ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009

Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz

ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009 defines the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating as an active RF tag in the 433 MHz band used in item management applications. It provides a common technical specification for RFID devices that can be used by ISO technical committees developing RFID application standards. ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009 is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage inter-operability of products for the growing RFID market in the international marketplace. ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009 defines the forward and return link parameters for technical attributes including, but not limited to, operating frequency, operating channel accuracy, occupied channel bandwidth, maximum power, spurious emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding, bit rate, bit rate accuracy, bit transmission order, and, where appropriate, operating channels, frequency hop rate, hop sequence, spreading sequence, and chip rate. ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009 further defines the communications protocol used in the air interface.

Technologies de l'information — Identification par radiofréquence pour la gestion d'objets — Partie 7: Paramètres de communications actives d'une interface d'air à 433 MHz

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 22-Jul-2009
• Withdrawal Date: 22-Jul-2009
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.50 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 - Radio communications
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 02-Sep-2014

Relations

• Revised: ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014 - Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
• Effective Date: 11-Sep-2010
• Revises: ISO/IEC 18000-7:2008 - Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
• Effective Date: 12-May-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 18000-7
Third edition
2009-08-01

Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item
management —
Part 7:
Parameters for active air interface
communications at 433 MHz
Technologies de l'information — Identification par radiofréquence pour
la gestion d'objets —
Partie 7: Paramètres de communications actives d'une interface d'air à
433 MHz




Reference number
ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2009

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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009(E)
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© ISO/IEC 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
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ii © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Conformance .1
2.1 RF emissions general population.1
2.2 RF emissions and susceptibility health care setting.1
2.3 Command structure and extensibility.1
2.4 Mandatory commands .2
2.5 Optional commands.2
2.6 Custom commands .2
2.7 Proprietary commands .2
3 Normative references.2
4 Terms and definitions .3
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms .3
6 433,92 MHz active narrowband specification .3
6.1 Physical layer.3
6.2 Data Link layer .4
6.2.1 General .4
6.2.2 Preamble .5
6.2.3 Data bytes .5
6.2.4 Packet end period.5
6.2.5 Interrogator-to-tag message format .6
6.2.6 Tag-to-interrogator message format .9
6.3 Tag commands .16
6.3.1 Collection with Universal Data Block (UDB).16
6.3.2 Sleep .21
6.3.3 Sleep all but .21
6.3.4 Security commands .22
6.3.5 Transit information commands.25
6.3.6 Manufacturing Information Commands .27
6.3.7 Memory commands.28
6.3.8 Delete Writeable Data.30
6.3.9 Read Universal Data Block.31
6.3.10 Database table commands .32
6.3.11 Beep ON/OFF .49
6.3.12 Sensor implementation.50
6.4 Tag collection and collision arbitration .51
6.5 Multi-packet UDB Collection .54
6.6 Physical and Media Access Control (MAC) parameters.56
6.6.1 Interrogator to tag link .56
6.6.2 Tag to interrogator link .58
6.6.3 Protocol parameters.59
6.6.4 Anti-collision parameters .60
Annex A (normative) Co-existence of different application standards based on ISO/IEC 18000-7 .61
Bibliography.63

© ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
ISO/IEC 18000-7 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO/IEC 18000-7:2008), which has been
technically revised.
ISO/IEC 18000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item management:
⎯ Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized
⎯ Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz
⎯ Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
⎯ Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz
⎯ Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz
⎯ Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
iv © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 is intended to address radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating in
the 433 MHz frequency band, providing an air interface implementation for wireless, non-contact information
system equipment for item management applications. Typical applications operate at ranges greater than one
metre.
The RFID system includes a host system and RFID equipment (interrogator and tags). The host system runs
an application program, which controls interfaces with the RFID equipment. The RFID equipment is composed
of two principal components: tags and interrogators. The tag is intended for attachment to an item, which a
user wishes to manage. It is capable of storing a tag serial number and other data regarding the tag or item
and of communicating this information to the interrogator. The interrogator is a device, which communicates to
tags in its RF communication range. The interrogator controls the protocol, reads information from the tag,
directs the tag to store data in some cases, and ensures message delivery and validity. This system uses an
active tag.
RFID systems defined by this part of ISO/IEC 18000 provide the following minimum features:
⎯ identify tag in range;
⎯ read data;
⎯ write data or handle read-only systems gracefully;
⎯ selection by group or address;
⎯ graceful handling of multiple tags in the field of view;
⎯ error detection.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
draw attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent
concerning radio frequency identification technology given in 6.2. ISO and IEC take no position concerning the
evidence, validity and scope of this patent right.
The holder of this patent right has assured ISO and IEC that he is willing to negotiate licenses under
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this respect,
the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered with ISO and IEC. Information may be obtained
from the following.
Patent number Patent title Patent holder Contact Affected
subclause
Communication system Hurst Arthur, VP, General Counsel, Savi
US 5640151 for communicating with Savi Technology Technology, Inc., 351 East Evelyn Ave., 6.2.6
tags Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
Communication system Hurst Arthur, VP, General Counsel, Savi
US 5686902 for communicating with Savi Technology Technology, Inc., 351 East Evelyn Ave., 6.2.6
tags Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
Method and apparatus Hurst Arthur, VP, General Counsel, Savi
US 11/432684 for efficient data Savi Technology Technology, Inc., 351 East Evelyn Ave.,
transmission from a tag Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
© ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved v

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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009(E)
Method and apparatus Hurst Arthur, VP, General Counsel, Savi
EP 0467036 for radio identification Savi Technology Technology, Inc., 351 East Evelyn Ave., 6.2.6
and tracking Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
US 6002344 Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
CA 2,310,623 Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
CN 98812462.9 Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
DE 98960332.9 Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
EP 98960332.9 Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
FR 98960332.9 Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
GB 98960332.9 Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
HK 01101416.3 Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
IL 136.220 Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
IT 98960332.9 Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
JP 2000-521687 Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
US 7,035,818 Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
US 10/725,010 Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
US 10,932,279 Symbol Aaron B. Bernstein, VP, Deputy General
System and method for
Technologies Counsel Intellectual Property, 1 Motorola 6.2
electronic inventory
Plaza, MS A6, Holtsville, NY 11561, USA
US 6,470,045 Communication protocol EM G. Meusburger, IP Manager, Rue des
between a transceiver Microelectronic Sors, CH-2074, Marin, Switzerland
unit and transponders or Marin SA
transceiver associated
with said unit
JP 10-256493 Communication protocol EM G. Meusburger, IP Manager, Rue des
between a transceiver Microelectronic Sors, CH-2074, Marin, Switzerland
unit and transponders or Marin SA
transceiver associated
with said unit
vi © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009(E)
EP 0 902 546 Communication protocol EM G. Meusburger, IP Manager, Rue des
Appl. No. between a transceiver Microelectronic Sors, CH-2074, Marin, Switzerland
97115772.2 unit and transponders or Marin SA
transceiver associated
with said unit
US 6,784,787 Zebra Eric McAlpine, IP Counsel, Legal
Granted Technologies Department, 333 Corporate Woods
Parkway, Vernon Hills, IL 60061-3109,
EP 1 031 046
USA
Granted
Identification systems
EP 1 291 671
Granted
EP Appl
05 017 862.3
Pending
US 6,480,143 Zebra Eric McAlpine, IP Counsel, Legal
Granted Technologies Department, 333 Corporate Woods
Electronic identification

Parkway, Vernon Hills, IL 60061-3109,
systems
EP 1 001 366
USA
Granted
US 5,680,459 Zebra Eric McAlpine, IP Counsel, Legal
Granted Technologies Department, 333 Corporate Woods
Passive transponder
Parkway, Vernon Hills, IL 60061-3109,
USA
US 6,198,381 Zebra Eric McAlpine, IP Counsel, Legal
Delayed reset mode
Granted Technologies Department, 333 Corporate Woods
model for electronic
Parkway, Vernon Hills, IL 60061-3109,
JP 10-272945
identification system
USA
Pending
US 5,537,105 Zebra Eric McAlpine, IP Counsel, Legal
Granted Technologies Department, 333 Corporate Woods
Parkway, Vernon Hills, IL 60061-3109,
US 5,966,083 Electronic identification
USA

