ISO/TR 7872:2022
(Main)Intelligent transport systems — Mobility integration — Digital infrastructure service role and functional model for urban ITS service applications
Intelligent transport systems — Mobility integration — Digital infrastructure service role and functional model for urban ITS service applications
This document describes a basic role and functional model of digital infrastructure service for urban intelligent transport system (ITS) service applications. It provides an extension of the information given in ISO/TR 4445. It lays out a paradigm describing: a) a framework for the provision of digital infrastructure for cooperative ITS service application; b) a description of the concept of roles and functional models for such services; c) a conceptual architecture between actors involved in the provision/receipt of digital infrastructure services; d) references for the key documents on which the architecture is based; and e) a taxonomy of the organization of generic procedures.
Systèmes de transport intelligents - Intégration de la mobilité - Rôle des services d'infrastructure numérique et modèle fonctionnel pour les applications de services ITS urbains
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 7872
First edition
2022-05
Intelligent transport systems —
Mobility integration — Digital
infrastructure service role and
functional model for urban ITS service
applications
Systèmes de transport intelligents - Intégration de la mobilité - Rôle
des services d'infrastructure numérique et modèle fonctionnel pour
les applications de services ITS urbains
Reference number
ISO/TR 7872:2022(E)
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ISO/TR 7872:2022(E)
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© ISO 2022
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ISO/TR 7872:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 1
5 General overview and framework . 2
5.1 Objective. 2
5.2 National variations . 3
5.3 Mandatory, optional, and cooperative issues . 3
5.4 Specification of service provision . 3
5.5 Architecture options . 3
6 Concept of operations . 4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Statement of the goals and objectives of the system . 4
6.3 Strategies, tactics, policies and constraints affecting the system . 4
6.4 Organizations, activities and interactions among participants and stakeholders. 4
6.5 Clear statement of responsibilities and authorities delegated . 4
6.6 Operational processes for the system . 4
6.6.1 Service requirements definition . 4
6.7 Appointment of an approval authority (regulatory) . 5
6.8 In-vehicle system . 5
6.9 User . 5
6.10 Application service . 5
6.11 Big data management entity . 6
6.11.1 Big data management . 6
6.12 Data aggregator . 6
6.13 Map service providers . 6
6.14 Digital infrastructure service provider . 6
7 Conceptual architecture framework .6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Actors . 6
7.3 Role model and functional model of digital infrastructure servicer . 7
7.4 Service definition . 8
7.5 Role model architecture . 9
7.5.1 General . 9
7.5.2 Application service actors. 9
7.5.3 Service provider(s) . 9
8 Quality of service requirements . 9
9 Test requirements .10
10 Marking, labelling and packaging .10
11 Declaration of patents and intellectual property .10
12 Definition of service domains utilizing digital infrastructure .10
12.1 General . 10
12.2 Referenced target use cases . 10
12.3 Infrastructure operation management .12
12.3.1 Traffic management . .12
12.4 Road traffic management . 13
12.5 Enforcement . 14
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12.6 The role of service providers . 15
Annex A (informative) Use case of digital infrastructure service .18
Bibliography .19
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ISO/TR 7872:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/TR 7872:2022(E)
Introduction
Currently, more than 70 % of the world's people live in cities. The proportion of people living in cities is
rising around the world as civilizations develop and congregate around the areas where employment
opportunity most arises. Societies develop more innovatively and more rapidly in cities, adding to
their attraction. Finally, cities present better entertainment opportunities. These points all add to their
attraction and popularity, hence the continuing trend. It has recently been forecast that by 2045, an
[4]
additional 2 billion people will live in urban areas. Due to the concentration of the population that
this causes, various issues arise, such as road congestion due to increases in vehicle population and
environmental pollution due to exhaust gas and tyre erosion. This has been attributed to increases in
the amount of delivery trucks, taxis and town centre traffic and is further exacerbated by obstacles to
effective use of urban space due to private ownership of cars (parking lots, street parking).
In line with scientific advice that significant action and change of behaviour is needed to ameliorate
the adverse effects of climate change, more environmentally-friendly use of the transport system is
required.
It is also recognized that within cities, there is a general deterioration in road infrastructure, lack of
provision of information on the use of public transportation, driver shortages (due to an increase in
the number of elderly people) and inconvenience of multimodal fare payments. Action to improve this
situation is urgently needed.
Therefore, in recent years, in Europe, studies on the development of mobility integration standards
have been active in solving urban problems. There are also various movements around the world
making efforts to address such issues. In the United States, for example, intelligent transport system
(ITS) technology is used to try to solve urban problems in the Smart City Pilot Project. Important key
factors here are the core architectural elements of smart cities and urban ITS sharing of probe data
(also called sensor data), connected cars and automated driving. In addition, new issues have been
recognized with the introduction of the connected car to the real world regarding privacy protection,
the need to strengthen security measures, big data collection and processing measures, which are
becoming important considerations.
