ISO/FDIS 15027-3.2

Immersion suits — Part 3: Test methods

Combinaisons d'immersion — Partie 3: Méthodes d'essai

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 13.340.10 - Protective clothing
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 188/SC 1 - Personal safety equipment
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 188/SC 1 - Personal safety equipment
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 29-Dec-2025
• Completion Date: 29-Dec-2025

Relations

• Consolidates: ISO 37158:2019 - Smart community infrastructures - Smart transportation using battery-powered buses for passenger services
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Revises: ISO 15027-3:2012 - Immersion suits - Part 3: Test methods
• Effective Date: 23-Apr-2020

Overview

ISO/FDIS 15027-3.2:2025 defines the test methods for immersion suits, which include both constant wear suits and abandonment suits. This standard is part 3 of the ISO 15027 series and provides comprehensive procedures to evaluate the performance, safety, and durability of immersion suits under various conditions. Immersion suits are critical personal safety equipment designed to protect wearers from hypothermia and drowning in cold water emergencies. The standard ensures consistent and reliable testing methods to verify suit integrity and functionality.

Key Topics

The ISO/FDIS 15027-3.2:2025 standard encompasses a broad range of test methods focused on the physical and thermal performance of immersion suits. Key areas include:

• Temperature Cycling Test: Subjects suits to extreme temperature variations (from -30°C to +65°C) to simulate storage and usage conditions, assessing material and construction durability.
• Rotating Shock Bin Test: Tests suit resistance to mechanical shock and wear by rotating the suit inside a specialized bin.
• Tensile Strength of Seams: Measures seam strength using a grab method to ensure structural integrity under stress.
• Fuel Resistance Test: Evaluates the resistance of materials and seams to diesel fuel exposure, important for marine environments.
• Buoyancy Test: Determines suit buoyancy following Archimedes’ principle and measures buoyancy loss after prolonged water immersion.
• Suit Strength Test: Assesses the ability of integral components such as waist belts or harnesses to withstand specified loads.
• Lifting Loop Test, Flammability Test, and Cleaning Procedures: Ensure the functional safety and maintenance standards of suits.
• Human Test Subjects and Thermal Testing: Uses human subjects and thermal manikins to evaluate thermal insulation, ergonomic performance, field of vision, and comfort in real-life use scenarios.
• In-water Performance and Helicopter Transit Suit Tests: Verify suit effectiveness in simulated emergency evacuation and transit conditions.

Additionally, several annexes provide protocols and guidelines on thermal manikin testing, medical fitness assessment for cold water testing, and thermal insulation measurement techniques.

Applications

ISO/FDIS 15027-3.2:2025 is essential for manufacturers, safety regulators, and testing laboratories involved in the design, production, and certification of immersion suits. Practical applications include:

• Verification of Suit Safety and Performance: Ensures immersion suits meet stringent safety standards before market release or official approval.
• Marine and Offshore Industries: Protects workers in emergency situations involving immersion in cold water.
• Search and Rescue Operations: Guarantees suits used by rescue personnel maintain functionality and thermal protection under demanding conditions.
• Training and Certification Programs: Provides test methods that underpin official certification schemes for immersion suits.
• Product Development and Quality Assurance: Assists manufacturers in designing suits that meet or exceed international safety standards through rigorous testing.

By adhering to the test methods outlined in this standard, stakeholders reinforce user safety and confidence in immersion suit performance during critical emergencies.

Related Standards

ISO/FDIS 15027-3.2:2025 complements and references several related standards that collectively cover all aspects of immersion suit requirements and testing:

• ISO 15027-1: Safety and performance requirements for constant wear immersion suits.
• ISO 15027-2: Safety and performance requirements for abandonment immersion suits.
• ISO 188:2018: Textiles - Determination of resistance to water penetration via hydrostatic pressure test.
• ISO 13935-2:2014: Seam tensile properties testing using the grab method.
• ISO 15831:2004: Measurement of thermal insulation using thermal manikins.
• ISO 12894:2001: Medical supervision guidelines for individuals exposed to extreme thermal environments.
• EN 590:2022: Automotive fuels - Diesel requirements (used in fuel resistance testing).

These standards together provide a robust framework for designing, testing, and certifying immersion suits to optimize user protection in marine and cold-water environments.

---

Adhering to ISO/FDIS 15027-3.2:2025 ensures that immersion suits are thoroughly evaluated for durability, thermal protection, buoyancy, and usability-all critical factors that enhance safety for individuals exposed to hazardous immersion conditions. For manufacturers and safety certification bodies, this standard offers definitive, internationally recognized test methods that enhance product reliability and promote consistent quality assurance in the personal protective equipment sector.

Standards Content (Sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 15027-3
ISO/TC 188/SC 1 Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2023-05-03 2023-07-26
Immersion suits —
Part 3:
Test methods
Combinaisons de protection thermique en cas d'immersion —
Partie 3: Méthodes d'essai
ICS: 13.340.10
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2023

ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 15027-3
ISO/TC 188/SC 1 Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:

Immersion suits —
Part 3:
Test methods
Combinaisons de protection thermique en cas d'immersion —
Partie 3: Méthodes d'essai
ICS: 13.340.10
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
© ISO 2023
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
ISO copyright office
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
Phone: [phone]
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
Email: [e-mail]
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Website: www.iso.org ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
Published in Switzerland
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
ii
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2023

ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Testing of the device .3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Sampling . 3
4.3 Temperature cycling test . . 3
4.3.1 General . 3
4.3.2 Procedure . 4
4.4 Rotating shock bin test . 4
4.4.1 General . 4
4.4.2 Apparatus . 4
4.4.3 Procedure . 4
4.4.4 Evaluation . . 4
4.5 Tensile strength of seams . 5
4.6 Fuel resistance test . 5
4.7 Buoyancy test . 5
4.7.1 Principle . 5
4.7.2 Apparatus . 6
4.7.3 Procedure . 6
4.7.4 Results . 6
4.8 Suit strength test . 6
4.8.1 Principle . 6
4.8.2 Apparatus . 6
4.8.3 Procedure . 6
4.8.4 Results . 7
4.9 Lifting loop test . 7
4.9.1 Procedure . 7
4.9.2 Results . 8
4.10 Flammability test . 8
4.10.1 Principle . 8
4.10.2 Apparatus . 8
4.10.3 Sampling . 8
4.10.4 Procedure . 9
4.10.5 Evaluation . 9
4.11 Cleaning . 10
4.12 Human test subjects . 10
4.12.1 Instruction and selection . 10
4.12.2 Number and sizes of human test subjects . 10
4.12.3 Gender of human test subjects . 10
4.12.4 Fitness of human test subjects . 10
4.12.5 Dress of human test subjects. 11
4.12.6 Pass/fail criteria . 11
4.13 Leakage measurement. 11
4.13.1 Leakage measurement for jumping . 11
4.13.2 Water ingress measurement for swimming .12
4.14 Thermal test.12
4.14.1 Using a thermal manikin .12
4.14.2 Using human test subjects . 15
4.15 Ergonomic performance testing . 18
4.15.1 General . 18
4.15.2 Donning . 18
iii
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
4.15.3 Walking . 19
4.15.4 Climbing . 19
4.15.5 Dexterity and mobility . 20
4.16 In-water performance and field of vision tests . 21
4.16.1 Jump test . 21
4.16.2 Secondary donning . . 21
4.16.3 Turning test . 21
4.16.4 Conspicuity . 21
4.16.5 Field of vision. 22
4.16.6 Swim and boarding test .22
4.17 Helicopter transit suits .23
4.17.1 Helicopter escape (for helicopter transit suits as specified by ISO 15027-1
only) . 23
4.17.2 Buoyancy measurement (for helicopter transit suits only) .23
Annex A (normative) Test results — Uncertainty of measurement .24
Annex B (normative) Test protocol and checklist for manikin testing .25
Annex C (normative) Thermal manikin – Means of circulated water .32
Annex D (normative) Correlation of thermal manikin systems.33
Annex E (normative) Thermal insulation identification for suit material — Test methods .35
Annex F (informative) Medical fitness assessment for human thermal testing in cold water .42
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Regulation 2016/425 aimed to be covered .43
Bibliography .47
iv
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188, Small craft, Subcommittee SC 1,
Personal safety equipment.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15027-3:2012), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— Terms and conditions have been added;
— in Clause 4, the order of testing has been changed and clarified;
— in Subclause 4.3, a temperature and cycling test procedure for suits stored in sealed storage bags
has been added;
— in Subclause 4.5, a test for tensile strength of seams has been added;
— in Subclause 4.7, a buoyancy test has been added;
— in Subclause 4.8, a suit strength test has been added;
— in Subclause 4.9, a lifting loop test has been added;
— in Subclause 4.12.2, the number and sizes of human test subjects have been revised;
— in Subclause 4.14.1, the use of a thermal manikin has been revised;
— Annex B "Test protocol and checklist for manikin testing" has been added;
— Annex C "Thermal manikin – Means of circulated water" has been added;
— Annex D "Correlation of thermal manikin systems" has been added;
— Annex E "Thermal insulation identification for suit material — Test methods" has been added;
v
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
— Annex F "Medical fitness assessment for human thermal testing in cold water" has been added.
A list of all parts in the ISO 15027 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
vi
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
Immersion suits —
Part 3:
Test methods
1 Scope
This part of ISO 15027 specifies the test methods for constant wear suits and abandonment suits.
Requirements for constant wear suits are given in ISO 15027-1:20xx and requirements for abandonment
suits are given in ISO 15027-2:20xx.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 590, Automotive fuels — Diesel — Requirements and test methods
EN 14225-1:2017, Diving suits - Part 1: Wet suits - Requirements and test methods
ISO 811, Textile fabrics — Determination of resistance to water penetration — Hydrostatic pressure test
ISO 12402:2020, (all parts), Personal flotation devices
ISO 2768-1:1989, General tolerances; tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual
tolerance indications
ISO 12894:2001, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Medical supervision of individuals exposed to
extreme hot or cold environments
ISO 13935-2, Textiles — Seam tensile properties of fabrics and made-up textile articles — Part 2:
Determination of maximum force to seam rupture using the grab method
ISO 15027-1:20xx, Immersion suits — Part 1: Constant wear suits, requirements including safety
ISO 15027-2:20xx, Immersion suits — Part 2: Abandonment suits, requirements including safety
ISO 15831:2004, Clothing - Physiological effects - Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal
manikin
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
immersion suit
suit designed to protect the user's body from the cooling effects of immersion in water
Note 1 to entry: Cooling effects include cold shock (3.21) and hypothermia (3.14).
[SOURCE: ISO 15027-1:20xx, 3.1]
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
3.2
constant wear suit
immersion suit designed to be routinely worn for activities on or near water in anticipation of
immersion in water, but permitting physical activity to such an extent that actions can be undertaken
without undue encumbrance and thus, head, hands and feet need not be covered
[SOURCE: ISO 15027-1:20xx, 3.2]
3.3
abandonment suit
immersion suit including head, hand and feet protection designed to permit rapid donning in the event
of an imminent immersion in water
[SOURCE: ISO 15027-1:2012, 3.3]
3.4
secondary suit closure
additional closure which can be operated by the user to enhance the fit of the suit
[SOURCE: ISO 15027-1:20xx, 3.7]
3.5
exterior fabric
outer fabric of a suit, either in the form of a single or composite fabric
[SOURCE: ISO 15027-1:20xx, 3.9]
3.6
retro‑reflective material
material that reflects light beams back to their point of origin
[SOURCE: ISO 15027-1:20xx, 3.10]
3.7
buddy line
length of cord which can be tied or otherwise fixed to another person, or to that person’s personal
flotation device or other objects, so as to keep a user in the vicinity of that person or object with a view
to making location and thus rescue easier
[SOURCE: ISO 15027-1:20xx, 3.12]
3.8
clo
unit to express the relative thermal insulation values of various clothing assemblies
2 –1
Note 1 to entry: One clo is equal to 0,155 Km W .
[SOURCE: ISO 15027-1:20xx, 3.13]
3.9
hypothermia
condition where body core temperature is below 35 °C
[SOURCE: ISO 15027-1:20xx, 3.14]
3.10
helicopter transit suit
constant wear suit worn by helicopter occupants
[SOURCE: ISO 15027-1:20xx, 3.16]
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
3.11
suit system
suit system
immersion suit including its components and accessories, and any auxiliary buoyancy or PFD
Note 1 to entry: Storage bag is not part of the suit system.
3.12
underclothing
clothes worn under the suit system
[SOURCE: ISO 15027-1:20xx, 3.19]
3.13
cold shock
short transitory phase lasting about 2 to 3 min upon sudden immersion in cold water and characterized
by an uncontrollable hyperventilation accompanied by other cardio-respiratory distress
[SOURCE: ISO 15027-1:20xx, 3.21]
3.14
personal flotation device
PFD
garment or device which, when correctly worn and used in water, provides the user with a specific
amount of buoyancy which increases the likelihood of survival
4 Testing of the device
4.1 General
Requirements, for which no special test methods are given in this document, shall be tested in one of
the following ways:
a) by tests referred to in ISO 15027-1 and ISO 15027-2; or
b) by measurement; or
c) by visual assessment; or
d) by functional test.
Prior to testing, materials and components shall be conditioned for (24 ± 0,1) h under standard
atmosphere. The temperature cycling test and the rotating shock bin test shall be carried out as pre-
conditioning before any other tests are carried out.
4.2 Sampling
Where materials and components are common to a range of suits, it is permitted to test just one sample
of each material or component, unless specified otherwise by the relevant test procedure.
4.3 Temperature cycling test
4.3.1 General
The temperature cycling test shall be carried out as a preconditioning before all other tests.
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
4.3.2 Procedure
The suit, along with any attachments, shall be subjected to the following exposures with the suit packed
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
If the suit is to be supplied in a sealed storage bag such as hermetically sealed or vacuum packed, the
suit samples shall be exposed to this test in this condition, including the storage method.
The suit shall be subjected to 10 alternating cycles of 8 h continuous exposures to temperatures of
(65 ± 2) °C and (– 30 ± 2) °C. These alternating temperatures need not follow immediately after each
other. On completion of the temperature cycling test, the suit shall be visually inspected for signs of
degradation to the materials or construction or to any attachments.
4.4 Rotating shock bin test
4.4.1 General
The rotating shock bin test shall be carried out as a preconditioning after the temperature cycling test
in 3.3 but before all other tests.
4.4.2 Apparatus
The equipment used shall be that shown in Figure 1, consisting of a box of specific design made from
plywood board or equivalent, the inside surface of which shall be coated with hard plastic laminate or
similar. The bearing of the bin shall be in the centre of the mass and permit the bin to be rotated freely.
4.4.3 Procedure
Place the suit in the shock bin through a flush panel in one of the shock bin's faces, then close and secure
it. The shock bin shall be operated for a total of 150 rotations at a steady rate of 6 rotations per minute.
4.4.4 Evaluation
On completion of the rotations, the suit shall be removed from the shock bin and examined by the panel
for signs of wear and tear, and for any signs that the thermal insulation material has migrated.
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
NOTE In this figure, dimensions are identical once rotated 180° on its central axis.
Figure 1 — Design of rotation shock bin apparatus
4.5 Tensile strength of seams
The tensile strength of seams shall be measured on separate samples using the grab method given in
ISO 13935-2, using specimens of at least 60 mm width and with at least 100 mm of material on each side
of the test point, with four similar seams for each type of seam including the seam between fastening
devices, including zip fasteners, and fabric
4.6 Fuel resistance test
Place three samples each of all exterior fabrics, typical seams, apertures and components in a suitable
container and submerge them under a 100 mm head of diesel according to EN 590 at a temperature of
(20 ± 2) °C for 24 h. After removal from the container, remove the surface oil by wiping. Subject the
samples to a hydrostatic test according to ISO 811 with a speed of 10 cm/min until 1 000 mm water
head and then carry out a tensile seam strength test according to 3.5.
4.7 Buoyancy test
4.7.1 Principle
The buoyancy of a suit that is designed to be used without a PFD shall be measured using Archimedes’
principle of weighing the submerged device in water, as specified below.
Any inflatable chambers required to meet ISO 15027-2:20xx, 4.11.8 shall be inflated.
The buoyancy loss of the suit shall be measured and recorded after entrapped air has been removed
and 24 h after the initial buoyancy has been measured.
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
4.7.2 Apparatus
The standard equipment required consists of:
a) a weighted cage, whose submerged weight is greater than 1,1 times its expected buoyancy value,
and
a) a tank of fresh water deep enough to accommodate the device horizontally with its upper surface at
a depth of 100 mm to 150 mm below the water surface without contacting the sides of the tank or
the bottom and supported by a calibrated load cell or balance.
4.7.3 Procedure
The suit shall be enclosed in the weighted cage.
The cage shall be suspended from the load cell in fresh water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C so that the
upper surface of the horizontally positioned suit is submerged at 100 mm to 150 mm below the surface.
The immersed combined weight shall be recorded as A.
The assembly shall remain immersed for (24,0 + 0,5 -0) h, after which time the combined weight shall
again be recorded as B.
The suit shall finally be removed from the cage. The weighted cage shall again be immersed and the
result again recorded as C.
The water temperature, air temperature, and atmospheric pressure shall be recorded at the start of
each test and then after completion of each test.
4.7.4 Results
The buoyancy values shall be corrected to a temperature of 20 °C and an atmospheric pressure of
101,325 kPa.
The initial buoyancy is obtained by substracting A from C. The final buoyancy is obtained by
substracting B from C. The buoyancy lost during immersion is obtained by substracting the final
buoyancy from the initial buoyancy.
4.8 Suit strength test
4.8.1 Principle
The suit shall be subject to tension via its integral structure, such as waist belt or harness arrangement,
by means of a specified load.
4.8.2 Apparatus
The apparatus consists of a horizontally suspended upper cylinder, of diameter (50 ± 5) mm for child
suits, or of diameter (125 ± 10) mm for adult suits. The length of the test cylinder shall be sufficient to
accommodate the full width of the portion of the suit under test, as shown in Figure 2.
4.8.3 Procedure
The suit shall withstand a load of 1 350 N for 30 minutes, without tearing, seams ripping, parts breaking,
or other damage that permits water entry or otherwise affect the intended performance of the suit.One
sample of the suit is to be tested. Prior to the application of the load, the suit is to be immersed in water
for at least 2 minutes. The suit is to be placed in the test apparatus immediately after the immersion.
The load is to be applied by means of two cylinders, as illustrated in Figure 2.
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
With the suit supported by the top cylinder and the primary closures of the suit closed and adjusted to
simulate use, a weight is to be attached to the bottom cylinder by means of ropes or cables to apply the
required load to the suit. When required, to accommodate the test apparatus, the suit is to be cut at the
wrists or waist, or holes are to be cut into the suit.
Figure 2 — Suit strength test
4.8.4 Results
The suit shall be examined for any failures resulting in functional damage of the suit.
4.9 Lifting loop test
4.9.1 Procedure
The suit shall be fitted to the appropriately sized dummy such as that shown in ISO 12401:2009,
5.2.2.1 or the appropriately sized test form (see Figure 3) according to the manufacturer's donning and
adjustment instructions.
A cylinder (50 ± 5) mm in diameter, shall be put through the loop and a load of 3 200 N shall be applied
steadily until the suit is hanging freely. The load shall be maintained for 30 minutes and shall include
the weight of the dummy or test form (see Figure 3).
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
Key
Dimensions in millimeters
Size A B C D E F G H I
Adult 610 114 76,2 127 381 432 508 25,4 178
Child 508 102 76,2 102 279 330 406 22,2 152
Infant 305 63,5 38,1 63,5 191 203 241 19,1 76,2
Figure 3 — Test form for vertical load test, lifting loop and buddy lines
Note General tolerances ISO 2768-1:1989, tolerance level "v".
4.9.2 Results
The suit and lifting loop shall be examined for any failures resulting in functional damage of the suit.
4.10 Flammability test
4.10.1 Principle
The test suit system is passed over a test pan with burning test fuel to determine if the suit system
burns or continues to melt after removal.
4.10.2 Apparatus
Test pan, (300 ± 20) mm × (350 ± 20) mm × (65 ± 5) mm.
Test fuel: petrol or n-heptane.
4.10.3 Sampling
One suit system shall be subjected to the flammability test.
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
4.10.4 Procedure
Place the test pan in a draught-free area so that the suit system, travels freely across the diagonal
distance of the test pan.
Fill the test pan with water to a depth of 10 mm, followed by enough petrol or n-heptane to make a
minimum total depth of 40 mm.
Ignite the petrol or n-heptane and allow to burn freely for 30 s.
Drape the suit system over a suitable hanger, folded at the waist with the front outward. The bottom of
the suit shall be (250 ± 20) mm from the top edge of the test pan, see Figure 4. Secure loose parts above
the lower part of the suit.
Then expose the suit system at a constant speed that allows the suit system and storage bag to be
exposed to the flames for 2 ± 0,1 s. The suit system shall start and finish the test 2 m away from the
closest edge of the test pan.
4.10.5 Evaluation
It shall be reported if the suit system is destroyed by the flames. It shall be reported whether the suit
sustains burning or continues melting 6 s after being removed from the flames.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 suit
2 test pan
a
Start.
b
Finish.
Figure 4 — Flammability test
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
4.11 Cleaning
Suit samples shall be cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer's cleaning instructions to condition
them prior to leakage measurement and thermal testing. The number of cleaning cycles recommended
by the manufacturer or five cleaning cycles shall be undertaken.
4.12 Human test subjects
4.12.1 Instruction and selection
All human test subjects shall be familiar with the use of the suit under test. They shall be informed and
instructed on the potential hazards of the tests.
4.12.2 Number and sizes of human test subjects
Where tests call for the use of human test subjects, unless otherwise specified, six people shall be used,
each wearing a suit of the appropriate size for the test subject, fitted in accordance with the stated
height and chest size of the suit. Their body sizes shall be within the heights and masses shown in
Table 1.
Table 1 — Human test subject sizes
Height Mass
Subject Category
mm kg
1 1 400 to 1 600 1 person under 60
2 1 400 to 1 600 1 person over 60
3 1 601 to 1 800 1 person under 70
4 1 601 to 1 800 1 person over 70
5 > 1 800 1 person under 80
6 > 1 800 1 person over 100
NOTE Size categories relate to the size of test subjects only and do not relate to the size ranges of the suit
products.
When selecting test subjects, care should be taken to achieve an evenly spaced range of subject heights
and weights.
In the event that a size of suit system is not accommodated by the above selection of subjects, an
additional subject shall be used to ensure all sizes are tested.
In addition, if certain subject sizes in Table 1 are not applicable for the specific suit sizing, then subjects
within the size range of the suits shall be selected, for a total of six subjects. The sizes of the subject
should be evenly distributed as much as possible to cover the range appropriate for the suit.
4.12.3 Gender of human test subjects
At least one and not more than three of the persons should be females.
4.12.4 Fitness of human test subjects
The persons complying with the criteria of 3.12.1 shall be capable of relaxing when in water out of their
depth, be able to swim for 20 min and cover a distance of 350 m with the aid of an approved personal
flotation device as recommended by the manufacturer and, after sufficient rest, board the liferaft or
platform specified in 3.16.6.
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
4.12.5 Dress of human test subjects
Throughout the following tests, unless otherwise specified, the underclothing specified by the
manufacturer or, if not specified by the manufacturer, the standard underclothing according to 3.14.1.2
shall be worn by each human test subject.
4.12.6 Pass/fail criteria
All samples shall pass all objective tests for the entire device to meet the requirements of
ISO 15027-1:20xx or ISO 15027-2:20xx. However, due to the high variability between human test
subjects and the difficulty in assessing some subjective measures, it is permitted that a device does
1)
not completely meet the requirements of the following subjective tests in a single sample and in no
more than one human test subject. In these circumstances, two other human test subjects within the
same weight category and with the same gender, wearing the same size of suit should be subjected to
the same test and before the same test panel as at 3.15.3. If this additional test is still not clearly passed
as required in ISO 15027-1:20xx or ISO 15027-2:20xx, then the device shall be deemed to have failed,
whilst if it is clearly passed by the additional two subjects, the test panel may deem that the device has
passed the test overall.
4.13 Leakage measurement
4.13.1 Leakage measurement for jumping
3.13.1.1 All suit samples shall have been cleaned in accordance with 3.11 prior to the leakage tests.
3.13.1.2 Each human test subject shall wear the suit system with the standard underclothing as
specified by the manufacturer or, if not specified by the manufacturer, the standard underclothing
according to 3.14.1.2. The human test subject shall carefully enter the pool using the pool ladder and
remain there for at least 2 min in order to completely pre-wet the suit. The suit shall be vented of excess
air prior to this test according to the instructions of the manufacturer. If a personal flotation device
(PFD) is not required and there is an inflatable element on the suit, it shall not be inflated for this test.
3.13.1.3 The human test subject shall then climb out using the pool ladder, crouch, stretch, shake limbs
and then stand to permit excess water to run off the exterior of the suit and to remove the water from
all trapped areas. After 1 min the human test subject shall be weighed, in order to establish the human
test subject's gross weight before the leak test starts. The weighing scales shall have a capacity up to
150 kg, and a resolution of 0,02 kg or better.
3.13.1.4 Immediately after the "pre-wetting" and weighing, a PFD shall be donned and inflated if
required. The human test subject shall then cover the mouth and nose with one hand and cross the
other arm over the top, grasping the shoulder of the suit or of the PFD. The human test subject shall
+05,
then jump vertically, feet first, into the pool from a height of (,45 )m .
3.13.1.5 After the jump, the human test subject shall climb out using the pool ladder, remove the PFD
if used, crouch, stretch, shake limbs and then stand to remove free water from all trapped areas. After
1 min the human test subject shall be weighed again. The increase in weight shall be recorded, as the
leakage from jumping for that individual test subject.
The mean shall be calculated from the individual leakage results of all of the subjects' jump tests.
The mean amount of water ingress from jumping is to be added to used together with the mean amount
of leakage from swimming (see 3.13.2.4) as the amount of leakage for the thermal test according to
3.14. to be used together with the amount of leakage from swimming (see 3.13.2.4) as the amount of
1) For the purpose of this clause, "subjective tests" includes all tests that require the participation of human test
subjects.
ISO/DIS 15027-3:2023(E)
leakage for the thermal test according to 3.14. The suit shall then be removed to record the location of
leakage in the suit and the areas of wetted underclothing.
4.13.2 Water ingress measurement for swimming
3.13.2.1 Following the leakage measurement for jumping, the human test subject shall re-don the suit
system using a dry set of underclothing and vent the suit. The human test subject shall then carefully
enter the pool using the pool ladder and remain there for at least 2 min in order to completely pre-wet
the suit.
3.13.2.2 The human test subject shall then climb out using the pool ladder, crouch, stretch, shake limbs
and then stand to permit excess water to run off the exterior of the suit and to remove the water from
all trapped areas. After 1 min the human test subject shall be weighed in order to establish the human
test subject's gross weight before the swim starts.
3.13.2.3 Immediately after the "pre-wetting" and weighing, any hand protection provided with the
suit shall be donned and a PFD shall be donned and inflated if required. The human test subject shall
then carefully re-enter the pool using the pool ladder and swim on the back for 20 min, covering a
distance of at least 350 m in this time. The hands and arms shall be kept in the water even if not being
used for propulsion.
3.13.2.4 After the swim, the human test subject shall climb out using the pool ladder, remove the hand
protection and PFD if used, crouch, stretch, shake limbs and then stand to remove free water from all
trapped areas. After 1 min the human test subject shall be weighed again. The increase in weight shall
be recorded, to be used together with the amount of leakage from jumping (see 3.13.1.5) as the amount
of leakage for the thermal test according to 3.14. The suit shall then be removed to record the location
of leakage in the suit and the areas of wetted underclothing.
4.14 Thermal test
The overall thermal insulation of the immersion suit shall be determined by use of a thermal manikin
or human test subjects.
4.14.1 Using a thermal manikin
4.14.1.1 General
The thermal manikin test method is not intended to duplicate the pattern of the heat loss nor the
variation between test subjects in physiological responses such as shivering and vasoconstriction
experienced by humans in cold water. However, when tested on a thermal manikin, the method
provides a safe and ethical means of providing consistent and repeatable measurements of the thermal
resistance of immersion suit systems clothing ensembles that have been shown to correlate well to the
required levels of human protection.
The thermal resistance of the suit system and as
...

