ISO 16143-4:2023

Stainless steels for general purposes - Part 4: Bright products

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for bright products made of stainless steels in the form of bars in the drawn, peeled/turned or additionally ground condition and they are intended for mechanical purposes, for example for machine parts, and/or for use at high temperature including creep-resistant applications. NOTE 1 Bright steel products made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel are manufactured from steels mentioned in ISO 16143-2, and bright steel products intended for high-temperature purposes are manufactured from steels mentioned in ISO 4955.

Aciers inoxydables pour usage général — Partie 4: Produits transformés à froid

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Oct-2023
• ICS: 77.140.20 - Stainless steels
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 17/SC 4 - Heat treatable and alloy steels
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 17/SC 4 - Heat treatable and alloy steels
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 17-Oct-2023
• Due Date: 03-May-2024
• Completion Date: 17-Oct-2023

Relations

• Revises: ISO 683-18:2014 - Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels - Part 18: Bright steel products
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Overview

ISO 16143-4:2023 - Stainless steels for general purposes - Part 4: Bright products specifies the technical delivery requirements for bright stainless-steel bars supplied in drawn, peeled/turned or additionally ground conditions. The standard covers bright products intended for mechanical purposes (e.g., machine parts) and use at high temperature, including creep‑resistant applications. It defines requirements for surface condition, dimensional accuracy, traceability and tests needed to ensure fitness for purpose.

Key topics and technical requirements

ISO 16143-4:2023 addresses the following core subjects:

• Scope & classification: classification of stainless-steel grades by structure (austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, austenitic‑ferritic, precipitation‑hardening).
• Designation: standard naming conventions and cross-references for steel grades.
• Purchaser information: mandatory and optional data the buyer must supply when ordering bright products.
• Manufacturing process & surface condition: definitions and delivery conditions for drawn, peeled/turned and ground bars; surface quality expectations.
• Traceability: cast traceability requirements to support quality control and conformity.
• Requirements:
  • Chemical composition
  • Mechanical properties (tensile, hardness, where applicable)
  • Internal soundness
  • Shape, dimensions and tolerances (ovality, out‑of‑shape, ruling section concept)
  • Surface quality
• Inspection and testing: prescribed inspection documents, testing frequency, verification methods (chemical analysis, tensile testing at room and elevated temperature, Brinell/ hardness, Charpy impact where applicable), dimensional checks and retests.
• Marking and documentation: guidance on product marking and delivery paperwork.
• Normative and informative annexes: steel grade tables, equivalent ruling section determination, supplementary requirements, straightness evaluation methods, cross‑reference designation tables.

Practical applications and who uses this standard

ISO 16143-4:2023 is used by:

• Steel manufacturers and cold‑working mills to define production and delivery requirements for bright bars.
• Procurement and quality teams in engineering and manufacturing organizations to specify accepted materials for machine parts and high‑temperature components.
• Design engineers needing reliable material specifications for precision shafts, fasteners and components exposed to elevated temperatures or creep conditions.
• Inspection and testing laboratories for implementing the standard test methods and inspection frequencies.

Related standards

Key related documents cited in ISO 16143-4:2023 include:

• ISO 16143-2 (corrosion‑resistant semi‑finished products)
• ISO 4955 (heat‑resistant steels)
• ISO 683-7 (related steel product standards)
• Test and inspection references such as ISO 6892‑1/‑2, ISO 148‑1, ISO 6506‑1, ISO 10474, ISO 14284 and ISO 286‑2.

