ISO/TR 19175:2025
(Main)Geographic information — Gap analysis of geospatial standards for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation
Geographic information — Gap analysis of geospatial standards for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation
The objective of this document is to analyse gaps in geospatial standards for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation. This document is intended to be used by designers, developers and providers of outdoor or indoor navigation services. This document: a) specifies the concepts for the indoor-outdoor seamless navigation; b) outlines conceptual architecture and scenarios (or use-cases) for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation; c) analyses the gap of the current geospatial standards for implementing the indoor-outdoor seamless navigation; d) highlights standardization items to be proceeded to get more interoperability.
Information géographique — Analyse des écarts des normes géospatiales pour la navigation continue intérieure-extérieure
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Report
ISO/TR 19175
First edition
Geographic information — Gap
2025-06
analysis of geospatial standards for
indoor-outdoor seamless navigation
Information géographique — Analyse des écarts des normes
géospatiales pour la navigation continue intérieure-extérieure
Reference number
© ISO 2025
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions .1
3.2 Abbreviated terms .3
4 Indoor-outdoor seamless navigation . . 4
4.1 Overview .4
4.2 Indoor navigation .4
4.3 Issues for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation .5
4.4 Requirements for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation .5
5 Conceptual architecture for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation . 6
5.1 Overview .6
5.2 Use case development .7
6 Gap analysis .10
6.1 Overview .10
6.2 Indoor-Outdoor Map Specification for Indoor-Outdoor Navigation .11
6.3 Guide for the integration of indoor and outdoor data for indoor-outdoor navigation . 12
6.4 Data Model of Indoor-Outdoor Positioning References. 12
6.5 Guide for context information exchange for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation . 13
7 Applications examples of indoor-outdoor seamless navigation .13
8 Summary and Recommendation . 14
Bibliography .15
iii
Foreword
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Geographic information, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
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iv
Introduction
With the spread of nomadic and mobile devices such as smart phones, and the rapid expansion of indoor
spaces, many of the services and facilities related to the transport system have become accessible to indoor
spaces. Consequently, indoor-outdoor seamless navigation is becoming more important as an extension of
existing navigations. For indoor or outdoor navigation, there are several standardization activities which
could improve interoperability of data and services.
v
Technical Report ISO/TR 19175:2025(en)
Geographic information — Gap analysis of geospatial
standards for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation
1 Scope
The objective of this document is to analyse gaps in geospatial standards for indoor-outdoor seamless
navigation. This document is intended to be used by designers, developers and providers of outdoor or
indoor navigation services.
This document:
a) specifies the concepts for the indoor-outdoor seamless navigation;
b) outlines conceptual architecture and scenarios (or use-cases) for indoor-outdoor seamless navigation;
c) analyses the gap of the current geospatial standards for implementing the indoor-outdoor seamless
navigation;
d) highlights standardization items to be proceeded to get more interoperability.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
feature
abstraction of real-world phenomena
Note 1 to entry: A feature can occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance will be used when only
one is meant.
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.11]
3.1.2
indoor entity feature
feature (3.1.1) constructed as indoor architectural components or features attached for a specific use inside
a building
EXAMPLE Windows, doors, furniture and facilities are indoor entity features.
[SOURCE: ISO 19164:2024, 3.5]
3.1.3
indoor space feature
feature (3.1.1) that contains indoor entity features (3.1.2) or is used as a place for a specific purpose inside a
building, or both
EXAMPLE Rooms, balconies and pathways are indoor space features.
[SOURCE: ISO 19164:2024, 3.6]
3.1.4
indoor map
portrayal of an indoor entity feature (3.1.2) and indoor space features (3.1.3) as a digital image or vector file
suitable for display on a computer screen
[SOURCE: ISO 19164:2024, 3.7]
3.1.5
indoor-outdoor map
portrayal of seamless interconnected entity features and space features between indoor and outdoor
environments as a digital image or vector file suitable for display on a computer screen
3.1.6
nomadic device
ND
implementation of a personal ITS station which provides communication connectivity via equipment such as
cellular telephones, mobile wireless broadband (WIMAX, HC-SDMA, etc.), WiFi etc. and includes short range
links, such as Bluetooth®, Zigbee, etc. to connect portable devices to the motor vehicle communications
system network
Note 1 to entry: Bluetooth is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
[SOURCE: ISO 23795-2:2024, 3.1.1, modified — "portable" has been removed from "portable equipment,"
"wireless communication network (3G, 4G, and 5G)" has been removed, "WiFi" has been added, "such as
IEEE 802.11x" has been replaced by "such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc." A new Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.1.7
indoor navigation
navigation provided in indoor space
3.1.8
ITS station
ITS-S
entity in a communication network, comprised of application, facilities, networking and access layer
components specified in ISO 21217 that operate within a bounded secure management domain
[SOURCE: ISO 13184-2:2016, 3.5]
3.1.9
personal/vehicle ITS station
P/V-ITS-S
ITS station implemented in a vehicle or mobile device
Note 1 to entry: 'mobile device' is replaced by the term 'nomadic device' (3.1.6) to assure the consistency in this
document.
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-2:2024, 3.1.5, modified — "personal mobile device" has been replaced by "nomadic
device" in the definition. "Note 1 to entry" has been added.]
3.1.10
roadside ITS station, R-ITS-S
system that receives and processes vehicular and pedestrian information within a certain zone
Note 1 to entry: The system is installed at the roadside.
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-2:2024, 3.1.8, modified — "and determines the situation, in order to provide the safety
warning and parking guide service to vehicles and pedestrians" has been removed from the definition.]
3.1.11
central ITS station, central ITS-S, C-ITS-S
implementation of an ITS-S in a central ITS subsystem
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-4:2019, 3.1.6]
3.1.12
indoor positioning
determination of a location in an indoor space
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-4:2019, 3.1.7]
3.1.13
indoor positioning infrastructure
infrastructure used to determine locations of personal/vehicle ITS stations (P/V-ITS-S) in an indoor space
EXAMPLE Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-4:2019, 3.1.11]
3.1.14
indoor positioning reference
information to support indoor positioning
EXAMPLE A good example of an indoor positioning reference is information about indoor positioning
infrastructure. For Wi-Fi based positioning, the indoor positioning infrastructure information includes the Wi-Fi APs
information, such as location, SSID, and RSSI values of APs.
Note 1 to entry: Detailed specifications and contents of indoor positioning references depend on the specific
indoor positioning technologies.
[SOURCE: ISO 17438-2:2024, 3.1.12, modified — Example 1 and Example 2 have been combined into a single
Example.]
3.1.15
indoor navigation
...
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