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 15027-3
ISO/TC 188/SC 1
Immersion suits —
Secretariat: AFNOR
Part 3:
Voting begins on:
2024-07-29
Test methods
Voting terminates on:
Combinaisons de protection thermique en cas d'immersion —
2024-09-23
Partie 3: Méthodes d'essai
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en) © ISO 2024

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 15027-3
ISO/TC 188/SC 1
Immersion suits —
Secretariat: AFNOR
Part 3:
Voting begins on:
Test methods
Voting terminates on:
Combinaisons de protection thermique en cas d'immersion —
Partie 3: Méthodes d'essai
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2024
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en) © ISO 2024

ii
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test methods . 2
4.1 General .2
4.2 Sampling .2
4.3 Temperature cycling test . .2
4.3.1 General .2
4.3.2 Procedure .2
4.4 Rotating shock bin test .3
4.4.1 General .3
4.4.2 Apparatus .3
4.4.3 Procedure .3
4.4.4 Evaluation . .3
4.5 Tensile strength of seams .4
4.6 Fuel resistance test .4
4.7 Buoyancy test .4
4.7.1 Principle .4
4.7.2 Apparatus .4
4.7.3 Procedure .4
4.7.4 Results .4
4.8 Suit strength test .5
4.8.1 Principle .5
4.8.2 Apparatus .5
4.8.3 Procedure .5
4.8.4 Results .6
4.9 Lifting loop test .6
4.9.1 Procedure .6
4.10 Results . .6
4.11 Flammability test .7
4.11.1 Principle .7
4.11.2 Apparatus .7
4.11.3 Sampling .7
4.11.4 Procedure .7
4.11.5 Evaluation . .8
4.12 Cleaning .8
4.13 Human test subjects .8
4.13.1 Instruction and selection .8
4.13.2 Number and sizes of human test subjects .9
4.13.3 Gender of human test subjects .9
4.13.4 Fitness of human test subjects .9
4.13.5 Dress of human test subjects.9
4.13.6 Pass/fail criteria .9
4.14 Water ingress measurement .10
4.14.1 Water ingress measurement for jumping.10
4.14.2 Water ingress measurement for swimming .10
4.15 Thermal test.11
4.15.1 General .11
4.15.2 Using a thermal manikin .11
4.15.3 Using human test subjects .14
4.16 Ergonomic performance testing .16
4.16.1 General .16
4.16.2 Donning .17

iii
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
4.16.3 Walking .18
4.16.4 Climbing .18
4.16.5 Dexterity and mobility .19
4.17 In-water performance and field of vision tests .19
4.17.1 Jump test .19
4.17.2 Secondary donning . .19
4.17.3 Turning test . 20
4.17.4 Conspicuity . 20
4.17.5 Field of vision. 20
4.17.6 Swim and boarding test . 20
4.18 Helicopter transit suits .21
4.18.1 Helicopter escape .21
4.18.2 Buoyancy measurement .21
Annex A (informative) Test results — Uncertainty of measurement .22
Annex B (normative) Test protocol and checklist for manikin testing .23
Annex C (normative) Thermal manikin — Means of circulated water .30
Annex D (normative) Correlation of thermal manikin systems .31
Annex E (informative) Thermal insulation identification for suit material — Test methods .33
Annex F (informative) Medical fitness assessment for human thermal testing in cold water .40
Bibliography . 41

iv
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188, Small craft, Subcommittee SC 1, Personal
safety equipment, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 162, Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets, in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15027-3:2012), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the terms and definitions have been revised;
— in Clause 4, the order of testing has been changed and clarified;
— in 4.3, a temperature and cycling test procedure for suits stored in sealed storage bags has been added;
— in 4.5, a test for tensile strength of seams has been added;
— in 4.7, a buoyancy test has been added;
— in 4.8, a suit strength test has been added;
— in 4.9, a lifting loop test has been added;
— in 4.12.2, the number and sizes of human test subjects have been revised;
— in 4.14.2, the use of a thermal manikin has been revised;
— Annex B “Test protocol and checklist for manikin testing” has been added;
— Annex C “Thermal manikin — Means of circulated water” has been added;
— Annex D “Correlation of thermal manikin systems” has been added;
— Annex E “Thermal insulation identification for suit material — Test methods” has been added;

v
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
— Annex F “Medical fitness assessment for human thermal testing in cold water” has been added.
A list of all parts in the ISO 15027 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

vi
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Immersion suits —
Part 3:
Test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the test methods for constant wear suits and abandonment suits.
Requirements for constant wear suits are given in ISO 15027-1:—.
Requirements for abandonment suits are given in ISO 15027-2:—.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 188:2023, Textiles — Determination of resistance to water penetration — Hydrostatic pressure test
ISO 12402-9:2020, Personal flotation devices — Part 9: Evaluation
ISO 12894:2001, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Medical supervision of individuals exposed to
extreme hot or cold environments
ISO 13935-2:2014, Textiles — Seam tensile properties of fabrics and made-up textile articles — Part 2:
Determination of maximum force to seam rupture using the grab method
1)
ISO 15027-1:— , Immersion suits — Part 1: Safety and performance requirements for constant wear suits
2)
ISO 15027-2:— , Immersion suits — Part 2: Safety and performance requirements for abandonment suits
ISO 15831:2004, Clothing — Physiological effects — Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a
thermal manikin
EN 590:2022, Automotive fuels — Diesel — Requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15027-1:—, ISO 15027-2:— and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
1) Under preparation. This document, ISO 15027-1 and ISO 15027-2 are being developed together and will be published
together. The date will be added just before publication.
2) Under preparation. This document, ISO 15027-1 and ISO 15027-2 are being developed together and will be published
together. The date will be added just before publication.

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
3.1
test panel
group of persons experienced in testing immersion suits who observe the test subject undergoing the tests
3.2
thermal manikin system
equipment for measuring thermal insulation of immersion suit systems, including a human-shaped,
instrumented (temperature sensors and heaters) manikin and a control system with a computer interface
4 Test methods
4.1 General
Requirements for which no special test methods are given in this document shall be tested in one of the
following ways:
a) by tests referred to in ISO 15027-1:— and ISO 15027-2:—; or
b) by measurement; or
c) by visual assessment; or
d) by functional test.
Prior to testing, materials and components shall be conditioned for (24 ± 0,1) h under standard atmosphere.
The temperature cycling test and the rotating shock bin test shall be carried out as preconditioning before
any other tests are carried out.
Annex A provides further information on uncertainty of measurement.
4.2 Sampling
Where materials and components are common to a range of suits, it is permitted to test just one sample of
each material or component, unless specified otherwise by the relevant test procedure.
Samples for testing shall be taken from the original garment or from material or materials used in the
finished garment.
When the number of samples to be tested is “at least [x]” or “a minimum of [x]” that number of [x] samples
shall be tested.
4.3 Temperature cycling test
4.3.1 General
The temperature cycling test shall be carried out as a preconditioning before all other tests.
4.3.2 Procedure
The suit, along with any attachments, shall be subjected to the following exposures with the suit packed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
For suits supplied in a sealed storage bag, such as hermetically sealed or vacuum packed, the suit samples
shall be exposed to this test in this condition, including the storage method.
The suit shall be subjected to 10 alternating cycles of 8 h continuous exposures to temperatures of
(65 ± 2) °C and (– 30 ± 2) °C. These alternating temperatures need not follow immediately after each other.
On completion of the temperature cycling test, the suit shall be visually inspected for signs of degradation to
the materials or construction or to any attachments.

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
4.4 Rotating shock bin test
4.4.1 General
The rotating shock bin test shall be carried out as a preconditioning after the temperature cycling test in 4.3
but before all other tests.
4.4.2 Apparatus
The equipment used shall be as shown in Figure 1.
4.4.2.1 Box, of specific design made from plywood board or equivalent, the inside surface of which shall
be coated with hard plastic laminate or similar. The bearing of the bin shall be in the centre of the mass and
shall permit the bin to be rotated freely.
Dimensions in millimetres
NOTE In this figure, dimensions are identical once rotated 180° on its central axis.
Figure 1 — Design of rotation shock bin apparatus
4.4.3 Procedure
The suit shall be placed in the bin through a flush panel in one of its faces, which shall then be closed and
−1
secured. The bin shall then be rotated for a total of 150 revolutions at a steady rate of 6 min .
4.4.4 Evaluation
On completion of the revolutions, the suit shall be removed from the shock bin and examined for signs of
wear and tear, and for any signs that the thermal insulation material has migrated.