Keywords: ISO 16143-4:2023, stainless steels, bright products, drawn bars, peeled/turned, ground bars, technical delivery requirements, mechanical properties, high-temperature, creep-resistant, inspection and testing.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16143-4
First edition
2023-10
Stainless steels for general
purposes —
Part 4:
Bright products
Aciers inoxydables pour usage général —
Partie 4: Produits transformés à froid
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Classification and designation . 3
4.1 Classification . 3
4.2 Designation . 3
5 Information to be supplied by the purchaser . 4
5.1 Mandatory information . 4
5.2 Options/Supplementary or special requirements . 4
5.3 Ordering example. 5
6 Manufacturing process . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Treatment and surface condition at delivery . 5
6.2.1 Treatment condition . 5
6.2.2 Surface conditions . 5
6.3 Traceability of the cast . 5
7 Requirements . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 Chemical composition . 5
7.3 Mechanical properties . 6
7.4 Internal soundness . 6
7.5 Shape, dimensions and tolerances . 6
7.6 Surface quality . 6
8 Inspection . 7
8.1 Testing procedures and types of documents. 7
8.2 Frequency of testing . 7
8.3 Specific inspection and testing . 8
8.3.1 Verification of the mechanical properties . 8
8.3.2 Visual and dimensional inspection . 8
9 Test methods . 9
9.1 Chemical analysis . 9
9.2 Mechanical tests . 9
9.2.1 Tensile test and hardness test . 9
9.2.2 Impact test . 9
9.3 Verification of dimensions . 9
9.4 Retests . 9
10 Marking . . 9
Annex A (informative) Steel grades and chemical composition according to ISO 16143-2
and ISO 4955 .27
Annex B (normative) Determination of the diameter of the equivalent ruling section for
mechanical properties.32
Annex C (normative) Supplementary or special requirements .35
Annex D (normative) Methods for evaluating straightness .37
Annex E (informative) Designation of steels given in this document and of comparable
grades covered in various designation systems .38
Bibliography .41
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 4, Heat
treatable and alloy steels.
This first edition of ISO 16143-4, together with ISO 683-7, cancels and replaces ISO 683-18:2014, which
has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— ISO 683-18 was split into ISO 683-7 for non-alloy and alloy steels and into ISO 16143-4 for stainless
steels;
— three austenitic steel grades, three austenitic-ferritic steel grades, two ferritic steel grades and two
martensitic steel grades were added;
— definition for out-of-round was modified with two new definitions on ovality and out-of-shape;
— editorial revision.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16143-4:2023(E)
Stainless steels for general purposes —
Part 4:
Bright products
1 Scope
This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for bright products made of stainless
steels in the form of bars in the drawn, peeled/turned or additionally ground condition and they are
intended for mechanical purposes, for example for machine parts, and/or for use at high temperature
including creep-resistant applications.
NOTE 1 Bright steel products made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel are manufactured from steels
mentioned in ISO 16143-2, and bright steel products intended for high-temperature purposes are manufactured
from steels mentioned in ISO 4955.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 148-1, Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 286-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes —
Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and shafts
ISO 377, Steel and steel products — Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical
testing
ISO 404, Steel and steel products — General technical delivery requirements
ISO 4885, Ferrous materials — Heat treatments — Vocabulary
ISO 4948-1, Steels — Classification — Part 1: Classification of steels into unalloyed and alloy steels based
on chemical composition
ISO 4948-2, Steels — Classification — Part 2: Classification of unalloyed and alloy steels according to main
quality classes and main property or application characteristics
ISO 4955, Heat-resistant steels
ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
ISO 6892-2, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 2: Method of test at elevated temperature
