ISO/IEC Guide 77-3:2008
(Main)Guide for specification of product properties and classes — Part 3: Experience gained
Guide for specification of product properties and classes — Part 3: Experience gained
ISO/IEC Guide 77-3:2008 provides general advice and guidance for the description of products and their characteristics by the use of ISO 13584 and IEC 61360 for the creation of computer processable product libraries, catalogues and reference dictionaries. This description will provide the details of the products and their properties in an unambiguous manner, capable of computer communication in a form that is independent of any proprietary application software. The term “product” is taken to include devices, processes, systems, installations, etc. ISO/IEC Guide 77-3:2008 is intended to assist in the objective of enabling the flow of technical information between internal and external business partners in a cost effective and timely manner. The guidance in ISO/IEC Guide 77-3:2008 is intended to assist the following groups: convenors and members of ISO technical committees; technical experts contributing their knowledge to the development of reference dictionaries, data bases and product libraries; information experts responsible for the generation of applications of ISO 13584, particularly related to standardized reference dictionaries; managers and technical experts in the manufacturing industry. ISO/IEC Guide 77-3:2008 is intended to provide practical information of the experience gained in the creation of product reference dictionaries within ISO and IEC. ISO/IEC Guide 77-3:2008 is intended for information only, in areas such as education. The following are within the scope of ISO/IEC Guide 77-3:2008: experience of developing a reference dictionary for cutting tools; experience of developing a reference dictionary for electronic components; experience of creating a system for the maintenance of a reference dictionary for measuring instruments; experience of developing a reference dictionary for fasteners. The following are outside the scope of ISO/IEC Guide 77-3:2008: an overview for ISO technical committees and industrial managers for the development of computer-processable product libraries, reference dictionaries and catalogues; technical guidance for the creation of product libraries and dictionaries.
Guide pour la spécification des classes et des propriétés du produit — Partie 3: Expérience acquise
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
GUIDE 77-3
Guide for specification
of product properties
and classes —
Part 3:
Experience gained
First edition 2008
©
ISO/IEC 2008
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ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-3:2008(E)
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ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-3:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Terms and definitions .2
3 Overview.2
4 Developing a PLIB reference dictionary for ISO 13399 .3
4.1 General .3
4.2 Determining the scope of the development project .4
4.3 Selection of the project team .5
4.4 Supporting software.6
4.5 PLIB information model.6
4.6 Establishment of liaisons .6
4.7 Development of the classification .6
4.8 Visible properties .10
4.9 Checking the records.11
4.10 Prototype implementation .11
4.11 Producing the standard documents.11
4.12 Expenditure of effort .12
4.13 Conclusions .12
5 Development of the IEC 61360 reference dictionary .13
5.1 Introduction.13
5.2 Scope and objectives.13
5.3 Organizing the work.14
5.4 ISO/IEC information model.14
5.5 Constraining and explaining the IEC use of the ISO/IEC information model.15
5.6 Property specification attributes .15
5.7 Classification of components .17
5.8 Maintenance procedure .20
5.9 Tools and publication .23
5.10 Global unique identification .23
5.11 Conclusions .24
6 Development of the ISO 13584-501 reference dictionary.25
6.1 General .25
6.2 Starting and conducting a dictionary project.25
6.3 Development of the reference dictionary.26
6.4 Publishing the standard.29
6.5 Applying dictionary standards.29
6.6 Provision of tools, experts, and financial resources.29
6.7 PLIB information model.29
6.8 Planned maintenance for the reference dictionary.29
6.9 Expenditure of effort .31
6.10 Conclusion .31
7 Development of the ISO 13584-511 reference dictionary.32
7.1 Identifying the scope.32
7.2 ISO 13584-511 team and cooperation with TC 2 .32
7.3 Classification .32
7.4 Example hierarchy of externally threaded fastener and the reference mechanism.34
7.5 Properties.38
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ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-3:2008(E)
7.6 Hardness and thread .40
7.7 Tools .40
7.8 Conclusion .40
8 Lessons learned.41
8.1 General.41
8.2 ISO/TC 37 (reference dictionary for cutting tool) .41
8.3 IEC/TC 3/SC 3D (reference dictionary of electrotechnical components).41
8.4 ISO/TC 184/SC 4/WG 2, ISO 13584-501 project team (reference dictionaries for measuring
instruments) .42
9 Conclusions .43
9.1 General.43
9.2 Efforts .43
9.3 Project setup .43
9.4 Required knowledge and training of experts.43
9.5 Tools and software .44
9.6 Modelling issues.44
9.7 Maintenance and practical use.45
9.8 Final conclusion.45
Annex A (informative) Illustrations of activity work flows .46
Annex B (informative) References to Internet information on tools and organizations maintaining
reference dictionaries .52
Annex C (informative) Glossary of useful terms.53
Bibliography .54
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ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-3:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
Draft Guides adopted by the responsible Committee or Group are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as a Guide requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC Guide 77-3 was prepared by the Joint Technical Advisory Group of the ISO Technical Management
Board and the IEC Standardization Management Board on product properties and families.