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
4.5 Tensile strength of seams
The tensile strength of seams shall be measured on separate samples using the grab method given in
ISO 13935-2:2014, using specimens of at least 60 mm width and with at least 100 mm of material on each
side of the test point, with four similar seams for each type of seam including the seam between fastening
devices, including zip fasteners, and fabric.
4.6 Fuel resistance test
Three samples of all exterior fabrics, typical seams, apertures and components shall be placed in a suitable
container and submerged under a 100 mm head of diesel in accordance with EN 590:2022 at a temperature
of (20 ± 2) °C for 24 h. After removal from the container, remove the surface diesel by wiping. Subject the
samples to a hydrostatic test in accordance with ISO 188:2023 with a speed of 10 cm/min until 1 000 mm
water head and then carry out a tensile seam strength test according to 4.5.
4.7 Buoyancy test
4.7.1 Principle
The buoyancy of a suit that is designed to be used without a personal flotation device (PFD) shall be
measured using Archimedes’ principle of weighing the submerged device in water, as specified in 4.7.3.
Any inflatable chambers required to meet ISO 15027-2:—, 4.11.8, shall be inflated.
The buoyancy loss of the suit shall be measured and recorded after entrapped air has been removed and
24 h after the initial buoyancy has been measured.
4.7.2 Apparatus
4.7.2.1 Weighted cage, with a submerged weight greater than 1,1 times its expected buoyancy value.
4.7.2.2 Tank, of fresh water, deep enough to accommodate the device horizontally with its upper surface
at a depth of 100 mm to 150 mm below the water surface without contacting the sides of the tank or the
bottom and supported by a calibrated load cell or balance.
4.7.3 Procedure
The suit shall be enclosed in a weighted cage (4.7.2.1).
The cage shall be suspended from the load cell in fresh water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C so that the
upper surface of the horizontally positioned suit is submerged at 100 mm to 150 mm below the surface. The
combined immersed weight shall be recorded as A.
The assembly shall remain immersed for (24,0 +0,5 −0) h, after which time the combined immersed weight
shall again be recorded as B.
The suit shall finally be removed from the cage. The weighted cage (4.7.2.1) shall again be immersed and the
result again recorded as C.
The water temperature, air temperature and atmospheric pressure shall be recorded at the start of each test
and then after completion of each test.
4.7.4 Results
The buoyancy values shall be corrected to a water temperature of 20 °C and an atmospheric pressure of
101,325 kPa.
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
The initial buoyancy is obtained by subtracting A from C. The final buoyancy is obtained by subtracting B
from C. The buoyancy lost during immersion is obtained by subtracting the final buoyancy from the initial
buoyancy.
4.8 Suit strength test
4.8.1 Principle
The suit shall be subject to tension via its integral structure, such as waist belt or harness arrangement, by
means of a specified load.
4.8.2 Apparatus
4.8.2.1 Horizontally suspended upper cylinder, of diameter (50 ± 5) mm for child suits, or of diameter
(125 ± 10) mm for adult suits. The length of the test cylinder shall be sufficient to accommodate the full
width of the portion of the suit under test, as shown in Figure 2.
Key
1 immersion suit 5 weight
2 suspension point 6 bottom cylinder
3 rope or cable 7 top cylinder
4 suit closure (closed)
Figure 2 — Suit strength test
4.8.3 Procedure
The suit shall withstand a load of 1 350 N for 30 min, without tearing, seams ripping, parts breaking or other
damage that permits water entry or otherwise affects the intended performance of the suit. One sample of
the suit shall be tested. Prior to the application of the load, the suit shall be immersed in water for at least
2 min. The suit shall be placed in the test apparatus immediately after the immersion.
The load shall be applied by means of two cylinders (4.8.2.1), as illustrated in Figure 2.
With the suit supported by the top cylinder and the primary suit closures closed and adjusted to simulate
use, a weight shall be attached to the bottom cylinder by means of ropes or cables to apply the required load

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
to the suit. When required, to accommodate the test apparatus, the suit shall be cut at the wrists or waist, or
holes shall be cut into the suit.
4.8.4 Results
The suit shall be examined for any failures resulting in functional damage of the suit.
4.9 Lifting loop test
4.9.1 Procedure
The suit shall be fitted to the appropriately sized dummy such as that shown in ISO 12401:2009, 5.2.2.2, or
the appropriately sized test form (see Figure 3) according to the manufacturer’s donning and adjustment
instructions.
A cylinder, (50 ± 5) mm in diameter, shall be put through the loop and a load of 3 200 N shall be applied
steadily until the suit is hanging freely. The load shall be maintained for 30 min and shall include the mass of
the dummy or test form (see Figure 3).
Key
Dimensions in millimetres
Size A B C D E F G H I
Adult 610 114 76,2 127 381 432 508 25,4 178
Child 508 102 76,2 102 279 330 406 22,2 152
Infant 305 63,5 38,1 63,5 191 203 241 19,1 76,2
NOTE General tolerances ISO 2768-1:1989, tolerance level “v”.
Figure 3 — Test form for vertical load test, lifting loop and buddy lines
4.10 Results
The suit and lifting loop shall be examined for any failures resulting in functional damage of the suit.

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
4.11 Flammability test
4.11.1 Principle
The suit system, excluding a separate PFD, is passed over a test pan with burning test fuel to determine if the
suit system burns or continues to melt after removal.
4.11.2 Apparatus
4.10.2.1 Test pan, (300 ± 20) mm × (350 ± 20) mm × (65 ± 5) mm.
4.10.2.2 Test fuel: petrol or n-heptane.
4.11.3 Sampling
One suit system, excluding a separate PFD, shall be subjected to the flammability test
4.11.4 Procedure
Place a test pan (4.10.2.1) in a draught-free area so that the suit system travels freely across the diagonal
distance of the test pan.
Fill the test pan (4.10.2.1) with water to a depth of 10 mm, followed by enough petrol or n-heptane to make a
minimum total depth of 40 mm.
Ignite the petrol or n-heptane and allow to burn freely for 30 s.
Drape the suit system over a suitable hanger, folded at the waist with the front outward. The bottom of the
suit shall be (250 ± 20) mm from the top edge of the test pan (4.10.2.1), see Figure 4. Secure loose parts
above the lower part of the suit.
Then expose the suit system at a constant speed that allows the suit system to be exposed to the flames
for (2 ± 0,1) s. The suit system shall start and finish the test 2 m away from the closest edge of the test pan
(4.10.2.1).
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
a
1 suit Start.
b
2 test pan Finish.
Figure 4 — Flammability test
4.11.5 Evaluation
It shall be reported if the suit system, excluding a separate PFD, is destroyed by the flames. It shall be
reported whether the suit sustains burning or continues melting 6 s after being removed from the flames.
4.12 Cleaning
Suit samples shall be cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer’s cleaning instructions to condition them
prior to testing. Five cleaning cycles shall be undertaken.
4.13 Human test subjects
4.13.1 Instruction and selection
All human test subjects shall be familiar with the use of the suit under test. They shall be informed and
instructed on the potential hazards of the tests.

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
4.13.2 Number and sizes of human test subjects
Where tests call for the use of human test subjects, unless otherwise specified, six people shall be used, each
wearing a suit of the appropriate size for the test subject, fitted in accordance with the stated height and
chest size of the suit. Their body sizes shall be within the values for height and mass shown in Table 1.
NOTE Size categories relate to the size of test subjects only and do not relate to the size ranges of the suit products.
When selecting test subjects, care should be taken to achieve an evenly spaced range of subject height and
body mass.
If certain subject sizes in Table 1 are not applicable for the specific suit sizing, then subjects within the size
range of the suits shall be selected, for a minimum of six subjects. The sizes of the subjects should be evenly
distributed as much as possible to cover the range appropriate for the suit.
Table 1 — Human test subject sizes
Height Mass
Subject
category
mm kg
1 1 400 to 1 600 1 person under 60
2 1 400 to 1 600 1 person over 60
3 1 601 to 1 800 1 person under 70
4 1 601 to 1 800 1 person over 70
5 > 1 800 1 person under 80
6 > 1 800 1 person over 100
4.13.3 Gender of human test subjects
At least one and not more than three of the persons should be female.
If the suit is gender specific, all subjects shall be of the specific gender.
4.13.4 Fitness of human test subjects
The persons conforming to the criteria given in 4.12.1 shall:
— be capable of relaxing when in water out of their depth;
— be able to swim for 20 min and cover a distance of 350 m with the aid of an approved PFD as recommended
by the manufacturer and, after sufficient rest, board the life raft or platform specified in 4.16.6.
4.13.5 Dress of human test subjects
Throughout the tests given in 4.13 to 4.16, unless otherwise specified, the underclothing specified by the
manufacturer or, if not specified by the manufacturer, the standard underclothing according to 4.14.2.2,
shall be worn by each human test subject.
4.13.6 Pass/fail criteria
Due to the high variability between human test subjects and the difficulty in assessing some subjective
measures, it is permitted that a device does not completely meet the requirements of the subjective tests
given in 4.13 to 4.16 in a single sample and in no more than one human test subject.
NOTE For the purposes of this clause, “subjective tests” includes all tests that require the participation of human
test subjects.
In these circumstances, two other human test subjects within the same body mass category and with the
same gender, wearing the same size of suit, shall be subjected to the same test and before the same test
panel. If this additional test is still not clearly passed, then the device is deemed to have failed, while if it is

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
clearly passed by the additional two subjects, the test panel may deem that the device has passed the test
overall.
4.14 Water ingress measurement
4.14.1 Water ingress measurement for jumping
4.13.1.1 All suit samples shall be cleaned in accordance with 4.11 prior to the water ingress tests.
4.13.1.2 Each human test subject shall wear the suit system, excluding a separate PFD, with the standard
underclothing as specified by the manufacturer or, if not specified by the manufacturer, the standard
underclothing according to 4.14.2.2. The human test subject shall carefully enter the pool using the pool
ladder and remain there for at least 2 min in order to completely pre-wet the suit. The suit shall be vented
of excess air prior to this test according to the instructions of the manufacturer. If there is an inflatable
element on the suit, it shall not be inflated for this test.
4.13.1.3 The human test subject shall then climb out using the pool ladder, crouch, stretch, shake limbs
and then stand to permit excess water to run off the exterior of the suit and to remove the water from all
trapped areas. After 1 min, the human test subject shall be weighed, in order to establish the human test
subject’s gross mass before the leak test starts. The weighing scales shall have a capacity up to 150 kg, and a
resolution of 0,02 kg or better.
4.13.1.4 Immediately after the pre-wetting and weighing, a PFD shall be donned and inflated if required.
The human test subject shall then cover the mouth and nose with one hand and cross the other arm over the
top, grasping the shoulder of the suit or of the PFD. The human test subject shall then jump vertically, feet
+05,
first, into the pool from a height of (,45 )m .
4.13.1.5 After the jump, the human test subject shall climb out using the pool ladder, remove the PFD if
used, crouch, stretch, shake limbs and then stand to remove free water from all trapped areas. After 1 min,
the human test subject shall be weighed again. The increase in mass shall be recorded as the water ingress
from jumping for that individual test subject.
The suit shall then be removed to record the location of water ingress in the suit and the areas of wetted
underclothing.
The mean shall be calculated from the individual water ingress results of all of the subjects’ jump tests.
4.14.2 Water ingress measurement for swimming
4.13.2.1 Following the water ingress measurement for jumping, the human test subject shall re-don the suit
system using a dry set of underclothing and vent the suit. The human test subject shall then carefully enter
the pool using the pool ladder and remain there for at least 2 min in order to completely pre-wet the suit.
4.13.2.2 The human test subject shall then climb out using the pool ladder, crouch, stretch, shake limbs and
then stand to permit excess water to run off the exterior of the suit and to remove the water from all trapped
areas. After 1 min, the human test subject shall be weighed in order to establish the human test subject’s
gross mass before the swim starts.
4.13.2.3 Immediately after the pre-wetting and weighing, any hand protection provided with the suit shall
be donned and a PFD shall be donned and inflated if required. The human test subject shall then carefully
re-enter the pool using the pool ladder and swim on the back for 20 min, covering a distance of at least
350 m in this time. The hands and arms shall be kept in the water even if not being used for propulsion.
4.13.2.4 After the swim, the human test subject shall climb out using the pool ladder, remove the hand
protection and PFD if used, crouch, stretch, shake limbs and then stand to remove free water from all

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
trapped areas. After 1 min, the human test subject shall be weighed again. The increase in mass shall be
recorded. The suit shall then be removed to record the location of water ingress in the suit and the areas of
wetted underclothing.
The mean shall be calculated from the individual water ingress results of all of the subjects’ swimming tests.
4.15 Thermal test
4.15.1 General
The overall thermal insulation of the immersion suit shall be determined by use of a thermal manikin or
human test subjects.
The mean amount of water ingress from jumping (see 4.13.1) shall be added together with the mean amount
of water ingress from swimming (see 4.13.2) as the amount of water ingress for the thermal test.
Annex E provides information on test methods for thermal insulation identification for suit material.
4.15.2 Using a thermal manikin
4.15.2.1 General
The thermal manikin test method is not intended to duplicate the pattern of the heat loss nor the variation
between test subjects in physiological responses such as shivering and vasoconstriction experienced by
humans in cold water. The method provides a safe and ethical means of providing consistent and repeatable
measurements of the thermal insulation of suit systems including underclothing that have been shown to
correlate well to the required levels of human protection.
The thermal insulation of the suit system and associated underclothing is measured with a thermal manikin
which meets the requirements of 4.14.2.3 and which is wearing the suit system and associated underclothing
(see 4.14.2.2) and placed in a controlled water tank as per 4.14.2.4.
Conversion factors are then applied to correlate the result (see 4.14.2.6) to the reference manikin system,
which itself has been shown to align with the necessary insulation values predicted by the Wissler Model for
the suit performance levels included in ISO 15027-1:—, Table 3, and ISO 15027-2:—, Table 3.
Procedures are provided to establish the relationship of additional manikins to the Wissler Model in order
to be validated as reference manikins (see Clause D.3).
The procedures given in 4.14.2 shall be used in accordance with Clause B.1.
Clause B.2 may be used when carrying out the test.
4.15.2.2 Standard underclothing
The underclothing to be worn in connection with the suit system should be specified by the manufacturer. If
not specified by the manufacturer
...

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2023(E)
ISO/TC 188/SC 1
Secretariat: AFNOR
Third edition
Date: 2024-04-1207-09
Immersion suits —
Part 3:
Test methods
Combinaisons de protection thermique en cas d'immersion —
Partie 3: Méthodes d'essai
FDIS stage
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Contents
Foreword . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Test methods . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Sampling . 3
4.3 Temperature cycling test . 3
4.3.1 General . 3
4.3.2 Procedure . 3
4.4 Rotating shock bin test . 3
4.4.1 General . 3
4.4.2 Apparatus . 3
4.4.3 Procedure . 4
4.4.4 Evaluation . 4
4.5 Tensile strength of seams . 5
4.6 Fuel resistance test . 5
4.7 Buoyancy test . 5
4.7.1 Principle . 5
4.7.2 Apparatus . 6
4.7.3 Procedure . 6
4.7.4 Results . 6
4.8 Suit strength test . 6
4.8.1 Principle . 6
4.8.2 Apparatus . 6
4.8.3 Procedure . 7
4.8.4 Results . 8
4.9 Lifting loop test . 8
4.9.1 Procedure . 8
4.10 Results . 9
4.11 Flammability test . 9
4.11.1 Principle . 9
4.11.2 Apparatus . 9
4.11.3 Sampling . 9
4.11.4 Procedure . 9
4.11.5 Evaluation . 10
4.12 Cleaning . 11
4.13 Human test subjects . 11
4.13.1 Instruction and selection . 11
4.13.2 Number and sizes of human test subjects . 11
4.13.3 Gender of human test subjects . 12
4.13.4 Fitness of human test subjects . 12
4.13.5 Dress of human test subjects . 13
4.13.6 Pass/fail criteria . 13
4.14 Water ingress measurement . 13
4.14.1 Water ingress measurement for jumping . 13
4.14.2 Water ingress measurement for swimming . 14
4.15 Thermal test . 14
4.15.1 General . 14
4.15.2 Using a thermal manikin . 14
iii
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
4.15.3 Using human test subjects . 17
4.16 Ergonomic performance testing . 20
4.16.1 General . 20
4.16.2 Donning . 20
4.16.3 Walking . 21
4.16.4 Climbing . 22
4.16.5 Dexterity and mobility . 22
4.17 In-water performance and field of vision tests . 23
4.17.1 Jump test . 23
4.17.2 Secondary donning . 23
4.17.3 Turning test . 23
4.17.4 Conspicuity . 24
4.17.5 Field of vision . 24
4.17.6 Swim and boarding test . 24
4.18 Helicopter transit suits . 25
4.18.1 Helicopter escape . 25
4.18.2 Buoyancy measurement . 25
Annex A (informative) Test results — Uncertainty of measurement . 26
Annex B (normative) Test protocol and checklist for manikin testing . 27
B.1 Test protocol for the laboratory thermal manikin . 27
B.1.1 Pre-test preparation . 27
B.1.2 Dressing . 27
B.1.3 Positioning and venting . 27
B.1.4 Water tank . 28
B.1.5 Air temperature sensor(s). 28
B.1.6 Water temperature sensor(s) . 28
B.1.7 Method of stirring water . 29
B.1.8 Conducting the test . 29
B.1.9 Post-test . 30
B.2 Checklist for test protocol for the laboratory thermal manikin . 31
B.2.1 Pre-test preparation . 31
B.2.2 Dressing . 31
B.2.3 Positioning and venting . 32
B.2.4 Water tank . 33
B.2.5 Air temperature sensor(s). 33
B.2.6 Water temperature sensor(s) . 33
B.2.7 Method of stirring water . 34
B.2.8 Conduct test . 34
B.2.9 Additional information . 35
B.2.10 Post-test . 35
Annex C (normative) Thermal manikin — Means of circulated water . 37
C.1 Principle . 37
C.2 Standard apparatus and operation . 37
C.3 Alternative systems . 37
Annex D (normative) Correlation of thermal manikin systems . 38
D.1 General . 38
D.2 Thermal manikin . 38
D.3 Alternate reference manikins . 38
D.4 Standard underclothing . 38
D.5 Operating conditions . 39
D.6 Thermal insulations of the set of immersion suit systems used for manikin correlation . 39
Annex E (informative) Thermal insulation identification for suit material — Test methods . 39
iv
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
E.1 General . 40
E.2 Test methods . 40
E.2.1 General . 40
E.2.2 Goodwin thermal insulation test . 41
E.2.3 Lund University sock method . 44
Annex F (informative) Medical fitness assessment for human thermal testing in cold water . 49
Bibliography . 50

