Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body

ISO 13854:2017 enables the user (e.g. standard makers, designers of machinery) to avoid hazards from crushing zones. It specifies minimum gaps relative to parts of the human body and is applicable when adequate safety can be achieved by this method. ISO 13854:2017 is applicable to risks from crushing hazards only and is not applicable to other possible hazards, e.g. impact, shearing, drawing-in. NOTE For impact, shearing, drawing-in hazards, additional or other measures are to be taken.

Sécurité des machines — Écartements minimaux pour prévenir les risques d'écrasement de parties du corps humain

L'ISO 13854 :2017 permet à l'utilisateur (par exemple, rédacteurs de normes, concepteurs de machines) de prévenir les risques occasionnés par les zones d'écrasement. Il spécifie les écartements minimaux relatifs aux parties du corps humain et est applicable lorsqu'une sécurité adéquate peut être obtenue par cette méthode. L'ISO 13854 :2017 s'applique uniquement aux risques d'écrasement et ne s'applique pas aux autres phénomènes dangereux possibles, par ex. choc, cisaillement, entraînement. NOTE Pour des phénomènes dangereux par exemple de choc, cisaillement, entraînement, des mesures supplémentaires ou d'autres dispositions doivent être prises.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
09-Nov-2017
Current Stage
9093 - International Standard confirmed
Start Date
27-Mar-2023
Completion Date
13-Dec-2025
Ref Project

Relations

Overview

ISO 13854:2017, titled Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body, is an international standard published by ISO that focuses on preventing crushing hazards in machinery. This standard specifies the minimum gaps or clearances required between machine parts to ensure that various parts of the human body are not subjected to crushing injuries. Its primary objective is to guide manufacturers, designers, and standard makers in applying effective mechanical safety measures when adequate protection can be achieved through controlling minimum gaps.

ISO 13854:2017 addresses crushing hazards only and does not cover other risk types such as impact, shearing, or drawing-in. It is a Type B1 safety standard under ISO 12100, dealing with generic safety aspects applicable across numerous machine types. The standard complements more specific Type C standards that address detailed safety requirements for particular machine categories.

Key Topics

  • Scope and Application
    Focuses on preventing human body part crushing by specifying minimum gap values suitable for different body parts. It applies when safety can be achieved solely by maintaining these minimum clearances.

  • Risk Identification and Assessment
    Users must identify crushing hazards and assess them in line with ISO 12100 protocols. Special considerations include unpredictable behavior of children, anthropometric variations across different ethnic groups, use of protective clothing, tools, and footwear that may affect interaction with machinery.

  • Minimum Gap Values
    The standard provides a clear table of minimum gap dimensions for body parts such as:

    • Entire body: 500 mm
    • Head (worst-case position): 300 mm
    • Leg: 180 mm
    • Foot: 120 mm
    • Toes: 50 mm
    • Arm: 120 mm
    • Hand: 100 mm
    • Fist: 25 mm
      These values serve as benchmarks for the design of machinery guards and safety barriers.
  • Methodology
    ISO 13854:2017 should be used as part of an iterative safety strategy including risk reduction as outlined by ISO 12100. If minimum gaps alone cannot provide sufficient safety, additional protective measures must be implemented.

  • Protective Structures
    It also addresses the use of protective enclosures with restricted openings sized to prevent larger body parts from accessing crushing zones, enhancing safety when full minimum gap clearances cannot be maintained.

Applications

  • Machine Design and Manufacturing
    Engineers and machine manufacturers apply ISO 13854 to design safe machinery frameworks that reduce crushing injury risks by defining adequate space between machine parts.

  • Safety Standard Development
    Standard makers develop new machinery safety standards integrating ISO 13854 requirements, especially when dealing with crushing hazard prevention.

  • Workplace Safety
    Organizations responsible for occupational health and safety use this standard to evaluate mechanical hazards, ensuring protective barriers and clearances align with best practices to protect employees.

  • Regulatory Compliance
    Regulatory bodies reviewing machinery safety may refer to ISO 13854 as a guideline or requirement for minimum protective dimensions, facilitating safer machine operation environments.

  • Maintenance and Service Providers
    Professionals servicing machinery benefit from understanding these minimum clearance requirements to maintain or retrofit equipment safety features adequately.

Related Standards

  • ISO 12100:2010 – Safety of machinery – General principles for design, risk assessment, and risk reduction. Provides the overarching risk management framework related to machinery safety, which ISO 13854 supports.

  • ISO 13857 – Safety of machinery – Safety distances to prevent upper and lower limb access to hazardous zones. Complements ISO 13854 by addressing safety distances for preventing access to various danger zones beyond crushing hazards.

  • IEC Electropedia and ISO Online Browsing Platform – Offer terminological support ensuring consistent use of safety-related terms referenced in ISO 13854.

