ISO 22400-1:2014
(Main)Automation systems and integration — Key performance indicators (KPIs) for manufacturing operations management — Part 1: Overview, concepts and terminology
Automation systems and integration — Key performance indicators (KPIs) for manufacturing operations management — Part 1: Overview, concepts and terminology
ISO 22400 specifies an industry-neutral framework for defining, composing, exchanging, and using key performance indicators (KPIs) for manufacturing operations management (MOM), as defined in IEC 62264‑1 for batch, continuous and discrete industries. ISO 22400-1:2014: provides an overview of what a KPI is, presents concepts of relevance for working with KPIs including criteria for constructing KPIs, specifies terminology related to KPIs, and describes how a KPI can be used.
Systèmes d'automatisation et intégration — Indicateurs de la performance clé pour le management des opérations de fabrication — Partie 1: Aperçu, concepts et terminologie
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 22400-1
ISO/TC 184/SC 5 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on Voting terminates on
2013-05-29 2013-08-29
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Manufacturing operations management — Key performance
indicators —
Part 1:
Overview, concepts and terminology
ICS 25.040.01
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REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
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THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
© International Organization for Standardization, 2013
ISO/DIS 22400-1
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission.
Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 22400-1
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Definitions . 1
3.1.1 Capability . 1
3.1.2 Integration . 1
3.1.3 interoperability . 2
3.1.4 Key performance indicator . 2
3.1.5 Key result indicator . 2
3.1.6 Manufacturing operations management . 2
3.1.7 Manufacturing resource . 2
3.1.8 Performance indicator . 2
3.1.9 Performance measure . 2
3.2 Abbreviations . 2
4 Overview and introduction . 4
4.1 Value creation processes . 4
4.2 Collaborative manufacturing . 4
4.3 Functional and physical hierarchies . 4
4.4 Manufacturing operations management . 4
4.4.1 Categories of operations . 4
4.4.2 Activity model . 5
4.4.3 Resources . 5
4.5 Concepts of production operations . 5
4.5.1 Production methodology . 5
4.5.2 Production execution through work orders . 5
4.5.3 Physical structure . 5
4.5.4 Single product/multiple products . 6
4.6 Concepts of improvement methods . 6
4.6.1 Introduction . 6
4.7 Concepts of targets-and-measures and drivers-and-enablers . 6
5 Concept of key performance indicators . 7
5.1 What is a KPI? . 7
5.2 Criteria for KPIs . 7
5.3 Characterisation of KPIs . 7
5.3.1 General . 7
5.3.2 Content information . 7
5.3.3 Context information . 8
5.4 Types of KPIs by unit-of-measure . 9
5.5 Categories of KPIs by purpose . 9
5.6 Generating KPIs from measurements . 9
5.6.1 Elements . 9
5.6.2 Weighting . 9
5.7 Identification and selection of KPIs . 10
5.8 Structure of KPI . 10
5.9 Presentation of KPI . 10
6 Definitions and descriptions . 11
6.1 General model . 11
6.2 Table structure . 11
6.3 Elements . 11
6.4 Time models . 11
6.5 Effect model diagrams . 11
ISO/DIS 22400-1
7 Exchange and use . 13
7.1 Introduction . 13
7.2 Abstract structure to be used for exchange purposes . 13
7.2.1 KPI model . 13
8 Relationships and dependencies . 15
8.1 Introduction . 15
8.2 Model . 15
9 Completeness, compliance and conformance . 16
10 Outline of the standard . 17
Annex A (informative) Collaborative manufacturing . 18
Annex B (informative) Functional and physical hierarchies . 19
Annex C (informative) Manufacturing operations management . 21
C.1 Categories of operations . 21
C.1.1 Introduction . 21
C.1.2 Production operations domain . 21
C.1.3 Inventory handling operations domain . 21
C.1.4 Quality assurance testing operations domain . 21
C.1.5 Maintenance operations domain . 21
C.1.6 Other operations domain . 21
C.2 Activity model . 22
C.3 Resources . 22
C.4 MOM vs MES . 22
Annex D (informative) Production . 23
D.1 Production methodology . 23
D.2 Physical structure . 23
D.3 Classification by number of products . 25
Annex E (informative) Improvement methods . 26
E.1 Lean manufacturing (LM) . 26
E.2 Total productive maintenance/manufacturing (TPM) . 26
E.3 Six sigma . 26
E.4 World class manufacturing (WCM) .
