ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4

Information technology -- Data centre facilities and infrastructures

Technologie de l’information -- Installation et infrastructures de centres de traitement de données

Standards Content (sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 39 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-08-25 2020-11-17
Information technology — Data centre facilities and
infrastructures —
Part 4:
Environmental control

Technologie de l’information — Installation et infrastructures de centres de traitement de données —

Partie 4: Contrôle environnemental
ICS: 35.020
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
IMPORTANT — Please use this updated version dated 2020-07-21, and discard
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
any previous version of this DIS. This version contains line-numbering.
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
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STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
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Reference number
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4:2020(E)
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1 ISO/IEC 22237-4 Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 4:

2 Environmental control
3 Contents

4 Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... 4

5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 5

6 1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................. 6

7 2 Normative References ...................................................................................................................... 7

8 3 Terms, Definitions And Abbreviations ............................................................................................ 7

9 3.1 Terms And Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 7

10 3.2 Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................... 9

11 4 Conformance ..................................................................................................................................... 9

12 5 Environmental Control Within Data Centres ................................................................................ 10

13 5.1 General .............................................................................................................................................. 10

14 5.2 Environmental Control Of Data Centre Spaces ................................................................................. 13

15 6 Availability ....................................................................................................................................... 16

16 6.1 General .............................................................................................................................................. 16

17 6.2 Availability Class Design Options ...................................................................................................... 16

18 6.3 Environmental Control System Capacity Planning With Respect To Expansion .............................. 23

19 6.4 Environmental Control System Capacity Planning With Respect To Resilience .............................. 23

20 7 Physical Security ............................................................................................................................. 23

21 7.1 General .............................................................................................................................................. 23

22 7.2 Protection Against Unauthorized Access .......................................................................................... 23

23 8 Energy Efficiency Enablement ....................................................................................................... 24

24 8.1 General .............................................................................................................................................. 24

25 8.2 Measurement Of Temperature .......................................................................................................... 24

26 8.3 Measurement Of Relative Humidity ................................................................................................... 25

27 8.4 Measurement Of Air Pressure ........................................................................................................... 25

28 8.5 Coolant Flow Rates ........................................................................................................................... 25

29 8.6 Heat Removal .................................................................................................................................... 25

30 8.7 Outside Air ......................................................................................................................................... 26

31 Annex A (Informative) Overview Of The Requirements For Environmental Conditions .................. 27

32 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................... 29

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34 Foreword

35 ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical

36 Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are

37 members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical

38 committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.

39 ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international

40 organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the

41 work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,

42 ISO/IEC JTC 1.

43 The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

44 described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

45 different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

46 editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

47 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

48 patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent

49 rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the

50 Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

51 Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

52 constitute an endorsement.

53 For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

54 expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

55 World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following

56 URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

57 This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,

58 Subcommittee SC 39, “New title”.

59 A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 22237 (and the ISO/IEC TS 22237) series can be found on the ISO

60 website.
61 This document will supersede ISO/IEC TS 22237-4:2018.
62 The following technical changes have been made:

63 a) availability requirements aligned with ISO/IEC 22237-1:201X and ISO/IEC 22237-3:201X;

64 b) figures updated;
65 c) tbd.
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66 Introduction

67 The unrestricted access to internet-based information demanded by the information society has led to

68 an exponential growth of both internet traffic and the volume of stored/retrieved data. Data centres are

69 housing and supporting the information technology and network telecommunications equipment for

70 data processing, data storage and data transport. They are required both by network operators

71 (delivering those services to customer premises) and by enterprises within those customer premises.

72 Data centres need to provide modular, scalable and flexible facilities and infrastructures to easily

73 accommodate the rapidly changing requirements of the market. In addition, energy consumption of data

74 centres has become critical both from an environmental point of view (reduction of carbon footprint)

75 and with respect to economical considerations (cost of energy) for the data centre operator.

76 The implementation of data centres varies in terms of:

77 a) purpose (enterprise, co-location, co-hosting or network operator facilities);

78 b) security level;
79 c) physical size;
80 d) accommodation (mobile, temporary and permanent constructions).

