ISO 10896-2:2016

Rough-terrain trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 2: Slewing trucks

ISO 10896-2:2016 specifies general safety requirements for slewing rough-terrain variable-reach trucks (hereafter known as "trucks"), consisting of a lower chassis with a slewing upper structure equipped with a telescopic lifting means (pivoted boom), on which a load handling device (e.g., carriage and fork arms) is typically fitted. Fork arms and other integrated attachments are considered to be parts of the truck. Other standards, in addition to the relevant provisions of this part of ISO 10896, can apply to the attachments. ISO 10896-2:2016 is not applicable to the following: a) rough terrain variable-reach trucks covered by ISO 10896‑1 (non-slewing); b) industrial variable-reach trucks covered by ISO 3691‑2; c) mobile cranes; d) machines designed primarily for earth-moving, such as loaders, even if their buckets are replaced by fork arms (see ISO 20474); e) trucks designed primarily with variable-length load suspension elements (e.g. chain, ropes) from which the load may swing freely in all directions; NOTE Additional requirements for trucks intended for freely swinging load applications, their lifting devices and attachments, and personnel/work platform applications on trucks, are being developed by ISO/TC 110/SC4. f) trucks designed primarily for container handling. The significant hazards covered by this part of ISO 10896 are listed in Annex A. This part of ISO 10896 does not address hazards that can occur - during manufacture, - when handling suspended loads, which may swing freely, - when lifting personnel, - when using trucks on public roads, - when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres, or - with a battery, LPG or hybrid as the primary power source.

Chariots tout-terrain — Exigences de sécurité et vérifications — Partie 2: Chariots rotatifs

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 15-Feb-2016
• ICS: 53.060 - Industrial trucks
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 110/SC 4 - Rough-terrain trucks
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 110/SC 4/WG 1 - Safety
• Current Stage: 9092 - International Standard to be revised
• Start Date: 02-Nov-2022
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Overview

ISO 10896-2:2016 - "Rough‑terrain trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 2: Slewing trucks" defines safety requirements and verification methods for slewing rough‑terrain variable‑reach trucks (telescopic pivoted‑boom trucks with a slewing upper structure). It covers design, protective measures, controls, systems verification and testing to reduce hazards during normal use and maintenance of these machines. The standard explicitly excludes non‑slewing variable‑reach trucks (ISO 10896‑1), industrial variable‑reach trucks (ISO 3691‑2), mobile cranes, earth‑moving machines, primarily swinging‑load rigs, and container handlers.

Key Topics

ISO 10896‑2 addresses technical and safety topics relevant to slewing rough‑terrain trucks, including:

• General safety design: sharp edges, stored‑energy components, boom extension/angle indicators
• Start/move prevention and unintended motion: unauthorized start, uncontrolled movement, parking brake requirements
• Brakes and drive systems: fail‑safe behaviour and energy‑supply failure considerations
• Electrical/electronic systems: protection degrees, wiring, over‑current devices, battery disconnection
• Controls and operator interfaces: steering, load‑handling, multi‑function controls, stabilizer and auxiliary hydraulic controls
• Hydraulic and lifting systems: hoses, chains/wire ropes, hydraulic safety, maximum lowering speeds, stroke limitations, quick couplers and attachments
• Stability, visibility and protective structures: ROPS/FOPS, fenders, guards, visibility requirements and external lighting
• Maintenance and serviceability: access, tiltable cab supports, piping and hose routing
• Verification and testing: functional checks, static and dynamic structural tests, load‑holding and lowering speed verification
• Information for use: operator manuals and safety signs

The standard also lists significant hazards in Annex A and excludes hazards such as suspended swinging loads, lifting personnel, public‑road use, potentially explosive atmospheres, and machines powered primarily by battery/LPG/hybrid systems.

Applications

ISO 10896‑2 is used by:

• Manufacturers and OEMs designing slewing rough‑terrain telescopic trucks to meet internationally recognized safety requirements
• Design and safety engineers specifying controls, brakes, hydraulics and structural integrity for off‑road telescopic machines
• Test laboratories and conformity assessors performing functional, static and dynamic verifications required for compliance
• Procurement teams and fleet managers writing safety and specification requirements for purchased equipment
• Maintenance and training departments who rely on standardised verification and information‑for‑use guidance

Practical benefits include improved operator safety, clearer design requirements for attachments, and consistent test methods for structural and functional verification.

Related Standards

• ISO 10896‑1 (non‑slewing rough‑terrain variable‑reach trucks)
• ISO 3691‑2 (industrial variable‑reach trucks)
• ISO 20474 (machines designed primarily for earth‑moving)
• Standards under development by ISO/TC 110/SC4 for freely swinging‑load and personnel/work‑platform applications