ISO/IEC Guide 77 consists of the following parts, under the general title Guide for specification of product
properties and classes:
⎯ Part 1: Fundamental benefits
⎯ Part 2: Technical principles and guidance
⎯ Part 3: Experience gained
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ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-3:2008(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO/IEC Guide 77 contains a number of experience reports about the development of reference
dictionaries. It contains examples from ISO/TC 29 (on cutting tools), ISO/TC 184/SC 4 (on instrumentation
and fasteners), and IEC/SC 3D (on the IEC reference dictionary).
The common ISO 13584/IEC 61360 dictionary model (2.1) and the methodology as described in
ISO/IEC Guide 77-1 and ISO/IEC Guide 77-2 have been used and are being used as the basis for the
development of reference dictionaries. To support future developers of reference dictionaries, this part of
ISO/IEC Guide 77 describes the experiences gained in some projects over the last few years. The
experiences reported are based on work from different standardization committees. The aim of this part of
ISO/IEC Guide 77 is to give practical information, such as the following:
a) Which kind of procedures have been adopted for the creation of the different reference dictionaries?
b) What basic decisions have been taken in the creation process?
c) How much effort has been spent on these projects?
d) How have the resources of the common ISO/IEC data model been used?
e) How will the reference dictionaries be maintained?
The following International Standards are used as examples:
⎯ ISO 13399, a reference dictionary for cutting tools developed by ISO/TC 29/WG 34;
⎯ IEC 61360, the reference dictionary of components within the electrotechnical domain developed by
IEC/SC 3D;
⎯ ISO 13584-501, an initial reference dictionary content of laboratory and environment measuring
instruments to be registered into ISO 13584-501RA (Registration Authority), developed by
ISO/TC 184/SC 4/WG 2;
⎯ ISO 13584-511, a reference dictionary of fasteners developed by ISO/TC 184/SC 4/WG 2 with support
from ISO/TC 2.
The examples provided contain a variety of different approaches, based on different starting points and goals.
Due to these different approaches, the clauses in this part of ISO/IEC Guide 77 describing each of the
individual projects are not structured in the same way. Rather than following a uniform structure, they
emphasize those aspects which were important for their specific development process. To give an initial
overview, key points and common and differentiating aspects have been summarized in Clause 3. Clauses 4
to 7 contain the detailed reports about the development projects.
NOTE In the context of this part of ISO/IEC Guide 77, the term “reference dictionary” is used to refer to the data
dictionaries that have been built in the above-mentioned technical standardization committees on the basis of the data
model defined in ISO 13584 and IEC 61360. In other communities (e.g. in the semantic Web world), such a reference
dictionary would be seen as a special case of an ontology.
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ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-3:2008(E)
Guide for specification of product properties and classes —
Part 3:
Experience gained
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC Guide 77 provides general advice and guidance for the description of products and their
characteristics by the use of ISO 13584 and IEC 61360 for the creation of computer processable product
libraries, catalogues and reference dictionaries. This description will provide the details of the products and
their properties in an unambiguous manner, capable of computer communication in a form that is independent
of any proprietary application software. The term “product” is taken to include devices, processes, systems,
installations, etc. This part of ISO/IEC Guide 77 is intended to assist in the objective of enabling the flow of
technical information between internal and external business partners in a cost effective and timely manner.
The guidance in this part of ISO/IEC Guide 77 is intended to assist the following groups:
⎯ convenors and members of ISO technical committees;
⎯ technical experts contributing their knowledge to the development of reference dictionaries, data bases
and product libraries;
⎯ information experts responsible for the generation of applications of ISO 13584, particularly related to
standardized reference dictionaries;
⎯ managers and technical experts in the manufacturing industry.