v
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by the Technical Committee ISO/TC 188, Small craft, Subcommittee SC 1,
Personal safety equipment, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 162, Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets, in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15027-3:2012), which has been technically
revised.
TermsThe main changes are as follows:
— the terms and definitions have been addedrevised;
— in Clause 4, the order of testing has been changed and clarified;
— in 4.3Subclause 4.3,, a temperature and cycling test procedure for suits stored in sealed storage bags has
been added;
— in 4.5Subclause 4.5,, a test for tensile strength of seams has been added;
— in 4.7Subclause 4.7,, a buoyancy test has been added;
— in 4.8Subclause 4.8,, a suit strength test has been added;
— in 4.9Subclause 4.9,, a lifting loop test has been added;
— in Subclause 4.12.2, the number and sizes of human test subjects have been revised;
vi
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
— in 4.14.2Subclause 4.14.1,, the use of a thermal manikin has been revised;
— Annex B “Test protocol and checklist for manikin testing” has been added;
— Annex C “Thermal manikin — Means of circulated water” has been added;
— Annex D “Correlation of thermal manikin systems” has been added;
— Annex E “Thermal insulation identification for suit material — Test methods” has been added;
— Annex F “Medical fitness assessment for human thermal testing in cold water” has been added.
A list of all parts in the ISO 15027 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
vii
Immersion suits —
Part 3:
Test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the test methods for constant wear suits and abandonment suits.
Requirements for constant wear suits are given in ISO 15027-1:2024. Requirements for abandonment suits
are given in ISO 15027-2: 2024.:—.
Requirements for abandonment suits are given in ISO 15027-2:—.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 590:2022, Automotive fuels — Diesel — Requirements and test methods
EN 14225-1:2017, Diving suits - Part 1: Wet suits - Requirements and test methods
ISO 811188:20182023, Textile fabrics Textiles — Determination of resistance to water penetration —
Hydrostatic pressure test
ISO 12401:2009, Small craft — Deck safety harness and safety line — Safety requirements and test methods
ISO 12402-2:2020, Personal flotation devices — Part 2: Lifejackets, performance level 275 — Safety
requirements
ISO 12402-3:2020, Personal flotation devices — Part 3: Lifejackets, performance level 150 — Safety
requirements
ISO 12402-4:2020, Personal flotation devices — Part 4: Lifejackets, performance level 100 — Safety
requirements
ISO 12402-5:2020, Personal flotation devices — Part 5: Buoyancy aids (level 50) — Safety requirements
ISO 12402-6:2020, Personal flotation devices — Part 6: Special purpose lifejackets and buoyancy aids — Safety
requirements and additional test methods
ISO 12402-7:2020, Personal flotation devices — Part 7: Materials and components — Safety requirements and
test methods
ISO 12402-8:2020, Personal flotation devices — Part 8: Accessories — Safety requirements and test methods
ISO 12402-9:2020, Personal flotation devices — Part 9: Test methodsEvaluation
ISO 2768-1:1989, General tolerances — Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual
tolerance indications
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
ISO 12894:2001, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Medical supervision of individuals exposed to
extreme hot or cold environments
ISO 13935-2:2014, Textiles — Seam tensile properties of fabrics and made-up textile articles — Part 2:
Determination of maximum force to seam rupture using the grab method
1)
ISO 15027-1:20xx,:— , Immersion suits — Part 1: Constant wear suits,Safety and performance requirements
including safetyfor constant wear suits
2)
ISO 15027-2:20xx,:— , Immersion suits — Part 2: Abandonment suits,Safety and performance requirements
including safetyfor abandonment suits
ISO 15831:2004, Clothing — Physiological effects — Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal
manikin
EN 590:2022, Automotive fuels — Diesel — Requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15027-1 or:—, ISO 15027-2:— and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
test panel
group of persons experienced in testing immersion suits who observe the test subject undergoing the tests
3.2
thermal manikin system
equipment for measuring thermal insulation of immersion suit systems, including a human-shaped,
instrumented (temperature sensors and heaters) manikin and a control system with a computer interface
4 Test methods
4.1 General
Requirements, for which no special test methods are given in this document, shall be tested in one of the
following ways:
a) by tests referred to in ISO 15027--1:— and ISO 15027--2;:—; or
b) by measurement; or
c) by visual assessment; or
1)
Under preparation. This document, ISO 15027-1 and ISO 15027-2 are being developed together and will be published
together. The date will be added just before publication.
2)
Under preparation. This document, ISO 15027-1 and ISO 15027-2 are being developed together and will be published
together. The date will be added just before publication.
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
d) by functional test.
Prior to testing, materials and components shall be conditioned for (24 ± 0,1) h under standard atmosphere.
The temperature cycling test and the rotating shock bin test shall be carried out as pre-
conditioningpreconditioning before any other tests are carried out.
Annex A provides further information on uncertainty of measurement.
4.2 Sampling
Where materials and components are common to a range of suits, it is permitted to test just one sample of
each material or component, unless specified otherwise by the relevant test procedure.
Samples for testing shall be taken from the original garment or from material or materials used in the finished
garment.
When the number of samples to be tested is “at least [x]” or “a minimum of [x]” that number of [x] samples
have toshall be tested.
4.3 Temperature cycling test
4.3.1 General
The temperature cycling test shall be carried out as a preconditioning before all other tests.
4.3.2 Procedure
The suit, along with any attachments, shall be subjected to the following exposures with the suit packed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
If the suit is to beFor suits supplied in a sealed storage bag, such as hermetically sealed or vacuum packed, the
suit samples shall be exposed to this test in this condition, including the storage method.
The suit shall be subjected to 10 alternating cycles of 8 h continuous exposures to temperatures of (65 ± 2) °C
and (– 30 ± 2) °C. These alternating temperatures need not follow immediately after each other. On
completion of the temperature cycling test, the suit shall be visually inspected for signs of degradation to the
materials or construction or to any attachments.
4.4 Rotating shock bin test
4.4.1 General
The rotating shock bin test shall be carried out as a preconditioning after the temperature cycling test in 4.3
but before all other tests.
4.4.2 Apparatus
The equipment used shall be as shown in Figure 1, consisting of a box.
4.4.2.1 Box, of specific design made from plywood board or equivalent, the inside surface of which shall
be coated with hard plastic laminate or similar. The bearing of the bin shall be in the centre of the mass and
shall permit the bin to be rotated freely.
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Dimensions in millimetres
NOTE In this figure, dimensions are identical once rotated 180° on its central axis.
Figure 1 — Design of rotation shock bin apparatus
4.4.3 Procedure
The suit shall be placed in the bin through a flush panel in one of its faces, which shall then be closed and
-−1
secured. The bin shall then be rotated for a total of 150 revolutions at a steady rate of 6 min .
4.4.4 Evaluation
On completion of the revolutions, the suit shall be removed from the shock bin and examined for signs of wear
and tear, and for any signs that the thermal insulation material has migrated.
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Dimensions in millimetres
NOTE In this figure, dimensions are identical once rotated 180° on its central axis.
Figure 1 — Design of rotation shock bin apparatus
4.94.5 Tensile strength of seams
The tensile strength of seams shall be measured on separate samples using the grab method given in ISO
13935-2:2014, using specimens of at least 60 mm width and with at least 100 mm of material on each side of
the test point, with four similar seams for each type of seam including the seam between fastening devices,
including zip fasteners, and fabric.
4.104.6 Fuel resistance test
Three samples of all exterior fabrics, typical seams, apertures and components shall be placed in a suitable
container and submerge themsubmerged under a 100 mm head of diesel according toin accordance with
EN 590:2022 at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C for 24 h. After removal from the container, remove the surface
diesel by wiping. Subject the samples to a hydrostatic test according toin accordance with ISO 811188:2023
with a speed of 10 cm/min until 1 000 mm water head and then carry out a tensile seam strength test
according to 4.5.
4.114.7 Buoyancy test
4.11.14.7.1 Principle
The buoyancy of a suit that is designed to be used without a personal flotation device (PFD) shall be measured
using Archimedes’ principle of weighing the submerged device in water, as specified in 4.7.3below. .
Any inflatable chambers required to meet ISO 15027-2:20xx,:—, 4.11.8, shall be inflated.
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
The buoyancy loss of the suit shall be measured and recorded after entrapped air has been removed and 24 h
after the initial buoyancy has been measured.
4.11.24.7.2 Apparatus
The standard equipment required consists of:
a weighted4.7.2.1 Weighted cage, whosewith a submerged weight is greater than 1,1 times its expected
buoyancy value, and .
a tank4.7.2.2 Tank, of fresh water, deep enough to accommodate the device horizontally with its upper
surface at a depth of 100 mm to 150 mm below the water surface without contacting the sides of the tank or
the bottom and supported by a calibrated load cell or balance.
4.11.3 Procedure
4.7.3 Procedure
The suit shall be enclosed in thea weighted cage (4.7.2.1.).
The cage shall be suspended from the load cell in fresh water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C so that the upper
surface of the horizontally positioned suit is submerged at 100 mm to 150 mm below the surface. The
combined immersed weight shall be recorded as A.
The assembly shall remain immersed for (24,0 +0,5 -−0) h, after which time the combined immersed weight
shall again be recorded as B.
The suit shall finally be removed from the cage. The weighted cage (4.7.2.1) shall again be immersed and the
result again recorded as C.
The water temperature, air temperature, and atmospheric pressure shall be recorded at the start of each test
and then after completion of each test.
4.11.44.7.4 Results
The buoyancy values shall be corrected to a water temperature of 20 °C and an atmospheric pressure of
101,325 kPa.
The initial buoyancy is obtained by subtracting A from C. The final buoyancy is obtained by subtracting B
from C. The buoyancy lost during immersion is obtained by subtracting the final buoyancy from the initial
buoyancy.
4.124.8 Suit strength test
4.12.14.8.1 Principle
The suit shall be subject to tension via its integral structure, such as waist belt or harness arrangement, by
means of a specified load.
4.12.24.8.2 Apparatus
The apparatus consists of a horizontally4.8.2.1 Horizontally suspended upper cylinder, of diameter
(50 ± 5) mm for child suits, or of diameter (125 ± 10) mm for adult suits. The length of the test cylinder shall
be sufficient to accommodate the full width of the portion of the suit under test, as shown in Figure 2.
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Key
1 immersion suit 5 weight
2 suspension point 6 bottom cylinder
3 rope or cable 7 top cylinder
4 suit closure (closed)
Figure 2 — Suit strength test
4.8.3 Procedure
4.12.31.1.1 Procedure
The suit shall withstand a load of 1350 1 350 N for 30 min, without tearing, seams ripping, parts breaking, or
other damage that permits water entry or otherwise affectaffects the intended performance of the suit. One
sample of the suit shall be tested. Prior to the application of the load, the suit is toshall be immersed in water
for at least 2 min. The suit is toshall be placed in the test apparatus immediately after the immersion.
The load is toshall be applied by means of two cylinders (4.8.2.1,), as illustrated in Figure 2.
With the suit supported by the top cylinder and the primary suit closures of the suit closed and adjusted to
simulate use, a weight is toshall be attached to the bottom cylinder by means of ropes or cables to apply the
required load to the suit. When required, to accommodate the test apparatus, the suit is toshall be cut at the
wrists or waist, or holes are toshall be cut into the suit.
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Key
1 Immersion suit
2 Suspension point
3 Rope or cable
4 Suit closure (closed)
5 Weight
6 bottom cylinder
7 top cylinder
Figure 2 — Suit strength test
4.12.114.8.4 Results
The suit shall be examined for any failures resulting in functional damage of the suit.
4.134.9 Lifting loop test
4.13.14.9.1 Procedure
The suit shall be fitted to the appropriately sized dummy such as that shown in ISO 12401:2009, 5.2.2.2, or
the appropriately sized test form (see Figure 3) according to the manufacturer’s donning and adjustment
instructions.
A cylinder, (50 ± 5) mm in diameter, shall be put through the loop and a load of 3200 3 200 N shall be applied
steadily until the suit is hanging freely. The load shall be maintained for 30 min and shall include the mass of
the dummy or test form (see Figure 3).
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Key
Dimensions in millimetres
Size A B C D E F G H I
Adult 610 114 76,2 127 381 432 508 25,4 178
Child 508 102 76,2 102 279 330 406 22,2 152
Infant 305 63,5 38,1 63,5 191 203 241 19,1 76,2
NOTE General tolerances ISO 2768-1:1989, tolerance level “v”.
Figure 3 — Test form for vertical load test, lifting loop and buddy lines
4.144.10 Results
The suit and lifting loop shall be examined for any failures resulting in functional damage of the suit.
4.154.11 Flammability test
4.15.14.11.1 Principle
The suit system, excluding a separate PFD, is passed over a test pan with burning test fuel to determine if the
suit system burns or continues to melt after removal.
4.15.24.11.2 Apparatus
4.10.2.1 Test pan, (300 ± 20) mm × (350 ± 20) mm × (65 ± 5) mm.
4.10.2.2 Test fuel: petrol or n-heptane.
4.15.34.11.3 Sampling
One suit system, excluding a separate PFD, shall be subjected to the flammability test
4.15.44.11.4 Procedure
Place thea test pan (4.10.2.1) in a draught-free area so that the suit system, travels freely across the diagonal
distance of the test pan.
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Fill the test pan (4.10.2.1) with water to a depth of 10 mm, followed by enough petrol or n-heptane to make a
minimum total depth of 40 mm.
Ignite the petrol or n-heptane and allow to burn freely for 30 s.
Drape the suit system over a suitable hanger, folded at the waist with the front outward. The bottom of the
suit shall be (250 ± 20) mm from the top edge of the test pan (4.10.2.1,), see Figure 4. Secure loose parts above
the lower part of the suit.
Then expose the suit system at a constant speed that allows the suit system to be exposed to the flames for
(2 ± 0,1) s. The suit system shall start and finish the test 2 m away from the closest edge of the test pan
(4.10.2.1.).
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
a
1 suit Start.
b
2 test pan Finish.
Figure 4 — Flammability test
4.15.54.11.5 Evaluation
It shall be reported if the suit system, excluding a separate PFD, is destroyed by the flames. It shall be reported
whether the suit sustains burning or continues melting 6 s after being removed from the flames.
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 suit
2 test pan
a
Start.
b
Finish.
Figure 4 — Flammability test
4.294.12 Cleaning
Suit samples shall be cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer’s cleaning instructions to condition them
prior to testing. Five cleaning cycles shall be undertaken.
4.304.13 Human test subjects
4.30.14.13.1 Instruction and selection
All human test subjects shall be familiar with the use of the suit under test. They shall be informed and
instructed on the potential hazards of the tests.
4.30.24.13.2 Number and sizes of human test subjects
Where tests call for the use of human test subjects, unless otherwise specified, six people shall be used, each
wearing a suit of the appropriate size for the test subject, fitted in accordance with the stated height and chest
size of the suit. Their body sizes shall be within the heightsvalues for height and massesmass shown in Table 1.
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
Table 1 — Human test subject sizes
Height Mass
Subject Category
mm kg
1 1 400 to 1 600 1 person under 60
2 1 400 to 1 600 1 person over 60
3 1 601 to 1 800 1 person under 70
4 1 601 to 1 800 1 person over 70
5 >1 800 1 person under 80
6 >1 800 1 person over 100
NOTE Size categories relate to the size of test subjects only and do not relate to the size ranges of the suit products.
When selecting test subjects, care should be taken to achieve an evenly spaced range of subject height and
body mass.
If certain subject sizes in Table 1 are not applicable for the specific suit sizing, then subjects within the size
range of the suits shall be selected, for a minimum of six subjects. The sizes of the subjects should be evenly
distributed as much as possible to cover the range appropriate for the suit.
Table 1 — Human test subject sizes
Height Mass
Subject
category
mm kg
1 1 400 to 1 600 1 person under 60
2 1 400 to 1 600 1 person over 60
3 1 601 to 1 800 1 person under 70
4 1 601 to 1 800 1 person over 70
5 > 1 800 1 person under 80
6 > 1 800 1 person over 100
4.30.34.13.3 Gender of human test subjects
At least one and not more than three of the persons should be femalesfemale.
If the suit is gender specific, all subjects shall be of the specific gender.
4.30.44.13.4 Fitness of human test subjects
The persons complying with conforming to the criteria ofgiven in 4.12.1 shall:
— be capable of relaxing when in water out of their depth, ;
— be able to swim for 20 min and cover a distance of 350 m with the aid of an approved personal flotation
devicePFD as recommended by the manufacturer and, after sufficient rest, board the liferaftlife raft or
platform specified in 4.16.6.
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(en)
4.30.54.13.5 Dress of human test subjects
Throughout the following tests given in 4.13 to 4.16,, unless otherwise specified, the underclothing specified
by the manufacturer or, if not specified by the manufacturer, the standard underclothing according to
4.14.1.2.2, shall be worn by each human test subject.
4.30.64.13.6 Pass/fail criteria
Due to the high variability between human test subjects and the difficulty in assessing some subjective
measures, it is permitted that a device does not completely meet the requirements of the following subjective
tests given in 4.13 to 4.16 in a single sample and in no more than one human test subject.
NOTE For the purposes of this clause, “subjective tests” includes all tests that require the participation of human
test subjects.
In these circumstances, two other human test subjects within the same body mass category and with the same
gender, wearing the same size of suit, shall be subjected to the same test and before the same test panel. If this
additional test is still not clearly passed, then the device is deemed to have failed, whilstwhile if it is clearly
passed by the additional two subjects, the test panel may deem that the device has passed the test overall.
4.314.14 Water ingress measurement
4.31.14.14.1 Water ingress measurement for jumping
4.13.1.1 All suit samples shall be cleaned in accordance with 4.11 prior to the water ingress tests.
4.13.1.2 Each human test subject shall wear the suit system, excluding a separate PFD, with the standard
underclothing as specified by the manufacturer or, if not specified by the manufacturer, the standard
underclothing according to 4.14.12.2. The human test subject shall carefully enter the pool using the pool
ladder and remain there for at least 2 min in order to completely pre-wet the suit. The suit shall be vented of
excess air prior to this test according to the instructions of the manufacturer. If there is an inflatable element
on the suit, it shall not be inflated for this test.
4.13.1.3 The human test subject shall then climb out using the pool ladder, crouch, stretch, shake limbs and
then stand to permit excess water to run off the exterior of the suit and to remove the water from all trapped
areas. After 1 min, the human test subject shall be weighed, in order to establish the human test subject’s gross
mass before the leak test starts. The weighing scales shall have a capacity up to 150 kg, and a resolution of
0,02 kg or better.
4.13.1.4 Immediately after the pre-wetting and weighing, a PFD shall be donned and inflated if required.
The human test subject shall then cover the mouth and nose with one hand and cross the other arm over the
top, grasping the shoulder of the suit or of the PFD. The human tes
...

