ISO 19165-2:2020
(Main)Geographic information — Preservation of digital data and metadata — Part 2: Content specifications for Earth observation data and derived digital products
Geographic information — Preservation of digital data and metadata — Part 2: Content specifications for Earth observation data and derived digital products
This document aims to extend the long-term preservation of digital geospatial data to provide details about content describing the provenance and context specific to data from missions that observe the Earth using spaceborne, airborne or in situ instruments.
Information géographique — Archivage des données numériques et des métadonnées — Partie 2: Spécifications de contenu pour les données d'observation de la Terre et les produits numériques dérivés
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19165-2
First edition
2020-07
Geographic information —
Preservation of digital data and
metadata —
Part 2:
Content specifications for Earth
observation data and derived digital
products
Information géographique — Archivage des données numériques et
des métadonnées —
Partie 2: Spécifications de contenu pour les données d'observation de
la Terre et les produits numériques dérivés
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3
5 Conformance . 4
6 Mission stages . 4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Mission concept stage . 4
6.3 Mission definition stage . 5
6.4 Mission implementation stage . 5
6.5 Mission operations stage . 5
6.6 Post mission stage . 5
7 Preservation content . 6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Mission concept stage . 6
7.2.1 Rationale . 6
7.2.2 Content . 6
7.3 Mission definition stage . 7
7.3.1 Rationale . 7
7.3.2 Content . 8
7.4 Mission implementation stage .11
7.4.1 Rationale .11
7.4.2 Content .11
7.5 Mission operations stage .13
7.5.1 Rationale .13
7.5.2 Content .13
7.6 Post mission stage .18
7.6.1 Rationale .18
7.6.2 Content .19
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .21
Annex B (informative) Stages and phases .23
Annex C (informative) XML representation for ISO 19165-2 (this document).24
Bibliography .30
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19165 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Many agencies across the globe are generating important datasets by collecting measurements from
instruments in-situ and on board aircraft and spacecraft, globally and constantly. The data resulting
from such measurements and digital products derived from them are valuable resources that need
to be preserved for the benefit of future generations. These observations are the primary record of
the Earth’s environment and are therefore the key to understanding how conditions in the future
will compare to conditions today. Earth observational data, derived products and models are used to
answer key questions such as “How is the global Earth system changing?”, “What are the sources of
change in the Earth systems and what are their magnitudes and trends?”, “How will the Earth system
change in the future?”, and “How can Earth system science improve mitigation of and adaptation to
global change?”.
In the near-term, as long as the missions’ data are being used actively for research and applications, it
continues to be important to provide easy access to the data and services commensurate with current
information technology. For the longer term, when the focus of the research community shifts towards
new missions and observations, it is essential to preserve the previous mission data and associated
information. This will enable a new user in the future to understand how the data were used for deriving
information, knowledge and policy recommendations and to “repeat the experiment” to ascertain the
validity and possible limitations of conclusions reached in the past as well as to provide confidence in
long-term trends that depended on data from multiple missions.
Organizations that collect, process and utilize Earth observation data today have a responsibility to
ensure that the data and associated content continue to be preserved by gathering this information and
preserving it themselves, or by handing it off to other organizations. In order to ensure preservation
of all the content necessary for understanding and reusing the data and derived digital products, a
standard is needed that specifies this content. While there are existing standards that address archival
and preservation in general, there are no existing international standards or specifications to address
what content should be preserved.
Specifications for preservation of information content complement existing archive standards. Space
agencies that are members of the International Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
(CCSDS) have long recognized the importance of developing information standards for use in long-term
preservation of space-related data collections. Volunteers developed the Open Archival Information
System Reference Model (OAIS-RM). Subsequent activities continue to expand through a range of related
interests that reach towards more practical guidance for developing agency standards. An example of
this is a recommended standard on packaging of data and metadata (XFDU), to facilitate information
[11]
transfer and archiving . The most recent update to the OAIS-RM is ISO 14721. The OAIS-RM provides
a conceptual framework for archiving digital information. The CCSDS has also developed ISO 16363,
which specifies requirements for certification of trustworthy digital repositories, based on the OAIS-
RM, and ISO 16919, which describes how to audit archives for conformance with the requirements.
ISO 19115-1 provides a metadata model for describing geographic information and services, and
ISO 19115-2 augments ISO 19115-1 with additional structure to describe the acquisition and processing
of geographic imagery and gridded data. It provides the structure needed to represent properties of
the instruments acquiring data, e.g. instrument geometry and production processes. The structure
provided by ISO 19115-2 is useful for representing the preservation content intended to be specified
with this document (ISO 19165-2).
