ISO 14649-121:2005

Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data model for computerized numerical controllers — Part 121: Tools for turning machines

ISO 14649-121:2005 specifies the data elements describing cutting tool data for turning machine tools and machining centres. They work together with ISO 14649-12, the process data for turning machine tools and machining centres. These data elements can be used as criteria for selecting one of several operations. They do not describe complete information of a particular tool, thus, leaving out optional attributes gives the controller more freedom to select from a larger set of tools.

Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Commande des dispositifs physiques — Modèle de données pour les contrôleurs numériques informatisés — Partie 121: Outils pour le tournage

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 05-Sep-2005
• ICS: 25.040.20 - Numerically controlled machines
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 1 - Industrial cyber and physical device control
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 1 - Industrial cyber and physical device control
• Current Stage: 9092 - International Standard to be revised
• Start Date: 11-Apr-2025
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO 14582:2013 - Fasteners — Hexalobular socket countersunk head screws, high head
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14649-121
First edition
2005-09-01
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device contro —
Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 121:
Tools for turning machines
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Commande des
dispositifs physiques — Modèle de données pour les contrôleurs
numériques informatisés —
Partie 121: Outils pour le tournage

Reference number
©
ISO 2005
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Contents
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references.2
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Tools for turning machines .3
4.1 Header and references.3
4.2 Turning machine cutting tool .5
4.2.1 Cutting edge properties .6
4.2.2 Hand of tool type .9
4.3 Catalogue of turning tool.9
4.3.1 General turning tool .9
4.3.2 Turning threading tool .10
4.3.3 Grooving tool .11
4.3.4 Knurling tool .12
4.3.5 User defined turning tool.13
Annex A: (normative) EXPRESS expanded listing.14
Annex B: (informative) EXPRESS-G diagram.17
Index .21

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 14649 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 14649-121 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation
systems and integration, Subcommittee SC 1, Physical device control.
ISO 14649 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial automation systems and integration —
Physical device control — Data model for computerized numerical controllers:
NOTE Phase numbers below refer to the planned release phases of ISO 14649 which are described in Annex D
of ISO 14649-1:2002.
—  Part 1:  Overview and fundamental principles (Phase 1)
—  Part 10: General process data ( Phase 1)
—  Part 11: Process data for milling (Phase 1)
—  Part 12: Process data for turning (Phase 2)
—  Part 111: Tools for milling machines (Phase 1)
—  Part 121: Tools for turning machines (Phase 2)
Gaps in the numbering were left to allow further additions. ISO 14649-10 is the ISO 10303 Application Reference
Model (ARM) for process-independent data. ISO 10303 ARMs for specific technologies are added after part 10.
iv © ISO 2005– All rights reserved

Introduction
Modern manufacturing enterprises are built from facilities spread around the globe, which contain equipment from
hundreds of different manufacturers. Immense volumes of product information must be transferred between the
various facilities and machines. Today's digital communications standards have solved the problem of reliably
transferring information across global networks. For mechanical parts, the description of product data has been
standardized by ISO 10303. This leads to the possibility of using standard data throughout the entire process chain
in the manufacturing enterprise. Impediments to realizing this principle are the data formats used at the machine
level. Most computer numerical control (CNC) machines are programmed in the ISO 6983 “G and M code”
language. Programs are typically generated by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems that use computer-
aided design (CAD) information. However, ISO 6983 limits program portability for three reasons. First, the language
focuses on programming the tool center path with respect to machine axes, rather than the machining process with
respect to the part. Second, the standard defines the syntax of program statements, but in most cases leaves the
semantics ambiguous. Third, vendors usually supplement the language with extensions that are not covered in the
limited scope of ISO 6983.
ISO 14649 is a new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines, which replaces ISO
6983. It remedies the shortcomings of ISO 6983 by specifying machining processes rather than machine tool
motion, using the object-oriented concept of Workingsteps. Workingsteps correspond to high-level machining
features and associated process parameters. CNCs are responsible for translating Workingsteps to axis motion
and tool operation. A major benefit of ISO 14649 is its use of existing data models from ISO 10303. As ISO 14649
provides a comprehensive model of the manufacturing process, it can also be used as the basis for a bi- and multi-
directional data exchange between all other information technology systems.
ISO 14649 represents an object oriented, information and context preserving approach for NC-programming that
supersedes data reduction to simple switching instructions or linear and circular movements. As it is object- and
feature oriented and describes the machining operations executed on the workpiece, and not machine dependent
axis motions, it will be running on different machine tools or controllers. This compatibility will spare all data
adaptations by postprocessors, if the new data model is correctly implemented on the NC controllers. If old NC
programs in ISO 6983 are to be used on such controllers, the corresponding interpreters shall be able to process
the different NC program types in parallel.
ISO TC 184/SC 1/WG 7 envisions a gradual evolution from ISO 6983 programming to portable feature-based
programming. Early adopters of ISO 14649 will certainly support data input of legacy “G and M codes” manually or
through programs, just as modern controllers support both command-line interfaces and graphical user interfaces.
This will likely be made easier as open-architecture controllers become more prevalent. Therefore, ISO 14649 does
not include legacy program statements, which would otherwise dilute the effectiveness of the standard.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14649-121:2005(E)

Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical
device control — Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 121:
Tools for turning machines
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14649 specifies the data elements describing cutting tool data for turning machine tools and
machining centres. They work together with ISO 14649-12, the process data for turning machine tools and
machining centres. These data elements can be used as criteria to select one of several operations; they do not
describe a complete information of a particular tool. Thus, leaving out optional attributes gives the controller more
freedom to select from a larger set of tools.
Note 1 The NC is assumed to have access to complete description of specific tools in a database. The
turning_machine_tool_schema defined in this part of ISO 14649 serves as a basic tool schema including
the information required by the CNC to select a tool from the machine tool’s tool turret.
Note 2 In ISO 6983, the tool is defined by its identifier (e.g. T8). No further information concerning the tool type or
geometry is given. This information is part of the tool set-up sheet, which is supplied with the NC-program
to the machine. The tool set-up sheet gives the relationship between the tool location (e.g. the slot 8 of
the tool magazine) and the type of tool (e.g. “drill 4 mm”).

This part of ISO 14649 includes the information which is contained in the tool set-up sheet:
• tool identifier;
• tool type;
• tool geometry;
• application dependent expected tool life.

The turning_machine_tool_schema does not include information which is part of the tool database. The tool
database is related to the machine tool and the tool itself but independent of the NC program. The following data
types are out of scope of this part of ISO 14649:
• normative tool life;
• tool location in the tool changer;
• adaptive items also know as tool holders or tool clamping devices;
• tools for other technologies such as milling, grinding, EDM.
Note 3 It is important to understand that all length measure types used in this part of ISO 14649 are not
toleranced length measure types because they are used to describe the tools required for the
manufacturing of a workpiece, not the actual dimensions of the tools available at the machine. A real tool
must be selected by the tool management based on the actual tool dimensions and the tolerances of
features.
Note 4 Tools in this part of the standard shall describe a tool at whole. No individual components (tool bodies,
inserts, or clamping units) are described.
Note 5 Tools for other technologies will be described in further parts of ISO 14649.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3002 -1:1993, Basic quantities in cutting and grinding — Part 1: Geometry of the active part of cutting tools —
General terms, reference systems, tool and working angles, chip breakers
ISO 5610:1998, Single-point tool holders for turning and copying, for indexable inserts — Dimensions
ISO 10303-11:2004, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 11: Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual
ISO 10303-41:2000, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 41: Integrated generic resource: Fundamentals of product description and support
ISO 10303-42:2003, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 42: Integrated generic resource: Geometric and topological representation
ISO 14649-10:2003, Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data model for
computerized numerical controllers — Part 10: General process data
1)
ISO 14649-12:— , Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data model for
computerized numerical controllers — Part 12: Process data for turning
1)
ISO 14649-111:— , Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data model for
computerized numerical controllers — Part 111: Tools for milling machines
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14649-10, ISO 14649-12 and the
following apply.
3.1 Cutting reference point
The cutting reference point is a theoretical point of the tool from which the major functional dimensions are taken.
For the calculation of this point the following cases apply:
Case 1: The tool cutting edge angle is less or equal 90°. The point is the intersection of the tool cutting edge plane,
the tool feed plane, and the tool rake plane.

