ISO 20615:2018
(Main)Fibre ropes — Electrostatic surface potential measuring method
Fibre ropes — Electrostatic surface potential measuring method
This document specifies a method for determining the electrostatic charging propensity of fibre ropes by measuring the surface potential generated by tribocharging. This document is not intended to be used to evaluate the safety of ropes for use in explosive atmospheres as safety also depends on application conditions. The test method described in this document is only applicable to fibre ropes of diameter between 12 mm and 20 mm. The result obtained using this test method is valid only for the charging mechanism and parameters described in the test method. Charging can be different in end-use applications.
Cordages en fibres — Méthode de mesurage du potentiel électrostatique de surface
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20615
First edition
2018-10
Fibre ropes — Electrostatic surface
potential measuring method
Cordages en fibres — Méthode de mesurage du potentiel
électrostatique de surface
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Test atmosphere. 1
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Preparation of specimens . 4
7.1 Specimen diameter . 4
7.2 Cutting . 4
7.3 Splicing rope specimen . 4
7.4 Conditioning of specimen . 5
8 Testing procedure . 5
8.1 Rope specimen setting . 5
8.2 Measurement of surface potential generated by tribocharging . 5
9 Test report . 6
Annex A (normative) Verification procedure and correction factor . 7
Annex B (informative) Example of test results.10
Annex C (informative) Information on the effect of parameters .12
Annex D (informative) Interlaboratory test .14
Bibliography .17
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared jointly by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles, and Technical
Committee IEC/TC 101, Electrostatics. The draft was circulated for voting to the national bodies of both
ISO and IEC.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Heavy duty ropes can be made from metal wire or synthetic fibre or a combination of these two.
Historically, fibre ropes were commonly made of natural fibres such as cotton, flax, etc. Recently,
synthetic fibres have been used to make heavy duty ropes. Synthetic fibre ropes are lighter and stronger
than steel wire ropes and natural fibre ropes.
However, synthetic fibre can acquire electrostatic charge more easily compared to metal wire ropes or
natural fibre ropes.
To overcome this disadvantage, different methods have been applied to the manufacture of synthetic
fibre ropes, such as combining them with steel wire or blending with conductive yarn, etc. The
development of such ropes has taken place without a standard procedure for evaluating their
electrostatic propensity.
This document describes a test method that is used to determine tribocharging of fibre ropes by a
specified charging mechanism.
This testing method may not be representative of all possible charging mechanisms that are found in use.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20615:2018(E)
Fibre ropes — Electrostatic surface potential measuring
method
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the electrostatic charging propensity of fibre ropes
by measuring the surface potential generated by tribocharging.
This document is not intended to be used to evaluate the safety of ropes for use in explosive atmospheres
as safety also depends on application conditions.
The test method described in this document is only applicable to fibre ropes of diameter between
12 mm and 20 mm.
The result obtained using this test method is valid only for the charging mechanism and parameters
described in the test method. Charging can be different in end-use applications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 630-1, Structural steels — Part 1: General technical delivery conditions for hot-rolled products
ISO 1968, Fibre ropes and cordage — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1968 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
A fibre rope specimen is cut to a designated length and both ends spliced by the short splice method
to make an endless loop. The rope specimen loop is mounted in a rope driving apparatus and passes
around friction cylinders and a non-contacting electrostatic voltmeter. As the rope makes contact with
the friction cylinders, rollers and pulleys, it becomes electrostatically charged. The resulting surface
potential is measured by the non-contacting electrostatic voltmeter.
5 Test atmosphere
Unless otherwise agreed or specified, the atmosphere for conditioning and testing shall be a
temperature of (23 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (25 ± 5) %.
A different temperature or relative humidity may be used as appropriate for different geographical
regions, but in any case, the atmosphere for conditioning and testing shall include the lowest relative
humidity expected in use.
6 Apparatus
6.1 Apparatus for tribocharging and measuring surface potential
One possible test apparatus is shown in Figure 1 as an example. Other apparatus capable of measuring
surface potential generated by tribocharging and recording such measurements over a period of time
may also be used after appropriate validation. For the validation, test a rope made of high modulus
polyethylene (HMPE) and compare the data with the example shown in Annex B.