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 188/SC 1
Immersion suits —
Secretariat: AFNOR
Part 3:
Voting begins on:
2025-12-29
Test methods
Voting terminates on:
Combinaisons d'immersion —
2026-02-23
Partie 3: Méthodes d'essai
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 188/SC 1
Immersion suits —
Secretariat: AFNOR
Part 3:
Voting begins on:
Test methods
Voting terminates on:
Combinaisons d'immersion —
Partie 3: Méthodes d'essai
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test methods . 2
4.1 General .2
4.2 Sampling .2
4.3 Temperature cycling test . .2
4.3.1 General .2
4.3.2 Procedure .2
4.4 Rotating shock bin test .3
4.4.1 General .3
4.4.2 Apparatus .3
4.4.3 Procedure .3
4.4.4 Evaluation . .3
4.5 Tensile strength of seams .4
4.6 Fuel resistance test .4
4.7 Buoyancy test .4
4.7.1 Principle .4
4.7.2 Apparatus .4
4.7.3 Procedure .4
4.7.4 Results .4
4.8 Suit strength test .5
4.8.1 Principle .5
4.8.2 Apparatus .5
4.8.3 Procedure .5
4.8.4 Results .6
4.9 Lifting loop test .6
4.9.1 Procedure .6
4.9.2 Results .6
4.10 Flammability test .7
4.10.1 Principle .7
4.10.2 Apparatus .7
4.10.3 Sampling .7
4.10.4 Procedure .7
4.10.5 Evaluation .8
4.11 Cleaning .8
4.12 Human test subjects .8
4.12.1 Instruction and selection .8
4.12.2 Number and sizes of human test subjects .8
4.12.3 Gender of human test subjects .9
4.12.4 Fitness of human test subjects .9
4.12.5 Dress of human test subjects.9
4.12.6 Pass/fail criteria .9
4.13 Water ingress measurement .10
4.13.1 Water ingress measurement for jumping.10
4.13.2 Water ingress measurement for swimming .10
4.14 Thermal test.11
4.14.1 General .11
4.14.2 Using a thermal manikin .11
4.14.3 Using human test subjects .14
4.15 Ergonomic performance testing .16
4.15.1 General .16
4.15.2 Donning .17

iii
4.15.3 Walking .18
4.15.4 Climbing .18
4.15.5 Dexterity and mobility .19
4.16 In-water performance and field of vision tests .19
4.16.1 Jump test .19
4.16.2 Secondary donning . . 20
4.16.3 Turning test . 20
4.16.4 Conspicuity . 20
4.16.5 Field of vision. 20
4.16.6 Swim and boarding test .21
4.17 Helicopter transit suits .21
4.17.1 Helicopter escape .21
4.17.2 Buoyancy measurement .21
Annex A (informative) Test results — Uncertainty of measurement .23
Annex B (normative) Test protocol and checklist for thermal manikin testing .24
Annex C (normative) Thermal manikin — Means of circulated water .31
Annex D (normative) Correlation of thermal manikin systems .32
Annex E (informative) Thermal insulation identification for suit material — Test methods .34
Annex F (informative) Medical fitness assessment for human thermal testing in cold water . 41
Bibliography .42

iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188, Small craft, Subcommittee SC 1, Personal
safety equipment, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 162, Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets, in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15027-3:2012), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the terms and definitions have been revised;
— in Clause 4, the order of testing has been changed and clarified;
— in 4.3, a temperature and cycling test procedure for suits stored in sealed storage bags has been added;
— in 4.5, a test for tensile strength of seams has been added;
— in 4.7, a buoyancy test has been added;
— in 4.8, a suit strength test has been added;
— in 4.9, a lifting loop test has been added;
— in 4.12.2, the number and sizes of human test subjects have been revised;
— in 4.14.2, the use of a thermal manikin has been revised;
— Annex B “Test protocol and checklist for thermal manikin testing” has been added;
— Annex C “Thermal manikin — Means of circulated water” has been added;
— Annex D “Correlation of thermal manikin systems” has been added;
— Annex E “Thermal insulation identification for suit material — Test methods” has been added;

v
— Annex F “Medical fitness assessment for human thermal testing in cold water” has been added.
A list of all parts in the ISO 15027 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

vi
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 15027-3.2:2025(en)
Immersion suits —
Part 3:
Test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the test methods for constant wear suits and abandonment suits.
Requirements for constant wear suits are given in ISO 15027-1:—.
Requirements for abandonment suits are given in ISO 15027-2:—.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 811:2018, Textiles — Determination of resistance to water penetration — Hydrostatic pressure test
ISO 12402-9:2020, Personal flotation devices — Part 9: Evaluation
ISO 12894:2001, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Medical supervision of individuals exposed to
extreme hot or cold environments
ISO 13935-2:2014, Textiles — Seam tensile properties of fabrics and made-up textile articles — Part 2:
Determination of maximum force to seam rupture using the grab method
1)
ISO 15027-1:— , Immersion suits — Part 1: Safety and performance requirements for constant wear suits
2)
ISO 15027-2:— , Immersion suits — Part 2: Safety and performance requirements for abandonment suits
ISO 15831:2004, Clothing — Physiological effects — Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal
manikin
EN 590:2022, Automotive fuels — Diesel — Requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15027-1:—, ISO 15027-2:— and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
1) Under preparation. This document, ISO 15027-1 and ISO 15027-2 are being developed together and will be published
together. The date will be added just before publication.
2) Under preparation. This document, ISO 15027-1 and ISO 15027-2 are being developed together and will be published
together. The date will be added just before publication.

3.1
test panel
group of persons experienced in testing immersion suits who observe the test subject undergoing the tests
3.2
thermal manikin system
equipment for measuring thermal insulation of immersion suit systems, including a human-shaped,
instrumented (temperature sensors and heaters) thermal manikin and a control system with a computer
interface
4 Test methods
4.1 General
Requirements for which no special test methods are given in this document shall be tested in one of the
following ways:
a) by tests referred to in ISO 15027-1:— and ISO 15027-2:—; or
b) by measurement; or
c) by visual assessment; or
d) by functional test.
Prior to testing, materials and components shall be conditioned for (24 ± 0,1) h under standard atmosphere.
The temperature cycling test and the rotating shock bin test shall be carried out as preconditioning before
any other tests are carried out.
Annex A provides further information on uncertainty of measurement.
4.2 Sampling
Where materials and components are common to a range of suits, it is permitted to test just one sample of
each material or component, unless specified otherwise by the relevant test procedure.
Samples for testing shall be taken from the original garment or from material or materials used in the
finished garment.
When the number of samples to be tested is “at least [x]” or “a minimum of [x]” that number of [x] samples
shall be tested.
4.3 Temperature cycling test
4.3.1 General
The temperature cycling test shall be carried out as a preconditioning before all other tests.
4.3.2 Procedure
The suit, along with any attachments, shall be subjected to the following exposures with the suit packed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
For suits supplied in a sealed storage bag, such as hermetically sealed or vacuum packed, the suit samples
shall be exposed to this test in this condition, including the storage bag.
The suit shall be subjected to 10 alternating cycles of 8 h continuous exposures to temperatures of
(65 ± 2) °C and (– 30 ± 2) °C. These alternating temperatures need not follow immediately after each other.
On completion of the temperature cycling test, the suit shall be visually inspected for signs of degradation to
the materials or construction or to any attachments.

4.4 Rotating shock bin test
4.4.1 General
The rotating shock bin test shall be carried out as a preconditioning after the temperature cycling test in 4.3
but before all other tests.
4.4.2 Apparatus
The equipment used shall be as shown in Figure 1.
4.4.2.1 Box, of specific design made from plywood board or equivalent, the inside surface of which shall
be coated with hard plastic laminate or similar. The bearing of the bin shall be in the centre of the mass and
shall permit the bin to be rotated freely.
Dimensions in millimetres
NOTE In this figure, dimensions are identical once rotated 180° on its central axis.
Figure 1 — Design of rotation shock bin apparatus
4.4.3 Procedure
The suit shall be placed in the bin through a flush panel in one of its faces, which shall then be closed and
−1
secured. The bin shall then be rotated for a total of 150 revolutions at a steady rate of 6 min .
4.4.4 Evaluation
On completion of the revolutions, the suit shall be removed from the shock bin and examined for signs of
wear and tear, and for any signs that the thermal insulation material has migrated.

4.5 Tensile strength of seams
The tensile strength of seams shall be measured on separate samples using the grab method given in
ISO 13935-2:2014, using specimens of at least 60 mm width and with at least 100 mm of material on each
side of the test point, with four similar seams for each type of seam including the seam between fastening
devices, including zip fasteners, and fabric.
4.6 Fuel resistance test
Three samples of all exterior fabrics, typical seams, apertures and components shall be placed in a suitable
container and submerged under a 100 mm head of diesel in accordance with EN 590:2022 at a temperature
of (20 ± 2) °C for 24 h. After removal from the container, remove the surface diesel by wiping. Subject the
samples to a hydrostatic test in accordance with ISO 811:2018 with a speed of 10 cm/min until 1 000 mm
water head and then carry out a tensile seam strength test according to 4.5.
4.7 Buoyancy test
4.7.1 Principle
The buoyancy of a suit that is designed to be used without a personal flotation device (PFD) shall be
measured using Archimedes’ principle of weighing the submerged device in water, as specified in 4.7.3.
Any inflatable chambers required to meet ISO 15027-2:—, 4.11.8, shall be inflated.
The buoyancy of the suit shall be measured and recorded after entrapped air has been removed, and 24 h
after the initial buoyancy has been measured.
4.7.2 Apparatus
4.7.2.1 Weighted cage, with a submerged weight greater than 1,1 times its expected buoyancy value.
4.7.2.2 Tank, of fresh water, deep enough to accommodate the device horizontally with its upper surface
at a depth of 100 mm to 150 mm below the water surface without contacting the sides of the tank or the
bottom and supported by a calibrated load cell or balance.
4.7.3 Procedure
The suit shall be enclosed in a weighted cage (4.7.2.1).
The cage shall be suspended from the load cell in fresh water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C so that the
upper surface of the horizontally positioned suit is submerged at 100 mm to 150 mm below the surface. The
combined immersed weight shall be recorded as A.
05,
The assembly shall remain immersed for 24,0 h , after which time the combined immersed weight shall

0
again be recorded as B.
The suit shall finally be removed from the cage. The weighted cage (4.7.2.1) shall again be immersed and the
result again recorded as C.
The water temperature, air temperature and atmospheric pressure shall be recorded at the start of each test
and then after completion of each test.
4.7.4 Results
The buoyancy values shall be corrected to a water temperature of 20 °C and an atmospheric pressure of
101,325 kPa.
The initial buoyancy is obtained by subtracting A from C. The final buoyancy is obtained by subtracting B
from C. The buoyancy lost during immersion is obtained by subtracting the final buoyancy from the initial
buoyancy.
4.8 Suit strength test
4.8.1 Principle
The suit shall be subject to tension via its integral structure, such as waist belt or harness arrangement, by
means of a specified load.
4.8.2 Apparatus
4.8.2.1 Horizontally suspended upper cylinder, of diameter (50 ± 5) mm for child suits, or of diameter
(125 ± 10) mm for adult suits. The length of the test cylinder shall be sufficient to accommodate the full
width of the portion of the suit under test, as shown in Figure 2.
Key
1 immersion suit 5 weight
2 suspension point 6 bottom cylinder
3 rope or cable 7 top cylinder
4 suit closure (closed)
Figure 2 — Suit strength test
4.8.3 Procedure
The suit shall withstand a load of 1 350 N for 30 min, without tearing, seams ripping, parts breaking or other
damage that permits water entry or otherwise affects the intended performance of the suit. One sample of
the suit shall be tested. Prior to the application of the load, the suit shall be immersed in water for at least
2 min. The suit shall be placed in the test apparatus immediately after the immersion.
The load shall be applied by means of two cylinders (4.8.2.1), as illustrated in Figure 2.
With the suit supported by the top cylinder and the primary suit closures closed and adjusted to simulate
use, a weight shall be attached to the bottom cylinder by means of ropes or cables to apply the required load

to the suit. When required, to accommodate the test apparatus, the suit shall be cut at the wrists or waist, or
holes shall be cut into the suit.
4.8.4 Results
The suit shall be examined for any failures resulting in functional damage of the suit.
4.9 Lifting loop test
4.9.1 Procedure
The suit shall be fitted to the appropriately sized dummy such as that shown in ISO 12401:2009, 5.2.2.2, or
the appropriately sized test form (see Figure 3) according to the manufacturer’s donning and adjustment
instructions.
A cylinder, (50 ± 5) mm in diameter, shall be put through the loop and a load of 3 200 N shall be applied
steadily until the suit is hanging freely. The load shall be maintained for 30 min and shall include the mass of
the dummy or test form (see Figure 3).
Key
Dimensions in millimetres
Size A B C D E F G H I
Adult 610 114 76,2 127 381 432 508 25,4 178
Child 508 102 76,2 102 279 330 406 22,2 152
Infant 305 63,5 38,1 63,5 191 203 241 19,1 76,2
NOTE General tolerances ISO 2768-1:1989, tolerance level “v”.
Figure 3 — Test form for vertical load test, lifting loop and buddy lines
4.9.2 Results
The suit and lifting loop shall be examined for any failures resulting in functional damage of the suit.

4.10 Flammability test
4.10.1 Principle
The suit system, excluding a separate PFD, is passed over a test pan with burning test fuel to determine if the
suit system burns or continues to melt after removal.
4.10.2 Apparatus
4.10.2.1 Test pan, (300 ± 20) mm × (350 ± 20) mm × (65 ± 5) mm.
4.10.2.2 Test fuel: petrol or n-heptane.
4.10.3 Sampling
One suit system, excluding a separate PFD, shall be subjected to the flammability test
4.10.4 Procedure
Place a test pan (4.10.2.1) in a draught-free area so that the suit system travels freely across the diagonal
distance of the test pan.
Fill the test pan (4.10.2.1) with water to a depth of 10 mm, followed by enough petrol or n-heptane to make a
minimum total depth of 40 mm.
Ignite the petrol or n-heptane and allow to burn freely for 30 s.
Drape the suit system over a suitable hanger, folded at the waist with the front outward. The bottom of the
suit shall be (250 ± 20) mm from the top edge of the test pan (4.10.2.1), see Figure 4. Secure loose parts
above the lower part of the suit.
Then expose the suit system at a constant speed that allows the suit system to be exposed to the flames
for (2 ± 0,1) s. The suit system shall start and finish the test 2 m away from the closest edge of the test pan
(4.10.2.1).
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
a
1 suit Start.
b
2 test pan Finish.
Figure 4 — Flammability test
4.10.5 Evaluation
It shall be reported if the suit system, excluding a separate PFD, is destroyed by the flames. It shall be
reported whether the suit sustains burning or continues melting 6 s after being removed from the flames.
4.11 Cleaning
Suit samples shall be cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer’s cleaning instructions to condition them
prior to testing. Five cleaning cycles shall be undertaken.
4.12 Human test subjects
4.12.1 Instruction and selection
All human test subjects shall be familiar with the use of the suit under test. They shall be informed and
instructed on the potential hazards of the tests.
4.12.2 Number and sizes of human test subjects
Where tests call for the use of human test subjects, unless otherwise specified, six people shall be used, each
wearing a suit of the appropriate size for the test subject, fitted in accordance with the stated height and
chest size of the suit. Their body sizes shall be within the values for height and mass shown in Table 1.

When selecting test subjects, care should be taken to achieve an evenly spaced range of subject height and
body mass.
If certain subject sizes in Table 1 are not applicable for the specific suit sizing, then subjects within the size
range of the suits shall be selected, for a minimum of six subjects. The sizes of the subjects should be evenly
distributed as much as possible to cover the range appropriate for the suit.
Table 1 — Human test subject sizes
Height Mass
Subject
category
mm kg
1 1 400 to 1 600 1 person under 60
2 1 400 to 1 600 1 person over 60
3 1 601 to 1 800 1 person under 70
4 1 601 to 1 800 1 person over 70
5 > 1 800 1 person under 80
6 > 1 800 1 person over 100
NOTE Size categories relate to the size of test subjects only and do not relate to the size ranges of the suit products.
4.12.3 Gender of human test subjects
At least one and not more than three of the persons should be female.
If the suit is gender specific, all subjects shall be of the specific gender.
4.12.4 Fitness of human test subjects
The persons conforming to the criteria given in 4.12.1 shall:
— be capable of relaxing when in water out of their depth; and
— be able to swim for 20 min and cover a distance of 350 m with the aid of an approved PFD as recommended
by the manufacturer and, after sufficient rest, board the life raft or platform specified in 4.16.6.
4.12.5 Dress of human test subjects
Throughout the tests given in 4.13 to 4.16, unless otherwise specified, the underclothing specified by the
manufacturer or, if not specified by the manufacturer, the standard underclothing according to 4.14.2.2,
shall be worn by each human test subject.
4.12.6 Pass/fail criteria
Due to the high variability between human test subjects and the difficulty in assessing some subjective
measures, it is permitted that a device does not completely meet the requirements of the subjective tests
given in 4.13 to 4.16 in a single sample and in no more than one human test subject. Two other human test
subjects within the same body mass category and with the same gender, wearing the same size of suit, shall
be subjected to the same test and before the same test panel. If this additional test is still not clearly passed,
then the device is deemed to have failed, while if it is clearly passed by the additional two subjects, the test
panel may deem that the device has passed the test overall.
NOTE For the purposes of this clause, “subjective tests” includes all tests that require the participation of human
test subjects.
4.13 Water ingress measurement
4.13.1 Water ingress measurement for jumping
4.13.1.1 All suit samples shall be cleaned in accordance with 4.11 prior to the water ingress tests.
4.13.1.2 Each human test subject shall wear the suit system, excluding a separate PFD, with the standard
underclothing as specified by the manufacturer or, if not specified by the manufacturer, the standard
underclothing according to 4.14.2.2. The human test subject shall carefully enter the pool using the pool
ladder and remain there for at least 2 min in order to completely pre-wet the suit. The suit shall be vented
of excess air prior to this test according to the instructions of the manufacturer. If there is an inflatable
element on the suit, it shall not be inflated for this test.
4.13.1.3 The human test subject shall then climb out using the pool ladder, crouch, stretch, shake limbs
and then stand to permit excess water to run off the exterior of the suit and to remove the water from all
trapped areas. After 1 min, the human test subject shall be weighed, in order to establish the human test
subject’s gross mass before the leak test starts. The weighing scales shall have a capacity up to 150 kg, and a
resolution of 0,02 kg or better.
4.13.1.4 Immediately after the pre-wetting and weighing, a PFD shall be donned and inflated if required.
The human test subject shall then cover the mouth and nose with one hand and cross the other arm over the
top, grasping the shoulder of the suit or of the PFD. The human test subject shall then jump vertically, feet
+05,
first, into the pool from a height of (,45 )m .
4.13.1.5 After the jump, the human test subject shall climb out using the pool ladder, remove the PFD if
used, crouch, stretch, shake limbs and then stand to remove free water from all trapped areas. After 1 min,
the human test subject shall be weighed again. The increase in mass shall be recorded as the water ingress
from jumping for that individual test subject.
The suit shall then be removed to record the location of water ingress in the suit and the areas of wetted
underclothing.
The mean shall be calculated from the individual water ingress results of all of the subjects’ jump tests.
4.13.2 Water ingress measurement for swimming
4.13.2.1 Following the water ingress measurement for jumping, the human test subject shall re-don the suit
system using a dry set of underclothing and vent the suit. The human test subject shall then carefully enter
the pool using the pool ladder and remain there for at least 2 min in order to completely pre-wet the suit.
4.13.2.2 The human test subject shall then climb out using the pool ladder, crouch, stretch, shake limbs and
then stand to permit excess water to run off the exterior of the suit and to remove the water from all trapped
areas. After 1 min, the human test subject shall be weighed in order to establish the human test subject’s
gross mass before the swim starts.
4.13.2.3 Immediately after the pre-wetting and weighing, any hand protection provided with the suit shall
be donned and a PFD shall be donned and inflated if required. The human test subject shall then carefully
re-enter the pool using the pool ladder and swim on the back for 20 min, covering a distance of at least
350 m in this time. The hands and arms shall be kept in the water even if not being used for propulsion.
4.13.2.4 After the swim, the human test subject shall climb out using the pool ladder, remove the hand
protection and PFD if used, crouch, stretch, shake limbs and then stand to remove free water from all
trapped areas. After 1 min, the human test subject shall be weighed again. The increase in mass shall be

recorded. The suit shall then be removed to record the location of water ingress in the suit and the areas of
wetted underclothing.
The mean shall be calculated from the individual water ingress results of all of the subjects’ swimming tests.
4.14 Thermal test
4.14.1 General
The overall thermal insulation of the immersion suit shall be determined by use of a thermal manikin or
human test subjects.
The mean amount of water ingress from jumping (see 4.13.1) shall be added together with the mean amount
of water ingress from swimming (see 4.13.2) as the amount of water ingress for the thermal test.
Annex E provides information on test methods for thermal insulation identification for suit material.
4.14.2 Using a thermal manikin
4.14.2.1 General
The thermal manikin test method is not intended to duplicate the pattern of the heat loss nor the variation
between test subjects in physiological responses such as shivering and vasoconstriction experienced by
humans in cold water. The method provides a safe and ethical means of providing consistent and repeatable
measurements of the thermal insulation of suit systems including underclothing that have been shown to
correlate well to the required levels of human protection.
The thermal insulation of the suit system and associated underclothing is measured with a thermal manikin
which meets the requirements of 4.14.2.3 and which is wearing the suit system and associated underclothing
(see 4.14.2.2) and placed in a controlled water tank as per 4.14.2.4.
Conversion factors are then applied to correlate the result (see 4.14.2.6) to the reference thermal manikin
system, which itself has been shown to align with the necessary insulation values predicted by the Wissler
Model for the suit performance levels included in ISO 15027-1:—, Table 3, and ISO 15027-2:—, Table 3.
Procedures are provided to establish the relationship of additional thermal manikins to the Wissler Model
in order to be validated as reference thermal manikins (see Clause D.3).
The procedures given in 4.14.2 shall be used in accordance with Clause B.1.
Clause B.2 may be used when carrying out the test.
4.14.2.2 Standard underclothing
The underclothing to be worn in connection with the suit system should be specified by the manufacturer. If
not specified by the manufacturer, the followin
...

