ISO 5603:2024
(Main)Rubber, vulcanized — Determination of adhesion to wire cord
Rubber, vulcanized — Determination of adhesion to wire cord
This document specifies two methods for determining the adhesion strength of vulcanized rubber to wire cord which is embedded in the rubber. The two methods do not necessarily give the same results. They are applicable primarily to test pieces prepared in the laboratory under standard conditions and used for the development and control of materials and processes utilized in the manufacture of products reinforced with wire cord. NOTE The methods can also be used for single wire, for example bead wire. Method 1 reduces the dependence of the measured adhesion on the modulus and strength properties of the rubber.
Caoutchouc vulcanisé — Détermination de l'adhérence à un câble métallique
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 5603
Fifth edition
Rubber, vulcanized — Determination
2024-04
of adhesion to wire cord
Caoutchouc vulcanisé — Détermination de l'adhérence à un câble
métallique
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Materials . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Calibration . 9
8 Test piece . 9
8.1 Form .9
8.2 Dimensions .11
8.3 Preparation .11
8.3.1 General .11
8.3.2 Method 1 .11
8.3.3 Method 2 . 12
8.3.4 Both methods . 12
9 Procedure .12
10 Expression of results . 14
11 Test report . 14
Annex A (normative) Calibration schedule .15
iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee
SC 2, Testing and analysis.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 5603:2017), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the normative references have been updated.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
International Standard ISO 5603:2024(en)
Rubber, vulcanized — Determination of adhesion to wire cord
WARNING 1 — Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This
document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It
is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure
compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
WARNING 2 — Certain procedures specified in this document might involve the use or generation of
substances, or the generation of waste, that could constitute a local environmental hazard. Reference
should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use.
1 Scope
This document specifies two methods for determining the adhesion strength of vulcanized rubber to wire
cord which is embedded in the rubber.
The two methods do not necessarily give the same results.
They are applicable primarily to test pieces prepared in the laboratory under standard conditions and
used for the development and control of materials and processes utilized in the manufacture of products
reinforced with wire cord.
NOTE The methods can also be used for single wire, for example bead wire.
Method 1 reduces the dependence of the measured adhesion on the modulus and strength properties of
the rubber.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2393, Rubber test mixes — Preparation, mixing and vulcanization — Equipment and procedures
ISO 5893, Rubber and plastics test equipment — Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate of
traverse) — Specification
ISO 18899:2013, Rubber — Guide to the calibration of test equipment
ISO 23529, Rubber — General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
The adhesion strength is determined by measuring the force required to pull out a single cord from the
surrounding rubber of a prepared test piece. The force is directed along the axis of the cord, using a test jig
containing a suitably chosen circular- or square-shaped hole to ensure uniformity of stress.
Test pieces of cord and rubber are prepared together by vulcanizing them under pressure.
In method 1, the exterior surface of the rubber is suitably reinforced.
In method 2, such reinforcement is not employed.
5 Materials
5.1 Wire cord, conforming to the specification of the bonding system to be investigated. If no specification
is given, brass-plated steel cord of construction (1 × 3 × 0,15) mm + (6 × 0,27) mm or of construction
(7 × 4 × 0,22) mm shall be used.
NOTE The sizes of the cords are defined here in terms of their diameter and the number of component wires,
starting from the centre core of the cord.
For quality control of cord, it shall be tested in the condition received, i.e. neither cleaned nor dried.
It is essential that the wire cord be stored in a dry atmosphere to prevent any surface deterioration. Storage
can conveniently be carried out in an airtight container which also contains a desiccating material (for
example, silica, SiO ). The container shall only be opened when removing wire cord and shall then be closed
immediately. It is also essential that the cord not be contaminated with dust from the desiccating material.
5.2 Unvulcanized rubber compound, conforming to the specification of the bonding system to be
investigated. Whenever possible, the rubber shall be freshly milled. If for any reason the rubber cannot be
remilled, the surface shall be freshened by wiping with a solvent and allowed to dry. The preferred solvent
is heptane, but a suitable alternative could be a petroleum solvent with a distillation range of about 65 °C to
125 °C; these solvents shall possess a maximum residue on evaporation of 3 mg per 100 cm of solvent. The
compound shall be stored at a standard laboratory temperature of (23 ± 2) °C or (27 ± 2) °C prior to use.
It can be in the form of a calendered sheet of suitable thickness and shall be protected by a dark-coloured
polyethylene film.
5.3 Reinforcement material, to stiffen the rubber block. This applies only to method 1. The reinforcement
can either be a sheet metal strip treated with adhesive promoter (when the thickness t is at least 0,5 mm)
or a strip of rigid rubberized steel cord fabric. A suitable fabric is one containing steel cords of high bending
stiffness, for example, one of construction (1 × 3 × 0,30) mm + (6 × 0,38) mm [when the thickness t is
(2,5 ± 0,1) mm maximum].
6 Apparatus
6.1 Mould, capable of producing a test piece in which a multiplicity of cords is embedded equally spaced
along its length. Different moulds are employed for the two methods.
a) Method 1
The mould is of a semi-follow-on type to obtain maximum consolidation of rubber around the cord during
the pressing stage, but thereafter becomes a fixed-cavity mould.
One suitable mould designed to accommodate steel cord fabric reinforcement is shown in Figure 1. This
mould produces test pieces of length 310 mm containing 21 cords, but similar moulds employing other
numbers of cords greater than nine are acceptable. The mould dimension x will depend on the embedded
length of test piece required (which is governed by the diameter of wire cord used, see 8.2). The mould shall
be provided with pairs of inserts or spacers to obtain the different lengths of cord embedment. Dimension y
is sufficiently great to allow the incorporation of excess rubber during moulding (see 8.3.1).
Another suitable mould designed to accommodate steel strip reinforcement is shown in Figure 2. A
tensioning device for the cords can be used with this mould. Figure 3 details some mould dime
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