81 The needs of data centres also vary in terms of availability of service, the provision of security and the

82 objectives for energy efficiency. These needs and objectives influence the design of data centres in terms

83 of building construction, power distribution, environmental control, telecommunications cabling and

84 physical security. Effective management and operational information is required to monitor

85 achievement of the defined needs and objectives.

86 The ISO/IEC 22237 series specifies requirements and recommendations to support the various parties

87 involved in the design, planning, procurement, integration, installation, operation and maintenance of

88 facilities and infrastructures within data centres. These parties include:

89 1) owners, facility managers, ICT managers, project managers, main contractors;

90 2) consultants, architects, building designers and builders, system and installation designers;

91 3) suppliers of equipment;
92 4) installers, maintainers.

93 At the time of publication of this document, the ISO/IEC 22237 series will comprise the following

94 documents:

95 — ISO/IEC 22237-1, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 1:

96 General concepts;

97 — ISO/IEC 22237-2, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 2:

98 Building construction;

99 — ISO/IEC 22237-3, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 3:

100 Power distribution;

101 — ISO/IEC 22237-4, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 4:

102 Environmental control;

103 — ISO/IEC 22237-5, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 5:

104 Telecommunications cabling infrastructure;
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105 — ISO/IEC 22237-6, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 6:

106 Security systems;

107 — ISO/IEC 22237-7: Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 7:

108 Management and operational information.

109 The inter-relationship of the specifications within the ISO/IEC 22237 series is shown in Figure 1.

110

111 Figure 1 — Schematic relationship between the ISO/IEC 22237 series of documents

112 ISO/IEC 22237-2 to ISO/IEC 22237-6 specify requirements and recommendations for particular

113 facilities and infrastructures to support the relevant classification for “availability”, “physical security”

114 and “energy efficiency enablement” selected from ISO/IEC 22237-1.

115 This document, ISO/IEC 22237-4, addresses the environmental control facilities and infrastructure

116 within data centres together with the interfaces for monitoring the performance of those facilities and

117 infrastructures in line with ISO/IEC 22237-7 (in accordance with the requirements of

118 ISO/IEC 22237-1).

119 ISO/IEC 22237-7 addresses the operational and management information (in accordance with the

120 requirements of ISO/IEC 22237-1.

121 This document is intended for use by and collaboration between architects, building designers and

122 builders, system and installation designers.

123 The ISO/IEC 22237 series does not address the selection of information technology and network

124 telecommunications equipment, software and associated configuration issues.
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125 1 Scope

126 This document addresses environmental control within data centres based upon the criteria and classifications

127 for “availability”, “security” and “energy efficiency enablement” within ISO/IEC 22237-1.

128 This document specifies requirements and recommendations for the following:
129 a) temperature control;
130 b) fluid movement control;
131 c) relative humidity control;
132 d) particulate control;
133 e) vibration;
134 f) physical security of environmental control systems.
135 2 Normative references

136 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes

137 requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,

138 the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

139 ISO/IEC 22237-1, Information technology - Data centre facilities and infrastructures - Part 1: General concepts

140 ISO/IEC 22237-3:201X, Information technology - Data centre facilities and infrastructures - Part 3: Power

141 distribution

142 ISO/IEC TS 22237-6, Information technology - Data centre facilities and infrastructures - Part 6: Security

143 systems

144 IEC 61439-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1: General rules

145 IEC 62040-3, Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test

146 requirements

147 ISO 14644-8, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments - Part 8: Classification of air cleanliness by

148 chemical concentration (ACC)

149 ISO 16890-1, Air filters for general ventilation - Part 1: Technical specifications, requirements and classification

150 system based upon particulate matter efficiency (ePM)
151 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
152 3.1 Terms and definitions

153 For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO/IEC 22237-1 and the following apply.

154 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

155 • IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
156 • ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
157 3.1.1
158 access floor

159 system consisting of completely removable and interchangeable floor panels that are supported on adjustable

160 pedestals connected by stringers to allow the area beneath the floor to be used by building services

