ISO 18139:2017

Ships and marine technology - Globe valves for use in low temperature applications - Design and testing requirements

ISO 18139:2017 specifies design, manufacture and test method requirements for cryogenic globe valves for excellent quality leakage stability for use in a very low temperature environment (−50°C to −196°C).

Navires et technologie maritime — Robinets à soupape destinées aux applications à basse température — Exigences de conception et d'essais

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 05-Feb-2017
• ICS: 47.020.30 - Piping systems
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 8/SC 3 - Piping and machinery
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 8/SC 3 - Piping and machinery
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 09-Sep-2022
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Overview

ISO 18139:2017 - Ships and marine technology - Globe valves for use in low temperature applications - Design and testing requirements - specifies design, manufacture and test requirements for cryogenic globe valves intended to operate in very low temperature environments (−50 °C to −196 °C). The standard targets valves used in marine and shipboard cryogenic systems where leakage stability and reliable operation at cryogenic temperatures are critical.

Key topics and technical requirements

ISO 18139 defines requirements across valve design, materials and testing. Major topics covered include:

• Pressure–temperature rating and classification for different fluid types suitable for cryogenic service.
• Valve structure and components: body types and materials, extended bonnet design and materials, plug types, stems, seat rings, bolts and nuts.
• Stem sealing and seat design optimized for low-temperature leakage stability.
• Driving and operating systems: manual and driven operation, gearboxes, sealing class, installation direction and open/closed direction.
• Manufacturing processes: welding, heat treatment and surface treatment requirements.
• Material and non‑destructive inspection (NDT): mandatory material tests and NDT methods including radiographic testing (RT), penetrant testing (PT), ultrasonic testing (UT) and retest/submission rules.
• Testing and inspection regime: dimensional/visual inspection, operating tests, pressure tests, back seat and leak tests, fire safety testing and specific cryogenic testing procedures and result submission.
• Documentation and marking requirements tied to valve identification and test evidence.

The standard also references multiple normative documents (e.g., ISO 5209, ISO 28921‑1, ASME, ASTM, API and MSS specifications) to ensure cross‑compatibility with established valve and flange standards.

Practical applications

ISO 18139 is applied wherever globe valves must reliably control fluids at very low temperatures in marine contexts, including:

• LNG carrier piping and transfer systems
• Onboard cryogenic storage and handling systems on ships and offshore platforms
• Shipboard process systems requiring tight shut‑off at cryogenic conditions
• Retrofit and newbuild marine valve procurement for low‑temperature service

Adherence to ISO 18139 helps ensure valve performance, leakage stability and compliance with marine safety and classification requirements.

Who should use this standard

• Valve manufacturers designing and testing cryogenic globe valves
• Marine and naval architects specifying low‑temperature valve hardware
• Shipyards, offshore operators and procurement engineers
• Classification societies and surveyors assessing cryogenic valve installations
• QA/QC and testing laboratories performing cryogenic and NDT inspections

Related standards

• ISO 28921‑1 (low‑temperature isolating valves)
• ISO 5209 (valve marking)
• ASME B16.x, ASTM Axxx, API 598, MSS‑SP‑55 and other referenced flange, valve and material standards