ISO/TC 188/SC 1
Secretariat: AFNOR
Date: 2024-07-092025-12-17
Immersion suits —
Part 3:
Test methods
Combinaisons de protection thermique en cas d'immersion —
Partie 3: Méthodes d'essai
FDIS stage
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test methods . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Sampling . 2
4.3 Temperature cycling test . 2
4.4 Rotating shock bin test . 3
4.5 Tensile strength of seams . 4
4.6 Fuel resistance test . 4
4.7 Buoyancy test . 4
4.8 Suit strength test . 5
4.9 Lifting loop test . 6
4.10 Flammability test . 7
4.11 Cleaning . 8
4.12 Human test subjects . 8
4.13 Water ingress measurement . 10
4.14 Thermal test . 11
4.15 Ergonomic performance testing . 16
4.16 In-water performance and field of vision tests . 19
4.17 Helicopter transit suits . 21
Annex A (informative) Test results — Uncertainty of measurement. 23
Annex B (normative) Test protocol and checklist for thermal manikin testing . 24
Annex C (normative) Thermal manikin — Means of circulated water . 32
Annex D (normative) Correlation of thermal manikin systems . 33
Annex E (informative) Thermal insulation identification for suit material — Test methods . 35
Annex F (informative) Medical fitness assessment for human thermal testing in cold water . 42
Bibliography . 43

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188, Small craft, Subcommittee SC 1, Personal
safety equipment, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 162, Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets, in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15027-3:2012), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the terms and definitions have been revised;
— in Clause 4, the order of testing has been changed and clarified;
— in 4.3, a temperature and cycling test procedure for suits stored in sealed storage bags has been added;
— in 4.5, a test for tensile strength of seams has been added;
— in 4.7, a buoyancy test has been added;
— in 4.8, a suit strength test has been added;
— in 4.9, a lifting loop test has been added;
— in 4.12.2, the number and sizes of human test subjects have been revised;
— in 4.14.2, the use of a thermal manikin has been revised;
iv
— Annex B “Test protocol and checklist for thermal manikin testing” has been added;
— Annex C “Thermal manikin — Means of circulated water” has been added;
— Annex D “Correlation of thermal manikin systems” has been added;
— Annex E “Thermal insulation identification for suit material — Test methods” has been added;
— Annex F “Medical fitness assessment for human thermal testing in cold water” has been added.
A list of all parts in the ISO 15027 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Immersion suits —
Part 3:
Test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the test methods for constant wear suits and abandonment suits.
Requirements for constant wear suits are given in ISO 15027-1:—.
Requirements for abandonment suits are given in ISO 15027-2:—.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 188:2023811:2018, Textiles — Determination of resistance to water penetration — Hydrostatic pressure
test
ISO 12402-9:2020, Personal flotation devices — Part 9: Evaluation
ISO 12894:2001, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Medical supervision of individuals exposed to
extreme hot or cold environments
ISO 13935-2:2014, Textiles — Seam tensile properties of fabrics and made-up textile articles — Part 2:
Determination of maximum force to seam rupture using the grab method
1)
ISO 15027-1:— , Immersion suits — Part 1: Safety and performance requirements for constant wear suits
2)
ISO 15027-2:— , Immersion suits — Part 2: Safety and performance requirements for abandonment suits
ISO 15831:2004, Clothing — Physiological effects — Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal
manikin
EN 590:2022, Automotive fuels — Diesel — Requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15027-1:—, ISO 15027-2:— and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp

1)
Under preparation. This document, ISO 15027-1 and ISO 15027-2 are being developed together and will be published
together. The date will be added just before publication.
2)
Under preparation. This document, ISO 15027-1 and ISO 15027-2 are being developed together and will be published
together. The date will be added just before publication.
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
test panel
group of persons experienced in testing immersion suits who observe the test subject undergoing the tests
3.2
thermal manikin system
equipment for measuring thermal insulation of immersion suit systems, including a human-shaped,
instrumented (temperature sensors and heaters) thermal manikin and a control system with a computer
interface
4 Test methods
4.1 General
Requirements for which no special test methods are given in this document shall be tested in one of the
following ways:
a) by tests referred to in ISO 15027-1:— and ISO 15027-2:—; or
b) by measurement; or
c) by visual assessment; or
d) by functional test.
Prior to testing, materials and components shall be conditioned for (24 ± 0,1) h under standard atmosphere.
The temperature cycling test and the rotating shock bin test shall be carried out as preconditioning before any
other tests are carried out.
Annex A provides further information on uncertainty of measurement.
4.2 Sampling
Where materials and components are common to a range of suits, it is permitted to test just one sample of
each material or component, unless specified otherwise by the relevant test procedure.
Samples for testing shall be taken from the original garment or from material or materials used in the finished
garment.
When the number of samples to be tested is “at least [x]” or “a minimum of [x]” that number of [x] samples
shall be tested.
4.3 Temperature cycling test
4.3.1 General
The temperature cycling test shall be carried out as a preconditioning before all other tests.
4.3.2 Procedure
The suit, along with any attachments, shall be subjected to the following exposures with the suit packed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
For suits supplied in a sealed storage bag, such as hermetically sealed or vacuum packed, the suit samples shall
be exposed to this test in this condition, including the storage methodbag.
The suit shall be subjected to 10 alternating cycles of 8 h continuous exposures to temperatures of (65 ± 2) °C
and (– 30 ± 2) °C. These alternating temperatures need not follow immediately after each other. On
completion of the temperature cycling test, the suit shall be visually inspected for signs of degradation to the
materials or construction or to any attachments.
4.4 Rotating shock bin test
4.4.1 General
The rotating shock bin test shall be carried out as a preconditioning after the temperature cycling test in 4.3
but before all other tests.
4.4.2 Apparatus
The equipment used shall be as shown in Figure 1.
4.4.2.1 Box, of specific design made from plywood board or equivalent, the inside surface of which shall be
coated with hard plastic laminate or similar. The bearing of the bin shall be in the centre of the mass and shall
permit the bin to be rotated freely.
Dimensions in millimetres
NOTE In this figure, dimensions are identical once rotated 180° on its central axis.
Figure 1 — Design of rotation shock bin apparatus
4.4.3 Procedure
The suit shall be placed in the bin through a flush panel in one of its faces, which shall then be closed and
−1
secured. The bin shall then be rotated for a total of 150 revolutions at a steady rate of 6 min .
4.4.4 Evaluation
On completion of the revolutions, the suit shall be removed from the shock bin and examined for signs of wear
and tear, and for any signs that the thermal insulation material has migrated.
4.5 Tensile strength of seams
The tensile strength of seams shall be measured on separate samples using the grab method given in ISO
13935-2:2014, using specimens of at least 60 mm width and with at least 100 mm of material on each side of
the test point, with four similar seams for each type of seam including the seam between fastening devices,
including zip fasteners, and fabric.
4.6 Fuel resistance test
Three samples of all exterior fabrics, typical seams, apertures and components shall be placed in a suitable
container and submerged under a 100 mm head of diesel in accordance with EN 590:2022 at a temperature
of (20 ± 2) °C for 24 h. After removal from the container, remove the surface diesel by wiping. Subject the
samples to a hydrostatic test in accordance with ISO 188:2023811:2018 with a speed of 10 cm/min until
1 000 mm water head and then carry out a tensile seam strength test according to 4.5.
4.7 Buoyancy test
4.7.1 Principle
The buoyancy of a suit that is designed to be used without a personal flotation device (PFD) shall be measured
using Archimedes’ principle of weighing the submerged device in water, as specified in 4.7.3.
Any inflatable chambers required to meet ISO 15027-2:—, 4.11.8, shall be inflated.
The buoyancy loss of the suit shall be measured and recorded after entrapped air has been removed, and 24 h
after the initial buoyancy has been measured.
4.7.2 Apparatus
4.7.2.1 Weighted cage, with a submerged weight greater than 1,1 times its expected buoyancy value.
4.7.2.2 Tank, of fresh water, deep enough to accommodate the device horizontally with its upper surface
at a depth of 100 mm to 150 mm below the water surface without contacting the sides of the tank or the
bottom and supported by a calibrated load cell or balance.
4.7.3 Procedure
The suit shall be enclosed in a weighted cage (4.7.2.1).
The cage shall be suspended from the load cell in fresh water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C so that the upper
surface of the horizontally positioned suit is submerged at 100 mm to 150 mm below the surface. The
combined immersed weight shall be recorded as A.
+0,5
The assembly shall remain immersed for (24,0 +0,5 −0) h(24,0 )h, after which time the combined
−0
immersed weight shall again be recorded as B.
The suit shall finally be removed from the cage. The weighted cage (4.7.2.1) shall again be immersed and the
result again recorded as C.
The water temperature, air temperature and atmospheric pressure shall be recorded at the start of each test
and then after completion of each test.
4.7.4 Results
The buoyancy values shall be corrected to a water temperature of 20 °C and an atmospheric pressure of
101,325 kPa.
The initial buoyancy is obtained by subtracting A from C. The final buoyancy is obtained by subtracting B
from C. The buoyancy lost during immersion is obtained by subtracting the final buoyancy from the initial
buoyancy.
4.8 Suit strength test
4.8.1 Principle
The suit shall be subject to tension via its integral structure, such as waist belt or harness arrangement, by
means of a specified load.
4.8.2 Apparatus
4.8.2.1 Horizontally suspended upper cylinder, of diameter (50 ± 5) mm for child suits, or of diameter
(125 ± 10) mm for adult suits. The length of the test cylinder shall be sufficient to accommodate the full width
of the portion of the suit under test, as shown in Figure 2.

Key
1 immersion suit 5 weight
2 suspension point 6 bottom cylinder
3 rope or cable 7 top cylinder
4 suit closure (closed)
Figure 2 — Suit strength test
4.8.3 Procedure
The suit shall withstand a load of 1 350 N for 30 min, without tearing, seams ripping, parts breaking or other
damage that permits water entry or otherwise affects the intended performance of the suit. One sample of the
suit shall be tested. Prior to the application of the load, the suit shall be immersed in water for at least 2 min.
The suit shall be placed in the test apparatus immediately after the immersion.
The load shall be applied by means of two cylinders (4.8.2.1), as illustrated in Figure 2.
With the suit supported by the top cylinder and the primary suit closures closed and adjusted to simulate use,
a weight shall be attached to the bottom cylinder by means of ropes or cables to apply the required load to the
suit. When required, to accommodate the test apparatus, the suit shall be cut at the wrists or waist, or holes
shall be cut into the suit.
4.8.4 Results
The suit shall be examined for any failures resulting in functional damage of the suit.
4.9 Lifting loop test
4.9.1 Procedure
The suit shall be fitted to the appropriately sized dummy such as that shown in ISO 12401:2009, 5.2.2.2, or
the appropriately sized test form (see Figure 3) according to the manufacturer’s donning and adjustment
instructions.
A cylinder, (50 ± 5) mm in diameter, shall be put through the loop and a load of 3 200 N shall be applied
steadily until the suit is hanging freely. The load shall be maintained for 30 min and shall include the mass of
the dummy or test form (see Figure 3).

