ISO/TS 22298:2024
(Main)Nanotechnologies — Silica nanomaterials — Specification of characteristics and measurement methods for silica with ordered nanopore array (SONA)
Nanotechnologies — Silica nanomaterials — Specification of characteristics and measurement methods for silica with ordered nanopore array (SONA)
This document specifies the characteristics of samples of silica with ordered nanopore array (SONA) to be measured in powder form and the industrially available measurement methods used to determine said characteristics. This document provides a sound base for the research, development and commercialization of SONA for various applications. This document excludes silica-gel, fumed silica and chemically modified SONA. NOTE The pore size of SONA ranges usually from one nanometre to several tens of nanometres.
Spécification des caractéristiques et méthodes de mesure de la silice à réseau de nanopores ordonnés (SONA)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
Technical
Specification
ISO/TS 22298
First edition
Nanotechnologies — Silica
2024-03
nanomaterials — Specification of
characteristics and measurement
methods for silica with ordered
nanopore array (SONA)
Spécification des caractéristiques et méthodes de mesure de la
silice à réseau de nanopores ordonnés (SONA)
Reference number
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Characteristics and measurement methods . 3
5.1 General .3
5.2 Descriptions of characteristics and measurement methods .3
5.2.1 General .3
5.2.2 Chemical composition content .4
5.2.3 Pore size .4
5.2.4 Pore size distribution .4
5.2.5 Specific pore volume .4
5.2.6 Specific surface area .4
5.2.7 Type of ordered nanopore array .5
5.2.8 Moisture content .5
5.2.9 Hydrate content .5
5.2.10 Stability .5
5.2.11 Morphology .6
5.2.12 Particle size .6
6 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Type of ordered nanopore array . 8
Annex B (informative) Evaluation of pore size distribution . 9
Bibliography .10
iii
Foreword
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iv
Introduction
Silica with ordered nanopore array (SONA) is expected to act as novel catalysts and adsorbents because
of the presence of their uniform nanopores. In addition to SONA, recently developed synthetic strategies
have created a huge number of compositional and morphological variations. Therefore, SONA is expected
to be applied in various fields such as electronics, optics and materials. They also have potential uses as
electrodes for fuel cells and hydrogen-storage materials, all of which are owing to the presence of periodic
nanopore and the physical properties of inorganic frameworks.
[1]-[5]
SONA, as described in the previous reports , has an amorphous structure like silica-gel and exhibits
a honeycomb (hexagonal), 3D (cubic) and wormhole (gyroid) pore structure (see Annex A) with ordered
cylindrical channels from 2 nm to 50 nm in diameter. The pores are constructed with thin silica walls which
are connected to form the regular pore arrangements. The delicate structures of silica walls and their
connected structures are influenced by their preparation, aging and storage conditions. The global SONA
market is anticipated to witness significant growth on account of a wide range of existing and potential
applications of the product in electronics, biomedical, drug delivery and optical fields. A market survey shows
[6]
extensive use of SONA in the chemical industry as a catalyst support for synthesis of various chemicals .
SONA have a variety of industrial applications as catalysts, adsorbents, molecular sieve, where their properties
and use cases highly depend on their production processes that affect their nanopore arrangements. They
do not have long-range SiO ordering confirmed by powdered X-ray diffraction, showing XRD peaks in low
angle region (see Annex A). Having the ability to characterize these materials helps developers adapt to
new research frontiers, such as bulky organometallic or inorganic complexes, biosensors from embedded
[7]-[8]
enzymes on nanostructured silica, to application in energy-efficient desiccation. Standardization of
SONA can unify different types of SONA test reports in industry. This allows users to compare or select most
suitable and qualified SONA for their applications.
v
Technical Specification ISO/TS 22298:2024(en)
Nanotechnologies — Silica nanomaterials — Specification
of characteristics and measurement methods for silica with
ordered nanopore array (SONA)
1 Scope
This document specifies the characteristics of samples of silica with ordered nanopore array (SONA) to
be measured in powder form and the industrially available measurement methods used to determine said
characteristics. This document provides a sound base for the research, development and commercialization
of SONA for various applications.
This document excludes silica-gel, fumed silica and chemically modified SONA.
NOTE The pore size of SONA ranges usually from one nanometre to several tens of nanometres.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
area equivalent diameter
diameter of a circle having the same area as the projected image of the particle
Note 1 to entry: It is also known as the Heywood diameter or as the equivalent circular diameter.
[SOURCE: ISO 13322-1:2014, 3.1.1]
3.2
Feret diameter
distance between two parallel tangents on opposite sides of the image of a particle
[SOURCE: ISO 13322-1:2014, 3.1.5]
3.3
nanopore
cavity with at least one dimension in the nanoscale (3.4), which can contain a gas or liquid
Note 1 to entry: The shape and content of the cavity can vary. The concept of nanopore overlaps with micropore (i.e.
pore with width of about 2 nm or less), mesopore (i.e. pore with width between approximately 2 nm and 50 nm), and
macropore (i.e. pore with width greater than about 50 nm).
Note 2 to entry: When nanopores are appropriately interconnected, they can allow for transport through the material
(i.e. permeability).
[SOURCE: SOURCE; ISO 80004-1:2023, 3.4.3, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been added.]
3.4
nanoscale
size range from approximately 1 nm to 100 nm
Note 1 to entry: Properties that are not extrapolations from a larger size will typically, but not exclusively, be exhibited
in this size range. For such properties, the size limits are considered approximate.
Note 2 to entry: The lower limit in this definition (approximately 1 nm) is introduced to avoid single and small groups
of atoms from being designated as nano-objects or elements of nanostructures, which can be implied by the absence
of a lower limit.
[SOURCE: ISO 80004-1:2023, 3.1.1, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been added.]
3.5
ordered nanopore array
nanopores (3.3) formed and arranged in a pattern according to the specified rule
Note 1 to entry: The ordered nanopore array can be fully or partially regular depending on the silica with ordered
nanopore array (3.7) sample.
Note 2 to entry: See Annex A for the types of pore array.
3.6
particle size
dimension that is representative of the size of an individual particle
Note 1 to entry: The particle size is usually expressed as Feret diameter or area equivalent diameter.
3.7
pore size
pore width, i.e. diameter of cylindrical pore or distance between opposite walls of slit
[SOURCE: ISO 15901-2:2022, 3.17]
3.8
pore size distribution
fraction by numbers or by volume of each classified pore size (3.7) which exists in a material
Note 1 to entry: The pore size distribution is usually expressed by the full width at half maximum of the distribution
main peak.
[SOURCE: ISO 3252:2023, 3.3.47, modified — "percentage" has been replaced with "fraction" in the definition
and Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.9
silica with ordered nanopore array
SONA
amorphous silica containing internal structures in the form of ordered nanopore array (3.5)
4 Abbreviated terms
AAS atomic absorption spectrometry
AFM atomic force microscopy
BET Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
BJH Barrett-Joyner-Halenda
EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry
EPMA electron probe micro analyser
ICP inductively coupled plasma
SEM scanning electron microscopy
TEM transmission electron microscopy
TGA thermal gravimetric analysis
XRD X-ray diffraction
XRF X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
See ISO/TS 80004-6 for the definitions of the abbreviated terms listed in this clause.
5 Characteristics and measurement methods
5.1 General
The characteristics to be measured or identified of a SONA sample and the applicable measurement methods
are listed in Tables 1 to 2. The essential characteristics listed in Table 1 shall be measured by using the listed
measu
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