This part of ISO/IEC Guide 77 is intended to provide practical information of the experience gained in the
creation of product reference dictionaries within ISO and IEC. This part of ISO/IEC Guide 77 is intended for
information only, in areas such as education.
The following are within the scope of this part of ISO/IEC Guide 77:
⎯ experience of developing a reference dictionary for cutting tools;
⎯ experience of developing a reference dictionary for electronic components;
⎯ experience of creating a system for the maintenance of a reference dictionary for measuring instruments;
⎯ experience of developing a reference dictionary for fasteners.
The following are outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC Guide 77:
⎯ an overview for ISO technical committees and industrial managers for the development of computer-
processable product libraries, reference dictionaries and catalogues;
NOTE 1 An overview of the development of computer-processable product libraries, reference dictionaries and
catalogues is provided in ISO/IEC Guide 77-1.
⎯ technical guidance for the creation of product libraries and dictionaries.
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ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-3:2008(E)
NOTE 2 Technical guidance for the creation of product libraries and dictionaries is provided in ISO/IEC Guide 77-2.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
common ISO 13584/IEC 61360 dictionary model
data model for product ontology, using the information modelling language EXPRESS, resulting from a joint
effort between ISO/TC 184/SC 4/WG 2 and IEC/SC 3D
[ISO/IEC Guide 77-2:—, 2.6]
2.2
is-a relationship
class inclusion relationship associated with inheritance
[ISO/IEC Guide 77-2:—, 2.9]
2.3
reference dictionary
product ontology compliant with the common ISO 13584/IEC 61360 dictionary model (2.1)
[ISO/IEC Guide 77-2:—, 2.21]
3 Overview
The initiators and drivers of the selected projects are quite different groups, as outlined below.
⎯ ISO 13399 was developed by the leading manufacturers of cutting tools (AB Sandvik Coromant and
Kennametal, Inc.).
⎯ The IEC reference dictionary (IEC 61360) was initially based on the internal Philips model. Since 1989,
the work has been handed over and further developed by the horizontal committee IEC/SC 3D in the IEC
organization.
⎯ ISO 13584-501 was developed in cooperation between an industrial association in Japan (JEMIMA,
Japan Electric Measuring Instruments Manufacturers' Association) and a PLIB software provider
(TOSHIBA Corporation).
⎯ The fastener reference dictionary (ISO 13584-511) was developed by the Chinese National Institute of
Standards with support of technical experts from China and from ISO/TC 2.
The reference dictionary of cutting tools supports an entity-relationship information model, which describes the
assembly of the components of a modern cutting tool with defined cutting edges, whereas the other
dictionaries are stand-alone reference dictionaries, which are not linked to an additional model.
The examples show different approaches to maintenance: ISO 13584-511 relies on the normal maintenance
mechanisms defined for paper-based International Standards, whereas ISO 13399 and IEC 61360 have
installed or will install a maintenance agency to maintain the reference dictionary (2.3) as a standard. The
reference dictionary related to the maintenance procedure of ISO 13584-501 itself is not standardized. It is
instead registered on behalf of ISO by a registration authority in accordance with maintenance procedures
defined in ISO 13584-501. These procedures are similar to the procedures defined by IEC.
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All projects were truly interdisciplinary efforts, in which experts of the modelling methodology were involved
alongside the technical experts. In addition, software engineers have developed various tools to support the
development process, and they also implemented prototype applications to ensure the usability of the
reference dictionaries in actual applications. It was even suggested to involve marketing experts, in order to
ensure that information about new products and new applications are considered in the reference dictionary.
All projects reported the importance of software tools to support the development process. This includes
editors for capturing information, tools for checking the correctness of data, means for distributing information,
etc. Three reference dictionaries are published in the STEP file format (ISO 10303-21). IEC has decided to
make IEC 61360 available in this format as well in the near future.
For the reference dictionary of cutting tools, a specific convention for the creation of names and definitions
was defined. Some of the standards use conventions for the generation of identifiers (e.g. to distinguish
between identifiers for classes and properties.
Some interesting aspects concerning the use of the underlying data model are outlined below.
a) Reuse of properties across reference dictionaries: the use of the is-case-of mechanism for this purpose is
illustrated in Clause 4 in the context of the reference dictionary for cutting tools which uses entries for
some nuts and bolts from ISO 13584-511.
b) Visible and applicable properties: the reference dictionary of cutting tools and the IEC reference dictionary
make all properties visible at the root class and apply them to different classes in their class hierarchies.