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161 Note 1 to entry: Also known as raised floor.
162 [SOURCE: ISO/IEC TS 22237-2:2018, 3.1.1 – modified: added note 1 to entry]
163 3.1.2
164 adiabatic cooling

165 adiabatic cooling is a system which uses the principle of evaporative cooling to reduce the temperature of a

166 given medium (usually air).
167 3.1.3
168 common cause failure
169 failures in multiple parts of a system or systems due to a single cause
170 Note 1 to entry: Examples are fire and flood.
171 3.1.4
172 comfort environmental controls

173 controls which produce an environment which is appropriate for the effective performance of personnel in a

174 given space
175 3.1.5
176 dew point

177 temperature at which the water vapour in a gas begins to deposit as a liquid or ice, under standardized

178 conditions
179 3.1.6
180 direct fresh air cooling

181 cooling system that uses the external air that can be filtered to cool the IT equipment in the data centre

182 3.1.7
183 DRUPS

184 the output waveform is produced by a rotating machine that is mechanically connected to a flywheel stored

185 energy source, and the flywheel stored energy source is coupled to a backup engine with an electro-magnetic

186 clutch
187 3.1.8
188 exhaust air temperature
189 temperature of the air leaving the data centre building
190 3.1.9
191 heat load
192 thermal power that is produced
193 3.1.10
194 indirect fresh air cooling

195 cooling system that uses the external air to cool the data centre. The external air is passed through a heat

196 exchanger to separate the external from the internal air which passes by the IT equipment

197 3.1.11
198 information technology equipment

199 equipment providing data storage, processing and transport services together with equipment dedicated to

200 providing direct connection to core and/or access networks
201 3.1.12
202 inlet air temperature
203 temperature of the (cold) air entering the rack or IT equipment
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204 3.1.13
205 outdoor air temperature
206 temperature of the air measured outside of the data centre building
207 3.1.14
208 outlet air temperature
209 temperature of the (warm) air leaving the rack or IT equipment
210 3.1.15
211 relative humidity

212 ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the vapour pressure of water vapour in moist air to the saturation vapour

213 pressure with respect to water or ice at the same temperature
214 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-705:1995, 705-05-09]
215 3.1.16
216 return air temperature

217 temperature of the (warm) air re-entering the environmental control system e.g. the air handling unit

218 3.1.17
219 rotary UPS

220 the output waveform is produced by a rotating machine, using either batteries or flywheel as stored energy

221 source
222 3.1.18
223 static UPS

224 the output waveform is produced by electronic circuits, using either batteries or flywheel as stored energy

225 source
226 3.1.19
227 supply air temperature

228 temperature of the (cold) air leaving the environmental control system e.g. the air handling unit

229 3.1.20
230 ventilation

231 supply of air motion in a space by circulation or by moving air through the space

232 Note 1 to entry: Ventilation can be produced by any combination of natural or mechanical supply and exhaust.

233 Note 2 to entry: Such systems can include partial treatment such as heating, relative humidity control, filtering or

234 purification, and, in some cases, evaporative cooling.
235 3.2 Abbreviated terms

236 For the purposes of this document, the abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 22237-1 and the following apply.

CRAC Computer Room Air Conditioning (Unit)
CRAH Computer Room Air Handler
DRUPS Diesel Rotary Uninterruptible Power System
IT Information Technology
ITE Information Technology Equipment
UPS Uninterruptible Power System
237 4 Conformance
238 For a data centre to conform to this document:
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239 a) it shall feature an environmental control solution that meets the requirements of Clauses 5 and 6;

240 b) it shall feature an approach to physical security in relation to the environmental control solution that meets

241 the requirements of Clause 7;

242 c) it shall feature an energy efficiency enablement solution that meets the requirements of the relevant

243 Granularity Level of Clause 8;
244 d) local regulations, including safety, shall be met.

245 The required Class of the Environmental Control system of a data centre is based on the required Availability

246 Class of the data centre.
247 5 Environmental control within data centres
248 5.1 General
249 5.1.1 Design input

250 Power supply and distribution and environmental control are important primary facilities and infrastructures of

251 a data centre and have inter-related design aspects:
252 a) power supplied to IT equipment which is converted to heat output;

253 b) power supplied to the environmental control system to remove the heat output

254

255 Figure 2 – Logical representation of environmental control of data centre spaces

256 5.1.2 Functional Elements

257 The environmental control system is one of the most important parts of the data centre infrastructure.

258 Excessive variations of temperature or relative humidity can directly affect the functional capability of the data

259 centre and its infrastructures.