Keywords: ISO 18139, cryogenic globe valves, low temperature valves, marine valves, valve testing, cryogenic testing, pressure-temperature rating, valve materials.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18139
First edition
2017-02
Ships and marine technology — Globe
valves for use in low temperature
applications — Design and testing
requirements
Navires et technologie maritime — Robinets à soupape pour des
applications à basse température — Exigences de conception et
d’essais
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Pressure temperature rating . 3
4.1 Types of fluid . 3
4.2 Working pressure and design temperature . 3
5 Structure . 3
5.1 General structure of a globe valve . 3
5.2 Body type and material . 3
5.2.1 Type . . 3
5.2.2 Materials . 4
5.2.3 Manufacturing . 4
5.3 Types and materials of extended bonnet . 5
5.3.1 Design . 5
5.3.2 Materials . 5
5.4 Plug types and materials . 5
5.4.1 Design . 5
5.4.2 Materials . 5
5.5 Stem types and materials . 6
5.5.1 Design . 6
5.5.2 Materials . 6
5.6 Stem sealing . 6
5.7 Seat ring types and materials . 6
5.7.1 Design . 6
5.7.2 Materials . 6
5.8 Bolts and nuts types and materials . 6
5.8.1 Design . 6
5.8.2 Materials . 7
5.9 Driving system and operating device requirements . 7
5.9.1 Driving system of the valve . 7
5.9.2 Manual operation of the valve . 7
5.9.3 Materials for operating devices. 7
5.9.4 Explosion proof class . 7
5.9.5 Checking open degree . 7
5.9.6 Auto-operating devices . 7
5.9.7 Sealing class for gear boxes . 8
5.9.8 Installation direction of operating devices . 8
5.9.9 Direction of open and closed . 8
5.9.10 Special requirement . 8
5.10 Surface treatment . 8
5.11 Welding and heat treatment . 8
5.11.1 Welding . 8
5.11.2 Heat treatment. 8
6 Test and inspection . 8
6.1 Material test . 8
6.2 Non-destructive inspection . 8
6.2.1 Radiographic testing (RT) . 9
6.2.2 Penetrant testing (PT) . 9
6.2.3 Ultrasonic testing (UT) .10
6.2.4 Retest .10
6.2.5 Submission of inspection results .10
6.3 Dimension check .10
6.4 Visual inspection .10
6.5 Heat treatment inspection .10
6.6 Operating tests .10
6.7 Pressure tests, back seat tests and leak tests .10
6.7.1 Pressure tests.11
6.7.2 Back seat tests .11
6.8 Fire safety test .11
6.9 Cryogenic test .11
6.9.1 Scope of tests .11
6.9.2 Test procedure .12
6.9.3 Submission of test result .13
6.9.4 Marking .13
Annex A (informative) Cryogenic globe valve .14
Bibliography .17
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology,
Subcommittee SC 3, Piping and machinery.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18139:2017(E)
Ships and marine technology — Globe valves for use
in low temperature applications — Design and testing
requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies design, manufacture and test method requirements for cryogenic globe valves
for excellent quality leakage stability for use in a very low temperature environment (−50°C to −196°C).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5209, General purpose industrial valves — Marking
ISO 28921-1, Industrial valves — Isolating valves for low-temperature applications — Part 1: Design,
manufacturing and production testing
ASME B1.5, Acme Screw Threads
ASME B1.8, Stub Acme Screw Flanged Fittings
ASME B16.5, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME B16.10, Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves
ASME B16.11, Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded
ASME B16.25, Butt-welding Ends
ASME B16.34, Valves-Flanged, Threads, and Welding End
ASME B16.47, Large Diameter Steel Flanges
ASME B46.1, Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay)
ASTM A182/A182M, Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings and Valves and Parts for
High-temperature Service
ASTM A194/A194M, Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts and Bolts for High-Pressure and High-Temperature Service
ASTM A320/A320M, Alloys-Steel Bolting material for Low-Temperature service
ASTM A350/A350M, Forgings, Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping
Components
ASTM A351/A351M, Casting, Austenitic, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex), for Pressure-Containing Parts
ASTM A536/A536M, Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
ASTM A694/694M, Forgings, Carbon and Alloy Steel, for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-
Pressure Transmission service
ASTM E186, Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 41/2-in. (50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
ASTM E446, Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings up to 2 in. in Thickness
ASME Sec. V, Non-destructive Examination
ASME Sec. VIII, Pressure vessels
API 598, Valve Inspection and Testing
MSS-SP-55, Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and other Piping Components