This has the advantage that a property can be applied to multiple classes in the hierarchy in various
branches. The properties defined in the IEC reference dictionary include in their definition the classes for
which the property is defined – this concept was used already before the concept of visible properties was
introduced into the PLIB data model. The reference dictionaries developed under ISO 13584 use the
visible properties to define the property domain, i.e. the definition of the property is linked to the definition
class for which it is visible. This makes it possible to tailor the property definition to its domain and to take
special aspects of the domain into account.
c) The reference dictionary for fasteners clusters various properties in the form of features. Such a feature
can be associated as a whole to a class (in the sense of a complex property). This allows for structuring
the set of properties and for a special organization of the characterization class hierarchy.
An important aspect for quality assurance is the possibility to formally validate exchange files. In view of the
use of reference dictionaries in computer-to-computer communication, e.g. as database schemas, it is of the
utmost importance to ensure the correctness of data. Dictionary providers may be made liable for the
correctness of their data.
Lastly, the reports show that the development of formal reference dictionaries requires a significant effort.
Some of the projects took several years and involved a number of man years. It is important to plan such a
project accordingly, i.e. to establish the necessary environment with respect to resources, liaisons and
cooperation with relevant technical committees. In addition, the maintenance process should be considered
from the start.
NOTE Annex C contains a Web site address providing links to organizations responsible for the maintenance of
reference dictionaries. Another address points to a Web site with links to various tools that are useful for the development
of reference dictionaries, including those tools that have been used by the projects described in this part of
ISO/IEC Guide 77.
4 Developing a PLIB reference dictionary for ISO 13399
4.1 General
ISO 13399 provides a reference dictionary for cutting tools data representation and exchange. The
development of ISO 13399 was carried out by cooperation between the world's largest manufacturers of
machine cutting tools in a project that lasted for more than 5 years (see 4.12).
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ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-3:2008(E)
The reasons for the development of ISO 13399 were:
⎯ cutting tools with defined cutting edges have become more complex with multiple replaceable inserts to
perform the cutting operation;
⎯ the use of cutting tools has become more adaptable following the changes in design of machine tools
able to use the same tool for many different operations;
⎯ the existing standard, ISO 3002, only defined cutting tools with brazed cutting items for single operations;
⎯ the reference system in ISO 3002 was not adequate to define all the properties of all the components of a
modern cutting tool (see Figure 1);
⎯ customers increasingly require that cutting tool data should be supplied in computer processable form
and the suppliers need to have one method for supplying this data to reduce their costs and complexity;
⎯ the main method of supplying data for modern cutting tool components and assemblies is intended to be
the information model of ISO 13399-1;
⎯ the reference dictionary of classes and properties for cutting tools was therefore developed as a separate
part of ISO 13399 to allow for the incorporation of new developments and new requirements without the
need to change the information model. In this case, just an update of the reference dictionary would be
required.
4.2 Determining the scope of the development project
The development project was to produce a new reference dictionary for ISO 13399. The main role of the
reference dictionary is to support the entity relationship information model (the information model) specified in
ISO 13399-1. The information model provides the resources to represent component parts of a modern cutting
tool and the assembly of parts to form a complete tool. The information model also enables parts to be
identified by using standardized labels from the reference dictionary, or to be referred to by their aliases using
the labels used by particular companies.
The main activities in the development of the reference dictionary were therefore to develop the class
hierarchy of items within the domain of machine cutting tools and to define the properties of these classes.
The scope of the domain is indicated in Figure 1. A modern cutting tool is an assembly of four main parts, as
follows:
⎯ cutting item: removes material from the work piece by a shearing action at defined cutting edges;
⎯ tool item: supports the cutting item or items in the cutting operation;
⎯ adaptive item: provides the connection between the tool item and the machine tool;
⎯ assembly item: provides the forces to hold the cutting item on the tool item.
These four parts were the starting basis for the class hierarchy. The cutting item may be a detachable insert
capable of being repositioned to bring different cutting edges into use, or permanently attached by means of a
brazed joint, or part of a solid tool.
The convention adapted for the scope was that the classes and their properties applied to the “tool in the
hand”. The alternative convention is for the “tool in use”. The “tool in use” convention will require additional
classes and properties which will be the subject of a subsequent project
...
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