Keywords: ISO 10896-2, rough-terrain slewing trucks safety, slewing variable-reach trucks, telescopic boom truck safety, safety verification for rough-terrain trucks.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10896-2
First edition
Rough-terrain trucks — Safety
requirements and verification —
Part 2:
Slewing trucks
Chariots tout-terrain — Exigences de sécurité et vérifications —
Partie 2: Chariots rotatifs
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 3
4 Requirements . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.1.1 Sharp edges and acute angles . 8
4.1.2 Stored energy components . 8
4.1.3 Boom extension and angle indicators. 8
4.2 Starting/moving. 8
4.2.1 Unauthorized starting . 8
4.2.2 Unintended movement . 9
4.2.3 Uncontrolled motion . 9
4.2.4 Powered travel movement. 9
4.2.5 Non-activation of the parking brake . 9
4.2.6 Inching pedal . 9
4.3 Brakes . 9
4.3.1 General. 9
4.3.2 Failure of energy supply . 9
4.4 Electrical and electronic systems .10
4.4.1 General.10
4.4.2 Degree of protection .10
4.4.3 Electrical connections .10
4.4.4 Over-current protective devices .10
4.4.5 Batteries .10
4.4.6 Battery disconnection .10
4.5 Controls .11
4.5.1 General.11
4.5.2 Differential locking . . .11
4.5.3 Steering controls .12
4.5.4 Load-handling controls .13
4.5.5 Multi-function controls .13
4.5.6 Stabilizing device control .13
4.5.7 Sway/levelling control .14
4.5.8 Axle oscillation locking .14
4.5.9 Auxiliary hydraulic control .14
4.6 Power systems and accessories.14
4.6.1 Exhaust systems .14
4.6.2 Cooling systems .14
4.6.3 Tanks and pressure vessels .14
4.7 Stabilizing devices .15
4.8 Design requirements for maintenance purposes .15
4.8.1 General.15
4.8.2 Tiltable cab support device .16
4.9 Systems for lifting, tilting and reaching .16
4.9.1 Chains and wire ropes .16
4.9.2 Hydraulic system .17
4.9.3 Maximum load-lowering speed .17
4.9.4 Limitation of stroke .17
4.9.5 Fork arms, attachments, and quick couplers .18
4.9.6 Slewing brake .18
4.10 Normal operating position .18
ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
4.10.1 General requirements .18
4.10.2 Storage of operator’s manual .18
4.10.3 Hot parts .18
4.10.4 Pipes and hoses .18
4.10.5 Normal operating position equipped with enclosed cab .18
4.10.6 Operator’s seat .20
4.10.7 Control panels and symbols on displays .21
4.11 Operator access .22
4.11.1 General requirements .22
4.11.2 Enclosed cab openings . .22
4.12 Protective measures and devices .23
4.12.1 Hot parts .23
4.12.2 Protection against crushing, shearing, and trapping .23
4.12.3 Guards .23
4.12.4 Safety signs .23
4.12.5 Engine compartment . .23
4.12.6 Fenders .23
4.12.7 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) and falling object protective
structures (FOPS) .23
4.12.8 Tiltable cab . . .24
4.12.9 Audible warning devices .24
4.13 Stability .24
4.14 Visibility .24
4.15 External lighting devices .24
4.16 Fire protection .24
4.16.1 Fire resistance .24
4.16.2 Fire extinguisher .24
4.17 Retrieval, transportation, lifting, and towing .24
4.17.1 General.24
4.17.2 Retrieval .24
4.17.3 Tie-down .25
4.17.4 Lifting . .25
4.17.5 Towing .25
4.17.6 Transportation .25
4.18 Noise .25
4.19 Structural calculations.25
4.19.1 General.25
4.19.2 Loads and forces.25
4.19.3 Calculations .27
5 Verification of requirements and safety measures .28
5.1 General .28
5.2 Functional verification .28
5.3 Structural verification .28
5.3.1 Test loads .28
5.3.2 Static test .29
5.3.3 Dynamic testing .29
5.4 Maximum load-lowering speed verification .30
5.5 Load holding.30
6 Information for use .30
6.1 General .30
6.2 Operator’s and maintenance manuals .30
6.3 Marking .32
6.4 Load charts .33
6.4.1 Trucks with load-carrying attachments .33
6.4.2 Trucks with non-load-carrying attachments .34
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards .35
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ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
Annex B (normative) Attachments and quick couplers.40
Annex C (informative) Consistency of direction of motion for load-handling controls .43
Annex D (informative) Examples of regular and occasional loads .45
Bibliography .46
ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 110, Industrial trucks, Subcommittee SC 4,
Rough-terrain trucks.
ISO 10896 consists of the following parts, under the general title Rough-terrain trucks — Safety
requirements and verification:
— Part 1: Variable-reach trucks
— Part 2: Slewing trucks
— Part 4: Additional requirements for variable-reach trucks handling freely suspended loads
— Part 5: Interface between rough-terrain truck and integrated personnel work platform
— Part 6: Tilting operator’s cabs
The following part is under preparation:
— Part 7: Longitudinal load moment systems
Lorry-mounted trucks are to form the subject of a specific series, ISO 20297.
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ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
Introduction
Variable-reach trucks are known by a variety of terms, including “telehandlers” and “multi-purpose
handlers”.
The variable-reach rough-terrain trucks covered by this part of ISO 10896 are designed to transport
loads to and place them on elevated work areas and can be driven on unimproved or disturbed terrain.
They can also be equipped with a variety of attachments (e.g. mowers, sweepers).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
Rough-terrain trucks — Safety requirements and
verification —
Part 2:
Slewing trucks
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10896 specifies general safety requirements for slewing variable-reach rough-terrain
trucks (hereafter known as “trucks”), consisting of a lower chassis with a slewing upper structure
equipped with a telescopic lifting means (pivoted boom), on which a load handling device (e.g., carriage
and fork arms) is typically fitted. Fork arms and other integrated attachments are considered to be
parts of the truck.
Other standards, in addition to the relevant provisions of this part of ISO 10896, can apply to the
attachments.
This part of ISO 10896 is not applicable to the following:
a) variable-reach rough terrain trucks covered by ISO 10896-1 (non-slewing);
b) industrial variable-reach trucks covered by ISO 3691-2;
c) mobile cranes;
d) machines designed primarily for earth-moving, such as loaders, even if their buckets are replaced
by fork arms (see ISO 20474);
e) trucks designed primarily with variable-length load suspension elements (e.g. chain, ropes) from
which the load may swing freely in all directions;
NOTE Additional requirements for trucks intended for freely swinging load applications, their lifting
devices and attachments, and personnel/work platform applications on trucks, are being developed by
ISO/TC 110/SC4.
f) trucks designed primarily for container handling.
The significant hazards covered by this part of ISO 10896 are listed in Annex A. This part of ISO 10896
does not address hazards that can occur
— during manufacture,
— when handling suspended loads, which may swing freely,
— when lifting personnel,
— when using trucks on public roads,
— when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres, or
— with a battery, LPG or hybrid as the primary power source.
ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2328, Fork-lift trucks — Hook-on type fork arms and fork arm carriages — Mounting dimensions
ISO 2330, Fork-lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing
ISO 2867:2011, Earth-moving machinery — Access systems
ISO 3449, Earth-moving machinery — Falling-object protective structures — Laboratory tests and
performance requirements
ISO 3457, Earth-moving machinery — Guards — Definitions and requirements
ISO 3471:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Roll-over protective structures — Laboratory tests and
performance requirements
ISO 3795, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of
burning behaviour of interior materials
ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components
1)
ISO 5053 , Powered industrial trucks — Terminology
ISO 5353, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat index
point
ISO 6292, Powered industrial trucks and tractors — Brake performance and component strength
ISO 6682, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls
ISO 6683, Earth-moving machinery — Seat belts and seat belt anchorages — Performance requirements
and tests
2)
ISO 7000 , Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Registered symbols
ISO 7096:2000, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
ISO 9244, Earth-moving machinery — Machinery safety labels — General principles
ISO 9533, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted audible travel alarms and forward horns — Test
methods and performance criteria
ISO 10263-3, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 3: Pressurization test
method
ISO 10263-4, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 4: Heating, ventilating
and air conditioning (HVAC) test method and performance
ISO 11112:1995+A1:2001, Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s seat — Dimensions and requirements.
ISO 12508, Earth-moving machinery — Operator station and maintenance areas — Bluntness of edges
ISO 13284, Fork-lift trucks — Fork-arm extensions and telescopic fork arms — Technical characteristics