Key
Dimensions in millimetres
Size A B C D E F G H I
Adult 610 114 76,2 127 381 432 508 25,4 178
Child 508 102 76,2 102 279 330 406 22,2 152
Infant 305 63,5 38,1 63,5 191 203 241 19,1 76,2
NOTE General tolerances ISO 2768-1:1989, tolerance level “v”.
Figure 3 — Test form for vertical load test, lifting loop and buddy lines
4.9.2 Results
The suit and lifting loop shall be examined for any failures resulting in functional damage of the suit.
4.10 Flammability test
4.10.1 Principle
The suit system, excluding a separate PFD, is passed over a test pan with burning test fuel to determine if the
suit system burns or continues to melt after removal.
4.10.2 Apparatus
4.10.2.1 Test pan, (300 ± 20) mm × (350 ± 20) mm × (65 ± 5) mm.
4.10.2.2 Test fuel: petrol or n-heptane.
4.10.3 Sampling
One suit system, excluding a separate PFD, shall be subjected to the flammability test
4.10.4 Procedure
Place a test pan (4.10.2.1) in a draught-free area so that the suit system travels freely across the diagonal
distance of the test pan.
Fill the test pan (4.10.2.1) with water to a depth of 10 mm, followed by enough petrol or n-heptane to make a
minimum total depth of 40 mm.
Ignite the petrol or n-heptane and allow to burn freely for 30 s.
Drape the suit system over a suitable hanger, folded at the waist with the front outward. The bottom of the
suit shall be (250 ± 20) mm from the top edge of the test pan (4.10.2.1), see Figure 4. Secure loose parts above
the lower part of the suit.
Then expose the suit system at a constant speed that allows the suit system to be exposed to the flames for
(2 ± 0,1) s. The suit system shall start and finish the test 2 m away from the closest edge of the test pan
(4.10.2.1).
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
a
1 suit Start.
b
2 test pan Finish.
Figure 4 — Flammability test
4.10.5 Evaluation
It shall be reported if the suit system, excluding a separate PFD, is destroyed by the flames. It shall be reported
whether the suit sustains burning or continues melting 6 s after being removed from the flames.
4.11 Cleaning
Suit samples shall be cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer’s cleaning instructions to condition them
prior to testing. Five cleaning cycles shall be undertaken.
4.12 Human test subjects
4.12.1 Instruction and selection
All human test subjects shall be familiar with the use of the suit under test. They shall be informed and
instructed on the potential hazards of the tests.
4.12.2 Number and sizes of human test subjects
Where tests call for the use of human test subjects, unless otherwise specified, six people shall be used, each
wearing a suit of the appropriate size for the test subject, fitted in accordance with the stated height and chest
size of the suit. Their body sizes shall be within the values for height and mass shown in Table 1.
NOTE Size categories relate to the size of test subjects only and do not relate to the size ranges of the suit products.
When selecting test subjects, care should be taken to achieve an evenly spaced range of subject height and
body mass.
If certain subject sizes in Table 1 are not applicable for the specific suit sizing, then subjects within the size
range of the suits shall be selected, for a minimum of six subjects. The sizes of the subjects should be evenly
distributed as much as possible to cover the range appropriate for the suit.
Table 1 — Human test subject sizes
Height Mass
Subject
category
mm kg
1 1 400 to 1 600 1 person under 60
2 1 400 to 1 600 1 person over 60
3 1 601 to 1 800 1 person under 70
4 1 601 to 1 800 1 person over 70
5 > 1 800 1 person under 80
6 > 1 800 1 person over 100
NOTE Size categories relate to the size of test subjects only and do not relate to the size ranges of the suit products.
4.12.3 Gender of human test subjects
At least one and not more than three of the persons should be female.
If the suit is gender specific, all subjects shall be of the specific gender.
4.12.4 Fitness of human test subjects
The persons conforming to the criteria given in 4.12.1 shall:
— be capable of relaxing when in water out of their depth; and
— be able to swim for 20 min and cover a distance of 350 m with the aid of an approved PFD as recommended
by the manufacturer and, after sufficient rest, board the life raft or platform specified in 4.16.6.
4.12.5 Dress of human test subjects
Throughout the tests given in 4.13 to 4.16, unless otherwise specified, the underclothing specified by the
manufacturer or, if not specified by the manufacturer, the standard underclothing according to 4.14.2.2, shall
be worn by each human test subject.
4.12.6 Pass/fail criteria
Due to the high variability between human test subjects and the difficulty in assessing some subjective measures, it is
permitted that a device does not completely meet the requirements of the subjective tests given in 4.13 to 4.16 in a single
sample and in no more than one human test subject. TwoNOTE For the purposes of this clause, “subjective tests”
includes all tests that require the participation of human test subjects.
In these circumstances, two other human test subjects within the same body mass category and with the same
gender, wearing the same size of suit, shall be subjected to the same test and before the same test panel. If this
additional test is still not clearly passed, then the device is deemed to have failed, while if it is clearly passed
by the additional two subjects, the test panel may deem that the device has passed the test overall.
NOTE For the purposes of this clause, “subjective tests” includes all tests that require the participation of human
test subjects.
4.13 Water ingress measurement
4.13.1 Water ingress measurement for jumping
4.13.1.1 All suit samples shall be cleaned in accordance with 4.11 prior to the water ingress tests.
4.13.1.2 Each human test subject shall wear the suit system, excluding a separate PFD, with the standard
underclothing as specified by the manufacturer or, if not specified by the manufacturer, the standard
underclothing according to 4.14.2.2. The human test subject shall carefully enter the pool using the pool ladder
and remain there for at least 2 min in order to completely pre-wet the suit. The suit shall be vented of excess
air prior to this test according to the instructions of the manufacturer. If there is an inflatable element on the
suit, it shall not be inflated for this test.
4.13.1.3 The human test subject shall then climb out using the pool ladder, crouch, stretch, shake limbs and
then stand to permit excess water to run off the exterior of the suit and to remove the water from all trapped
areas. After 1 min, the human test subject shall be weighed, in order to establish the human test subject’s gross
mass before the leak test starts. The weighing scales shall have a capacity up to 150 kg, and a resolution of
0,02 kg or better.
4.13.1.4 Immediately after the pre-wetting and weighing, a PFD shall be donned and inflated if required. The
human test subject shall then cover the mouth and nose with one hand and cross the other arm over the top,
grasping the shoulder of the suit or of the PFD. The human test subject shall then jump vertically, feet first,
+ 𝟎𝟎,𝟓𝟓
into the pool from a height of (𝟒𝟒,𝟓𝟓  ) m.
𝟎𝟎
4.13.1.5 After the jump, the human test subject shall climb out using the pool ladder, remove the PFD if used,
crouch, stretch, shake limbs and then stand to remove free water from all trapped areas. After 1 min, the
human test subject shall be weighed again. The increase in mass shall be recorded as the water ingress from
jumping for that individual test subject.
The suit shall then be removed to record the location of water ingress in the suit and the areas of wetted
underclothing.
The mean shall be calculated from the individual water ingress results of all of the subjects’ jump tests.
4.13.2 Water ingress measurement for swimming
4.13.2.1 Following the water ingress measurement for jumping, the human test subject shall re-don the suit
system using a dry set of underclothing and vent the suit. The human test subject shall then carefully enter the
pool using the pool ladder and remain there for at least 2 min in order to completely pre-wet the suit.
4.13.2.2 The human test subject shall then climb out using the pool ladder, crouch, stretch, shake limbs and
then stand to permit excess water to run off the exterior of the suit and to remove the water from all trapped
areas. After 1 min, the human test subject shall be weighed in order to establish the human test subject’s gross
mass before the swim starts.
4.13.2.3 Immediately after the pre-wetting and weighing, any hand protection provided with the suit shall
be donned and a PFD shall be donned and inflated if required. The human test subject shall then carefully re-
enter the pool using the pool ladder and swim on the back for 20 min, covering a distance of at least 350 m in
this time. The hands and arms shall be kept in the water even if not being used for propulsion.
4.13.2.4 After the swim, the human test subject shall climb out using the pool ladder, remove the hand
protection and PFD if used, crouch, stretch, shake limbs and then stand to remove free water from all trapped
areas. After 1 min, the human test subject shall be weighed again. The increase in mass shall be recorded. The
suit shall then be removed to record the location of water ingress in the suit and the areas of wetted
underclothing.
The mean shall be calculated from the individual water ingress results of all of the subjects’ swimming tests.
4.14 Thermal test
4.14.1 General
The overall thermal insulation of the immersion suit shall be determined by use of a thermal manikin or
human test subjects.
The mean amount of water ingress from jumping (see 4.13.1) shall be added together with the mean amount
of water ingress from swimming (see 4.13.2) as the amount of water ingress for the thermal test.
Annex E provides information on test methods for thermal insulation identification for suit material.
4.14.2 Using a thermal manikin
4.14.2.1 General
The thermal manikin test method is not intended to duplicate the pattern of the heat loss nor the variation
between test subjects in physiological responses such as shivering and vasoconstriction experienced by
humans in cold water. The method provides a safe and ethical means of providing consistent and repeatable
measurements of the thermal insulation of suit systems including underclothing that have been shown to
correlate well to the required levels of human protection.
The thermal insulation of the suit system and associated underclothing is measured with a thermal manikin
which meets the requirements of 4.14.2.3 and which is wearing the suit system and associated underclothing
(see 4.14.2.2) and placed in a controlled water tank as per 4.14.2.4.
Conversion factors are then applied to correlate the result (see 4.14.2.6) to the reference thermal manikin
system, which itself has been shown to align with the necessary insulation values predicted by the Wissler
Model for the suit performance levels included in ISO 15027-1:—, Table 3, and ISO 15027-2:—, Table 3.
Procedures are provided to establish the relationship of additional thermal manikins to the Wissler Model in
order to be validated as reference thermal manikins (see Clause D.3).
The procedures given in 4.14.2 shall be used in accordance with Clause B.1.
Clause B.2 may be used when carrying out the test.
4.14.2.2 Standard underclothing
The underclothing to be worn in connection with the suit system should be specified by the manufacturer. If
not specified by the manufacturer, the following standard underclothing shall be used for testing:
— For suit system of thermal performance level A:
— underwear (short-sleeved, short-legged);
— long-sleeved shirt;
— trousers (not woollen);
— woollen socks;
— appropriate footwear (if the suit is used with footwear).
The thermal insulation of the dry standard underclothing shall be tested in accordance with
ISO 15831:2004, and shall be no more than 1 clo value measured with the thermal manikin in air.
— For suit system of thermal performance levels B, C, D and E:
— same as for thermal performance level A, with the addition of two woollen long-sleeved pullovers.
The underclothing shall be in good condition and shall not be altered by use or otherwise damaged. The size
of each piece of underclothing shall be suitable for the thermal manikin or each human test subject.
4.14.2.3 Thermal manikin
A thermal manikin shall be constructed so that it:
a) has a surface area and shape similar to that of a 50th percentile man and has at least nine segments
representing the head, upper torso, right and left arms, hip, right and left thigh, and right and left lower
legs;
b) can be dressed in the underclothing specified by the manufacturer or in standard underclothing according
to 4.14.2.2;
c) is capable of being heated to and controlled at a programmable uniform temperature in each segment;
d) can control and measure temperatures and power inputs, and calculate, record and present the
parameters;
e) can be immersed to the neck in water without causing failure in the electrical system if water leaks inside
the outer clothing;
f) can be calibrated both in and out of the water;
g) shows repeatable results with less than 4 % coefficient of variation (C ) for three tests on the same suit
V
system
4.14.2.4 Controlled test environment
4.14.2.4.1 General
The thermal manikin shall be immersed in a water tank of sufficient size to float the thermal manikin freely
with no contact with a wall or floor surface. Ensure that the water is calm but circulated (see 4.14.2.4.4).
Variations in the environment temperature during the entire test period shall not exceed the following:
— air temperature: ±3,0 °C
— water temperature: ±1,0 °C
Variations in the environment temperature within any 1 min interval during the total test period shall not
exceed the following:
— air temperature: ±1,0 °C
— water temperature: ±0,5 °C
4.14.2.4.2 Air temperature sensor(s)
To monitor air temperature above the water tank during the test, each sensor shall have an overall accuracy
of ±0,3 °C and a time constant not exceeding 1 min. One sensor may be used; however, multiple sensors are
preferable.
Each temperature sensor shall be placed at a distance of (0,3 ± 0,1) m from the thermal manikin. If multiple
sensors are used, they shall be spaced at equal heights above the water surface, and their readings shall be
averaged.
4.14.2.4.3 Water temperature sensor(s)
To monitor water temperature in the water tank during the test, at least two sensors(s) with an overall
accuracy of ±0,3 °C and a time constant not exceeding 1 min shall be used.
The two water temperature sensors shall be placed at equal depths below the water surface on each side of
the thermal manikin and their readings averaged. If more than two sensors are used, they also shall be placed
at equal depths. All of the sensor readings shall be averaged.
4.14.2.4.4 Method of stirring water
Stirred water conditions for an immersed thermal manikin test shall be in accordance with Annex C.
4.14.2.5 Procedure
4.14.2.5.1 General
The thermal protection provided by a suit system shall be assessed by measurement of the effective insulation
of the whole suit system and associated underclothing placed on a thermal manikin in accordance with
Annex B and immersed in calm but circulated water in accordance with Annex C.
The reported result from any thermal manikin test of an immersion suit system is the average of three tests
on the same suit system.
The underclothing shall be removed from the thermal manikin and weighed between tests to determine and
record any leakagewater ingress that occurred during the thermal testing.
4.14.2.5.2 Flotation position
The flotation position shall be defined by using a male human test subject of similar size to the thermal manikin
and having an in-water weight of (55 ± 10) N, so that the suit system is tested consistent with how humans
are supported in the water.
The in-water weight of this human test subject wearing a swim suit is taken with the tip of the chin and bottom
of the ear lobes touching the water at the bottom of the normal breathing cycle. The in-water weight is the
highest repeated value out of 10 readings or the third highest value if none is repeated.
The subject wearing underclothing shall don the suit system, inflate any auxiliary buoyancy element and enter
the calm water. The subject shall assume a relaxed, floating position. The freeboard shall be measured to the
mouth, abdomen and toes, perpendicular from the surface of the water, and recorded. The freeboard and body
position of the thermal manikin shall be adjusted to those measured using human subject.
An immersion frame or equivalent system shall be used to secure and position the thermal manikin in the
flotation position.
4.14.2.5.3 Water ingress simulation
The amount of water according to 4.14 shall be added at locations similar to that experienced in those tests.
4.14.2.6 Correlation of thermal manikin system
In order to correlate a candidate thermal manikin system and the related operating conditions, the effective
insulation shall be measured in accordance with 4.14.2.5 on a set of correlation suit systems which have been
tested on a reference thermal manikin system in accordance with Annex D.
A linear or exponential correlation shall be found between the thermal insulation figures determined from the
measurement and the thermal insulations of the set of correlation suit systems measured on the reference
thermal manikin system in accordance with Annex D.
The deviation of the values of the thermal insulations obtained by applying this linear or exponential
correlation from the reference thermal insulation values of the set of correlation suit systems shall fulfil the
following requirements:
a) mean deviation with the complete set of the correlation suit systems shall be 5 % C ;
V
b) an individual deviation shall not be > 10 %;
c) the repeatability of the measurement on each correlation suit system shall be better than 4 % C
V.
4.14.3 Using human test subjects
4.14.3.1 Human test subjects
Human test subjects shall be volunteers meeting the requirements in 4.12.2 and shall have signed an informed
consent form. Children (person aged 16 years or younger) shall not undergo thermal tests.
Due to the nature of this test, different human test subjects to those used in the other tests may be used.
The testing laboratory shall take care of ethical principles and the safety of the human test subjects.
[6]
NOTE Attention is drawn to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
The guidance provided in ISO 12894:2001 shall be followed by those undertaking medical fitness assessments
and providing medical supervision of human test subjects.
Each human test subject shall be medically screened prior to the start of each test in accordance with
ISO 12894:2001, Clause D.2, including the use of the medical fitness assessment questionnaire detailed in
ISO 12894:2001, Clause D.6. Additional guidance regarding the medical fitness assessment of human test
subjects is provided in Annex F.
Thermal testing shall be monitored, supervised and reported by a physician or physiologist who is
experienced with the medical treatment of hypothermia. For the preparation of the tests, ISO 9886 and
ISO 10551 should also be considered.
Each human test subject shall be familiarized with the test procedure and the risks involved. They should have
had a normal night’s sleep before the test, a well-balanced meal 1 h to 5 h before the test and no alcoholic
beverages for 24 h prior to the test. In addition to the suit system, each human test subject shall wear the
underclothing specified by the manufacturer or, if not specified by the manufacturer, the standard
underclothing according to 4.14.2.2.
4.14.3.2 Skin temperature measurement sites
Skin temperature transducers shall be placed at 16 sites (S1… S16), as shown in Figure 5.
The transducers shall be capable of measuring the temperature with an accuracy of ±0,2 °C.
Key
1 forehead (S1) 10 right anterior thigh (S10)
2 neck (S2) 11 left posterior thigh (S11)
3 right scapula (S3) 12 right shin (S12)
4 left upper chest (S4) 13 left calf (S13)
5 right arm — upper location (S5) 14 right instep (S14)
6 left arm — lower location (S6) 15 left heel (S15)
7 left hand (S7) 16 small finger (S16)
8 right abdomen (S8) T rectal temperature
R
9 left paravertebral (S9)
Figure 5 — Position of measuring sites
4.14.3.3 Procedure
4.14.3.3.1 General
Each human test subject may be fitted with electrocardiogram (ECG) leads, and the ECG may be monitored
from 10 min prior to immersion to the time when rectal and skin temperatures have returned to normal levels.
A defibrillator shall be accessible and available during the test.
Each human test subject shall be fitted with a rectal thermistor and 16 skin temperature transducers for the
measurement of body temperature.
Following the placement of the transducers on the body, the human test subjects shall don the underclothing
specified by the manufacturer or, if not specified by the manufacturer, the standard underclothing according
to 4.14.2.2, and the suit system. The water shall be introduced between the suit system and the underclothing
in the approximate locations as determined in 4.13.1 and 4.13.2. All primary and secondary suit closures shall
be secured. The human test subjects shall enter the still water with care and assume a relaxed position. Human
test subjects may undertake moderate activity movement to prevent discomfort during the exposure.
The test shall be stopped if any human test subject’s core temperature has fallen more than 2 °C. The test shall
be stopped if any human test subject’s skin temperature has decreased to ≤ 10 °C at any of the 16 specified
transducers for more than 15 min.
...

PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/FDIS 15027-3
ISO/TC 188/SC 1
Combinaisons d'immersion —
Secrétariat: AFNOR
Partie 3:
Début de vote:
2024-07-29
Méthodes d'essai
Vote clos le:
Immersion suits —
2024-09-23
Part 3: Test methods
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
PROJETS DE NORMES
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
NORMES POUVANT
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
Numéro de référence
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr) © ISO 2024

PROJET FINAL
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
Norme
internationale
ISO/FDIS 15027-3
ISO/TC 188/SC 1
Combinaisons d'immersion —
Secrétariat: AFNOR
Partie 3:
Début de vote:
Méthodes d'essai 2024-07-29
Vote clos le:
Immersion suits —
2024-09-23
Part 3: Test methods
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
© ISO 2024 INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
PROJETS DE NORMES
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
NORMES POUVANT
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
ISO copyright office
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Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse Numéro de référence
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr) © ISO 2024

ii
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .v
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 2
4 Méthodes d'essai . 2
4.1 Généralités .2
4.2 Échantillonnage .2
4.3 Essais de résistance aux variations de températures .3
4.3.1 Généralités .3
4.3.2 Mode opératoire . .3
4.4 Essai de choc dans la cuve rotative .3
4.4.1 Généralités .3
4.4.2 Appareillage.3
4.4.3 Mode opératoire . .4
4.4.4 Évaluation . .4
4.5 Résistance à la traction des joints ou coutures .4
4.6 Essai de résistance au carburant .4
4.7 Essai de flottabilité .5
4.7.1 Principe.5
4.7.2 Appareillage.5
4.7.3 Mode opératoire . .5
4.7.4 Résultats .5
4.8 Essai de résistance de la combinaison .5
4.8.1 Principe.5
4.8.2 Appareillage.6
4.8.3 Mode opératoire . .6
4.8.4 Résultats .6
4.9 Essai de la boucle de repêchage.7
4.9.1 Mode opératoire . .7
4.10 Résultats .7
4.11 Essai d'inflammabilité .8
4.11.1 Principe.8
4.11.2 Appareillage.8
4.11.3 Échantillonnage.8
4.11.4 Mode opératoire .8
4.11.5 Évaluation . .9
4.12 Nettoyage .9
4.13 Sujets d'essai humains .9
4.13.1 Formation et sélection . .9
4.13.2 Nombre et taille des sujets d'essai humains .9
4.13.3 Sexe des sujets d'essai humains .10
4.13.4 Condition physique des sujets d'essai humains .10
4.13.5 Habillement des sujets d'essai humains .10
4.13.6 Critères de réussite/échec .10
4.14 Mesure de l'entrée d'eau .11
4.14.1 Mesure de l'entrée d'eau lors de l'essai de saut .11
4.14.2 Mesure d'entrée d'eau lors de l'essai de natation .11
4.15 Essai thermique . 12
4.15.1 Généralités . 12
4.15.2 Utilisation d'un mannequin thermique . 12
4.15.3 Recours à des sujets d'essai humains . 15
4.16 Essais de performance ergonomique .18
4.16.1 Généralités .18
4.16.2 Enfilage .18

iii
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
4.16.3 Marcher .19
4.16.4 Grimper . 20
4.16.5 Dextérité et mobilité . 20
4.17 Essais de performance dans l'eau et essai de champ de vision .21
4.17.1 Essai de saut .21
4.17.2 Enfilage secondaire .21
4.17.3 Essai de retournement .21
4.17.4 Repérage . 22
4.17.5 Champ visuel . 22
4.17.6 Essai de natation et d'embarquement . 22
4.18 Combinaisons pour passagers d'hélicoptère . 23
4.18.1 Échappée d'hélicoptère . 23
4.18.2 Mesurage de la flottabilité . 23
Annexe A (informative) Résultats d'essais — Incertitude de mesure .24
Annexe B (normative) Mode opératoire et liste de vérification pour les essais avec un
mannequin .25
Annexe C (normative) Mannequin thermique — Moyens de brassage de l'eau .33
Annexe D (normative) Correspondances entre les systèmes de mannequins thermiques .34
Annexe E (normative) Identification de l'isolation thermique du matériau de la combinaison —
Méthodes d'essai .36
Annexe F (informative) Évaluation de l'état de santé des sujets humains avant les essais
thermiques en eau froide .43
Bibliographie .44

iv
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L'ISO attire l'attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l'utilisation
d'un ou de plusieurs brevets. L'ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l'applicabilité
de tout droit de propriété revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l'ISO
n'avait pas reçu notification qu'un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application.
Toutefois, il y a lieu d'avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des
informations plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à
l'adresse www.iso.org/brevets. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié tout ou
partie de tels droits de brevet.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l'intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion de
l'ISO aux principes de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 188, Petits navires, sous-comité SC 1,
Équipements de sécurité individuels, en collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/TC 162, Vêtements
de protection, y compris la protection de la main et du bras et y compris les gilets de sauvetage, du Comité
européen de normalisation (CEN), conformément à l'Accord de coopération technique entre l'ISO et le CEN
(Accord de Vienne).
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (ISO 15027-3:2012), qui a fait l'objet d'une
révision technique.
Les principales modifications sont les suivantes:
— les termes et définitions ont été révisés;
— à l'Article 4, modification et clarification de l'ordre des essais;
— en 4.3, ajout d'un mode opératoire d'essai par exposition des combinaisons à des cycles de température
dans leur sachet d'emballage étanche;
— en 4.5, ajout d'un essai de résistance à la traction des joints ou coutures;
— en 4.7, ajout d'un essai de flottabilité;
— en 4.8, ajout d'un essai de résistance mécanique des combinaisons;
— en 4.9, ajout d'un essai de la boucle de repêchage;
— en 4.12.2, révision du nombre et de la taille des sujets d'essai humains;
— en 4.14.2, révision de l'utilisation d'un mannequin thermique;

v
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
— ajout de l'Annexe B, «Mode opératoire et liste de vérification pour les essais avec un mannequin»;
— ajout de l'Annexe C, «Mannequin thermique — Moyens de brassage de l'eau»;
— ajout de l'Annexe D, «Correspondances entre les systèmes de mannequins thermiques»;
— ajout de l'Annexe E, «Identification de l'isolation thermique du matériau de la combinaison — Méthodes
d'essai»;
— ajout de l'Annexe F, «Évaluation de l'état de santé des sujets humains avant les essais thermiques en eau
froide».
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 15027 se trouve sur le site web de l'ISO.
Il convient que l'utilisateur adresse tout retour d'information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l'organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l'adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.

vi
PROJET FINAL Norme internationale ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
Combinaisons d'immersion —
Partie 3:
Méthodes d'essai
1 Domaine d'application
Le présent document spécifie les méthodes d'essai qui s'appliquent aux combinaisons de port permanent et
aux combinaisons d'abandon.
Les exigences concernant les combinaisons de port permanent sont données dans l'ISO 15027-1:—.
Les exigences concernant les combinaisons d'abandon sont données dans l'ISO 15027-2:—.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu'ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour
les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 188:2023, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique — Essais de résistance au vieillissement accéléré et à
la chaleur
ISO 12402-9:2020, Équipements individuels de flottabilité — Partie 9: Évaluation
ISO 12894:2001, Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques — Surveillance médicale des personnes exposées à la
chaleur ou au froid extrêmes
ISO 13935-2:2014, Textiles — Propriétés de résistance à la traction des coutures d'étoffes et d'articles textiles
confectionnés — Partie 2: Détermination de la force maximale avant rupture des coutures par la méthode
d'arrachement (Grab test)
1)
ISO 15027-1 , Combinaisons d’immersion — Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité et de performance pour les
combinaisons de port permanent
2)
ISO 15027-2 , Combinaisons d’immersion — Partie 2: Exigences de sécurité et de performance pour les
combinaisons d’abandon
ISO 15831:2004, Vêtements — Effets physiologiques — Mesurage de l'isolation thermique à l'aide d'un
mannequin thermique
EN 590:2022, Carburants pour automobiles — Carburant pour moteur diesel (gazole) — Exigences et
méthodes d’essai
1) En cours d'élaboration. Le présent document, l'ISO 15027-1 et l'ISO 15027-2 sont développés conjointement et
seront publiés en même temps. La date sera ajoutée peu de temps avant la publication.
2) En cours d'élaboration. Le présent document, l'ISO 15027-1 et l'ISO 15027-2 sont développés conjointement et
seront publiés en même temps. La date sera ajoutée peu de temps avant la publication.

