ISO 16404:2020
(Main)Space systems — Programme management — Requirements management
Space systems — Programme management — Requirements management
This document presents the requirements for requirements management (RM) for space projects. This document addresses the space programme/project management requirements, applicable through a top-down approach in a contractual relationship between customers and suppliers. The objective of this document is to state and establish a common reference framework for all the customers and suppliers in the space sector to deploy requirements management for all space products and projects. This document on requirements management includes — a definition of the requirements management scope for the space sector, — the standard processes for requirements management within the product lifecycle management, and — a set of rules for requirements management activities to be implemented by the actors (customers and suppliers), including rules derived from best practices. The primary target audience for this document includes — the requirements management/systems engineering process owners of the customers and suppliers, — the programme/project managers managing the space programmes, and — the chief engineers and the quality managers. The term "programme" is understood as a group of several projects. Both "programme" and "project" can be used in the same context throughout this document. In addition, this document allows customer/supplier flexibility in its implementation and tailoring.
Systèmes spatiaux — Management de programme — Management des Exigences
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16404
Second edition
2020-05
Space systems — Programme
management — Requirements
management
Systèmes spatiaux — Management de programme — Management
des Exigences
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 3
5 Objective and scope of requirements management . 4
5.1 Objective of requirements management . 4
5.2 Scope and interfaces. 4
5.2.1 Requirements management scope . 4
5.2.2 Interfaces and support for other disciplines . 5
6 Requirements management overall process . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Capture needs and develop requirements . 8
6.3 Allocation and flow down requirements . 9
6.4 Validate requirements . 9
6.5 Verify design against requirements . 9
6.6 Verify product against requirements . 9
6.7 Requirements change management . 9
7 Requirements management plan .10
7.1 General .10
7.2 Functional and technical specifications .10
7.3 Requirements management plan .10
8 Rules for requirements management .11
8.1 General .11
8.2 Rules for deployment of requirements management activities .11
8.3 Rules for requirements management .12
8.4 Key performance indicators .12
Annex A (informative) Requirements management plan template .14
Bibliography .15
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee
SC 14, Space systems and operations.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16404:2013), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— The terms and definitions have been updated to be consistent with ISO 10795.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Introduction
There is a consensus that successful aerospace programmes/projects depend on meeting the needs and
requirements of the stakeholders/customers. When the requirements are for a complex system or for a
system that may take many years to be developed, a formal requirements management (RM) process is
mandatory and justified.
Requirements management concerns the collection, analysis, and validation of requirements with all
the communications and negotiations inherent in working with people.
This document will help to clarify and enhance current practices to improve programme management.
It is intended to be used by space programmes when establishing, performing, or evaluating
requirements management processes in the space sector.
This document describes requirements management functions and principles and defines a common
requirements management terminology for use with any product line.
Requirements management is an integral element of any programme, but, in space, it is particularly
important due to
— specific environmental conditions in space,
— a need for a high level of performance,
— a limited number of models,
— limited access to the product during operations,
— quasi-impossibility of repairing in the case of failure during flight,
— often high complexity of the organization, and
— associated high costs.
The deployment of this standardized common set of requirements management is intended to
encourage and facilitate international space cooperation.
Annex A gives the general template for a requirements management plan.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16404:2020(E)
Space systems — Programme management —
Requirements management
1 Scope
This document presents the requirements for requirements management (RM) for space projects.
This document addresses the space programme/project management requirements, applicable through
a top-down approach in a contractual relationship between customers and suppliers.
The objective of this document is to state and establish a common reference framework for all the
customers and suppliers in the space sector to deploy requirements management for all space products
and projects.
This document on requirements management includes
— a definition of the requirements management scope for the space sector,
— the standard processes for requirements management within the product lifecycle management, and
— a set of rules for requirements management activities to be implemented by the actors (customers
and suppliers), including rules derived from best practices.
The primary target audience for this document includes
— the requirements management/systems engineering process owners of the customers and suppliers,
— the programme/project managers managing the space programmes, and
— the chief engineers and the quality managers.
The term "programme" is understood as a group of several projects. Both “programme” and “project”
can be used in the same context throughout this document.
In addition, this document allows customer/supplier flexibility in its implementation and tailoring.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9000, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO 10795, Space systems — Programme management and quality — Vocabulary
ISO 14300-1, Space systems — Programme management — Part 1: Structuring of a project
ISO 21351, Space systems — Functional and technical specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO 9000, ISO 10795 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
design verification
evaluation of the implementation of the design (architecture, components) against the requirements
(3.5) to determine that they can be met
Note 1 to entry: This is compliant with ISO 9001 verification.
3.2
product lifecycle
description of all stages of the product throughout its life starting from the expression of its need until
the disposal, whatever the form is
3.3
product verification
evaluation of the implementation of the product against the requirements (3.5) to determine that they
have been met
Note 1 to entry: This is compliant with ISO 9001 verification.