260 The functional elements of the environmental control system are divided into supply and distribution elements.

261 The division of environmental control systems into supply and distribution reflects energy efficiency where data

262 centres use multiple cooling sources in various combinations (e.g. cold water from public grids, non- dedicated

263 central cooling plants, geothermal systems, rivers, and compressor systems)

264 Supply elements relate to the generation of temperature controlled fluids. Distribution elements relate to the

265 distribution of fluids generated by the supply elements. Distribution elements are differentiated in devices

266 (units) and paths. See Table 1 for examples of these elements.
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267 It should be noted that for environmental control systems the electrical energy flow is into the system and the

268 thermal flow is from within the controlled environment outwards to the uncontrolled environment (exhausted

269 from the building).

270 Some environmental systems combine the function of supply and distribution elements.

271
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272 Table 1 — Examples of supply and distribution Elements
Area Fluid Functional Element(s)
Device / Functional Element Path / Functional
Element
Supply Water/Refrigerant External water supply, chiller, Pipe System
pump(s), condensing unit
Air Outside air intake, filter(s), Duct/Plenum System
heat exchanger
Distribution Water/Refrigerant Pump(s), heat exchanger Pipe System
Air CRAC, CRAH, louvres, AHU Duct/Plenum System
(Air Handling Unit)
273 5.1.3 Requirements

274 The approach taken for the design of the environmental control system shall take into account available

275 technology, physical security, data centre availability, maintenance and future extension (continuity of service).

276 Physical data center location and external conditions (minimum, median and maximum external temperature

277 and humidity rate) have to be taken into account for the selection of the functional elements.

278 The design of the environmental control system and the selection and installation of functional elements shall

279 take into consideration the effect of vibration on the data centre spaces.

280 The design of the environmental control system and the selection and installation of functional elements shall

281 take into consideration the effect of friction and/or obstruction in the pathways for temperature controlled fluids.

282 Operational controls shall be provided to ensure no degradation of fluid flow due to changes in the pathways

283 (see ISO/IEC TS 22237-7).

284 During the design phase the requirement for the number of air changes per unit time and air pressure shall be

285 established.

286 In all data centre spaces the requirements for air quality shall be considered.

287 In all spaces with a risk of damage to static-sensitive equipment from electro-static discharge the relative

288 humidity shall be maintained in accordance with the instructions of the supplier of the equipment to be

289 accommodated. Where no information exists or where the equipment manufacturer is not specified, a minimum

290 dew point of 5,5 °C shall be maintained.

291 Where direct fresh air cooling solutions are chosen the requirements analysis and the resulting methodology

292 of monitoring and control is of prime importance. In these circumstances particular consideration shall be given

293 to the control of contaminants.

294 For guidance on the ventilation requirements of activated gaseous suppression systems that have been

295 discharged see ISO/IEC TS 22237-6.

296 An overview of the requirements on environmental conditions is given in Annex A.

297 5.1.4 Recommendations

298 Opportunities for reductions in energy consumption exist where wider tolerances of temperature and relative

299 humidity can be accepted in defined data centre spaces (see CLC/TR 50600-99-1).

300 Measurements are requested at various points in the text with the aim of providing insight, the ability to analyse

301 and ultimately to improve energy efficiency.

302 Devices of the environmental control system with integrated vibration decoupling for all rotating parts (e.g. fan,

303 compressor) or low vibration parts should be selected.

304 Where devices of the environmental control system or other external devices with rotating parts are not

305 equipped with integrated vibration decoupling the whole unit should be decoupled.