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et les définitions de l'ISO 15027-1:— et de l'ISO 15027-2:—
ainsi que les suivants s'appliquent.
L'ISO et l'IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en normalisation,
consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l'adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l'adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
groupe d'évaluation
groupe de personnes, expérimentées dans les essais de combinaisons d'immersion, chargées d'observer les
sujets d'essai qui se soumettent aux essais
3.2
système de mannequin thermique
équipement de mesure de l'isolation thermique des systèmes de combinaison d'immersion, comprenant un
mannequin de forme humaine et instrumenté (capteurs de température et appareils chauffants) ainsi qu'un
système de commande avec une interface informatique
4 Méthodes d'essai
4.1 Généralités
Les exigences pour lesquelles le présent document n'indique pas de méthode d'essai particulière doivent
faire l'objet d'essais effectués de l'une des manières suivantes:
a) par des essais cités dans l'ISO 15027-1:— et ISO 15027-2:—; ou
b) par mesurage; ou
c) par évaluation visuelle; ou
d) par essai de fonctionnement.
Avant les essais, les matériaux et composants doivent être conditionnés pendant (24 ± 0,1) h en atmosphère
standard. L'essai de cycle de température et l'essai de choc dans la cuve rotative doivent être effectués
comme un préconditionnement avant d'effectuer tout autre essai.
L'Annexe E donne des informations supplémentaires sur l'incertitude de mesure.
4.2 Échantillonnage
Sauf spécification contraire dans le mode opératoire d'essai correspondant, lorsque des matériaux et
éléments sont communs à une gamme de combinaisons, il est permis de ne soumettre à essai qu'un seul
échantillon de chaque matériau ou composant.
Les échantillons d'essai doivent être prélevés sur le vêtement original, sur le matériau ou sur les matériaux
utilisé(s) dans le vêtement fini.
Lorsque le nombre d'échantillons à tester est «au moins [x]» ou «un minimum de [x]», ce nombre de [x]
échantillons doit être testé.
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
4.3 Essais de résistance aux variations de températures
4.3.1 Généralités
L'essai de cycle de température doit être effectué comme un préconditionnement avant tous les autres essais.
4.3.2 Mode opératoire
Les combinaisons, avec leurs accessoires, doivent être soumises aux expositions suivantes, les combinaisons
étant emballées conformément aux instructions du fabricant.
Dans le cas des combinaisons fournies dans un sachet d'emballage, par exemple hermétique ou sous vide, les
combinaisons échantillons doivent être soumises au présent essai dans les mêmes conditions, y compris la
méthode de stockage.
Il faut soumettre la combinaison à 10 cycles alternatifs de 8 h d'exposition continue à des températures de
(65 ± 2) °C et (– 30 ± 2) °C. Ces changements alternatifs de température n'ont pas besoin de se succéder sans
intervalle. Au terme du cycle de température, il faut inspecter visuellement la combinaison pour déceler des
signes éventuels de dégradation des matériaux de construction ou des accessoires.
4.4 Essai de choc dans la cuve rotative
4.4.1 Généralités
L'essai de choc dans la cuve rotative doit être effectué comme un préconditionnement après l'essai de cycle
de température du 4.3, mais avant tous les autres essais.
4.4.2 Appareillage
L'équipement utilisé doit être tel qu'illustré à la Figure 1.
4.4.2.1 Boîte spécifique en contreplaqué ou matériau équivalent, dont la surface intérieure doit être
revêtue d'un laminé en plastique dur ou d'un revêtement similaire. Le palier de la cuve doit se trouver en son
centre de gravité et doit permettre une rotation libre de la cuve.

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
Dimensions en millimètres
NOTE Dans cette figure, les dimensions sont identiques après une rotation à 180° autour de l'axe central.
Figure 1 — Conception de l'appareillage d'essai de choc dans la cuve rotative
4.4.3 Mode opératoire
La combinaison doit être introduite dans la cuve par un panneau affleurant aménagé dans l'une de ses
faces, qui doit être ensuite refermé et bloqué. La cuve doit alors accomplir 150 tours au total à une vitesse
−1
constante de 6 t/min .
4.4.4 Évaluation
Au terme des tours, la combinaison doit être retirée de la cuve et examinée pour rechercher des signes
d'usure, et des signes indiquant que le matériau d'isolation thermique a migré.
4.5 Résistance à la traction des joints ou coutures
La résistance à la rupture en traction des joints ou coutures doit être mesurée sur des échantillons
séparés selon la méthode d'arrachement (grab method) spécifiée dans l'ISO 13935-2:2014, en utilisant des
éprouvettes d'au moins 60 mm de large ayant au moins 100 mm de matériau de part et d'autre du point
soumis à essai, avec quatre joints ou coutures similaires pour chaque type de joint ou couture, y compris le
joint ou la couture entre les dispositifs de fermeture, y compris les fermetures à glissière, et le textile.
4.6 Essai de résistance au carburant
Trois échantillons de tous les tissus extérieurs, des joints ou coutures typiques, des ouvertures et des
éléments doivent être placés dans un récipient approprié et immergés à une profondeur de 100 mm dans
du carburant diesel conforme à l'EN 590:2022 pendant 24 h à une température de (20 ± 2) °C. Essuyer le
diesel en surface après avoir retiré les échantillons du récipient. Soumettre les échantillons à un essai
hydrostatique conformément à l'ISO 188:2023 avec une vitesse d'immersion de 10 cm/min jusqu'à atteindre

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
une hauteur d'eau de 1 000 mm. Effectuer alors un essai de résistance à la traction des joints ou coutures
conformément à 4.5.
4.7 Essai de flottabilité
4.7.1 Principe
La flottabilité d'une combinaison conçue pour être utilisée sans équipements individuels de flottabilité (EIF)
doit être mesurée selon le principe d'Archimède de pesage de l'équipement dans l'eau, comme spécifié en 4.7.3.
Toute chambre gonflable devant satisfaire aux exigences de l'ISO 15027-2:—, 4.11.8 doit être gonflée.
La perte de flottabilité de la combinaison doit être mesurée et consignée après retrait de l'air piégé et 24 h
après le mesurage de la flottabilité initiale.
4.7.2 Appareillage
4.7.2.1 Cage lestée, avec une masse immergée est supérieure 1,1 fois la valeur de flottabilité prévue.
4.7.2.2 Cuve d'eau douce d'une profondeur suffisante pour recevoir l'équipement horizontalement à une
profondeur de 100 mm à 150 mm, mesurée entre la surface supérieure de l'équipement et la surface de
l'eau, sans entrer en contact avec les côtés ou le fond de la cuve, et supportée par une balance ou un capteur
dynamométrique étalonnés.
4.7.3 Mode opératoire
La combinaison doit être enfermée dans une cage lestée (4.7.2.1).
La cage doit être suspendue dans de l'eau douce à une température de (20 ± 5) °C par un capteur
dynamométrique, de sorte que la surface supérieure de la combinaison soit immergée de 100 mm à 150 mm
en dessous de la surface. Le poids immergé combiné doit être enregistré en tant que A.
L'ensemble doit rester immergé pendant (24,0 + +0,5 −0) h, après quoi le poids combiné immergé doit être de
nouveau consigné en tant que B.
La combinaison doit finalement être sortie de la cage. La cage lestée (4.7.2.1) doit être immergée de nouveau
et le résultat doit de nouveau être consigné en tant que C.
La température de l'eau, la température de l'air et la pression atmosphérique doivent être consignées au
début et au terme de chaque essai.
4.7.4 Résultats
Les valeurs de flottabilité doivent être corrigées pour correspondre à une température de l'eau de 20 °C et à
une pression atmosphérique de 101,325 kPa.
La flottabilité initiale est obtenue en retranchant A de C. La flottabilité finale est obtenue en retranchant B
de C. La flottabilité perdue pendant l'immersion est obtenue en retranchant la flottabilité finale de la
flottabilité initiale.
4.8 Essai de résistance de la combinaison
4.8.1 Principe
La combinaison doit être soumise à une traction exercée via un élément faisant partie intégrante de sa
structure, tel que le système de ceinture ou de harnais, avec une charge spécifiée.

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
4.8.2 Appareillage
4.8.2.1 Appareillage constitué d'un cylindre supérieur suspendu à l'horizontale, de (50 ± 5) mm de
diamètre pour les combinaisons pour enfants ou de (125 ± 10) mm de diamètre pour les combinaisons pour
adultes. La longueur du cylindre d'essai doit être suffisante pour recevoir toute la largeur de la partie de la
combinaison soumise à essai, comme indiqué à la Figure 2.
Légende
1 combinaison d'immersion 5 poids
2 point de suspension 6 cylindre inférieur
3 cordage ou câble 7 cylindre supérieur
4 fermeture de la combinaison (fermée)
Figure 2 — Essai de résistance de la combinaison
4.8.3 Mode opératoire
La combinaison doit résister à une charge de 1 350 N pendant 30 minutes, sans déchirement, sans déchirement
des joints ou coutures, sans rupture de pièces ou autre détérioration qui permet l'entrée d'eau ou affecte
de toute autre manière les performances prévues de la combinaison. Un échantillon de la combinaison doit
être soumis à essai. Avant l'application de la charge, la combinaison doit être immergée dans l'eau pendant
au moins 2 minutes. La combinaison doit être placée dans l'appareillage d'essai immédiatement après
l'immersion.
La charge doit être appliquée au moyen de deux cylindres (4.8.2.1), comme indiqué à la Figure 2.
Un poids doit être accroché au cylindre inférieur au moyen de cordes ou de câbles afin d'appliquer la charge
exigée sur la combinaison, soutenue par le cylindre supérieur dont les fermetures primaires sont fermées et
ajustées de manière à simuler l'utilisation. La combinaison doit être découpée au niveau des poignets ou de
la ceinture, ou bien des orifices doivent être faits dans la combinaison afin de pouvoir contenir l'appareillage
d'essai, si nécessaire.
4.8.4 Résultats
La combinaison doit être examinée afin de détecter toute dégradation entraînant des dommages fonctionnels
pour la combinaison.
ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
4.9 Essai de la boucle de repêchage
4.9.1 Mode opératoire
La combinaison doit être ajustée sur un mannequin de taille appropriée conformément à la représentation de
l'ISO 12401:2009, 5.2.2.2 ou sur une forme d'essai de taille appropriée (voir Figure 3) selon les instructions
d'enfilage et d'ajustement fournies par le fabricant.
Un cylindre de (50 ± 5) mm de diamètre doit traverser la boucle et une charge de 3 200 N doit être appliquée
de façon continue jusqu'à ce que la combinaison pende librement. La charge doit être maintenue pendant
30 minutes et inclure la masse du mannequin ou de la forme d'essai (voir Figure 3).
Légende
Dimensions en millimètres
Taille A B C D E F G H I
Adulte 610 114 76,2 127 381 432 508 25,4 178
Enfant 508 102 76,2 102 279 330 406 22,2 152
Bébé 305 63,5 38,1 63,5 191 203 241 19,1 76,2
NOTE Tolérances générales conformément à l'ISO 2768-1:1989, niveau de tolérance «v».
Figure 3 — Forme pour essai de charge verticale, boucle de repêchage et lignes de rappel
4.10 Résultats
La combinaison et la boucle de repêchage doivent être examinées afin de détecter toute dégradation
entraînant des dommages fonctionnels pour la combinaison.

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
4.11 Essai d'inflammabilité
4.11.1 Principe
Le système de combinaison, excluant l'EIF séparé le cas échéant, est passé au-dessus d'un bac d'essai
contenant du carburant en feu afin de déterminer si le système de combinaison brûle ou continue à fondre
après avoir été retiré du feu.
4.11.2 Appareillage
4.11.2.1 Bac d'essai, (300 ± 20) mm × (350 ± 20) mm × (65 ± 5) mm.
4.11.2.2 Carburant d'essai: essence ou n-heptane.
4.11.3 Échantillonnage
Un système de combinaison, excluant l'EIF séparé le cas échéant, doit être soumis à l'essai au feu.
4.11.4 Mode opératoire
Placer un bac d'essai (4.11.2.1) dans un endroit exempt de courants d'air, de sorte que le système de
combinaison se déplace librement selon la diagonale du bac d'essai.
Remplir le bac d'une hauteur (4.11.2.1) de 10 mm d'eau, puis ajouter suffisamment d'essence ou de n-heptane
pour atteindre une hauteur totale de liquide d'au moins 40 mm.
Mettre le feu à l'essence ou au n-heptane et le laisser brûler librement pendant 30 s.
Plier le système de combinaison au niveau de la taille sur un cintre approprié, avec l'avant orienté vers
l'extérieur. Le bas de la combinaison doit être à (250 ± 20) mm au-dessus du bord supérieur du bac d'essai
(4.11.2.1), voir Figure 4. Fixer les éléments mobiles au-dessus de la partie inférieure de la combinaison.
Faire ensuite passer le système de combinaison dans les flammes à une vitesse constante qui permet
d'exposer le système de combinaison pendant (2 ± 0,1) s. Le système de combinaison doit commencer et
terminer l'essai à 2 m du bord le plus proche du bac d'essai (4.11.2.1).

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
Dimensions en millimètres
Légende
a
1 combinaison Début.
b
2 bac d'essai Fin.
Figure 4 — Essai d'inflammabilité
4.11.5 Évaluation
Le fait que le système de combinaison, excluant l'EIF séparé le cas échéant, soit détruit par les flammes doit
être consigné. Le fait que le système de combinaison continue à brûler ou à fondre 6 s après avoir été retiré
des flammes doit être consigné.
4.12 Nettoyage
Les combinaisons échantillons doivent être nettoyées conformément aux instructions de nettoyage du
fabricant afin de les conditionner avant de procéder à l'essai. Cinq cycles de nettoyage doivent être effectués.
4.13 Sujets d'essai humains
4.13.1 Formation et sélection
Tous les sujets d'essai humains doivent être familiarisés avec l'utilisation de la combinaison soumise à essai.
Ils doivent être informés et instruits des risques potentiels rencontrés lors des essais.
4.13.2 Nombre et taille des sujets d'essai humains
Lorsque les essais nécessitent le recours à des sujets d'essai humains, sauf spécification contraire, les sujets
doivent être au nombre de six, chacun revêtu d'une combinaison à sa taille, ajustée conformément à la

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
hauteur et au tour de poitrine spécifiés pour la combinaison. Leurs dimensions corporelles doivent entrer
dans les plages des valeurs de hauteur et de masse données au Tableau 1.
NOTE Les catégories de taille font référence à la taille des sujets d'essai seulement et non aux gammes de tailles
des combinaisons.
Lors de la sélection des sujets d'essai, il convient de faire attention à obtenir une répartition homogène de la
taille et de la masse corporelle des sujets.
Si certaines tailles de sujets d'essai du Tableau 1 ne sont pas applicables aux tailles de combinaison visées,
alors des sujets dont les mensurations correspondent à la gamme de tailles des combinaisons doivent être
sélectionnés, pour six sujets au minimum. Il convient que les mensurations des sujets soient réparties de
manière aussi homogène que possible afin de couvrir la gamme adéquate pour la combinaison.
Tableau 1 — Tailles des sujets d'essai humains
Hauteur Masse
Catégorie de sujet
mm kg
1 1 400 à 1 600 1 personne de moins de 60
2 1 400 à 1 600 1 personne de plus de 60
3 1 601 à 1 800 1 personne de moins de 70
4 1 601 à 1 800 1 personne de plus de 70
5 > 1 800 1 personne de moins de 80
6 > 1 800 1 personne de plus de 100
4.13.3 Sexe des sujets d'essai humains
Il convient que le nombre de sujets d'essai de sexe féminin soit compris entre un et trois.
Si la combinaison est spécifique au sexe, tous les sujets doivent être de ce sexe.
4.13.4 Condition physique des sujets d'essai humains
Les personnes répondant aux critères énoncés en 4.12.1 doivent:
— être capables de se détendre lorsqu'elles se trouvent dans une eau d'une profondeur supérieure à leur taille;
— être capables de nager pendant 20 minutes et de parcourir une distance de 350 m à l'aide d'un EIF
approuvé tel que recommandé par le fabricant et, après un repos suffisant, de monter à bord du radeau
de survie ou de la plate-forme spécifiés en 4.16.6.
4.13.5 Habillement des sujets d'essai humains
Tout au long des essais décrits de 4.13 à 4.16, sauf spécification contraire, chaque sujet d'essai humain doit
porter les vêtements spécifiés par le fabricant ou, s'ils ne sont pas spécifiés par le fabricant, les vêtements
standard définis en 4.14.2.2.
4.13.6 Critères de réussite/échec
Compte tenu de la grande variabilité entre les sujets d'essai humains et de la difficulté d'évaluer certaines
mesures subjectives, il est permis qu'un équipement ne soit pas totalement conforme aux exigences des
essais subjectifs décrits de 4.13 à 4.16 dans un seul cas et pour un seul sujet d'essai humain.
NOTE Pour les besoins du présent paragraphe, les «essais subjectifs» comprennent l'ensemble des essais qui
requièrent la participation de sujets d'essai humains.
Dans ce cas, deux autres sujets humains de la même catégorie de masse corporelle et du même sexe, portant
la même taille de combinaison, doivent être soumis au même essai et ce devant le même groupe d'experts. Si
cet essai supplémentaire ne donne toujours pas de résultats clairement satisfaisants, il faut alors considérer

ISO/FDIS 15027-3:2024(fr)
que l'équipement n'a pas satisfait aux essais; tandis que si les essais sont clairement satisfaisants, le groupe
d'experts peut considérer que l'équipement a globalement satisfait à l'ensemble des essais.
4.14 Mesure de l'entrée d'eau
4.14.1 Mesure de l'entrée d'eau lors de l'essai de saut
4.14.1.1 Toutes les combinaisons échantillons doivent avoir été nettoyées conformément à 4.11 avant l'essai
de résistance à l'entrée d'eau.
4.14.1.2 Chaque sujet d'essai humain doit porter le système de combinaison, excluant l'EIF séparé le
cas échéant, avec les vêtements spécifiés par le fabricant ou, s'ils ne sont pas spécifiés par le fabricant,
les vêtements standard définis en 4.14.2.2. Le sujet d'essai humain doit entrer précautionneusement
dans la piscine en utilisant l'échelle de la piscine et y rester pendant au moins 2 min afin de pré-mouiller
complètement la combinaison. La combinaison doit être vidée de l'air en excès piégé conformément aux
instructions du fabricant avant de procéder à l'essai. Si la combinaison comporte un élément gonflable, celui-
ci ne doit pas être gonflé pour cet essai.
4.14.1.3 Le sujet d'essai humain doit ensuite grimper hors de l'eau en utilisant l'échelle de la piscine,
s'accroupir, s'étirer, secouer ses membres, puis se tenir debout afin de laisser s'égoutter l'excès d'eau de toutes
les zones où elle a été piégée. Après 1 minute, le sujet d'essai humain doit être pesé afin d'établir sa masse
brute avant le début des essais de fuites. La balance de pesage doit avoir une capacité allant jusqu'à 150 kg et
une précision d'au moins 0,02 kg.
4.14.1.4 Immédiatement après les étapes de «pré-mouillage» et de pesage, un EIF doit être enfilé et gonflé si
cela est requis. Le sujet d'essai humain doit ensuite se couvrir la bouche et le nez avec une main
...