Granted systems
US 5,995,017
Granted
US 7375637 University of Marc S. Malandro, Ph.D., CLP,
Methods and apparatus
Granted Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh, 200 Gardner
for reducing power
Steel Conference Center, Thackeray &
consumption of an
O’Hara Streets, Pittsburgh, PA 15260,
active transponder
USA
US 11/678296 Methods and apparatus University of Marc S. Malandro, Ph.D., CLP,
Pending for switching a Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh, 200 Gardner
transponder to an active Steel Conference Center, Thackeray &

state, and asset O’Hara Streets, Pittsburgh, PA 15260,
management systems USA
employing same
US 61/099977 University of Marc S. Malandro, Ph.D., CLP,
Pending System and method for Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh, 200 Gardner
real time asset location Steel Conference Center, Thackeray &
and tracking O’Hara Streets, Pittsburgh, PA 15260,
USA
US 6563417 Identec Stefan Schwiers, CTO, R&D
Granted Solutions Department, Identec Solutions AG,
Millennium Park 2, 6890 Lustenau,
Interrogation, monitoring
US 6917291
Austria
and data exchange 6.3.12
Granted
using RFID Tags
US 7053777
Granted
© ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved vii

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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009(E)
EP 99117640.5- Identec Stefan Schwiers, CTO, R&D
2215 Solutions Department, Identec Solutions AG,
Granted Millennium Park 2, 6890 Lustenau,
System for monitoring, Austria
DE 59904147.1-08
tracking, and handling of 6.3.12
Granted
objects
GB/FR/CH/NL/AT
99117640.5-2215
Granted
US 7345576 Method and apparatus Identec Stefan Schwiers, CTO, R&D
Granted for resolving RFID Solutions Department, Identec Solutions AG,
based object traffic Millennium Park 2, 6890 Lustenau,
transactions to single Austria 6.3.12
container in the
presence of a plurality of
containers
th
Impinj Chris Diorio, CTO, 701 N. 34 Street,

Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
Intermec Phyllis T. Turner-Brim, Esq., Legal
Department, Intermec IP Corporation,
th
6001 36 Ave. W, Everett, WA 98203,
USA
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights other than those identified above. ISO or IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.

viii © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009(E)