and strength requirements
1) Withdrawn and replaced by ISO 5053-1.
2) The database on Graphical Symbols for Use on Equipment contains the complete set of graphical symbols
included in IEC 60417 and ISO 7000: http://www.graphical-symbols.info/.
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ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
ISO 13732-1, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human responses to
contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design
ISO 13857, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs
ISO 15817, Earth-moving machinery — Safety requirements for remote operator control
ISO 15870, Powered industrial trucks — Safety signs and hazard pictorials — General principles
ISO 16528-1, Boilers and pressure vessels — Part 1: Performance requirements
ISO 16528-2, Boilers and pressure vessels — Part 2: Procedures for fulfilling the requirements of ISO 16528-1
ISO 21507, Earth-moving machinery — Performance requirements for non-metallic fuel tanks
ISO 22915-10, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 10: Additional stability test for trucks
operating in the special condition of stacking with load laterally displaced by powered devices
ISO 22915-20, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 20: Additional stability test for trucks
operating in the special condition of offset load, offset by utilization
ISO 22915-24, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 24: Slewing variable-reach rough-
terrain trucks
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053 and the following apply.
3.1
rough-terrain truck
truck designed for operation on unimproved natural terrain as well as the disturbed terrain of work sites
3.2
slewing variable-reach truck
variable reach truck with an upper structure which can rotate around a vertical axis of the chassis in a
circular motion greater than 5° either side of the longitudinal axis of the truck
3.3
actual capacity
maximum load, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and truck stability, that
the truck can carry, lift, and stack to a specified height, at a specified load centre distance and reach, in
normal operating conditions
Note 1 to entry: The actual capacity depends on the configuration of the truck in terms of such variables as
the following:
— lift height;
— reach of the boom (measured from the centre of slewing of the rotating upper structure);
— slewing position;
— actual load centre;
— load handling device (fork arms or attachment fitted);
ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
— stabilizing devices.
Note 2 to entry: This actual capacity defines the load handling ability of the particular truck as equipped.
Additional actual capacity ratings with removable attachments may also be established where permitted by the
appropriate stability test or by calculation verified by empirical data.
3.4
reach
d
normal distance between the axis of rotation of the upper structure and the vertical plane including G
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the upper structure
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: The centre-of-gravity of the load (G) is defined in Table 1.
3.5
rated capacity
Q
maximum load permitted by the manufacturer at the standard load centre distance that the
truck is capable of lifting and transporting on fork arms (3.13) in normal conditions with the boom
fully retracted
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.6
rated capacity
maximum load that the attachment is permitted by its manufacturer to handle in normal
operation under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: The rated capacity of the attachment can be associated with the load centre distance. See Table 1.
3.7
lift height
H
height from the ground to the upper face of the fork arms or underside of the load, whichever is the lower
3.8
standard load centre distance
D
distance from the centre of gravity of the load, horizontally rearwards to the front of the fork shanks
and vertically downwards to the upper faces of the fork arms (3.13)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Table 1 gives standard load centre distances in relation to their rated capacities.
3.9
effective thickness
ET
horizontal shift in the standard load centre that may occur when removable attachments are added to
a truck
Note 1 to entry: Effective thickness is also known as lost load (LL) or lost load centre (LLC).
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ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
D
G
g
Q
d
D
G
g
Q2
D
D
G
G
g
g
Q1
Q3
d
Key
d reach
D standard load centre distance
G centre of gravity of the load
g vertical projection of the centre-of-gravity (G) of the load onto the plane of the top surface of the fork arms
Q rated capacity
Q actual capacity at maximum height
Q actual capacity at maximum reach
Figure 1 — Parameters for the designation of the actual capacity of the truck with fork arms
ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
Table 1 — Standard load centre distances and rated capacities
Rated capacity Standard load centre distance
Q D
kg mm
400 500 600 900 1 200
a
0 <1 000 X X
c b
≥1 000 <5 000 X X
≥5 000 <10 000 X
≥10 000 <20 000 X X X
≥20 000 <25 000 X X
≥25 000 X
NOTE  Trucks may be rated for special applications with load centres related to those applications.
a
600 mm is used in the USA.
b
600 mm is used in Asia, Australia, and the USA.
c
500 mm is typically used in Europe.
3.10
axle oscillation locking-mechanism
mechanism designed to lock oscillation of an axle to improve truck stability
3.11
stabilizing devices
extendable and/or pivoting mechanical supports used to improve the stability of a truck when stationary
3.12
adjustable levelling
setting the plane inclination angle between the chassis and the ground to ensure the boom operates in
a vertical plane when the truck is positioned on a slope
3.13
fork arms
device comprising two or more solid fork arms, each consisting of a shank (vertical portion) and blade,
which is hook- or shaft-mounted, fitted on the carriage
3.14
boom
pivoting support member that permits horizontal and vertical placement of the load or attachment
3.15
crab steering mode
steering mode where all wheels of the truck steer in the same direction
3.16
normal operating position
position specified by the manufacturer in which the operator is able to control the truck operations,
including load-handling functions
Note 1 to entry: Other positions may be necessary if it is not possible to control all the functions of the truck from
a single position.
3.17
attachment
component or assembly of components which can be mounted on the quick coupler (3.18) for a specific use
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ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
3.18
quick coupler
device fitted at the end of the boom to connect and lock interchangeable attachments (3.17) without the
use of a tool to facilitate quick interchange of attachments
3.19
forward aligned position
configuration of the truck in which the longitudinal mid-axis of the slewing upper structure is aligned
with the longitudinal mid-axis of the chassis and where the telescopic boom is oriented toward the
front of the truck as defined by the manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Figure 2 — Forward aligned position
3.20
rearward aligned position
configuration of the truck in which the longitudinal mid-axis of the slewing upper structure is aligned
with the longitudinal mid-axis of the chassis and where the telescopic boom is oriented toward the back
of the machine as defined by the manufacturer
3.21
forward position
configuration of the truck in which the longitudinal mid-axis of the slewing upper structure is rotated
at an angle between −90° and +90° to the forward aligned position
3.22
load indicating device
LID
device that warns the operator when the truck load moment limits, pre-determined by the manufacturer,
are approached/reached as a consequence of a change to the load handling geometry, and/or warns
when overloading
ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
3.23
load limiting device
LLD
device that prevents the operator changing the load handling geometry in direction(s) which would
increase the load moment beyond the limits permitted by the manufacturer, and/or prevents overloading
3.24
load handling geometry
relationship of points, lines, and angles, described by the position of the load centre of gravity (the
position of the boom, carriage and attachment, and slewing angle where applicable) and tipping line (on
wheels or stabilizers)
3.25
boom float
control mode that uses gravity to allow an attachment (3.17) at the end of the boom to follow a contour
(e.g. the ground)
3.26
maximum working pressure
highest pressure at which a hydraulic circuit is intended to operate under normal operating conditions
3.27
level ground
ground with a gradient of (0 ± 2) %
3.28
hybrid
truck powered using two or more distinct power sources
4 Requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Sharp edges and acute angles
Sharp edges and acute angles shall meet the requirements specified in ISO 12508 in areas to which the
operator can be exposed during operation, access, egress, and daily maintenance.
4.1.2 Stored energy components