306 Where the design of the cooling system relies on the use of “F-gaseous” coolants the long term availability of

307 such coolants and the subsequent effect on the cooling system efficiency should be considered.

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308 5.2 Environmental control of data centre spaces
309 5.2.1 Building entrance facilities
310 No specific requirements.
311 5.2.2 Personnel entrance(s)
312 Comfort environmental controls shall be applied to this space.
313 5.2.3 Docking/loading bay(s)
314 No specific requirements.
315 5.2.4 Generator space(s) including fuel storage
316 5.2.4.1 Generator and DRUPS spaces

317 Temperature shall be maintained in accordance with the instructions of the supplier of the equipment to be

318 accommodated. Where no information exists or where the equipment manufacturer is not specified the

319 temperature shall be maintained above 0 °C and should be above 10 °C.

320 Adequate ventilation shall be provided for combustion and for radiator cooling.

321 Where the manufacturer is not known at the time of design the maximum temperature shall be 35 °C.

322 Anti-condensation measures shall be taken for generator and switchgear.
323 5.2.4.2 Fuel systems

324 The fuel system shall be protected against sub-zero ambient temperatures to avoid fuel solidification.

325 NOTE The availability of generators can be adversely affected by cold (<10 °C) or poor quality fuel and can be

326 improved through the installation of crankcase heaters, or by installing the generators in a conditioned purpose built space

327 within the data centre facility.
328 5.2.5 Transformer space(s)

329 Temperature shall be maintained in accordance with the instructions of the supplier of the equipment to be

330 accommodated unless the system has been de-rated for operation at higher ambient temperatures. Where the

331 manufacturer is not known at the time of design the maximum temperature shall be according to IEC 61439-1.

332 Where necessary, filtration against particulate contamination shall be provided to prevent build-up of dust in

333 accordance with the instructions of the supplier of the equipment to be accommodated. Measures must be

334 provided to allow inspection and cleaning of the transformer and the transformer space(s).

335 Forced air cooling of the transformer should be considered at the design phase where this would represent an

336 improvement in transformer efficiency.
...

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 39 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-08-25 2020-11-17
Information technology — Data centre facilities and
infrastructures —
Part 4:
Environmental control

Technologie de l’information — Installation et infrastructures de centres de traitement de données —

Partie 4: Contrôle environnemental
ICS: 35.020
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4:2020(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO/IEC 2020
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2020

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms ................................................................................................................................ 2

3.1 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2

3.2 Abbreviated terms ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3

4 Conformance ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

5 Environmental control within data centres ............................................................................................................................. 4

5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

5.1.1 Design input ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

5.1.2 Functional Elements ..................................................................................................................................................... 5

5.1.3 Requirements ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5

5.1.4 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.2 Environmental control of data centre spaces ............................................................................................................... 6

5.2.1 Building entrance facilities ..................................................................................................................................... 6

5.2.2 Personnel entrance(s) ................................................................................................................................................. 6

5.2.3 Docking/loading bay(s) ............................................................................................................................................. 6

5.2.4 Generator space(s) including fuel storage ................................................................................................. 6

5.2.5 Transformer space(s) .................................................................................................................................................. 7

5.2.6 Electrical distribution space(s) ........................................................................................................................... 7

5.2.7 Telecommunication spaces(s) .............................................................................................................................. 7

5.2.8 Main distributor spaces(s) ...................................................................................................................................... 7

5.2.9 Computer room space(s) and associated testing space(s) .......................................................... 7

5.2.10 Electrical space(s) ...................................................................... ..................................................................................... 8

5.2.11 Mechanical space(s) ...................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2.12 Control room space(s) ................................................................................................................................................ 9

5.2.13 Office space(s) .................................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2.14 Storage and holding space(s) ................................................................................................................................ 9

5.2.15 Accommodation of UPS equipment ................................................................................................................. 9

6 Availability ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................10

6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................10

6.2 Availability Class design options ..........................................................................................................................................10

6.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................10

6.2.2 Computer room and telecom space(s) .......................................................................................................11

6.2.3 UPS space ............................................................................................................................................................................17