ISO 19165-1 considers geographic information preservation in general and this document (ISO 19165-2)
is its extension for Earth observation data and its derived products.
ISO 19165-1:2018, 7.3.1 indicates that specific content items needed to preserve the full provenance and
context of data and associated data depend on the needs of the designated communities and types of
datasets (e.g., maps, remotely sensed data from satellites and airborne instruments, physical samples).
It also states that follow-up parts to ISO 19165-1 may be developed to provide details of content items
appropriate to specific disciplines.
This document, as Part 2 of the ISO 19165 series, provides more detailed specifications for Earth
observation data and derived digital products resulting from spaceborne and airborne remote sensing,
as well as in situ observations.
This document benefits from the work performed by the Data Preservation and Stewardship
[5] [6] [7]
Committee of the U.S. Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) , NASA , ESA and CEOS WGISS .
The documents from these groups are integrated along with the ISO international standards mentioned
above to provide specific content items to be preserved from Earth observing missions for the benefit of
users. It is expected that if the content items specified by this document are preserved, users will have
sufficient information to be able to understand, reuse, and, ideally, regenerate data products without
the assistance of the original teams that were responsible for their initial generation.
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19165-2:2020(E)
Geographic information — Preservation of digital data and
metadata —
Part 2:
Content specifications for Earth observation data and
derived digital products
1 Scope
This document aims to extend the long-term preservation of digital geospatial data to provide details
about content describing the provenance and context specific to data from missions that observe the
Earth using spaceborne, airborne or in situ instruments.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19115-1, Geographic information — Metadata — Part 1: Fundamentals
ISO 19115-2, Geographic information — Metadata — Part 2: Extensions for acquisition and processing
ISO 19115-3, Geographic information — Metadata — Part 3: XML schema implementation for fundamental
concepts
ISO 19130-1, Geographic information — Imagery sensor models for geopositioning — Part 1: Fundamentals
ISO/TS 19130-2, Geographic information — Imagery sensor models for geopositioning — Part 2: SAR,
InSAR, lidar and sonar
ISO 19157-1, Geographic information — Data quality — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 19157-2, Geographic information — Data quality — Part 2: XML schema implementation
ISO/TS 19159-1, Geographic information — Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors
and data — Part 1: Optical sensors
ISO/TS 19159-2, Geographic information — Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors
and data — Part 2: Lidar
ISO/TS 19159-3, Geographic information — Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors
and data — Part 3: SAR/InSAR
ISO 19165-1, Geographic information — Preservation of digital data and metadata — Part 1: Fundamentals
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 19165-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
analysis ready data
data that have been processed to a minimum set of requirements and organized
into a form that allows immediate analysis with a minimum of additional user effort and interoperability
both through time and with other datasets
Note 1 to entry: The definition from Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) for CEOS Analysis Ready
Data for Land (CARD4L) has been generalized here to include data other than satellite data by omitting the word
"satellite" from the definition.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from Reference [10].
3.2
ancillary data
data which are not obtained from the sensor itself (usually provided in the science
telemetry) and have the primary purpose to serve the processing of instrument data
Note 1 to entry: Ancillary data refers to data that exist purely to serve the data processing. Auxiliary data (3.3),
while helping the process, are also datasets in their own right.
Note 2 to entry: Ancillary data may be ‘engineering’, ‘core housekeeping’ or ‘subsystem’ data obtained from other
parts of the measurement platform. It may include parameters such as position and velocity, attitude and its
range of change, time, temperatures, pressures, internally produced magnetic fields, and other environmental
measurements.
Note 3 to entry: Some missions may treat ancillary data as datasets in their own right, thus blurring the
distinction being made here between ancillary and auxiliary data (3.3).
Note 4 to entry: The definition in the original source is tailored to spaceborne Earth observations. It has been
slightly modified here to be more general. The concept is that ancillary data are those not collected by the sensor
itself and that their primary purpose to serve processing applies to Earth observation data from airborne and in
situ instruments as well.
Note 5 to entry: Adapted from Reference [8].
3.3
auxiliary data
data which enhance processing and utilization of the Earth observing
instrument data
Note 1 to entry: The auxiliary data are not captured by the same data collection process as the instrument data.
Auxiliary data include data collected by any other platform or process, preferably in georeferenced digital format.
Auxiliary data help in data processing, but are also datasets in their own right.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from Reference [8].