Components that store energy and can cause a risk of injury during removal or disassembly, e.g.
hydraulic accumulators and spring-applied brakes, shall be provided with a means to release the energy
before removal or disassembly and shall be clearly marked.
4.1.3 Boom extension and angle indicators
Visual indication shall be given to the operator on actual boom angle and extension.
4.2 Starting/moving
4.2.1 Unauthorized starting
All trucks shall be provided with a device (e.g. key, key pad, magnetic card) that prevents starting
without the use of such device.
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ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
4.2.2 Unintended movement
Trucks shall be fitted with a device which prevents the engine being started while the drive system is
engaged.
When the drive system direction control is in neutral, provisions shall be made to locate and maintain
it in its neutral position.
4.2.3 Uncontrolled motion
The truck shall not move from rest, on level ground, until the drive system has been engaged.
4.2.4 Powered travel movement
Means shall be provided to prevent powered travel when the operator is not in the normal operating
position.
Powered travel shall not occur automatically when the operator returns to the normal operating
position without an additional operation, e.g. by reset of the direction control to neutral.
Application of the parking brake shall apply neutral travel control except on trucks with hydrostatic
transmission.
NOTE On trucks with hydrostatic transmission, the transmission system achieves the same objective.
4.2.5 Non-activation of the parking brake
Means shall be provided to warn the operator, if he/she leaves the normal operating position when the
parking brake is not applied.
4.2.6 Inching pedal
If an inching pedal is fitted, it shall be depressed to modulate the transmission and may apply the
service brake. It shall be capable of being operated by the operator’s left foot. If there is no separate
means of applying the service brake, the inching pedal shall be a single pedal capable of being operated
equally by either foot.
4.3 Brakes
4.3.1 General
Trucks shall be equipped with service brake(s), secondary brake(s), and parking brake systems,
complying with the requirements in ISO 6292 and with the following requirements.
NOTE Local road regulations apply when trucks are used on roads.
— Where electromechanical parking brake systems are fitted, the breaking device shall be applied
mechanically and released electrically.
— Where hydromechanical parking brake systems are fitted, the braking device shall be applied
mechanically and released hydraulically.
— When the operator manually releases the parking brake from the normal operating position, it shall
not disable the service brakes.
4.3.2 Failure of energy supply
Failure of the energy supply shall not result in loss of braking for automatically applied brakes.
ISO 10896-2:2015(E)
4.4 Electrical and electronic systems
4.4.1 General
Electrical components and conductors shall be installed in such a way as to minimize damage from
exposure to environmental conditions (corresponding to the use of the truck intended by the
manufacturer) that can cause deterioration.
Electrical component insulation shall have flame-retardant properties. Means to prevent abrasion of
electrical component insulation shall be provided, e.g. when routed through frames and bulkheads.
Electrical wires/cables not protected by over-current devices shall not be routed such that they are in
contact with pipes and hoses containing fuel.
4.4.2 Degree of protection
Depending on the location/installation of electrical and electronic components, the following degrees
of protection are required:
a) all components installed on the truck’s exterior or directly exposed to the environment shall have a
minimum degree of protection corresponding to IP55 (according to IEC 60529);
b) all components installed in the operator’s enclosed cab or protected against the environment shall
have a minimum degree of protection that corresponds to IP 43 (according to IEC 60529).
4.4.3 Electrical connections
Electric wires and cables used to connect components in electric circuits shall be marked and identified
using IEC 60204-1as guidance.
This requirement does not apply to electrical circuits used for anti-theft systems when fitted.
4.4.4 Over-current protective devices
Electric equipment, except the starter motor, alternator, and combustion pre-heater, shall be protected
by an over-current device (e.g. fuse) or other device giving the same protection.
4.4.5 Batteries
Batteries shall be securely mounted in a ventilated location that provides access for maintenance.
Batteries and/or battery locations shall be designed and built or covered to minimize any hazard to the
operator caused by battery acid or acid vapours in the event of overturning the truck.
Electrically energized wires and cables (not connected to the frame) and connectors shall be covered
with insulation material.
4.4.6 Battery disconnection
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10896-2
First edition
2016-02-15
Rough-terrain trucks — Safety
requirements and verification —
Part 2:
Slewing trucks
Chariots tout-terrain — Exigences de sécurité et vérifications —
Partie 2: Chariots rotatifs
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 3
4 Requirements . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.1.1 Sharp edges and acute angles . 8
4.1.2 Stored energy components . 8
4.1.3 Boom extension and angle indicators. 8
4.2 Starting/moving. 8
4.2.1 Unauthorized starting . 8
4.2.2 Unintended movement . 9
4.2.3 Uncontrolled motion . 9
4.2.4 Powered travel movement. 9
4.2.5 Non-activation of the parking brake . 9
4.2.6 Inching pedal . 9
4.3 Brakes . 9
4.3.1 General. 9
4.3.2 Failure of energy supply . 9
4.4 Electrical and electronic systems .10
4.4.1 General.10
4.4.2 Degree of protection .10
4.4.3 Electrical connections .10
4.4.4 Over-current protective devices .10
4.4.5 Batteries .10
4.4.6 Battery disconnection .10
4.5 Controls .11
4.5.1 General.11
4.5.2 Differential locking . . .11
4.5.3 Steering controls .12
4.5.4 Load-handling controls .13
4.5.5 Multi-function controls .13
4.5.6 Stabilizing device control .13
4.5.7 Sway/levelling control .14
4.5.8 Axle oscillation locking .14
4.5.9 Auxiliary hydraulic control .14
4.6 Power systems and accessories.14
4.6.1 Exhaust systems .14
4.6.2 Cooling systems .14
4.6.3 Tanks and pressure vessels .14
4.7 Stabilizing devices .15
4.8 Design requirements for maintenance purposes .15
4.8.1 General.15
4.8.2 Tiltable cab support device .16
4.9 Systems for lifting, tilting and reaching .16
4.9.1 Chains and wire ropes .16
4.9.2 Hydraulic system .17
4.9.3 Maximum load-lowering speed .17
4.9.4 Limitation of stroke .17
4.9.5 Fork arms, attachments, and quick couplers .18
4.9.6 Slewing brake .18
4.10 Normal operating position .18
4.10.1 General requirements .18
4.10.2 Storage of operator’s manual .18
4.10.3 Hot parts .18
4.10.4 Pipes and hoses .18
4.10.5 Normal operating position equipped with enclosed cab .18
4.10.6 Operator’s seat .20
4.10.7 Control panels and symbols on displays .21
4.11 Operator access .22
4.11.1 General requirements .22
4.11.2 Enclosed cab openings . .22
4.12 Protective measures and devices .23
4.12.1 Hot parts .23
4.12.2 Protection against crushing, shearing, and trapping .23
4.12.3 Guards .23
4.12.4 Safety signs .23
4.12.5 Engine compartment . .23
4.12.6 Fenders .23
4.12.7 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) and falling object protective
structures (FOPS) .23
4.12.8 Tiltable cab . . .24
4.12.9 Audible warning devices .24
4.13 Stability .24
4.14 Visibility .24
4.15 External lighting devices .24
4.16 Fire protection .24
4.16.1 Fire resistance .24
4.16.2 Fire extinguisher .24
4.17 Retrieval, transportation, lifting, and towing .24
4.17.1 General.24
4.17.2 Retrieval .24
4.17.3 Tie-down .25
4.17.4 Lifting . .25
4.17.5 Towing .25
4.17.6 Transportation .25
4.18 Noise .25
4.19 Structural calculations.25
4.19.1 General.25
4.19.2 Loads and forces.25
4.19.3 Calculations .27
5 Verification of requirements and safety measures .28
5.1 General .28
5.2 Functional verification .28
5.3 Structural verification .28
5.3.1 Test loads .28
5.3.2 Static test .29
5.3.3 Dynamic testing .29
5.4 Maximum load-lowering speed verification .30
5.5 Load holding.30
6 Information for use .30
6.1 General .30
6.2 Operator’s and maintenance manuals .30
6.3 Marking .32
6.4 Load charts .33
6.4.1 Trucks with load-carrying attachments .33
6.4.2 Trucks with non-load-carrying attachments .34
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards.35
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Annex B (normative) Attachments and quick couplers .40
Annex C (informative) Consistency of direction of motion for load-handling controls .43
Annex D (informative) Examples of regular and occasional loads .45
Bibliography .46
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 110, Industrial trucks, Subcommittee SC 4,
Rough-terrain trucks.
ISO 10896 consists of the following parts, under the general title Rough-terrain trucks — Safety
requirements and verification:
— Part 1: Variable-reach trucks
— Part 2: Slewing trucks
— Part 4: Additional requirements for variable-reach trucks handling freely suspended loads