6.3 Environmental control system capacity planning with respect to expansion ..............................18

6.4 Environmental control system capacity planning with respect to resilience ................................18

7 Physical security ................................................................................................................................................................................................18

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................18

7.2 Protection against unauthorized access ........................................................................................................................19

8 Energy efficiency enablement .............................................................................................................................................................19

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................19

8.2 Measurement of temperature .................................................................................................................................................19

8.2.1 External temperature ...............................................................................................................................................19

8.2.2 Computer room temperature .............................................................................................................................19

8.3 Measurement of relative humidity .....................................................................................................................................20

8.3.1 External relative humidity ....................................................................................................................................20

8.3.2 Computer room relative humidity .................................................................................................................20

8.4 Measurement of air pressure ..................................................................................................................................................20

8.5 Coolant flow rates ..............................................................................................................................................................................21

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ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4:2020(E)

8.6 Heat removal ..........................................................................................................................................................................................21

8.7 Outside air ................................................................................................................................................................................................21

Annex A (informative) Overview of the requirements for environmental conditions ..................................22

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................25

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ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical

Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are

members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical

committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical

activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the

work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,

ISO/IEC JTC 1.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for

the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject

of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent

rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the

Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following

URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,

Subcommittee SC 39, “New title”.

A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 22237 (and the ISO/IEC TS 22237) series can be found on the ISO

website.
This document will supersede ISO/IEC TS 22237-4:2018.
The following technical changes have been made:

a) availability requirements aligned with ISO/IEC 22237-1:201X and ISO/IEC 22237-3:201X;

b) figures updated;
c) tbd.
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ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4:2020(E)
Introduction

The unrestricted access to internet-based information demanded by the information society has led to

an exponential growth of both internet traffic and the volume of stored/retrieved data. Data centres

are housing and supporting the information technology and network telecommunications equipment

for data processing, data storage and data transport. They are required both by network operators

(delivering those services to customer premises) and by enterprises within those customer premises.

Data centres need to provide modular, scalable and flexible facilities and infrastructures to easily

accommodate the rapidly changing requirements of the market. In addition, energy consumption of data

centres has become critical both from an environmental point of view (reduction of carbon footprint)

and with respect to economical considerations (cost of energy) for the data centre operator.

The implementation of data centres varies in terms of:
a) purpose (enterprise, co-location, co-hosting or network operator facilities);
b) security level;
c) physical size;
d) accommodation (mobile, temporary and permanent constructions).

The needs of data centres also vary in terms of availability of service, the provision of security and

the objectives for energy efficiency. These needs and objectives influence the design of data centres in

terms of building construction, power distribution, environmental control, telecommunications cabling

and physical security. Effective management and operational information is required to monitor

achievement of the defined needs and objectives.

The ISO/IEC 22237 series specifies requirements and recommendations to support the various parties

involved in the design, planning, procurement, integration, installation, operation and maintenance of

facilities and infrastructures within data centres. These parties include:
1) owners, facility managers, ICT managers, project managers, main contractors;

2) consultants, architects, building designers and builders, system and installation designers;

3) suppliers of equipment;
4) installers, maintainers.

At the time of publication of this document, the ISO/IEC 22237 series will comprise the following

documents:

— ISO/IEC 22237-1, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 1:

General concepts;

— ISO/IEC 22237-2, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 2:

Building construction;

— ISO/IEC 22237-3, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 3: Power

distribution;

— ISO/IEC 22237-4, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 4:

Environmental control;

— ISO/IEC 22237-5, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 5:

Telecommunications cabling infrastructure;

— ISO/IEC 22237-6, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 6:

Security systems;
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ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4:2020(E)

— ISO/IEC 22237-7: Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 7:

Management and operational information.

The inter-relationship of the specifications within the ISO/IEC 22237 series is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 — Schematic relationship between the ISO/IEC 22237 series of documents

ISO/IEC 22237-2 to ISO/IEC 22237-6 specify requirements and recommendations for particular

facilities and infrastructures to support the relevant classification for “availability”, “physical security”

and “energy efficiency enablement” selected from ISO/IEC 22237-1.