3.4
dataset
identifiable collection of data
[SOURCE: ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.3, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.5
dataset series
collection of datasets sharing common characteristics
[SOURCE: ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.4]
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
3.6
granule
smallest aggregation of data which is independently managed
Note 1 to entry: Granules may be managed (i.e. described, inventoried, retrievable) as logical granules and/or
physical granules.
Note 2 to entry: Granule is often equivalent to dataset (3.4).
3.7
mission
activity that uses spaceborne, airborne or in situ instruments
Note 1 to entry: Some organizations reserve the term “mission” for satellite observation activities and refer to
airborne and in situ observation activities as “investigations” and “field campaigns”, respectively.
3.8
product level
number indicating the degree of processing that has been performed on the
observed data
Note 1 to entry: Product levels 0 through 4 indicate the degree of processing performed on the raw data to
convert them into more useful parameters and formats. The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS)
defines product levels as follows:
— Raw Data: Data in their original packets, as received from a satellite.
— Level 0: Reconstructed unprocessed instrument data at full space time resolution with all available
supplemental information to be used in subsequent processing (e.g. ephemeris, health and safety) appended.
— Level 1: Unpacked, reformatted level 0 data, with all supplemental information to be used in subsequent
processing appended. Optional radiometric and geometric correction applied to produce parameters in
physical units. Data generally presented as full time/space resolution. A wide variety of sub level products
are possible.
— Level 2: Retrieved environmental variables (e.g. ocean wave height, soil moisture, ice concentration) at the
same resolution and location as the level 1 source data.
— Level 3: Data or retrieved environmental variables which have been spatially and/or temporally re-sampled
(i.e. derived from level 1 or 2 products). Such re-sampling may include averaging and compositing.
— Level 4: Model output or results from analyses of lower level data (i.e. variables that are not directly measured
by the instruments but are derived from these measurements).
Note 2 to entry: The product levels defined here are derived from satellite remote sensing heritage. For the case
of airborne and in situ observations, these do not necessarily apply, but may be used as appropriate for indicating
the degree of processing performed on the observed data.
Note 3 to entry: Adapted from Reference [9].
3.9
stage
well-defined part of the lifecycle of a mission
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
Doc Document
CEOS Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
ESA European Space Agency
ESIP Earth Science Information Partners
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
ICD Interface Control Document
L0 Product Level 0
L1 Product Level 1
L2+ Product Level 2 or higher, including Analysis Ready Data
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States)
QA4EO Quality Assurance framework for Earth Observations
SI International System (of units)
SW Software
WGISS Working Group on Information Systems and Services
5 Conformance
In order to conform to this document, the abstract test suite in Annex A shall be used.
6 Mission stages
6.1 General
This document covers missions that observe the Earth using spaceborne, airborne or in situ
instruments. The preservation of observations (i.e. measurements from such instruments) and digital
data products derived from the observations is important for the benefit of future users. In addition,
it is also important to preserve metadata and other content items such as ancillary data, planning
documents and associated knowledge in order for future users to be able to understand and reuse the
data and possibly reproduce the results from the missions. Such content items are created and gathered
at different stages of the missions (defined below). Annex B provides a mapping between the stages
and satellite mission phases defined by NASA and ESA. These stages are conceptually applicable to
any type of mission. Along with the definitions for each stage, a few examples of the types of activities
appropriate to the stage are given to clarify the definition. However, the specific contents, number of
items to be preserved, and the complexity of the preservation activities depend on the specific type of
mission. While the focus of this document is the preservation content, i.e. "what" needs to be preserved,
enumerating the content associated with the mission stages helps address "when" the content items
need to be preserved, as well.
6.2 Mission concept stage
The mission concept stage is the period when ideas for a mission are developed and proposed to funding
entities. At this stage, the mission is defined to a level sufficient to show the scientific/applications
value and technical feasibility. During this stage, science and applications requirements are identified.
Additional activities may include identification of plans and tools to be used in preliminary system level
studies. Feasibility verification documents, mission technology and programmatic estimates for the
future mission stages may also be generated.
4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
6.3 Mission definition stage
The mission definition stage is the period when mission scientific/applications requirements are
defined in detail and technical solutions are selected for the system concept. During this stage, types
of scientific measurements (e.g. spectral analysis, temperature measurement) may be identified and
defined.
6.4 Mission implementation stage
The mission implementation stage is the period when the detailed design, implementation, and testing
of the mission system and its components are realized. These may include:
— sensors/instruments;
— algorithms and their interfaces;
— methods of measurement;
— any other context necessary to perform measurements.