— Part 5: Interface between rough-terrain truck and integrated personnel work platform
— Part 6: Tilting operator’s cabs
— Part 7: Longitudinal load moment systems
Safety requirements and verification of lorry-mounted trucks is addressed by ISO 20297-1.
vi © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Variable-reach trucks are known by a variety of terms, including “telehandlers” and “multi-purpose
handlers”.
The rough-terrain variable-reach trucks covered by this part of ISO 10896 are designed to transport
loads to and place them on elevated work areas and can be driven on unimproved or disturbed terrain.
They can also be equipped with a variety of attachments (e.g. mowers, sweepers).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10896-2:2016(E)
Rough-terrain trucks — Safety requirements and
verification —
Part 2:
Slewing trucks
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10896 specifies general safety requirements for slewing rough-terrain variable-reach
trucks (hereafter known as “trucks”), consisting of a lower chassis with a slewing upper structure
equipped with a telescopic lifting means (pivoted boom), on which a load handling device (e.g., carriage
and fork arms) is typically fitted. Fork arms and other integrated attachments are considered to be
parts of the truck.
Other standards, in addition to the relevant provisions of this part of ISO 10896, can apply to the
attachments.
This part of ISO 10896 is not applicable to the following:
a) rough terrain variable-reach trucks covered by ISO 10896-1 (non-slewing);
b) industrial variable-reach trucks covered by ISO 3691-2;
c) mobile cranes;
d) machines designed primarily for earth-moving, such as loaders, even if their buckets are replaced
by fork arms (see ISO 20474);
e) trucks designed primarily with variable-length load suspension elements (e.g. chain, ropes) from
which the load may swing freely in all directions;
NOTE Additional requirements for trucks intended for freely swinging load applications, their lifting
devices and attachments, and personnel/work platform applications on trucks, are being developed by
ISO/TC 110/SC4.
f) trucks designed primarily for container handling.
The significant hazards covered by this part of ISO 10896 are listed in Annex A. This part of ISO 10896
does not address hazards that can occur
— during manufacture,
— when handling suspended loads, which may swing freely,
— when lifting personnel,
— when using trucks on public roads,
— when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres, or
— with a battery, LPG or hybrid as the primary power source.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2328, Fork-lift trucks — Hook-on type fork arms and fork arm carriages — Mounting dimensions
ISO 2330, Fork-lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing
ISO 2867:2011, Earth-moving machinery — Access systems
ISO 3449, Earth-moving machinery — Falling-object protective structures — Laboratory tests and
performance requirements
ISO 3457, Earth-moving machinery — Guards — Definitions and requirements
ISO 3471:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Roll-over protective structures — Laboratory tests and
performance requirements
ISO 3795, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of
burning behaviour of interior materials
ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components
ISO 5053-1, Powered industrial trucks — Terminology and classification — Part 1: Types of industrial trucks
ISO 5353, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat
index point
ISO 6292, Powered industrial trucks and tractors — Brake performance and component strength
ISO 6682, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls
ISO 6683, Earth-moving machinery — Seat belts and seat belt anchorages — Performance requirements
and tests
1)
ISO 7000 , Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Registered symbols
ISO 7096, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
ISO 9244, Earth-moving machinery — Machinery safety labels — General principles
ISO 9533, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted audible travel alarms and forward horns — Test
methods and performance criteria
ISO 10263-3, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 3: Pressurization
test method
ISO 10263-4, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 4: Heating, ventilating
and air conditioning (HVAC) test method and performance
ISO 11112, Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s seat — Dimensions and requirements
ISO 12508, Earth-moving machinery — Operator station and maintenance areas — Bluntness of edges
ISO 13284, Fork-lift trucks — Fork-arm extensions and telescopic fork arms — Technical characteristics
and strength requirements
ISO 13732-1, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human responses to
contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces
1) The database on Graphical Symbols for Use on Equipment contains the complete set of graphical symbols
included in IEC 60417 and ISO 7000: http://www.graphical-symbols.info/.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles
for design
ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design
ISO 13857, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and
lower limbs
ISO 15817, Earth-moving machinery — Safety requirements for remote operator control
ISO 15870, Powered industrial trucks — Safety signs and hazard pictorials — General principles
ISO 16528-1, Boilers and pressure vessels — Part 1: Performance requirements
ISO 16528-2, Boilers and pressure vessels — Part 2: Procedures for fulfilling the requirements of ISO 16528-1
ISO 21507, Earth-moving machinery — Performance requirements for non-metallic fuel tanks
ISO 22915-10, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 10: Additional stability test for trucks
operating in the special condition of stacking with load laterally displaced by powered devices
ISO 22915-20, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 20: Additional stability test for trucks
operating in the special condition of offset load, offset by utilization
ISO 22915-24, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 24: Slewing variable-reach rough-
terrain trucks
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053-1 and the following apply.
3.1
rough-terrain variable-reach truck
variable-reach truck intended primarily for operation on unimproved natural terrain and on the
disturbed terrain of, for example, construction sites
[SOURCE: ISO 5053-1:2015, 3.21]
3.2
slewing rough-terrain variable-reach truck
rough-terrain variable-reach truck (3.1) with an upper structure which can rotate around a vertical axis
of the chassis in a circular motion greater than 5° either side of the longitudinal axis of the truck
[SOURCE: ISO 5053-1:2015, 3.22]
3.3
actual capacity
maximum load, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and truck stability, that
the truck can carry, lift, and stack to a specified height, at a specified load centre distance and reach, in
normal operating conditions
Note 1 to entry: The actual capacity depends on the configuration of the truck in terms of such variables as the
following:
— lift height;
— reach of the boom (measured from the centre of slewing of the rotating upper structure);
— slewing position;
— actual load centre;
— load handling device (fork arms or attachment fitted);
— stabilizing devices.
Note 2 to entry: This actual capacity defines the load handling ability of the particular truck as equipped.
Additional actual capacity ratings with removable attachments may also be established where permitted by the
appropriate stability test or by calculation verified by empirical data.
3.4
reach
d
normal distance between the axis of rotation of the upper structure and the vertical plane including G
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the upper structure
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: The centre-of-gravity of the load (G) is defined in Table 1.
3.5
rated capacity
Q
maximum load permitted by the manufacturer at the standard load centre distance that the
truck is capable of lifting and transporting on fork arms (3.13) in normal conditions with the boom fully
retracted
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.6
rated capacity
maximum load that the attachment is permitted by its manufacturer to handle in normal
operation under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: The rated capacity of the attachment can be associated with the load centre distance. See Table 1.
3.7
lift height
H
height from the ground to the upper face of the fork arms or underside of the load, whichever is the lower
3.8
standard load centre distance
D
distance from the centre of gravity of the load, horizontally rearwards to the front of the fork shanks
and vertically downwards to the upper faces of the fork arms (3.13)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Table 1 gives standard load centre distances in relation to their rated capacities.
3.9
effective thickness
ET
horizontal shift in the standard load centre that may occur when removable attachments are added
to a truck
Note 1 to entry: Effective thickness is also known as lost load (LL) or lost load centre (LLC).
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