Information technology — Radio frequency identification for
item management —
Part 7:
Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 defines the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating
as an active RF tag in the 433 MHz band used in item management applications. It provides a common
technical specification for RFID devices that can be used by ISO technical committees developing RFID
application standards. This part of ISO/IEC 18000 is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage inter-
operability of products for the growing RFID market in the international marketplace. This part of
ISO/IEC 18000 defines the forward and return link parameters for technical attributes including, but not limited
to, operating frequency, operating channel accuracy, occupied channel bandwidth, maximum power, spurious
emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding, bit rate, bit rate accuracy, bit transmission order, and, where
appropriate, operating channels, frequency hop rate, hop sequence, spreading sequence, and chip rate. This
part of ISO/IEC 18000 further defines the communications protocol used in the air interface.
2 Conformance
The rules for evaluation of RFID device conformity to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 are defined in
ISO/IEC TR 18047-7.
2.1 RF emissions general population
Device manufacturers claiming conformance to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 shall declare on their own
responsibility that RF emissions do not exceed the maximum permitted exposure limits recommended by
either IEEE C95.1:2005 or ICNIRP according to IEC 62369-1. If a device manufacturer is unsure which
recommendation is to be cited for compliance, the manufacturer shall declare on their own responsibility to
ICNIRP limits.
2.2 RF emissions and susceptibility health care setting
Device manufacturers claiming conformance to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 shall declare on their own
responsibility that RF emissions and susceptibility comply with IEC 60601-1-2.
2.3 Command structure and extensibility
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 includes a definition of the structure of command codes between an interrogator
and a tag and indicates how many positions are available for future extensions.
Command specification clauses provide a full definition of the command and its presentation.
Each command is labelled as being “mandatory” or “optional”.
The clauses of this part of ISO/IEC 18000 make provisions for “custom” and “proprietary” commands.
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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009(E)
2.4 Mandatory commands
A mandatory command shall be supported by all tags that claim to be compliant and all interrogators which
claim compliance shall support all mandatory commands.
2.5 Optional commands
Optional commands are commands that are specified as such within this part of ISO/IEC 18000. Interrogators
shall be technically capable of performing all optional commands that are specified in this part of
ISO/IEC 18000 (although they need not be set up to do so). Tags may or may not support optional
commands.
If an optional command is used, it shall be implemented in the manner specified in this part of ISO/IEC 18000.
2.6 Custom commands
Custom commands may be permitted by those applying this part of ISO/IEC 18000, but they are not specified
in this part of ISO/IEC 18000.
A custom command shall not solely duplicate the functionality of any mandatory or optional command defined
in this part of ISO/IEC 18000 by a different method. An interrogator shall use a custom command only in
accordance with the specifications of the tag manufacturer.
2.7 Proprietary commands
Proprietary commands may be permitted by those applying this part of ISO/IEC 18000, but they are not
specified in this part of ISO/IEC 18000.
A proprietary command shall not solely duplicate the functionality of any mandatory or optional command
defined in this part of ISO/IEC 18000 by a different method. All proprietary commands shall be disabled before
the tag leaves the tag manufacturer. Proprietary commands are intended for manufacturing purposes and
shall not be used in field-deployed RFID systems.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest published edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 8859-1, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 1: Latin
alphabet No. 1
ISO/IEC 15459 (all parts), Information technology — Unique identifiers
ISO/IEC 15963, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Unique
identification for RF tags
ISO/IEC TR 18047-7 Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
methods — Part 7: Test methods for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
Harmonized vocabulary — Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC
ISO/IEC 19762-3, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
Harmonized vocabulary — Part 3: Radio frequency identification (RFID)
2 © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009(E)
IEC 62369-1, Ed. 1.0, Evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from short range devices
(SRDs) in various applications over the frequency range 0 GHz to 300 GHz — Part 1: Fields produced by
devices used for electronic article surveillance, radio frequency identification and similar systems
IEC 60601-1-2, Medical electrical equipment — Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential
performance — Collateral standard: Electromagnetic compatibility — Requirements and tests
ICNIRP Guidelines, Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic
fields (up to 300 GHz), International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
IEEE C95.1:2005, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency
Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1 and ISO/IEC 19762-3
apply.
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 19762-1 and
ISO/IEC 19762-3 apply.
6 433,92 MHz active narrowband specification
6.1 Physical layer
The RF communication link between interrogator and tag shall utilize a narrow band UHF frequency with the
following nominal characteristics:
Carrier Frequency 433,92 MHz
Modulation Type FSK
Frequency Deviation +/- 50 kHz
Symbol LOW fc +50 kHz
Symbol HIGH fc -50 kHz
Data Modulation Rate 27,7 kHz
Wake up Signal Modulation with 31,25 kHz square wave signal followed
by modulation with 10 kHz square wave signal
For detailed physical layer specifications, see section 6.6.
The Wake Up Signal shall be transmitted by the interrogator for a minimum of 2,45 seconds to wake up all
tags within communication range. The Wake Up Signal shall consist of a 2,35 to 4,8-second 31,25 kHz square
wave modulated signal called the “Wake Up Header” immediately followed by a 0,1-second 10 kHz square
wave modulated signal called the “Co-Header.” Upon detection and by completion of the Wake Up Signal all
tags shall enter into the Ready state awaiting a command from the interrogator. See Figure 1. A tag has two
states, awake/ready and asleep. During the ready state, the tags will accept the valid commands from readers
and respond accordingly. When the tag is asleep, it will ignore all commands.

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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009(E)

Figure 1 — Wake Up Signal
Once awoken, the tag shall stay awake for a minimum of 30 seconds after receipt of the last well-formed
message packet consisting of a valid Protocol ID, command code, and CRC values, unless the interrogator
otherwise commands the tag to sleep. If no well-formed command message is received within the 30 seconds,
the tag will tr
...