ISO 6929, Steel products — Vocabulary
ISO 10474, Steel and steel products — Inspection documents
ISO 14284, Steel and iron — Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical
composition
ISO 15510, Stainless steels — Chemical composition
ISO 16143-2, Stainless steels for general purposes — Part 2: Corrosion-resistant semi-finished products,
bars, rods and sections
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 377, ISO 4885, ISO 4948-1,
ISO 4948-2, ISO 4955, ISO 6929, ISO 14284, ISO 15510, ISO 16143-2 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bright product
drawn or peeled/turned product with smoother surface quality and better dimensional accuracy in
comparison to hot-rolled product
3.2
drawn product
product of various cross-sectional shapes obtained, after descaling, by cold drawing of a hot-rolled
product, on a drawing bench (cold formation without removing material)
Note 1 to entry: This operation gives the product special features with respect to shape, dimensional accuracy
and surface finish. Products in lengths are delivered straightened, products of small cross-section may also be
supplied in coils.
3.3
peeled/turned product
round bar produced by peeling or turning where the product can be further processed by straightening
and polishing
Note 1 to entry: This operation gives the bar special features with respect to shape, dimensional accuracy and
surface finish. The removal of metal is carried out in such a way that the bright product is generally free from
rolling defects and surface decarburization.
3.4
product in the ground condition
ground product
drawn or peeled/turned round bar given an improved surface quality and dimensional accuracy by
grinding or by grinding and polishing
3.5
thickness
nominal dimension of the product
Note 1 to entry: That means:
a) the diameter in the case of rounds;
b) the lateral length in the case of squares;
c) the width over flats in the case of hexagons;
d) the shorter lateral length in the case of flats (rectangular bars) and wide-flats.
For special sections, 'thickness' shall be defined at the time of enquiry and order.
3.6
ovality
difference between the smallest and largest dimension measured across the pairs of opposing points at
a common cross-section
3.7
out of shape
deviation from the nominal section profile
EXAMPLE Parallelism, perpendicularity and twist.
3.8
ruling section
that section for which the specified mechanical properties apply
Note 1 to entry: Independent of the actual shape and dimensions of the cross-section of the product, the size of its
ruling section is always given by a diameter. This corresponds to the diameter of an “equivalent round bar”. That
is a round bar which will show the same cooling rate as the actual ruling section of the product concerned at its
position for taking the test pieces, when being cooled from austenitizing temperature.
3.9
stainless steel
steel with at least 10,5 % (mass fraction) Cr and a maximum of 1,2 % (mass fraction) C
Note 1 to entry: For the classification of stainless steels according to their structure, composition and application,
see ISO 15510:2014, Annex C.
[SOURCE: ISO 15510:2014, 3.1]
4 Classification and designation
4.1 Classification
The classification of the relevant steel grades is allocated in accordance with ISO 4948-1 and ISO 4948-2.
Stainless steels covered by this document are further classified according to their structure into
— austenitic steels,
— austenitic-ferritic steels,
— ferritic steels,
— martensitic steels, or
— precipitation-hardening steels.
4.2 Designation
For the steel grades covered by this document, the steel names given in the relevant tables are allocated
in accordance with ISO/TS 4949.
NOTE Designation of steels covered by this document and of comparable grades covered in various other
designation systems are given in Annex E.
5 Information to be supplied by the purchaser
5.1 Mandatory information
The manufacturer shall obtain the following information from the purchaser at the time of enquiry and
order:
a) quantity (mass, number of bars) to be delivered;
b) shape of the product (e. g. round, hexagon, square, flat);
c) the dimensions and tolerances of the product, see 7.6 and Table 3 and Tables 11 to 13;
d) a reference to this document, i.e. ISO 16143-4:2023;
e) the designation of the steel grade;
