
12.1.1 General.71
12.1.2 Twist measurement.71
12.1.3 Topographical measurement .72
12.1.4 Undulations .73
12.2 Surface roughness measurement .74
12.3 Tooth root fillet radius measurement .74
13 Filters and data density .75
13.1 General .75
13.2 Examples of filtered results .75
13.3 Working principle of the Gauss 50 % filter .75
13.4 Filter limitations .81
14 Additional calculations .81
14.1 Calculation of single pitch deviation, f , from normal base pitch measurements .81
pt
14.2 Additional calculations for normal base pitch measurements .82
14.2.1 Included parameters .82
14.2.2 Calculation of normal base pitch deviation, f .
pbn 82
14.2.3 Calculation of mean normal base pitch deviation, f .
pbnm 82
14.3 Additional calculations for profile measurements .82
14.3.1 Included parameters .82
14.3.2 Mean base diameter deviation and mean pressure angle deviation .83
14.3.3 Calculation of effective base diameter, d .
b eff 84
14.3.4 Calculation of effective transverse pressure angle, α .
t eff 84
14.3.5 Calculation of effective normal pressure angle, α . .
n eff 84
14.3.6 Calculation of mean transverse pressure angle deviation, f .
αmt 85
14.3.7 Calculation of mean normal pressure angle deviation, f .
αmn 85
14.4 Additional calculations for helix measurements .85
14.4.1 Included parameters .85
14.4.2 Required preliminary data .86
14.4.3 Calculation of effective helix angle at the measurement diameter, β .
M eff 86
14.4.4 Calculation of effective lead, p .
z eff 86
14.4.5 Calculation of effective helix angle at the standard pitch diameter, β .
eff 87
14.4.6 Calculation of mean lead deviation, f .
pzm 87
14.4.7 Calculation of mean helix angle deviation, f .
βm 87
Bibliography .89
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ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 60, Gears.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 10064-1:1992), which has been
technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO/TR 10064-1:1992/Cor. 1:2006.
The following changes have been made:
— the contents have been updated to correspond with ISO 1328-1:2013;
— additional material has been added on the proper setup and use of measuring machines, and how
the measurement results can be used to determine the corrective steps needed to improve the gear
tooth flank tolerance class.
A list of all parts in the ISO/TR 10064 series can be found on the ISO website.
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E)
Code of inspection practice —
Part 1:
Measurement of cylindrical gear tooth flanks
1 Scope
This document supplements ISO 1328-1:2013. It provides a code of practice dealing with measurements
on flanks of individual cylindrical involute gears, i.e. with the measurement of pitch, profile, helix
and tangential composite characteristics. It describes measuring equipment, provides advice for gear
measuring methods and for the analysis of measurement results, and discusses the interpretation of
results.
Measurements using a double flank tester are not included (see ISO/TR 10064-2). This document only
applies to involute gears.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
NOTE The symbols and terms used throughout this document are in basic agreement with the symbols and
terms given in ISO 701 and in ISO 1122-1. In all cases, the first time that each symbol is introduced, it is defined
and discussed in detail. See Table 1. Abbreviated terms are given in Table 2.
Table 1 — Symbols and definitions
a
Symbols Definition Units First use
a tip point — Figure 31
b face width mm Figure 37
C profile control point — Figure 31
f
d reference diameter mm Formula (4)
d tip diameter mm 14.3.2.1
a
d effective (measured) tip diameter mm Figure 29
a eff
d base diameter mm Formula (6)
b
d effective base diameter mm 14.2
b eff
a
Symbols used for deviations of individual eleme
...
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