ISO 19165-2:2020
(Main)Geographic information — Preservation of digital data and metadata — Part 2: Content specifications for Earth observation data and derived digital products
Geographic information — Preservation of digital data and metadata — Part 2: Content specifications for Earth observation data and derived digital products
This document aims to extend the long-term preservation of digital geospatial data to provide details about content describing the provenance and context specific to data from missions that observe the Earth using spaceborne, airborne or in situ instruments.
Information géographique — Archivage des données numériques et des métadonnées — Partie 2: Spécifications de contenu pour les données d'observation de la Terre et les produits numériques dérivés
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19165-2
First edition
2020-07
Geographic information —
Preservation of digital data and
metadata —
Part 2:
Content specifications for Earth
observation data and derived digital
products
Information géographique — Archivage des données numériques et
des métadonnées —
Partie 2: Spécifications de contenu pour les données d'observation de
la Terre et les produits numériques dérivés
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3
5 Conformance . 4
6 Mission stages . 4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Mission concept stage . 4
6.3 Mission definition stage . 5
6.4 Mission implementation stage . 5
6.5 Mission operations stage . 5
6.6 Post mission stage . 5
7 Preservation content . 6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Mission concept stage . 6
7.2.1 Rationale . 6
7.2.2 Content . 6
7.3 Mission definition stage . 7
7.3.1 Rationale . 7
7.3.2 Content . 8
7.4 Mission implementation stage .11
7.4.1 Rationale .11
7.4.2 Content .11
7.5 Mission operations stage .13
7.5.1 Rationale .13
7.5.2 Content .13
7.6 Post mission stage .18
7.6.1 Rationale .18
7.6.2 Content .19
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .21
Annex B (informative) Stages and phases .23
Annex C (informative) XML representation for ISO 19165-2 (this document).24
Bibliography .30
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
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organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
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iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19165 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Many agencies across the globe are generating important datasets by collecting measurements from
instruments in-situ and on board aircraft and spacecraft, globally and constantly. The data resulting
from such measurements and digital products derived from them are valuable resources that need
to be preserved for the benefit of future generations. These observations are the primary record of
the Earth’s environment and are therefore the key to understanding how conditions in the future
will compare to conditions today. Earth observational data, derived products and models are used to
answer key questions such as “How is the global Earth system changing?”, “What are the sources of
change in the Earth systems and what are their magnitudes and trends?”, “How will the Earth system
change in the future?”, and “How can Earth system science improve mitigation of and adaptation to
global change?”.
In the near-term, as long as the missions’ data are being used actively for research and applications, it
continues to be important to provide easy access to the data and services commensurate with current
information technology. For the longer term, when the focus of the research community shifts towards
new missions and observations, it is essential to preserve the previous mission data and associated
information. This will enable a new user in the future to understand how the data were used for deriving
information, knowledge and policy recommendations and to “repeat the experiment” to ascertain the
validity and possible limitations of conclusions reached in the past as well as to provide confidence in
long-term trends that depended on data from multiple missions.
Organizations that collect, process and utilize Earth observation data today have a responsibility to
ensure that the data and associated content continue to be preserved by gathering this information and
preserving it themselves, or by handing it off to other organizations. In order to ensure preservation
of all the content necessary for understanding and reusing the data and derived digital products, a
standard is needed that specifies this content. While there are existing standards that address archival
and preservation in general, there are no existing international standards or specifications to address
what content should be preserved.
Specifications for preservation of information content complement existing archive standards. Space
agencies that are members of the International Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
(CCSDS) have long recognized the importance of developing information standards for use in long-term
preservation of space-related data collections. Volunteers developed the Open Archival Information
System Reference Model (OAIS-RM). Subsequent activities continue to expand through a range of related
interests that reach towards more practical guidance for developing agency standards. An example of
this is a recommended standard on packaging of data and metadata (XFDU), to facilitate information
[11]
transfer and archiving . The most recent update to the OAIS-RM is ISO 14721. The OAIS-RM provides
a conceptual framework for archiving digital information. The CCSDS has also developed ISO 16363,
which specifies requirements for certification of trustworthy digital repositories, based on the OAIS-
RM, and ISO 16919, which describes how to audit archives for conformance with the requirements.
ISO 19115-1 provides a metadata model for describing geographic information and services, and
ISO 19115-2 augments ISO 19115-1 with additional structure to describe the acquisition and processing
of geographic imagery and gridded data. It provides the structure needed to represent properties of
the instruments acquiring data, e.g. instrument geometry and production processes. The structure
provided by ISO 19115-2 is useful for representing the preservation content intended to be specified
with this document (ISO 19165-2).
ISO 19165-1 considers geographic information preservation in general and this document (ISO 19165-2)
is its extension for Earth observation data and its deri
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