f) if for the relevant steel more than one heat treatment condition is possible (for the martensitic and
precipitation hardening steels of Table 7), the symbol for the desired heat treatment conditions;
g) the desired condition (see symbols in Table 2) for steel grades ordered according to Tables 5 to 7 or
the cold worked hardened condition for steel grades ordered according to Table 8;
h) standard designation for a test report 2.2 or, if required, any other type of inspection document in
accordance with ISO 10474.
5.2 Options/Supplementary or special requirements
A number of options are specified in this document and listed below.
a) reference testing for products used in the quenched and tempered condition, only for martensitic
and precipitation hardening steels ordered in the annealed condition (see 8.3.1 and C.2);
b) non-destructive testing (see 7.5 and C.3);
c) the disposition of tolerances in accordance with 7.6 and C.4;
d) bar end conditions may be specified at the time of enquiry and order in accordance with C.5;
e) product analysis (see 7.2, Table 1 and C.6);
f) any requirement to special marking (see Clauses 10 and C.7);
g) any additionally requirement concerning the surface condition, i.e. ground surface +G or polished
surface +PL for round bars (see 6.2.2 and Table 3);
h) surface quality class if another than the standard class is requested (see 7.6 and Table 4);
i) verification of the straightness (see 7.6, Tables 12 and 13 and Annex D);
j) impact test at a temperature lower than room temperature (see 9.2.2).
5.3 Ordering example
3 t round bars with nominal diameter 80 mm, tolerance h8, stock length 6 000 mm made of steel grade
X5CrNi18–10 according to this document in process route +2G, surface quality class 3 and a certificate
3.1 as specified in ISO 10474.
3 t round bars 80 h8 × stock 6 000
steel grade ISO 16143-4 - X5CrNi18–10+2G
Inspection certificate ISO 10474 - 3.1
6 Manufacturing process
6.1 General
The manufacturing process of the steel and of the products is, with the restrictions given by the
requirements in 6.2 and 6.3, left to the discretion of the manufacturer.
6.2 Treatment and surface condition at delivery
6.2.1 Treatment condition
The treatment and heat-treatment condition (if any) at the time of delivery shall conform with the
condition agreed in the order and shall be one of the conditions indicated in Table 2.
6.2.2 Surface conditions
The surface condition and the tolerance classes on bright steel products shall conform with Table 3.
One of the classes written in brackets can be agreed at the time of enquiry and order if requested by the
purchaser.
6.3 Traceability of the cast
Each product shall be traceable to the cast, see Clause 10.
7 Requirements
7.1 General
Combination of usual treatment conditions at the time of delivery and requirements concerning
chemical composition and mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
In addition to this document, the general technical delivery requirements of ISO 404 shall apply.
Further steel grades are suitable for manufacturing bright products listed in other standards, e.g.
ISO 15510. They can also be used, but in this case the mechanical properties shall be agreed at the time
of enquiry and order.
7.2 Chemical composition
The chemical composition of the steels determined by the cast analysis, shall conform to ISO 16143-2
and ISO 4955. The grades and the chemical composition of the steels are also listed for information in
this document, see Annex A.
Permissible deviations between the limiting values for cast analysis and the values for product analysis
are given in the corresponding table of ISO 16143-2 and ISO 4955. The product analysis shall be carried
out when specified at the time of enquiry and order (see C.6).
7.3 Mechanical properties
For steels ordered in one of the treatment conditions in Table 2, the requirements for mechanical
properties specified in Tables 5 to 7 apply (except for stainless steel bars ordered in condition +2D for
which the mechanical properties are to be found in ISO 16143-2 and ISO 4955). The mechanical property
values given in Tables 5 to 7 apply to test pieces that have been taken and prepared in accordance with
Figure 1.
For stainless steel bars which are intentionally cold work hardened in order to increase their 0,2-proof
strength to a specific level, the mechanical properties at room temperature as specified in Table 8 apply.