The apparatus should be earthed. National electrical codes can be applicable.
Dimensions in millimetres with tolerance of ±4,0 mm
Key
1 rope specimen
2 friction cylinder (no rotation)
3 friction cylinder (no rotation)
4 loading roller
5 load
6 driving pulley
7 electrostatic voltmeter
8 motor
9 recording device
Figure 1 — Diagram of an example of the test apparatus
6.1.1 Friction cylinders, consisting of two friction cylinders (see Figure 1, key items 2 and 3), which
are fixed without rotation, and the rope specimen winds around the cylinders. The dimension of each
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
cylinder is 140 mm ± 3 mm in diameter and 180 mm ± 3 mm between flanges. The material is E275A
prescribed in ISO 630-1 and polishing roughness is an arithmetic mean roughness of 6,3 μm.
E275A represents a typical material in many applications. However, there can be other materials in
other applications that have different triboelectric charging characteristics.
If the application for ropes requires testing using other friction materials, such as polyamide resin for
example, other material for the friction cylinders may be used and shall be recorded in the test report.
6.1.2 Loading roller, hanging freely in the rope path (Figure 1, key item 4) and loaded with a mass
of 2,4 kg ± 0,3 kg (Figure 1 key item 5). The diameter of the roller is 46 mm ± 3 mm. The material is the
same as the friction cylinder material.
If a different load is used, record it in the test report.
6.1.3 Driving pulley, for driving the rope specimen in this testing apparatus along the rope path
(Figure 1, key item 6). The material is the same as the friction cylinder material.
6.1.4 Electrostatic potential measuring instrument, non-contacting electrostatic voltmeter as
shown in Figure 2, which may be either an electrostatic field meter calibrated to read surface voltage
using a known target geometry, or a direct reading electrostatic voltmeter (e.g. vibrating reed type).
— Range: 0 kV to 20 kV, both positive and negative polarity.
— Response time (0 % to 90 % full scale): ≤10 ms.
Verification shall be performed, and the correction factors shall be calculated according to Annex A.
Key
1 non-contacting electrostatic voltmeter
2 sensing point
3 rope specimen
4 mounting base
Figure 2 — Electrostatic voltmeter
6.1.5 Driving motor, with speed controlled by an inverter system. The rope running speed for this
measurement is 0,6 m/s ± 0,1 m/s.
If a different rope speed is used, record it in the test report.
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20615
First edition
2018-10
Fibre ropes — Electrostatic surface
potential measuring method
Cordages en fibres — Méthode de mesurage du potentiel
électrostatique de surface
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Test atmosphere. 1
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Preparation of specimens . 4
7.1 Specimen diameter . 4
7.2 Cutting . 4
7.3 Splicing rope specimen . 4
7.4 Conditioning of specimen . 5
8 Testing procedure . 5
8.1 Rope specimen setting . 5
8.2 Measurement of surface potential generated by tribocharging . 5
9 Test report . 6
Annex A (normative) Verification procedure and correction factor . 7
Annex B (informative) Example of test results.10
Annex C (informative) Information on the effect of parameters .12
Annex D (informative) Interlaboratory test .14
Bibliography .17
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared jointly by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles, and Technical
Committee IEC/TC 101, Electrostatics. The draft was circulated for voting to the national bodies of both
ISO and IEC.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Heavy duty ropes can be made from metal wire or synthetic fibre or a combination of these two.
Historically, fibre ropes were commonly made of natural fibres such as cotton, flax, etc. Recently,
synthetic fibres have been used to make heavy duty ropes. Synthetic fibre ropes are lighter and stronger
than steel wire ropes and natural fibre ropes.
However, synthetic fibre can acquire electrostatic charge more easily compared to metal wire ropes or
natural fibre ropes.
To overcome this disadvantage, different methods have been applied to the manufacture of synthetic
fibre ropes, such as combining them with steel wire or blending with conductive yarn, etc. The
development of such ropes has taken place without a standard procedure for evaluating their
electrostatic propensity.
This document describes a test method that is used to determine tribocharging of fibre ropes by a
specified charging mechanism.