In terms of effective use of urban space, it is hoped that the introduction of connected cars and
automated driving can significantly reduce the requirements for urban parking lots (redistribution
of road space). If technology can eliminate congestion, city road area usage can also be minimized or
reallocated (space utilization improvement) to improve the living environment and quality of life in the
city. In addition, the environment around the road will be improved by improving enforcement (e.g.
overloaded vehicles). It is possible, even in rural areas, to introduce automated driving robot taxis and
other shared mobility that saves labour (and is therefore more affordable) and improves the mobility of
elderly people.
To achieve this, the following points will need to be achieved:
— cooperation in the harmonization of International Standards and other industry standards;
— recognition of the significance of international standardization (for example, in reducing
implementation costs);
— recognition of the significance of harmonization activities by countries around the world;
— cooperation and contribution between ISO/TC 22 for in-vehicle systems and ISO/TC 204 for ITS
technology.
ITS technology is an important element for realizing smart cities, and it is important to clearly
understand the role model of ITS service applications when developing standards to achieve these
objectives.
ISO/TR 4445 is already an important resource for this objective, providing consideration of the emerging
direction of mobility electrification, automated driving and the direction of an environmentally friendly
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society, whilst also incorporating other urban data such as traffic management into city management
within the context of improving the mobility of urban society.
This document, ISO/TR 7872, describes how ITS sensor data can be integrated into a valuable data
cluster presented on map data, so that ITS service providers can provide services such as automated
driving, parking, kerb operations, etc.
This document does not describe smart city use cases for ITS data in detail, nor does it describe in detail
any specific ITS use-cases; it is instead focussed on the generic role model for digital infrastructure
service.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 7872:2022(E)
Intelligent transport systems — Mobility integration —
Digital infrastructure service role and functional model for
urban ITS service applications
1 Scope
This document describes a basic role and functional model of digital infrastructure service for urban
intelligent transport system (ITS) service applications. It provides an extension of the information
given in ISO/TR 4445. It lays out a paradigm describing:
a) a framework for the provision of digital infrastructure for cooperative ITS service application;
b) a description of the concept of roles and functional models for such services;
c) a conceptual architecture between actors involved in the provision/receipt of digital infrastructure
services;
d) references for the key documents on which the architecture is based; and
e) a taxonomy of the organization of generic procedures.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 14812, Intelligent transport systems — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 14812 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
AI artificial intelligence
AVPS automated valet parking system
AV automated vehicle
CAV connected and automated vehicle
CONOPS concept of operations
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EFC electronic fee collection
EV electric vehicles
ExVe extended vehicle
FCV fuel cell vehicles
GDD graphic data dictionary
GDF geographic data files
HD high definition
ITS intelligent transport system
LSAD low-speed automated driving
MaaS mobility as a service
METR management for electronic traffic regulations
NDS Navigation Data Standard
OBE on-board equipment
OEM original equipment manufacturer
QoS quality of service
RV road vehicle
RVU road vehicle user
SCMS security credentials management system
SPaT-MAP signal phase and timing (SPaT) and map (MAP)
WIM weigh in motion
5 General overview and framework
5.1 Objective
Emerging ITS service applications such as parking (including AVPS: automated valet parking systems),
CAV (connected and automated vehicle, including LSAD: low-speed automated driving) and kerb
operations require infrastructure supports for secured and safety operations. Several ongoing
standardization work items exist within ISO/TC 204, including:
— high definition (HD) maps,
— management for electronic traffic regulations (METR), and
— graphic data dictionary (GDD).
There is a need for the creation of a document describing how these standardization items fit into
a prospected digital infrastructure service role and functional model for smart city ITS service
applications.
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This will lead to a digital twin operation for smart cities: creation of a digitality formed society
connecting real (physical world) society to processing and analysing big data and sending out a data
stream to the real world.
In actual deployment, distributed security technology such as block chain will be introduced for
efficient and speedy transactions.
This document suggests investigating ITS as a component of a smart city and that the ITS data can
focus on data originating from ITS components and available for sharing with other smart city services
and commercial interests.
This clause describes a generic framework for the provision of digital infrastructure services for
cooperative telematics application services for ITS service applications.
(Clause 6 provides the general concept of operations for which this architecture is designed. Clause 7
provides a framework, role definition and summary of the architecture at a conceptual level.)
5.2 National variations
The instantiation of interoperable on-board platforms for ITS service applications with common
features is expected to vary from country to country, as will the provision of regulated, or supported,
services.