1) To be published.
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Case 2: The tool cutting edge is greater than 90°. The point is the intersection of the tool feed plane, a plane
perpendicular to tool feed plane and tangential to the cutting corner, and the tool rake plane.
Case 3: ISO tool styles D and V with only axial rake. The point is the intersection of: a plane perpendicular to the
primary feed direction and tangential to the cutting edge (tangential point), a plane parallel to the feed direction
through the tangential point, and the tool rake plane. The theoretical sharp corner of the insert and the cutting
reference point are on the plane that is perpendicular to the tool feed plane.
Case 4: Round inserts
a) One feed direction parallel to the tool axis. The point is the intersection of a plane perpendicular to the primary
feed direction and tangential to the cutting edge (tangential point), a plane parallel to the feed direction through the
tangential point, and the tool rake plane.
b) Two feed directions, one parallel to the tool axis and one perpendicular to the tool axis with two cutting
reference points. Each point is the intersection of a plane perpendicular to its feed direction and tangential to the
cutting edge (tangential point), a plane parallel to the feed direction through the tangential point, and the tool rake
plane.
3.2 Tool reference point
The tool reference point is the origin point of the co-ordinate axis system. It is a right-handed rectangular Cartesian
system in three dimensional space with three principal axes labelled X, Y, and Z.
3.2.1 Prismatic tool item position
The base of the tool item shall be coplanar with the XY-plane. The normal for the base of the tool shall be in the -Z
direction. The rear backing surface shall be coplanar with the XZ-plane. The normal for the rear backing surface
shall be in the +Y direction. The end of the tool shall be coplanar with the YZ-plane. The normal for the end of the
tool shall be in the +X direction. The rake face of the primary cutting item shall be completely visible in the -X/-Y
quadrant.
3.2.2 Round tool item position
The axis of the tool item shall be colinear with the X-axis. The vector of the shank that points in the -X direction
shall also point towards the workpiece side. The cutting height shall be measured from XY-plane. The drive slots or
clamping flats, if present, shall be parallel with the XY-plane. The contact surface of the coupling, the gauge plane
or the end of the cylindrical shank shall be coplanar with the YZ-plane. The rake face of the primary cutting item
shall be visible in the -X/-Y quadrant.
Left hand items are as defined for right hand items but mirrored through the XZ-plane.

4 Tools for turning machines
4.1 Header and references
The following gives the header for this schema and the list of types and entities which are referenced within this
schema.
SCHEMA turning_machine_tool_schema;
(*
Version : 11
Date  : 04.01.2005
Author : ISO TC184/SC1/WG7
Contact : Suk-Hwan Suh ([e-mail]) or
Heusinger ([e-mail])
*)
(* ************************************************************************ *)
(* Types from machining_schema         ISO 14649-10         *)
(* ************************************************************************ *)
REFERENCE FROM measure_schema (*ISO10303-41e2*)
(length_measure,
plane_angle_measure);
REFERENCE FROM geometry_schema (*ISO10303-42e3*)
(direction);
REFERENCE FROM machining_schema (
label,
machining_tool,
material,
technology,
time_measure);
USE FROM milling_machine_tool_schema;
f_dimension
functional_length
minimum_cutting_diameter
Figure 1 : Turning machine tool.

f = f_dimenstion
If = functional_length
4 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

4.2 Turning machine cutting tool
Entity to describe the technology specific information needed for description of a cutting tool for milling Machine
tools (e.g. milling cutter, reamer, drill, tap, rotating boring tools). It is a subtype of entity machining_tool defined in
ISO 14649-10.
This entity describes the technology specific information needed for description of cutting tool for turning machine
tools. It is a subtype of entity machining_tool defined in 4.6.2.3.4 of ISO 14649-10:2004. As illustrated in Figure 1,
overall_assembly_length means the total length of holder including any portion in front of the cutting point, and
overall_assembly_width means the total width of holder including any portion in front of the cutting point. The
definitions are valid for other types of turning machine tools, such as shown in Figure 2 referenced from ISO 5610.
Drilling type tools and boring type tools (such as drill, reamer and boring tool) are also used in turning operation.
Since they are defined in ISO 14649-111 (as subtypes of milling_machine_tool_body), they are not defined in this
part of ISO 14649. However users can use them by referencing ISO 14649-111.

f
f
b
If
a If
a = a_dimension_on_If b = a_dimension_on_f
(a) (b)
Figure 2: Additional dimensions for turning cutting tools.

ENTITY turning_machine_cutting_tool
SUBTYPE OF (machining_tool);
functional_length     : length_measure;
f_dimension        : length_measure;
minimum_cutting_diameter : OPTIONAL length_measure;
a_dimension_on_f     : OPTIONAL length_measure;
a_dimension_on_lf     : OPTIONAL length_measure;
cutting_edge       : cutting_edge_properties;
hand_of_tool       : OPTIONAL hand_of_tool_type;
END_ENTITY;
functional_length: Distance from the gauge plane or from the end of the shank. If a gauge plane does
not exist,
...