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22400-1
First edition
2014-10-01
Automation systems and
integration — Key performance
indicators (KPIs) for manufacturing
operations management —
Part 1:
Overview, concepts and terminology
Systèmes d’automatisation et intégration — Indicateurs de
la performance clé pour le management des opérations de
fabrication —
Partie 1: Aperçu, concepts et terminologie
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
3 Abbreviated terms . 3
4 Concept of KPIs . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Criteria for KPIs . 3
4.3 Characterization of KPIs . 4
4.4 Types of KPIs by unit of measure . 6
4.5 Categories of KPIs by purpose . 6
4.6 Generating KPIs from measurements . 6
4.7 Identification and selection of KPIs . 7
4.8 Structure of KPI . 7
4.9 Presentation of KPI . 7
5 Definitions and descriptions. 7
5.1 General model . 7
5.2 Table structure . 8
5.3 Elements . 8
5.4 Time models . 8
5.5 Effect model diagrams . 8
6 Exchange and use . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Abstract structure for exchange purposes . 9
7 Relationships and dependencies .11
7.1 General .11
7.2 Model of relationships and dependencies .12
7.3 Effectiveness of KPIs .12
7.4 Maturity model .13
Annex A (informative) KPIs in the context of MOM .15
Bibliography .19
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems
and integration, Subcommittee SC 5, Interoperability, integration and architectures of automation systems
and applications.
ISO 22400 consists of the following parts, under the general title Automation systems and integration —
Key performance indicators (KPIs) for manufacturing operations management:
— Part 1: Overview, concepts and terminology
— Part 2: Definitions and descriptions
The following parts are planned:
— Part 3: Exchange and use
— Part 4: Relationships and dependencies
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Using key performance indicators (KPIs) for manufacturing operations management (MOM) is motivated
by the possibility to use them to improve the value creation processes of an enterprise.
Measuring performance enables an enterprise to quantify aspects of all its activities. ISO 22400 focuses
on performance measures found to be particularly meaningful for the realization of operational
performance improvement. These performance measures can be achieved through combining various
measurements from operations and forming what are called KPIs. The monitoring of performance is
specific to identified objectives of the enterprise, and KPIs are most useful when their values can be
used to identify trends relative to certain operational objectives.
Within an enterprise, the various operational areas, such as sales, manufacturing, engineering, marketing,
and other business support functions, have different sets of performance indicators. These various
performance indicators are used together to monitor the realization of enterprise business objectives.
An International Standard for KPIs is beneficial for comparing enterprise operations over extended
periods of time and for comparing similar operations of enterprises within an industry.
The management of manufacturing operations is normally associated with an intermediate level
within the functional hierarchy of a manufacturing enterprise. In IEC 62264-1, the MOM domain is the
intermediate domain between the enterprise domain (Level 4) and the control domain (Levels 1 and 2).
The KPIs defined in this part of ISO 22400 are intended to be calculated using data from the control
domain, and to provide both the enterprise domain and the MOM domain with decision support
information to manage the enterprise.
This part of ISO 22400 presents an overview, concepts and terminology for KPIs. ISO 22400-2 covers
guidelines for computing and for measuring the components of a KPI. Future parts of ISO 22400 will
cover definitions for the content and context of the exchange and the use of KPIs, and specifications of
relationships, dependencies among KPIs, and the maturity of the collection and use of KPIs.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22400-1:2014(E)
Automation systems and integration — Key performance
indicators (KPIs) for manufacturing operations
management —
Part 1:
Overview, concepts and terminology
1 Scope
ISO 22400 specifies an industry-neutral framework for defining, composing, exchanging, and using
key performance indicators (KPIs) for manufacturing operations management (MOM), as defined in
IEC 62264-1, for batch, continuous and discrete industries.
This part of ISO 22400
— provides an overview of a KPI;
— presents concepts of relevance for working with KPIs, including criteria for constructing KPIs;
— specifies terminology related to KPIs;
— describes how a KPI can be used.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1.1
capability
ability to perform actions
Note 1 to entry: The definition includes attributes on qualifications and measures of the ability, as in the
definition of capacity.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264–1:2013, 3.1.6, modified]
2.1.2
element
relevant measurements for use in the formula of a key performance indicator (2.1.5)
2.1.3
integration
state or condition wherein two or more entities are able to form, or be observed as, a single entity
exhibiting a structure, a behaviour, and a boundary that are determined by the interoperability (2.1.4)
properties of the forming entities, as needed to perform a common task
[SOURCE: ISO 18435-1:2009, 3.9, modified]
2.1.4
interoperability
capability (2.1.1) of two or more entities to exchange items in accordance with a set of rules and
mechanisms implemented by an interface in each entity, in order to perform their respective tasks
Note 1 to entry: Examples of entities include devices, equipment, machines, people, processes (2.1.8), applications,
software units, systems and enterprises.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of items include information, material, energy, control, assets and ideas.
[SOURCE: ISO 18435-1:2009, 3.12]
2.1.5
key performance indicator
KPI
quantifiable level of achieving a critical objective
Note 1 to entry: The KPIs are derived directly from, or through an aggregation function of, physical measurements,
data and/or other KPIs.
2.1.6
manufacturing operations management
MOM
activities within Level 3 of a manufacturing facility that coordinate the personnel, equipment and
material in manufacturing
[SOURCE: IEC
...
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