This document, ISO/IEC 22237-4, addresses the environmental control facilities and infrastructure

within data centres together with the interfaces for monitoring the performance of those facilities and

infrastructures in line with ISO/IEC 22237-7 (in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 22237-1).

ISO/IEC 22237-7 addresses the operational and management information (in accordance with the

requirements of ISO/IEC 22237-1.

This document is intended for use by and collaboration between architects, building designers and

builders, system and installation designers.

The ISO/IEC 22237 series does not address the selection of information technology and network

telecommunications equipment, software and associated configuration issues.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4:2020(E)
Information technology — Data centre facilities and
infrastructures —
Part 4:
Environmental control
1 Scope

This document addresses environmental control within data centres based upon the criteria and

classifications for “availability”, “security” and “energy efficiency enablement” within ISO/IEC 22237-1.

This document specifies requirements and recommendations for the following:
a) temperature control;
b) fluid movement control;
c) relative humidity control;
d) particulate control;
e) vibration;
f) physical security of environmental control systems.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO/IEC 22237-1, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 1: General

concepts

ISO/IEC 22237-3:201X, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 3:

Power distribution

ISO/IEC/TS 22237-6, Information technology — Data centre facilities and infrastructures — Part 6:

Security systems

IEC 61439-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies — Part 1: General rules

IEC 62040-3, Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) — Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and

test requirements

ISO 14644-8, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments — Part 8: Classification of air cleanliness

by chemical concentration (ACC)

ISO 16890-1, Air filters for general ventilation — Part 1: Technical specifications, requirements and

classification system based upon particulate matter efficiency (ePM)
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ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4:2020(E)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO/IEC 22237-1 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1.1
access floor

system consisting of completely removable and interchangeable floor panels that are supported on

adjustable pedestals connected by stringers to allow the area beneath the floor to be used by building

services
Note 1 to entry: Also known as raised floor.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TS 22237-2:2018, 3.1.1 – modified: added note 1 to entry]
3.1.2
adiabatic cooling

adiabatic cooling is a system which uses the principle of evaporative cooling to reduce the temperature

of a given medium (usually air)
3.1.3
common cause failure
failures in multiple parts of a system or systems due to a single cause
Note 1 to entry: Examples are fire and flood.
3.1.4
comfort environmental controls

controls which produce an environment which is appropriate for the effective performance of personnel

in a given space
3.1.5
dew point

temperature at which the water vapour in a gas begins to deposit as a liquid or ice, under standardized

conditions
3.1.6
direct fresh air cooling

cooling system that uses the external air that can be filtered to cool the IT equipment in the data centre

3.1.7
DRUPS

the output waveform is produced by a rotating machine that is mechanically connected to a flywheel

stored energy source, and the flywheel stored energy source is coupled to a backup engine with an

electro-magnetic clutch
3.1.8
exhaust air temperature
temperature of the air leaving the data centre building
3.1.9
heat load
thermal power that is produced
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ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4:2020(E)
3.1.10
indirect fresh air cooling

cooling system that uses the external air to cool the data centre. The external air is passed through a

heat exchanger to separate the external from the internal air which passes by the IT equipment

3.1.11
information technology equipment

equipment providing data storage, processing and transport services together with equipment

dedicated to providing direct connection to core and/or access networks
3.1.12
inlet air temperature
temperature of the (cold) air entering the rack or IT equipment
3.1.13
outdoor air temperature
temperature of the air measured outside of the data centre building
3.1.14
outlet air temperature
temperature of the (warm) air leaving the rack or IT equipment
3.1.15
relative humidity

ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the vapour pressure of water vapour in moist air to the saturation

vapour pressure with respect to water or ice at the same temperature
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-705:1995, 705-05-09]
3.1.16
return air temperature

temperature of the (warm) air re-entering the environmental control system e.g. the air handling unit

3.1.17
rotary UPS

the output waveform is produced by a rotating machine, using either batteries or flywheel as stored

energy source
3.1.18
static UPS

the output waveform is produced by electronic circuits, using either batteries or flywheel as stored

energy source
3.1.19
supply air temperature

temperature of the (cold) air leaving the environmental control system e.g. the air handling unit

3.1.20
ventilation

supply of air motion in a space by circulation or by moving air through the space

Note 1 to entry: Ventilation can be produced by any combination of natural or mechanical supply and exhaust.