(Visual Method)
BS 1873, Specification for steel globe and globe stop and check valves (flanged and butt-welding ends) for
the petroleum, petrochemical and allied industries
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
—  IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
—  ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
nominal diameter
DN
alphanumeric designation of size for components of a pipework system, used for reference purposes
which comprises the letters DN followed by a dimensionless whole number that is related to the physical
size, in millimetres, of the bore or outside diameter of the end connections
Note 1 to entry: The number following the letters DN does not represent a measured value and shall not be used
for calculation purposes except where specified in the relevant standard.
Note 2 to entry: In those standards that use the DN designation system, any relationship between DN and
component dimensions shall be given, e.g. DN/OD or DN/ID.
3.2
nominal pressure
PN
numerical designation relating to pressure that is a convenient round number for reference purposes
Note 1 to entry: It is intended that all equipment of the same nominal size (DN) designated by the same
PN number shall have the same mating dimensions appropriate to the type of end connections.
Note 2 to entry: The permissible working pressure depends upon materials, design and working
temperature and has to be selected from the pressure / temperature rating tables in corresponding
standards.
3.3
nominal pipe size
NPS
dimensionless number for the purpose of pipe, flange, or flanged fitting end connection size
identification
Note 1 to entry: The number is not necessarily the same as the flange or flanged fitting inside diameter.
3.4
class
alphanumeric designation used for reference purposes related to a combination of mechanical and
dimensional characteristics of a component of a pipework system, which comprises the word “class”
followed by a dimensionless whole number
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4 Pressure temperature rating
4.1 Types of fluid
The types of fluid are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Types of fluid (example)
Type Temperature (in atmos-   Liquid density(density)
pheric pressure)
LNG (Liquefied natural gas)     −163°C to −88°C     434 to 478 kg/m
NG (Natural gas)     −160°C to −65°C     (0,7 to 0,89 kg/m )
LN2 (Liquefied nitrogen) −196°C       804 kg/m
N2 (Nitrogen)     −196°C to −65°C      (1 184 kg/m )
4.2 Working pressure and design temperature
The working pressure and design temperature for this valve are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 — Working pressure and design temperature
Class    Maximum pressure Note
MPa(psi)
150 2,0 (290)  in ambient temperature
300 5,2 (750)
600       10,3 (1 500)
800       13,8 (2 000)
900       15,5 (2 250)
Class and maximum working pressure shall satisfy the standard class specified in ASME B16.34.
NOTE 1 The manufacturers and the purchasers may reach an agreement when Class exceeds 900.
NOTE 2 Working pressure is set following a piping design condition that is provided by the purchasers.
Design temperature shall be between −196°C and +100°C.
5 Structure
5.1 General structure of a globe valve
The globe valve is an ‘inside screw (IS)‘ type or ‘outside screw and Yoke (OS&Y)‘ type and has a ‘bolted
bonnet (BB)’, ‘solid plug’, ‘extended bonnet’, etc. The stem rises when the valve is open and the hand
wheel has a ‘rising’ or ‘non-rising’ structure. The constitution and functions of the globe valve are
shown in this document. If there are some differences from this document, the manufacturers can make
a decision after reaching an agreement with purchasers (the general structure of this valve is shown in
Figure 1).
5.2 Body type and material
5.2.1 Type
The globe valve is normally a ‘top entry bolted bonnet type’.
5.2.2 Materials
Materials shall be of equal quality or better than the materials shown in Table 3; materials for ‘welding
ends’ type valve may be used for ‘flanged ends’ type material.
Table 3 — Materials by manufacturing method
Manufacturing Materials
method
Flanged ends type     Welding ends type
Forging   ASTM A182 F304, F316  ASTM A182 F304L, F316L
Casting   ASTM A351 CF8, CF8M   ASTM A351 CF3, CF3M
5.2.3 Manufacturing
The valve shall be manufactured per the following procedure except if there are purchaser’s special
orders.
a) Face-to-Face and End-to-End dimensions of the body shall satisfy ASME B16.10.
b) Body wall thickness shall be greater than minimum wall thickness as shown in ASME B16.34,
Tables 3 and 4.
c) The end connection of the body is ‘welding ends’ type or ‘end flanges’ type and manufactured
as below
1) ‘Welding ends’ type
1.1) socket welding ends
— Class 150, 300: to satisfy Class 3000 in ASME B16.11.
— Class 600: to sa
...