D
G
g
Q
d
D
G
g
Q2
D
D
G
G
g
g
Q1
Q3
d
Key
d reach
D standard load centre distance
G centre of gravity of the load
g vertical projection of the centre-of-gravity (G) of the load onto the plane of the top surface of the fork arms
Q rated capacity
Q actual capacity at maximum height
Q actual capacity at maximum reach
Figure 1 — Parameters for the designation of the actual capacity of the truck with fork arms
Table 1 — Standard load centre distances and rated capacities
Rated capacity Standard load centre distance
Q D
kg mm
400 500 600 900 1 200
a
0 <1 000 X X
c b
≥1 000 <5 000 X X
≥5 000 <10 000 X
≥10 000 <20 000 X X X
≥20 000 <25 000  X X
≥25 000  X
NOTE  Trucks may be rated for special applications with load centres related to those applications.
a
600 mm is used in the USA.
b
600 mm is used in Asia, Australia, and the USA.
c
500 mm is typically used in Europe.
3.10
axle oscillation locking-mechanism
mechanism designed to lock oscillation of an axle to improve truck stability
3.11
stabilizing devices
extendable and/or pivoting mechanical supports used to improve the stability of a truck when
stationary
3.12
adjustable levelling
setting the plane inclination angle between the chassis and the ground to ensure the boom operates in
a vertical plane when the truck is positioned on a slope
3.13
fork arms
device comprising two or more solid fork arms, each consisting of a shank (vertical portion) and blade,
which is hook- or shaft-mounted, fitted on the carriage
3.14
boom
pivoting support member that permits horizontal and vertical placement of the load or attachment
3.15
crab steering mode
steering mode where all wheels of the truck steer in the same direction
3.16
normal operating position
position specified by the manufacturer in which the operator is able to control the truck operations,
including load-handling functions
Note 1 to entry: Other positions may be necessary if it is not possible to control all the functions of the truck from
a single position.
3.17
attachment
component or assembly of components which can be mounted on the quick coupler (3.18) for a specific use
6 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