5.3 Mandatory, optional, and cooperative issues
5.3.1 This document does not impose any requirements on Nations in respect of which services for
ITS service applications countries will require, or which they will support as an option, but provides
a generic common framework architecture within which countries can achieve their own objectives
in respect of application services for ITS-supported service applications in cities, and can provide
standardized sets of requirements descriptions for the exchange of data to enable consistent and cost
efficient implementations where instantiated.
5.3.2 Cooperative ITS application, in this context, is the use of a common platform to meet both
regulated and commercial service provision providing collaboration between transport systems and
smart cities.
5.4 Specification of service provision
Cooperative ITS applications for ITS service applications (both commercial services and regulated
services) are specified in terms of the service provision, and not in terms of the hardware and software.
5.5 Architecture options
Architecturally, it needs to be possible for a vehicle user/on-board equipment (OBE) to use the services
of different application services. The in-vehicle system can be a vehicle-original equipment specification
option, in-built at the time of manufacture of the vehicle, with the service provider selection being a
subsequent service-user choice. Alternatively, it can be after-market equipment that has access rights
to the required data. An ITS application service will be based in the infrastructure. Other options are
possible and can be supported within the conceptual architecture. The objective of this role model is
the accessibility of the use of ITS data generated in ITS application services in smart city application
services.
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6 Concept of operations
6.1 General
This clause describes the characteristics of a proposed system from the viewpoint of an individual
who will use that system. Its objective is to communicate the quantitative and qualitative system
characteristics to all stakeholders.
ISO/TR 4445 describes the roles and responsibilities of the classes and actors involved in the provision
of digital infrastructure for ITS services for ITS service applications using a secure vehicle interface.
This document recognizes that there will be variations between jurisdictions, a role in ISO/TR 4445. It
does not attempt, nor recommend, homogeneity between jurisdictions. It is simply designed to provide
common standard features to enable equipment of common specification, that supports a standardized
‘Secure ITS Interface’, to be used, and to enable the common features of service provision to be able to
be referenced simply by reference to an ISO deliverable (requiring detailed specification of only the
additional requirements of a jurisdiction).
A ‘concept of operations’ (CONOPS) generally evolves from a concept and is a description of how a set of
capabilities will be employed to achieve desired objectives.
6.2 Statement of the goals and objectives of the system
The overall objective of the ITS service application in smart cities is the seamless exchange of data
between transport applications and smart city service applications.
These services are provided to meet the smart city requirements using common ‘Secure ITS interface’
communications between ITS systems (including in-vehicle systems, infrastructure-based systems,
and personal ITS stations) and smart city applications.
6.3 Strategies, tactics, policies and constraints affecting the system
Strategies, tactics, policies and constraints, and indeed, the services that are regulated as mandatory or
optionally supported, will vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Clause 7 provides detail of the options
of such aspects.
6.4 Organizations, activities and interactions among participants and stakeholders
The classes, attributes and key relationships are described in Clause 7. High-level conceptual
architectural detail is elaborated in Clause 8.
6.5 Clear statement of responsibilities and authorities delegated
Clause 6 describes the high-level options and issues. The actors, their responsibilities and authorities
are described in Clause 7.
6.6 Operational processes for the system
The following description of operational processes is at a high abstracted level (above that of any
application service). Specific services will have additional requirements not described herein.
6.6.1 Service requirements definition
A smart city application service provides a service (a benefit that a service user receives or a duty
that a service user provides) to a service user using exchanges of data, in this case using a secure ITS
interface. Smart cities can also use other communications means appropriate to the context of their
use. The interface will be wired or wireless, but is likely to be the latter, in which case the latency of the
system will limit the ability to provide/capabilities of the application service.
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An ITS application service provides an ITS service (a benefit that a service user receives or a duty that
a user provides) to a service user using a secure ITS interface. The interface will be wired or wireless,
but is likely to be the latter, in which case the latency of the system will limit the ability to provide/
capabilities of the application service.
Wireless communications between a vehicle and its original equipment manufacturer (OEM), commonly
known as "ExVe" (extended vehicle) are separate and complementary to, and out of the scope of, this
document.
6.7 Appointment of an approval authority (regulatory)
This document is based on the premise that a smart city will develop its own regulation base (in consort
with national government and other smart cities). The term used in this document to describe this
organization and its regulation base is the ‘jurisdiction’, and this body creates or appoints an authority
to approve and audit the ‘process’. The ‘process’ in this context is a smart city application service. The
assumption is made that there will be some form of approval process to control smart city application
services and their cybersecurity (at the least to protect privacy and avoid fraud, and to minimize risks
of terrorism or other disruption). The structure of that authority is a matter for the jurisdiction, and it
will be a separate appointed organization, or a department of the jurisdiction. Within the context of this
document, it is the actor ‘role’ of ‘approval authority’ that is important, not its structure, ownership or
business model.
An approval authority (regulator
...
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