6.5 Mission operations stage
The mission operations stage is the period when
— data are captured;
— algorithms are revised and improved;
— input are analysed;
— calibration and validation of sensor/instrument as well as activities concerned with qualification of
processed data are performed; and
— higher level derived digital products are generated.
6.6 Post mission stage
The post mission stage is the period after mission operations are completed, and includes the post-
operations and preservation. The post mission stage may start with the satellite end of life (e.g. for
an Earth observation mission with the event of satellite disposal or failure), the completion of the last
planned aircraft flight in a series that constitutes a mission, or the last planned activity in a series of in
situ measurement activities. The post mission stage focuses on:
— consolidation and appraisal of datasets (data and information);
— reprocessing of datasets to align to the latest version;
— ground segment and media disposal (depending on specific mission);
— migration of data and associated information to a long-term preservation environment.
During the post mission stage, a limited set of functions (e.g. data discovery and access) may be provided
by the mission operations team until data migration to a long-term preservation environment. This
stage can extend beyond the point where the preservation package has been prepared and archived
and involve updates to algorithms and reprocessing. This stage also focuses on:
— historical data reuse and exploitation;
— preservation of data and related information against aging and technological changes; and
— data curation and enrichment.
7 Preservation content
7.1 General
The content to be preserved is discussed below in one subclause for each of the mission stages described
above. Each subclause provides the rationale for preserving the listed content items and a list of items
recommended to be preserved. Each of the items listed in the tables may correspond to one or more
documents (Doc), software (SW) objects or data records. It is also possible for some missions that
some of the documents specified in the tables can be combined into a single document. The list shall
be tailored to each mission and the specifics of which items will be preserved to satisfy the content
requirements indicated in this clause shall be documented as preservation metadata. Also, it is to be
noted that many of the content items in a given stage may need to be updated during subsequent stages.
It is assumed that such updates are made and the resulting items are preserved in a version-controlled
manner. In Tables 1 to 5, shown in the following subclauses, the column headings are:
— ID: a short identifier for the content item;
— Need for: indicates for which type of mission the specified item is needed (satellite: SAT, aircraft:
AIR, field campaign: FLD, all types: ALL);
— Type: indicates whether the item is a document, data record, software, etc.;
— Identification: a phrase identifying the content item (longer than ID);
— Description: a brief description of the content item;
— Examples of types of quality information: indicates information to be contained in the content item
for the item to be considered to be of high quality.
The standards in the ISO 19115 series, ISO 19130 series, ISO 19157 series, 19159 series and 19165-1
shall be considered as appropriate in representing the content items listed in the Tables 1 to 5. Annex C
(informative) illustrates how the items can be organized in an ISO 19115-1 DS_Series that holds
references to all preservation information for a mission.
7.2 Mission concept stage
7.2.1 Rationale
Information produced during this stage provides a snapshot of the framework in which the mission
was born. Mission and sensor requirements, assessment studies, technology readiness review and cost
analysis are performed during this stage. Documents generated during this stage show the objectives
and plans for the mission. Preserving this information would allow future users to have reference
material for evaluation and definition of new missions. Traceability to this information is also useful
for comparing initial expectations with mission results and for understanding changes that may have
occurred between this stage and the following stages.
7.2.2 Content
The content required to be preserved by the end of the mission concept stage is identified and described
in Table 1.
6 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Table 1 — Mission concept stage preservation content
ID Need Type Identification Description Examples of types of
for quality information
MC_1.0 ALL Doc Preservation List of items preserved at this Identification of items by
metadata stage to satisfy content require- title and persistent ID. Access
ments specified below. (Note that method (e.g., link). Indication
this item will be updated at each of access restrictions if any as
of the subsequent stages.) well as whether and when the
restrictions will be removed.
MC_1.1 ALL Doc Scientific/ Defines scientific/applications Required uncertainty bounds
applications scenario and expected goals. for services and applications,
scenario, data lifetime, data availability, data
Lists Principal Investigator,
producer and user accuracy, data latency, revisit
designated user communities and
communities frequency or data acquisition
third-party actors.
timeline, geographical coverage,
spatial resolution.
Names of key science team leads
and product team members,
roles, performing organization,
contact information, sponsoring
agencies or organizations are
included (within the constraints
of applicable privacy regulations
and policies).
As responsibility changes hands
in subsequent stages, the names
of individuals and periods dur-
ing which they were responsi-
ble for various aspects of the
product should be documented
(within the constraints of appli-
cable privacy regulations and
policies).
