Traditional Chinese medicine -- Determination of aristolochic acids in natural products by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Médecine traditionnelle chinoise -- Dosage des acides aristolochiques dans les produits naturels par chromatographie liquide haute performance (CLHP)

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ISO/FDIS 23190 - Traditional Chinese medicine -- Determination of aristolochic acids in natural products by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
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FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 23190
ISO/TC 249
Traditional Chinese medicine —
Secretariat: SAC
Determination of aristolochic acids in
Voting begins on:
2021­03­02 natural products by high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Voting terminates on:
2021­04­27
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/FDIS 23190:2021(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN­
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23190:2021(E)
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© ISO 2021

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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 23190:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Abbreviated terms .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

5 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

6 Reagents ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

7 Apparatus ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

8 Test method ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

8.1 General principle ................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

8.2 Caution and safety considerations ......................................................................................................................................... 3

8.3 Stock solution of standard ............................................................................................................................................................ 3

8.4 HPLC condition ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

8.4.1 Chromatographic system and system suitability ................................................................................. 3

8.4.2 Standard solution ............................................................................................................................................................ 4

8.4.3 Test solution I ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4

8.4.4 Test solution II ................................................................................................................................................................... 4

8.4.5 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5

8.5 Method validation ................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

8.6 E valuation of qualitative results .............................................................................................................................................. 5

9 Sampling and preservation of samples ......................................................................................................................................... 5

9.1 Sampling ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

10 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Annex A (informative) Typical HPLC conditions ...................................................................................................................................... 7

Annex B (informative) Qualitative determination of aristolochic acid I by LC-MS ...............................................9

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................11

© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/FDIS 23190:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 249, Traditional Chinese medicine.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 23190:2021(E)
Introduction

Aristolochic acids, a class of chemical compounds with renal toxicity, carcinogenic and mutagenic

toxicity, are widely distributed in over 350 species of plant from around the world, many of which have

been used as natural products to treat gout, arthritis, rheumatism and acute inflammation of the skin;

some species from North America have been used to treat snake bites. Clinical practice and research

have confirmed that long-term use of natural products containing aristolochic acids can cause chronic

renal failure and renal tubules, and natural products containing aristolochic acids have been prohibited

and restricted to use in clinics in many counties. Aristolochic acid toxicity is of great concern worldwide.

Safety and efficacy are basic requirements for the use of natural medicines. Although many natural

products containing aristolochic acids have been strictly controlled in clinics, some are still used as

raw herbal materials or to produce manufactured products such as asarum, Kaempfer dutchmanspipe

root, Herba Aristolochiae mollissimae, German birthwort, American snakeroot and Indian Aristolochia

tagala. In addition, some prohibited plant medicines are easily confused or misused during

manufacturing, which can cause large safety concerns in the application of natural products.

This document is beneficial for effectively supervising and reducing the toxic side effects of natural-

medicine-derived products and ensuring their safety and efficacy in clinical use.

The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is applied in organizations in such places

as Europe, China, the United States of America, Japan and the Republic of Korea for the determination

of aristolochic acid I, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The HPLC method is recommended

internationally for the qualitative determination of aristolochic acid I in natural products.

© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 23190:2021(E)
Traditional Chinese medicine — Determination of
aristolochic acids in natural products by high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC)
1 Scope

This document specifies a method for using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to

determine the presence of aristolochic acid I in natural products.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

World Health Organization, Quality control methods for herbal materials. World Health

Organization, 2011
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
raw herbal material
medicinal part of medicinal plants after preliminary processing (3.2)
3.2
preliminary processing

physical technique of converting medicinal part of medicinal plants into raw herbal material (3.1)

3.3
extract

preparation containing the active ingredient of a substance from raw herbal material (3.1) in

concentrated form based on the standardized production process and meeting certain quality

standards
4 Abbreviated terms
DAD diode array detector
HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography
UV ultraviolet absorption
LC­MS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO/FDIS 23190:2021(E)
5 Principle

The HPLC method is employed to determine the presence of aristolochic acid I. The HPLC system

consists of a quaternary pump, continuous vacuum degasser, thermostated auto-sampler and column

compartment coupled to a variable wavelength diode array detector (DAD).

The aristolochic acid I determinable by this method is shown in Table 1. The chemical structure of

aristolochic acid I is given in Figure 1.
Table 1 — Aristolochic acid I determinable by this method
CA determinable S
Analyte Molecular formula Molar mas
...

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