For these products, the mechanical properties are prime, with the condition a secondary property.
An impact test shall be performed for peeled/turned bars if mentioned in the tables of mechanical
+ +
properties. For cold drawn bars (+2H, +2H 2G. +2H 2P), requirements on impact tests can normally
not be performed since there are no reference values, unless impact test and Charpy values are agreed
at the time of enquiry and order. Additional requirements concerning the impact energy and the
verification at temperatures other than room temperature (0 °C, –20 °C and –40 °C) can be agreed at
the time of enquiry and order.
7.4 Internal soundness
Where appropriate, requirements relating to the internal soundness of the products shall be agreed at
the time of enquiry and order (see C.3).
7.5 Shape, dimensions and tolerances
The tolerance class on thickness (and width for flats) shall conform with the requirements agreed at
the time of enquiry and order and shall be in accordance with Table 3. If there is no agreement on the
tolerance class, the bright products are delivered with the standard tolerance class given in Table 3. The
tolerance class and the corresponding tolerances are given in Table 9 for rounds, squares and hexagons
and in Table 10 for drawn flats. Where specified by the purchaser at the time of enquiry and order, the
disposition tolerances specified in Table 9 shall be in accordance with C.4.
Unless otherwise agreed at the time of enquiry and order, the length and the tolerance on length shall
be as specified in Table 11.
Maximum deviation from 'ovality' shall be not more than half the specified tolerance range and in any
case never above the upper limit of the tolerance. Any requirements concerning out of shape may be
agreed at the time of enquiry and order together with the measurement method.
For the evaluation of straightness, automatic methods can be used at the discretion of the manufacturer.
Where specified at the time of enquiry and order and in cases of dispute, an agreed number of bars
shall be evaluated for straightness in accordance with one of the methods specified in Annex D. The
tolerances specified in Tables 12 and 13 shall apply.
Non-round bars (i.e. square, hexagon and flat) in widths ≤150 mm may have an undefined profile within
a distance of 0,2 mm of the hypothetical edge and flats in widths >150 mm within a distance of 0,5 mm,
unless otherwise agreed. For widths >150 mm, sharp corners can specifically be ordered.
7.6 Surface quality
Bright products shall have a smooth, scale free surface. Bright products in the final heat-treated
condition shall be free from loose surface scale; their surface might be discoloured or darker. For
hexagons, squares, flats and profiles with special cross-sections, one cannot achieve – for manufacturing
reasons – the same quality of surface finish as for round cross-sections.
Since surface discontinuities (cracks, overlapping, scale, isolated pores, pits, grooves, etc.) cannot be
completely avoided during manufacturing (hot and cold forming, heat treatments, handling and storage)
and since they are retained when drawing, agreements shall be made regarding surface quality. The
surface quality of the products shall be one of the classes in accordance with Table 4.
Cold drawn bars are normally delivered in class 1, while peeled/turned bars as well as ground/polished
bars are delivered in class 3. Different classes may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
For flats, squares in sizes greater than 20 mm and hexagons in sizes greater than 50 mm, the maximum
possible depth of surface discontinuities shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
NOTE Where automatic testing of the surface is applied, 50 mm of each end of the bar is not normally
covered.
Surface defects cannot be eliminated without removal of material. Products in the 'technically crack
free by manufacture' condition are only available in the peeled/turned and/or ground conditions.
8 Inspection
8.1 Testing procedures and types of documents
8.1.1 Products conforming with this document shall be ordered and delivered with one of the
inspection documents specified in ISO 10474. The type of document shall be agreed upon at the time of
enquiry and order. If the order does not contain any specification of this type, a test report 2.2 shall be