MC_1.2 SAT Doc Mission Defines scientific/applications Calibration plan and quality as-
requirements mission and sensor requirements, sessment plan for the mission.
document processing methods and qualifi-
Uncertainty requirements for
cation methods. Includes instru-
instrument product (e.g. radi-
ment specifications (e.g., frequen-
ometric/geometric uncertainty
cies, bandwidths, polarizations,
bounds, coverage, revisit times,
antenna size, and scan modes),
etc.).
data products to be produced, and
operations concepts. Justification for the design deci-
sions (e.g. band selection).
MC_1.3 ALL Doc Mission Defines the plan for how the mis- Initial operations concept.
operation plan sion will be conducted.
MC_1.4 ALL Doc Mission cost and Defines planned cost and sched- Initial estimated costs and
schedule ule for the mission. schedule timelines
7.3 Mission definition stage
7.3.1 Rationale
In this stage, detailed definition documents are produced for the entire mission and data, including
sensor/instrument requirements, characteristics, calibration methods, etc. Preserving this information
is fundamental to forming a baseline and to understanding changes that may have occurred during the
mission operations stage.
7.3.2 Content
The content required to be preserved by the end of the mission definition stage is identified and
described in Table 2 below.
Table 2 — Mission definition stage preservation content
ID Need Type Identification Description Examples of types of
for quality information
MD_1.0 ALL Doc Preservation metadata List of items preserved Identification of items
at this stage to satisfy by title and persistent
content requirements ID. Access method (e.g.,
specified below. link). Indication of access
restrictions if any as well
Updated version of MC_1.0
as whether and when
the restrictions will be
removed.
MD_1.1 ALL Doc Mission Defines mission require- Description of the infor-
requirements ments, functional and re- mation at a system level
specifications source allocation between (e.g. revisit times and
mission measurement mission products uncer-
platform and data capture tainty) and at a subsys-
systems (e.g., ground sys- tem level (e.g., for instru-
tems for satellite opera- ments, instrument stray
tions), and operational sce- light, channel crosstalk,
nario (e.g. flight plans for spatial sampling, field of
airplanes, un-crewed aerial view, observation mode,
vehicles, and/or drones). spectral channels).
This may be an updated
version of documentation
specified in MC_1.2.
MD_1.2 Pri- Doc Space or aircraft to Defines the main systems/ Error control (e.g. Cyclic
marily ground segments, ICDs, system Redundancy Check), data
SAT segment ICDs latency budget estimation latency, data rate, qual-
and data flow, including ity flags, packets lost/
transmission of data from damaged, timeliness etc.
spacecraft to ground, for different scenarios
transfer of recorded data (e.g. Near-Real-Time,
on board aircraft, handling calibration mode, ground
of in situ measurement stations availability and
data, etc. relative position).
MD_1.3A ALL Doc Sensor/instrument/plat- Defines the sensor/instru- Sensor uncertainty
form requirements ments/platform require- budget based on previ-
ments for design (e.g. spec- ous knowledge.
tral bands, bandwidths,
Specification of un-
scan modes, polarizations,
certainty associated
performance, antenna
with optical properties
size; for photogrammetry
(e.g. noise, linearity,
instruments: camera/sen-
calibration accuracy,
sors, GNSS receiver, inertial
signal synchronization,
measurement unit, naviga-
electrostatic protection,
tion system; requirements
and temperature and
for platforms - satellite,
pressure ranges).
aircraft, tower, buoy)
8 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Table 2 (continued)
ID Need Type Identification Description Examples of types of
for quality information
MD_1.3B ALL Doc/data Sensor/instrument pro- Characteristics for pro- Assessment of perfor-
record cessing characteristics cessing of acquired data, mance/acceptability
data processing model including uncertainty,
linearity, sun-glint,
stray light.
Documented model
descriptions, version
control.
MD_1.4A ALL Doc/data Sensor/instrument quali- Qualification process for Documented procedure
record fication process sensor, captured data, pro- for validation.
cessed data.
Validation of model and
software. Validation by
comparison with other
models or reference da-
tasets including simulat-
ed products and ground
measurements.
Data collected for sup-
porting validation.
MD_1.4B SAT Doc/data Pre-launch/pre-operation- Calibration requirements Identification of
record al calibration and charac- – documentation of pre- reference standards,
terization plan launch/pre-operational pre-flight calibration
calibration methods and methods, re-calibration
data from such calibration. intervals.
Pre-launch calibration/ Uncertainty goals, such
pre-operational calibra- as expected variances or
tion includes: optical tests, probability distributions
thermal test, external cali- of error.
bration test, field of view
determination.