3.4
qualification
act or conduct by the supplier to provide evidences to prove that design, manufacturing (including
manufacturing process) of hardware/software is adequate to fulfil all requirements (3.5) under
required environment conditions
Note 1 to entry: This may be implemented by analysis, test, inspection, or demonstration.
[SOURCE: ISO 10795:2019, 3.183]
3.5
requirement
need or expectation that is stated, generally implied or obligatory
Note 1 to entry: “Generally implied” means that it is custom or common practice for the organization and
interested parties, that the need or expectation under consideration is implied.
Note 2 to entry: A specified requirement is one that is stated, for example in
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16404
Second edition
2020-05
Space systems — Programme
management — Requirements
management
Systèmes spatiaux — Management de programme — Management
des Exigences
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 3
5 Objective and scope of requirements management . 4
5.1 Objective of requirements management . 4
5.2 Scope and interfaces. 4
5.2.1 Requirements management scope . 4
5.2.2 Interfaces and support for other disciplines . 5
6 Requirements management overall process . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Capture needs and develop requirements . 8
6.3 Allocation and flow down requirements . 9
6.4 Validate requirements . 9
6.5 Verify design against requirements . 9
6.6 Verify product against requirements . 9
6.7 Requirements change management . 9
7 Requirements management plan .10
7.1 General .10
7.2 Functional and technical specifications .10
7.3 Requirements management plan .10
8 Rules for requirements management .11
8.1 General .11
8.2 Rules for deployment of requirements management activities .11
8.3 Rules for requirements management .12
8.4 Key performance indicators .12
Annex A (informative) Requirements management plan template .14
Bibliography .15
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee
SC 14, Space systems and operations.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16404:2013), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— The terms and definitions have been updated to be consistent with ISO 10795.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Introduction
There is a consensus that successful aerospace programmes/projects depend on meeting the needs and
requirements of the stakeholders/customers. When the requirements are for a complex system or for a
system that may take many years to be developed, a formal requirements management (RM) process is
mandatory and justified.
Requirements management concerns the collection, analysis, and validation of requirements with all
the communications and negotiations inherent in working with people.
This document will help to clarify and enhance current practices to improve programme management.
It is intended to be used by space programmes when establishing, performing, or evaluating
requirements management processes in the space sector.
This document describes requirements management functions and principles and defines a common
requirements management terminology for use with any product line.
Requirements management is an integral element of any programme, but, in space, it is particularly
important due to
— specific environmental conditions in space,
— a need for a high level of performance,
— a limited number of models,
— limited access to the product during operations,
— quasi-impossibility of repairing in the case of failure during flight,
— often high complexity of the organization, and
— associated high costs.
The deployment of this standardized common set of requirements management is intended to
encourage and facilitate international space cooperation.
Annex A gives the general template for a requirements management plan.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16404:2020(E)
Space systems — Programme management —
Requirements management
1 Scope
This document presents the requirements for requirements management (RM) for space projects.
This document addresses the space programme/project management requirements, applicable through
a top-down approach in a contractual relationship between customers and suppliers.
The objective of this document is to state and establish a common reference framework for all the
customers and suppliers in the space sector to deploy requirements management for all space products
and projects.
This document on requirements management includes
— a definition of the requirements management scope for the space sector,
— the standard processes for requirements management within the product lifecycle management, and
— a set of rules for requirements management activities to be implemented by the actors (customers
and suppliers), including rules derived from best practices.
The primary target audience for this document includes
— the requirements management/systems engineering process owners of the customers and suppliers,
— the programme/project managers managing the space programmes, and
— the chief engineers and the quality managers.
The term "programme" is understood as a group of several projects. Both “programme” and “project”
can be used in the same context throughout this document.
In addition, this document allows customer/supplier flexibility in its implementation and tailoring.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9000, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO 10795, Space systems — Programme management and quality — Vocabulary
ISO 14300-1, Space systems — Programme management — Part 1: Structuring of a project
ISO 21351, Space systems — Functional and technical specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO 9000, ISO 10795 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
design verification
evaluation of the implementation of the design (architecture, components) against the requirements
(3.5) to determine that they can be met
Note 1 to entry: This is compliant with ISO 9001 verification.
3.2
product lifecycle
description of all stages of the product throughout its life starting from the expression of its need until
the disposal, whatever the form is
3.3
product verification
evaluation of the implementation of the product against the requirements (3.5) to determine that they
have been met
Note 1 to entry: This is compliant with ISO 9001 verification.
3.4
qualification
act or conduct by the supplier to provide evidences to prove that design, manufacturing (including
manufacturing process) of hardware/software is adequate to fulfil all requirements (3.5) under
required environment conditions
Note 1 to entry: This may be implemented by analysis, test, inspection, or demonstration.
[SOURCE: ISO 10795:2019, 3.183]
3.5
requirement
need or expectation that is stated, generally implied or obligatory
Note 1 to entry: “Generally implied” means that it is custom or common practice for the organization and
interested parties, that the need or expectation under consideration is implied.
Note 2 to entry: A specified requirement is one that is stated, for example in
...
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