3.18
quick coupler
device fitted at the end of the boom to connect and lock interchangeable attachments (3.17) without the
use of a tool to facilitate quick interchange of attachments
3.19
forward aligned position
configuration of the truck in which the longitudinal mid-axis of the slewing upper structure is aligned
with the longitudinal mid-axis of the chassis and where the telescopic boom is oriented toward the
front of the truck as defined by the manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Figure 2 — Forward aligned position
3.20
rearward aligned position
configuration of the truck in which the longitudinal mid-axis of the slewing upper structure is aligned
with the longitudinal mid-axis of the chassis and where the telescopic boom is oriented toward the back
of the machine as defined by the manufacturer
3.21
forward position
configuration of the truck in which the longitudinal mid-axis of the slewing upper structure is rotated
at an angle between −90° and +90° to the forward aligned position
3.22
load indicating device
LID
device that warns the operator when the truck load moment limits, pre-determined by the manufacturer,
are approached/reached as a consequence of a change to the load handling geometry, and/or warns
when overloading
3.23
load limiting device
LLD
device that prevents the operator changing the load handling geometry in direction(s) which would
increase the load moment beyond the limits permitted by the manufacturer, and/or prevents
overloading
3.24
load handling geometry
relationship of points, lines, and angles, described by the position of the load centre of gravity (the
position of the boom, carriage and attachment, and slewing angle where applicable) and tipping line (on
wheels or stabilizers)
3.25
boom float
control mode that uses gravity to allow an attachment (3.17) at the end of the boom to follow a contour
(e.g. the ground)
3.26
maximum working pressure
highest pressure at which a hydraulic circuit is intended to operate under normal operating conditions
3.27
level ground
ground with a gradient of (0 ± 2) %
3.28
hybrid
truck powered using two or more distinct power sources
4 Requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Sharp edges and acute angles
Sharp edges and acute angles shall meet the requirements specified in ISO 12508 in areas to which the
operator can be exposed during operation, access, egress, and daily maintenance.
4.1.2 Stored energy components
Components that store energy and can cause a risk of injury during removal or disassembly, e.g.
hydraulic accumulators and spring-applied brakes, shall be provided with a means to release the energy
before removal or disassembly and shall be clearly marked.
4.1.3 Boom extension and angle indicators
Visual indication shall be given to the operator on actual boom angle and extension.
4.2 Starting/moving
4.2.1 Unauthorized starting
All trucks shall be provided with a device (e.g. key, key pad, magnetic card) that prevents starting
without the use of such device.
8 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