This testing method may not be representative of all possible charging mechanisms that are found in use.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20615:2018(E)
Fibre ropes — Electrostatic surface potential measuring
method
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the electrostatic charging propensity of fibre ropes
by measuring the surface potential generated by tribocharging.
This document is not intended to be used to evaluate the safety of ropes for use in explosive atmospheres
as safety also depends on application conditions.
The test method described in this document is only applicable to fibre ropes of diameter between
12 mm and 20 mm.
The result obtained using this test method is valid only for the charging mechanism and parameters
described in the test method. Charging can be different in end-use applications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 630-1, Structural steels — Part 1: General technical delivery conditions for hot-rolled products
ISO 1968, Fibre ropes and cordage — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1968 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
A fibre rope specimen is cut to a designated length and both ends spliced by the short splice method
to make an endless loop. The rope specimen loop is mounted in a rope driving apparatus and passes
around friction cylinders and a non-contacting electrostatic voltmeter. As the rope makes contact with
the friction cylinders, rollers and pulleys, it becomes electrostatically charged. The resulting surface
potential is measured by the non-contacting electrostatic voltmeter.
5 Test atmosphere
Unless otherwise agreed or specified, the atmosphere for conditioning and testing shall be a
temperature of (23 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (25 ± 5) %.
A different temperature or relative humidity may be used as appropriate for different geographical
regions, but in any case, the atmosphere for conditioning and testing shall include the lowest relative
humidity expected in use.
6 Apparatus
6.1 Apparatus for tribocharging and measuring surface potential
One possible test apparatus is shown in Figure 1 as an example. Other apparatus capable of measuring
surface potential generated by tribocharging and recording such measurements over a period of time
may also be used after appropriate validation. For the validation, test a rope made of high modulus
polyethylene (HMPE) and compare the data with the example shown in Annex B.
The apparatus should be earthed. National electrical codes can be applicable.
Dimensions in millimetres with tolerance of ±4,0 mm
Key
1 rope specimen
2 friction cylinder (no rotation)
3 friction cylinder (no rotation)
4 loading roller
5 load
6 driving pulley
7 electrostatic voltmeter
8 motor
9 recording device
Figure 1 — Diagram of an example of the test apparatus
6.1.1 Friction cylinders, consisting of two friction cylinders (see Figure 1, key items 2 and 3), which
are fixed without rotation, and the rope specimen winds around the cylinders. The dimension of each
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
cylinder is 140 mm ± 3 mm in diameter and 180 mm ± 3 mm between flanges. The material is E275A
prescribed in ISO 630-1 and polishing roughness is an arithmetic mean roughness of 6,3 μm.
E275A represents a typical material in many applications. However, there can be other materials in
other applications that have different triboelectric charging characteristics.
If the application for ropes requires testing using other friction materials, such as polyamide resin for
example, other material for the friction cylinders may be used and shall be recorded in the test report.
6.1.2 Loading roller, hanging freely in the rope path (Figure 1, key item 4) and loaded with a mass
of 2,4 kg ± 0,3 kg (Figure 1 key item 5). The diameter of the roller is 46 mm ± 3 mm. The material is the
same as the friction cylinder material.
If a different load is used, record it in the test report.
6.1.3 Driving pulley, for driving the rope specimen in this testing apparatus along the rope path
(Figure 1, key item 6). The material is the same as the friction cylinder material.
6.1.4 Electrostatic potential measuring instrument, non-contacting electrostatic voltmeter as
shown in Figure 2, which may be either an electrostatic field meter calibrated to read surface voltage
using a known target geometry, or a direct reading electrostatic voltmeter (e.g. vibrating reed type).
— Range: 0 kV to 20 kV, both positive and negative polarity.
— Response time (0 % to 90 % full scale): ≤10 ms.
Verification shall be performed, and the correction factors shall be calculated according to Annex A.
Key
1 non-contacting electrostatic voltmeter
2 sensing point
3 rope specimen
4 mounting base
Figure 2 — Electrostatic voltmeter
6.1.5 Driving motor, with speed controlled by an inverter system. The rope running speed for this
measurement is 0,6 m/s ± 0,1 m/s.
If a different rope speed is used, record it in the test report.
...
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