issued.
8.1.2 If, in accordance with the agreements made at the time of enquiry and order, a test report 2.2
must be provided, this shall cover the following information:
a) confirmation that the material complies with the requirements of the order;
b) results of the cast analysis for all elements specified for the steel type concerned.
8.1.3 If, in accordance with the agreements in the order, an inspection certificate 3.1 or 3.2 to
ISO 10474 is to be provided, the specific inspections and tests described in 8.3 and Clause 9 shall be
carried out and the results shall be confirmed in the inspection certificate.
In addition, the inspection certificate shall cover:
a) confirmation that the material complies with the requirements of the order;
b) results of the cast analysis for all elements specified for the steel type concerned;
c) the result of all inspections and tests ordered by supplementary requirements (see Annex C);
d) the symbol letters or numbers relating the inspection certificate, test pieces and products to each
other.
8.2 Frequency of testing
The amount of testing, the sampling conditions and the test methods to be applied for the verification of
the requirements shall be in accordance with the prescriptions of Table 1.
Table 1 — Test conditions for the verification of the requirements given in Tables 5 to 8
Amount of testing
Sampling
a b
Test unit Number of Test method
No. Requirements and sample
to be used
samples per tests per
preparation
test unit sample
The cast analysis is given by the See list
1 Chemical composition C manufacturer (m); for product ISO 14284 in ISO/
c
analysis, see C.7 (o) TR 9769
2 Mechanical properties
Cold drawn or peeled
2.1 C+D 1 1 tensile (m)
and heat treated
d
Tensile test
Annealed and cold
ISO 6892-1
2.2 C+D+T 1 1 tensile (m)
ISO 377
drawn or peeled
Impact test
Solution annealed,
ISO 148-1
1 tensile (m)
quenched and tempered
2.3 C+D+T 1 and
and cold drawn or
f
3 CVN (o)
peeled
e
3 Hardness
Brinell hard-
3.1 Heat-treated and peeled C+D+T 1 1 (m)
ISO 6506-1 ness test
Heat-treated and cold
ISO 6506-1
3.2 C+D+T 1 1 (m)
drawn
NOTE Verification of the requirements is only necessary if an inspection certificate is ordered.
a
The tests shall be carried out separately for each cast as indicated by 'C', each dimension as indicated by 'D', and each
heat-treatment batch as indicated by 'T'. Products with different thickness may be grouped if the differences in thickness
do not affect the properties.
b
Tests marked with an “m” (mandatory) shall be carried out as specific tests. In all cases, those marked with an “o”
(optional) shall be carried out as specific tests only if agreed at ordering.
c
For routine testing, other methods are also available (e.g. spectrographic).
d
In cases of dispute, the tensile test shall be carried out on proportional test pieces having a gauge length of L = 5,65 √
S , where S is the original cross-section area.
0 0
e
Unless otherwise agreed at the order, the manufacturer shall decide whether to use the tensile test or hardness test. In
the case of dispute the tensile test shall be done.
f
For nominal thickness ≥16 mm, standard test pieces 10 mm x 10 mm shall be machined. For thicknesses <16 mm, the
test shall only be done if test pieces with reduced widths and Charpy-V-notch (CVN) values are agreed at the time of enquiry
and order.
8.3 Specific inspection and testing
8.3.1 Verification of the mechanical properties
For steels ordered in one of the process routes in Table 2, the mechanical properties shall be verified.
For martensitic and precipitation-hardening (see Table 7) ordered in the annealed condition, the
requirements given for the quenched and tempered condition (+QT) is only to be verified if the
supplementary requirement specified in C.2 is ordered.
8.3.2 Visual and dimensional inspection
A sufficient number of products shall be inspected to ensure the compliance with the specification.
Dimensional inspection shall be carried out as follows:
a) for bars in manufacturing or stock length: not less than 150 mm from the end of the bar;
b) for bars cut to length: not less than 10 mm from the end of the bar.
If agreed at the time of enquiry and order, dimensional inspection shall be done for bars in manufacturing
or stock length for nominal diameter > 100 mm, not less than 250 mm from both ends of the bar.”
9 Test methods
9.1 Chemical analysis