4.2.2 Unintended movement
Trucks shall be fitted with a device which prevents the engine being started while the drive system is
engaged.
When the drive system direction control is in neutral, provisions shall be made to locate and maintain
it in its neutral position.
4.2.3 Uncontrolled motion
The truck shall not move from rest, on level ground, until the drive system has been engaged.
4.2.4 Powered travel movement
Means shall be provided to prevent powered travel when the operator is not in the normal operating
position.
Powered travel shall not occur automatically when the operator returns to the normal operating
position without an additional operation, e.g. by reset of the direction control to neutral.
Application of the parking brake shall apply neutral travel control except on trucks with hydrostatic
transmission.
NOTE On trucks with hydrostatic transmission, the transmission system achieves the same objective.
4.2.5 Non-activation of the parking brake
Means shall be provided to warn the operator, if he/she leaves the normal operating position when the
parking brake is not applied.
4.2.6 Inching pedal
If an inching pedal is fitted, it shall be depressed to modulate the transmission and may apply the
service brake. It shall be capable of being operated by the operator’s left foot. If there is no separate
means of applying the service brake, the inching pedal shall be a single pedal capable of being operated
equally by either foot.
4.3 Brakes
4.3.1 General
Trucks shall be equipped with service brake(s), secondary brake(s), and parking brake systems,
complying with the requirements in ISO 6292 and with the following requirements.
NOTE Local road regulations apply when trucks are used on roads.
— Where electromechanical parking brake systems are fitted, the braking device shall be applied
mechanically and released electrically.
— Where hydromechanical parking brake systems are fitted, the braking device shall be applied
mechanically and released hydraulically.
— When the operator manually releases the parking brake from the normal operating position, it shall
not disable the service brakes.
4.3.2 Failure of energy supply
Failure of the energy supply shall not result in loss of braking for automatically applied brakes.
4.4 Electrical and electronic systems
4.4.1 General
Electrical components and conductors shall be installed in such a way as to minimize damage from
exposure to environmental conditions (corresponding to the use of the truck intended by the
manufacturer) that can cause deterioration.
Electrical component insulation shall have flame-retardant properties. Means to prevent abrasion of
electrical component insulation shall be provided, e.g. when routed through frames and bulkheads.
Electrical wires/cables not protected by over-current devices shall not be routed such that they are in
contact with pipes and hoses containing fuel.
4.4.2 Degree of protection
Depending on the location/installation of electrical and electronic components, the following degrees
of protection are required:
a) all components installed on the truck’s exterior or directly exposed to the environment shall have a
minimum degree of protection corresponding to IP55 (according to IEC 60529);
b) all components installed in the operator’s enclosed cab or protected against the environment shall
have a minimum degree of protection that corresponds to IP 43 (according to IEC 60529).
4.4.3 Electrical connections
Electric wires and cables used to connect components in electric circuits shall be marked and identified
using IEC 60204-1as guidance.
This requirement does not apply to electrical circuits used for anti-theft systems when fitted.
4.4.4 Over-current protective devices
Electric equipment, except the starter motor, alternator, and combustion pre-heater, shall be protected
by an over-current device (e.g. fuse) or other device giving the same protection.
4.4.5 Batteries
Batteries shall be securely mounted in a ventilated location that provides access for maintenance.
Batteries and/or battery locations shall be designed and built or covered to minimize any hazard to the
operator caused by battery acid or acid vapours in the event of overturning the truck.
Electrically energized wires and cables (not connected to the frame) and connectors shall be covered
with insulation material.
4.4.6 Battery disconnection
Means shall be provided to disconnect batteries wi
...