Summary

ISO 13854:2017 provides clear, practical guidance for minimizing crushing injuries in machinery by specifying minimum gap dimensions tailored to human body parts. Its integration with ISO 12100 and complementary standards like ISO 13857 makes it an essential reference for designers, manufacturers, safety professionals, and regulators aiming to optimize machinery safety. By applying its principles, stakeholders can reduce crush hazard risks effectively while supporting compliance with international safety benchmarks.

Standard
ISO 13854:2017 - Safety of machinery -- Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
English language
5 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
Standard
ISO 13854:2017 - Sécurité des machines -- Écartements minimaux pour prévenir les risques d'écrasement de parties du corps humain
French language
6 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13854
Second edition
2017-11
Safety of machinery — Minimum
gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the
human body
Sécurité des machines — Écartements minimaux pour prévenir les
risques d'écrasement de parties du corps humain
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Minimum gaps . 1
4.1 Methodology for the use of this document . 1
4.2 Values . 3
Annex A (informative) Illustration of crushing zones . 5
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13854:1996), of which it constitutes a
minor revision.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Introduction
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows.
a) Type-A standards (basis standards) give basic concepts, principles for design and general aspects
that can be applied to machinery.
b) Type-B standards (generic safety standards) deal with one or more safety aspect(s), or one or more
type(s) of safeguards that can be used across a wide range of machinery.
— type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
— type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure-
sensitive devices, guards).
c) Type-C standards (machinery safety standards) deal with detailed safety requirements for a
particular machine or group of machines.
ISO 13854 is a type-B-1 standard as stated in ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
abovementioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The abovementioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process
...


NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 13854
Deuxième édition
2017-11
Sécurité des machines —
Écartements minimaux pour prévenir
les risques d'écrasement de parties
du corps humain
Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of
the human body
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2017
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2017, Publié en Suisse
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur
l’internet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à
l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Ecartements minimaux . 2
4.1 Méthodologie pour l'utilisation du présent document . 2
4.2 Valeurs . 3
Annexe A (informative) Illustration des zones d'écrasement . 5
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www.
iso.org/directives).
L'attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 199, Sécurité des machines.
Cette seconde édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 13854:1996), dont elle constitue une
révision mineure.
iv © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

Introduction
La structure des normes de sécurité dans le domaine des machines est la suivante.
a) Normes de type A (normes fondamentales de sécurité), contenant des notions fondamentales, des
principes de conception et des aspects généraux relatifs aux machines.
b) Normes de type B (normes génériques de sécurité), traitant d’un aspect de la sécurité ou d’un
moyen de protection valable pour une large gamme de machines.
— normes de type B1, traitant d’aspects particuliers de la sécurité (par exemple, distances de
sécurité, température superficielle, bruit);
— normes de type B2, traitant de moyens de protection (par exemple, commandes bimanuelles,
dispositifs de verrouillage, dispositifs sensibles à la pression, protecteurs).
c) Normes de type C (normes de sécurité par catégorie de machines), traitant des exigences de sécurité
détaillées pour une machine particulière ou un groupe de machines particulier.
L’ISO 13854 est une norme de type B1 telle que stipulée dans l’ISO 12100.
Le présent document est destiné en particulier aux groupes de parties prenantes suivants, qui
représentent les acteurs du marché en matière de sécurité des machines:
— les fabricants de machines (petites, moyennes et grandes entreprises);
— les organismes d’hygiène et de sécurité (autorités réglementaires, organismes de prévention des
accidents, surveillance du marché, etc.).
D’autres personnes peuvent être concernées par le niveau de sécurité des machines obtenu par
l’intermédiaire des moyens mis en œuvre dans la présente Norme internationale par les groupes de
parties prenantes mentionnés ci-dessus:
— les utilisateurs de machines/employeurs (petites, moyennes et grandes entreprises);
— les utilisateurs de machines/employés (par exemple syndicats, organisations de personnes ayant
des besoins spécifiques);
— les prestataires de services, par exemple pour la maintenance (petites, moyennes et grandes
entreprises);
— les consommateurs (s’il est prévu que la machine soit utilisée par des consommateurs).
Les groupes de parties prenantes mentionnés ci-dessus ont eu la possibilité de participer à l’élaboration
du présent document.
Le présent document est en outre destiné aux organismes de normalisation élaborant des normes
de type C.
Les exigences du présent document peuv
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

Loading comments...

Frequently Asked Questions

ISO 13854:2017 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body". This standard covers: ISO 13854:2017 enables the user (e.g. standard makers, designers of machinery) to avoid hazards from crushing zones. It specifies minimum gaps relative to parts of the human body and is applicable when adequate safety can be achieved by this method. ISO 13854:2017 is applicable to risks from crushing hazards only and is not applicable to other possible hazards, e.g. impact, shearing, drawing-in. NOTE For impact, shearing, drawing-in hazards, additional or other measures are to be taken.