The choice of a suitable physical or chemical analytical method for the analysis shall be at the discretion
of the manufacturer. In cases of dispute, the method for product analysis used shall be agreed taking
into account the relevant existing International Standards.
The list of available International Standards on chemical analysis is given in ISO/TR 9769.
9.2 Mechanical tests
9.2.1 Tensile test and hardness test
The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 6892-1.
Unless otherwise agreed, the tensile strength, the 0,2 %-proof strength and elongation after fracture
shall be determined. If a tensile test at elevated temperature has been ordered, this shall be carried out
in accordance with ISO 6892-2.
The Brinell hardness test (only for martensitic and precipitation hardening steels) shall be carried out
in accordance with ISO 6506-1.
9.2.2 Impact test
The Charpy-V-notch (CVN) impact test shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 148-1.
The average values of a set of three test pieces shall be equal to or greater than the specified value. One
individual value may be below the specified value, provided that it is not less than 70 % of that value.
If these conditions are not satisfied, additional tests can be done according to ISO 404 on the assessment
of results of sequential tests.
9.3 Verification of dimensions
The ovality shall be carried out by the two-point measuring method. Other methods shall be agreed at
the time of enquiry and order.
9.4 Retests
Retests and criteria should be as specified in ISO 404.
10 Marking
The manufacturer shall mark the products or the bundles or boxes containing the products in a suitable
way, so that the identification of the cast, the steel type and the origin of the delivery is possible (see C.7).
a
Table 2 — Types of process routes, surface finish and requirements for stainless steels
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Chemical Mechani-
Type of pro- Sym-
b
1 Surface finish Remarks composi- cal proper-
b
cess route bol
tion ties
On products formed by
cold drawing with-
out subsequent heat
c
Heat treated , Smooth and matt
treatment, the tensile
mechanically or bright. Substan-
strength is substantially
Cold or chemically tially smoother See
increased, particularly
2 pro- descaled or +2H than finishes 1E, Tables 5, 6,
in austenitic materials,
cessed rough ma- 1D or 1X. Not free 7 and 8
depending on the degree
chined, cold of surface imper-
of forming. The surface
d
processed , fections.
hardness may be higher
than the centre hard-
ness.
This finish allows
Smooth and matt the restoration of the
or bright. Smooth- mechanical properties See
Finish +2H,
er than finishes 1E after cold processing. ISO 16143-
c
3 heat treated , +2D
or 1D. Not free of Products with good 2 and
pickled
surface imperfec- ductility (cold heading) ISO 4955
tions. and specific magnetic
properties.
Products used in their See
present condition or ISO 16143-
intended for better 2 and
finishing. In products ISO 4955,
c
Heat treated ,
formed by cold drawing for infor-
mechanically
without subsequent heat mation see
or chemically Smoother, uniform
treatment, the tensile Table A.1
descaled or and bright. Bright- See
strength is substantially
4 rough ma- +2B er than finishes Tables 5, 6
increased, particularly
chined, cold 1E, 1D or 1X. Free and 7
in austenitic materials,
d
processed , of surface defects
depending on the degree
mechanically
of cold processing. The
e
smoothed
surface hardness may be
higher than the centre
hardness. Pre-finish for
close ISO-tolerances.
a
Not all process routes and surface finishes are available for all steels.
b
First digit, 1 = hot formed (see ISO 16143-2 and ISO 4955), 2 = cold processed.
c
On ferritic, austenitic and austenitic-ferritic grades, the heat treatment may be omitted if the conditions for hot forming
and subsequent cooling are such that the requirements for the mechanical properties of the product and the resistance to
intergranular corrosion are obtained.
d
The type of cold processing, e.g. cold drawing, peeling/turning or centreless grinding, is left to the manufacturer’s
discretion, provided that the requirements concerning tolerances on dimensions and surface roughness are respected.
e
The type of mechanical polishing (abrading) is left to the manufacturer's discretion unless otherwise agreed.
f