MD_1.4C SAT Doc / Ground/ocean calibration Calibration requirements Traceability to Interna-
Data reference and scientific - including description of tional System of Units
Record base ground/ocean reference (SI) via international
sites, accuracy, and stabili- reference standards:
ty of the site conditions. procedures, calibration
certificates, traceability
Data from such calibra-
statement, and uncer-
tion sites.
tainty analysis.
Table 2 (continued)
ID Need Type Identification Description Examples of types of
for quality information
MD_1.5A SAT Doc Processing algorithms and Defines: mathematical Documented descrip-
and data format specification models and algorithms for tions of mathematical
AIR; mission data processing in- models and algorithms
FLD if cluding algorithm theoret- for mission data pro-
availa- ical basis; high-level data cessing, including:
ble flow diagrams; assump- assessment of perfor-
tions about algorithm per- mance/acceptability;
formance and limitations; peer reviewed papers;
auxiliary and ancillary simulation for validation
data usage; data and prod- results; validation by
uct format requirements comparison with test
and standards; metadata to datasets; product vali-
facilitate discovery, search, dation criteria; auxiliary
access, understanding and and ancillary data usage;
usage associated with each data and product format
of the data products. requirements and stand-
ards including: metadata
specifications (including
quality information/
parameters), naming
conventions, and version
controls.
MD_1.5B ALL Doc Data product specifica- Provides a detailed de- Description of uncer-
tions scription of data products tainty/quality indi-
and their characteristics. cators and method to
It is recommended that provide uncertainty to
ISO 19131 be followed for different users.
data product specifications.
Includes content, format,
Descriptions of data prod- latency, accuracy and
ucts’ structure, format, quality.
range of values and special
fill or error values.
Detailed description of
output data products,
sufficient to determine if
products meet their speci-
fied requirements.
MD_1.6 ALL Doc Data management plan Preliminary DMP describ- Descriptions of respon-
(DMP) ing how the data and de- sibilities of individuals
rived products will be man- or organizations for
aged during the mission managing data including
capture, processing, ar-
chiving and distribution;
data flows; identification
of interfaces and inter-
face control documents
to be developed; data
quality plan; long-term
preservation plan.
MD_1.7 ALL Doc Mission cost and schedule Defines planned cost and Updated estimated costs
schedule for the mission. and schedule timelines
(See MC_1.4)
10 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
7.4 Mission implementation stage
7.4.1 Rationale
Preserving all the information produced during the mission implementation stage is necessary for
understanding procedural impacts relative to instrument, algorithm and product implementation. Data
acquired during the calibration and validation campaigns of instruments under construction (e.g. in
a laboratory or dedicated field campaigns) are of critical importance as a reference for the future use
of the data. Documentation of measurements made before deploying instruments will help establish a
baseline and help users understand changes that may have occurred over time while in operation.
7.4.2 Content
The content required to be preserved by the end of the mission implementation stage is identified and
described in Table 3 below.
Table 3 — Mission implementation stage preservation content
ID Need Type Identification Description Examples of types of
for quality information
MI_1.0 ALL Doc Preservation List of items preserved at this Identification of items by
metadata stage to satisfy content require- title and persistent ID. Access
ments specified below. method (e.g., link). Indication
of access restrictions if any as
Updated version of MD_1.0
well as whether and when the
restrictions will be removed.
MI_1.1 ALL Doc Mission Design Defines mission requirements Clear identification of technical
specification and describes procedure. Record of decisions
design as implemented. made during implementation.
MI_1.2A SAT Doc Detailed space Defines the detailed operational Recording procedure for as-
and or aircraft to implementation and any contin- suring the data integrity and
AIR ground segment gency procedure/plan needed. quality.
operations
Storing of diagnostic informa-
concept and im-
tion received.
plementation
MI_1.2B ALL Doc Updated DMP DMP specified in MD_1.6 updat- Descriptions of responsibilities
ed with more details and “To Be of individuals or organizations
Determined (TBD)” items from for managing data including
the preliminary DMP filled in. capture, processing, archiving
and distribution; data flows;
identification of interfaces and
interface control documents to
be developed; data quality plan;
long-term preservation plan.
MI_1.2C SAT Doc On board Documentation of on board Algorithm description and soft-
processing processing, if any. ware documentation as well as
software validation information.
MI_1.3 SAT Doc Sensor/instru- Defines the sensor/instrument Testing results including un-
ment design and platform de
...
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