Note 2 to entry: Such systems can include partial treatment such as heating, relative humidity control, filtering

or purification, and, in some cases, evaporative cooling.
3.2 Abbreviated terms

For the purposes of this document, the abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 22237-1 and the

following apply.
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ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4:2020(E)
CRAC Computer Room Air Conditioning (Unit)
CRAH Computer Room Air Handler
DRUPS Diesel Rotary Uninterruptible Power System
IT Information Technology
ITE Information Technology Equipment
UPS Uninterruptible Power System
4 Conformance
For a data centre to conform to this document:

a) it shall feature an environmental control solution that meets the requirements of Clauses 5 and 6;

b) it shall feature an approach to physical security in relation to the environmental control solution

that meets the requirements of Clause 7;

c) it shall feature an energy efficiency enablement solution that meets the requirements of the

relevant Granularity Level of Clause 8;
d) local regulations, including safety, shall be met.

The required Class of the Environmental Control system of a data centre is based on the required

Availability Class of the data centre.
5 Environmental control within data centres
5.1 General
5.1.1 Design input

Power supply and distribution and environmental control are important primary facilities and

infrastructures of a data centre and have inter-related design aspects:
a) power supplied to IT equipment which is converted to heat output;
b) power supplied to the environmental control system to remove the heat output
Figure 2 — Logical representation of environmental control of data centre spaces
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ISO/IEC DIS 22237-4:2020(E)
5.1.2 Functional Elements

The environmental control system is one of the most important parts of the data centre infrastructure.

Excessive variations of temperature or relative humidity can directly affect the functional capability of

the data centre and its infrastructures.

The functional elements of the environmental control system are divided into supply and distribution

elements. The division of environmental control systems into supply and distribution reflects energy

efficiency where data centres use multiple cooling sources in various combinations (e.g. cold water

from public grids, non- dedicated central cooling plants, geothermal systems, rivers, and compressor

systems)

Supply elements relate to the generation of temperature controlled fluids. Distribution elements relate

to the distribution of fluids generated by the supply elements. Distribution elements are differentiated

in devices (units) and paths. See Table 1 for examples of these elements.

It should be noted that for environmental control systems the electrical energy flow is into the

system and the thermal flow is from within the controlled environment outwards to the uncontrolled

environment (exhausted from the building).

Some environmental systems combine the function of supply and distribution elements.

Table 1 — Examples of supply and distribution Elements
Functional Element(s)
Area Fluid
Device/Functional Ele- Path/Functional
ment Element
Supply Water/Refrigerant External water supply, Pipe System
chiller, pump(s), condens-
ing unit
Air Outside air intake, filter(s), Duct/Plenum System
heat exchanger
Distribution Water/Refrigerant Pump(s), heat exchanger Pipe System
Air CRAC, CRAH, louvres, AHU Duct/Plenum System
(Air Handling Unit)
5.1.3 Requirements

The approach taken for the design of the environmental control system shall take into account available

technology, physical security, data centre availability, maintenance and future extension (continuity of

service).

Physical data centre location and external conditions (minimum, median and maximum external

temperature and humidity rate) have to be taken into account for the selection of the functional

elements.

The design of the environmental control system and the selection and installation of functional

elements shall take into consideration the effect of vibration on the data centre spaces.

The design of the environmental control system and the selection and installation of functional elements

shall take into consideration the effect of friction and/or obstruction in the pathways for temperature

controlled fluids. Operational controls shall be provided to ensure no degradation of fluid flow due to

changes in the pathways (see ISO/IEC TS 22237-7).

During the design phase the requirement for the number of air changes per unit time and air pressure

shall be established.
In all data centre spaces the requirements for air quality shall be considered.
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