ISO 13854:2017 enables the user (e.g. standard makers, designers of machinery) to avoid hazards from crushing zones. It specifies minimum gaps relative to parts of the human body and is applicable when adequate safety can be achieved by this method. ISO 13854:2017 is applicable to risks from crushing hazards only and is not applicable to other possible hazards, e.g. impact, shearing, drawing-in. NOTE For impact, shearing, drawing-in hazards, additional or other measures are to be taken.

ISO 13854:2017 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.110 - Safety of machinery. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ISO 13854:2017 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 15638-1:2012, ISO 13854:1996. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

You can purchase ISO 13854:2017 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.

ISO 13854:2017は、機械の安全性に関する重要な標準であり、人体の一部を圧迫から守るための最小ギャップに関する指針を提供しています。この標準は、機械設計者や規格作成者などのユーザーが、圧迫ゾーンからの危険を回避するための有効な手段となります。 本標準の強みは、標準的な圧迫リスクに対処するための具体的な最小ギャップを定めている点にあります。これにより、機械設計の段階で安全性を向上させるための明確な基準が得られ、製造業や機械業界における安全対策の質を高めます。この適用可能なリスクは圧迫リスクのみであり、その他のリスク(衝撃、剪断、引き込み等)に対しては追加の対策が必要である旨も明記されており、利用者に対して包括的な安全管理を促しています。 ISO 13854:2017は、使用される際に十分な安全を確保できる状況において適用可能で、特に機械の設計や運用において人間の安全を第一に考慮した設計アプローチを奨励します。この文書は、機械の安全性確保における基本的な枠組みを提供するものであり、業界全体において不可欠なリソースとなっています。ビジネスの現場で実施される際に、ISO 13854:2017のガイドラインを遵守することは、労働環境の安全性を確保するために極めて重要です。

ISO 13854:2017 provides a crucial framework for enhancing the safety of machinery by defining the minimum gaps necessary to avoid crushing hazards associated with various parts of the human body. The standard is specifically designed for use by machinery designers and standard makers, thereby ensuring that safety measures are integrated right from the design phase. One of the significant strengths of ISO 13854:2017 is its focused approach, which specifically targets risks stemming from crushing zones. By establishing clear minimum gap requirements, the standard aids in preventing injuries or fatalities that could arise from human body parts becoming trapped. This specificity is essential for the effective design and implementation of safety measures, making it highly relevant in industries where machinery operation poses significant risks. However, it is important to note that ISO 13854:2017 is limited to crushing hazards and does not address other potential risks such as impact, shearing, or drawing-in. Thus, while the standard provides an excellent starting point for minimizing crushing hazards, it emphasizes the need for additional safety measures to combat other types of hazards. This structured approach guarantees that users are aware of the limitations of the standard and prompts them to consider a holistic safety strategy for their machinery. Overall, ISO 13854:2017 stands out as a vital document for ensuring machinery safety, enabling users to significantly reduce the risks of crushing injuries through clearly defined safety gaps. Its targeted scope and practical applicability reinforce its relevance in the ongoing effort to enhance workplace safety in various industrial settings.

ISO 13854:2017 표준은 기계의 안전성을 확보하기 위한 중요한 기준으로, 특히 인체의 부위를 압착하는 위험을 예방하기 위한 최소 간격을 명시하고 있습니다. 이 표준은 기계 설계자 및 표준 제정자에게 사용되며, 압착 구역에서 발생할 수 있는 위험을 사전에 인지하고 차단할 수 있는 가이드라인을 제공합니다. ISO 13854:2017의 주요 강점은 인간의 신체 부위에 대한 최소 간격을 제시함으로써, 충돌 및 다른 위험 요소를 일으킬 가능성을 줄여준다는 점입니다. 이 표준은 기계 설계 시 해당 위험이 존재할 경우, 이를 본질적으로 해결할 수 있는 실질적 방법을 제공하기 때문에 매우 적절한 기준으로 평가됩니다. 또한, ISO 13854:2017은 압착 위험에 국한되어 적용되며, 충돌, 절단, 인입 등의 다른 타입의 위험에 대해서는 별도의 조치를 요구합니다. 이것은 사용자가 각 위험에 맞춰 각기 다른 안전 조치를 취할 수 있도록 하여, 안전성을 더욱 강화합니다. 이와 같은 뚜렷한 범위 설정은 사용자에게 필요한 안전 요구사항을 명확히 하여, 적용의 일관성과 효과성을 높이는 데 기여합니다. 결론적으로, ISO 13854:2017은 기계 안전성을 향상시키는 데 필수적인 표준으로, 압착 위험을 예방하기 위한 최소한의 기준을 제시하며, 사용자가 이 기준을 통해 보다 안전한 기계 설계를 할 수 있도록 지원합니다.