The type of specular polishing (electro-polishing, felting, buffing…) is left to the manufacturer's discretion unless
otherwise agreed.
TTabablele 2 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Cold
Finishes
pro-
+2H, +2D or Finish for close ISO-tol-
cessed
+2B, centre- Smooth, uniform erances (see Table 3). See finishes
with
5 less ground, +2G and bright. Free of Unless otherwise agreed +2H, +2D
special
mechanically surface defects the surface roughness and +2B
fin-
smoothed shall be Ra ≤ 1,2.
ishing
f
(optional)
process
Finish for close ISO-tol-
Smoother and
Finishes +2H, erances (see Table 3). See finishes
brighter than
6 +2D or +2B, +2P Surface roughness can +2H, +2D
finish +2G. Free of
polished be specified at the time and +2B
surface defects.
of enquiry and order.
a
Not all process routes and surface finishes are available for all steels.
b
First digit, 1 = hot formed (see ISO 16143-2 and ISO 4955), 2 = cold processed.
c
On ferritic, austenitic and austenitic-ferritic grades, the heat treatment may be omitted if the conditions for hot forming
and subsequent cooling are such that the requirements for the mechanical properties of the product and the resistance to
intergranular corrosion are obtained.
d
The type of cold processing, e.g. cold drawing, peeling/turning or centreless grinding, is left to the manufacturer’s
discretion, provided that the requirements concerning tolerances on dimensions and surface roughness are respected.
e
The type of mechanical polishing (abrading) is left to the manufacturer's discretion unless otherwise agreed.
f
The type of specular polishing (electro-polishing, felting, buffing…) is left to the manufacturer's discretion unless
otherwise agreed.
Table 3 — Surface condition and tolerance class at delivery
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
a
Tolerance class to ISO 286-2
Surface
1 condition at Symbol
Hexa- Drawn Special
Rounds Squares Notes
delivery
gons flats sections
'Cold processed' h11 for d ≤ 80 mm,
h10 h11, h12,
c
or 'heat-treated h12 for d > 80 mm
b
2 +2H (h9 to h12) see – See Table 2, line 2
and cold pro- (h11 or h12);
see Table 9 Table 10
cessed' see Table 9
'Cold drawn
and heat treat- Finish for good
h11
b b
3 ed' or 'heat +2D – – – – ductility see
see Table 9
treated and Table 2, line 3
peeled/turned'
h10
4 Peeled/turned +2B (h9 to h12) – – – – See Table 2, line 4
see Table 9
h9 Obtained e.g.
5 Ground +2G (h6 to h10) – – – – from conditions
see Table 9 Table 2, line 5
h9 Obtained e.g.
6 Polished +2P (h6 to h12) – – – – from conditions
see Table 9 Table 2, line 6
a
Standard tolerance classes unless otherwise specified. In brackets: other possible tolerance classes according to
ISO 286-2 if required at the time of enquiry and order.
b
To be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
c
If squares above 100 mm thickness are agreed, the tolerance class shall be js15 in accordance with ISO 286-2.
Table 4 — Surface quality classes
Class
Condition
1 2 3 4
max. 0,3 mm for max. 0,2 mm for
max. 0,3 mm for t ≤ 15 mm; max. 0,02t t ≤ 20 mm; max. 0,01t technically crack
Permissible depth
t ≤ 15 mm; max. 0,02t for 15 < t ≤ 75 mm for 20 < t ≤ 75 mm; free by manufac-
of discontinuities
e
for 15 < t ≤ 100 mm max. 1,5 mm for max. 0,75 mm for turer
t > 75 mm t > 75 mm
Maximum percent-
age of delivered
weight with discon- 4 % 1 % 1 % 0,2 %
tinuities in excess
of specified level
a
Product form
Rounds + + + +
c
Squares + + (for t ≤ 20 mm) - -
c
Hexagons + + (for t ≤ 50 mm) - -
b
Flats + - - -
d
Special sections + - - -
t : nominal thickness that means diameter of bars and distance across flats of squares and hexagons.
a
+ indicates available in these classes, - indicates not commonly available in these classes.
b
Maximum depth of discontinuities refers to respective section (width or thickness).
c
Crack detection with eddy current device not possible for t > 20 mm or t > 50 mm as indicated.
d
Reference dimensions to be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
e
The surface quality class shall be better than class 3. The requirements and the kind of verification shall be agreed at
the time of enquiry and order.
a
Table 5 — Mechanical properties for bright bars of solution annealed austenitic and
b, c
austenitic-ferritic stainless steels in conditions +2H, +2B, +2G and +2P
Steel designation Mechanical properties
Thickness e
A KV
5 2
R
p0,2
d % J
R
t
m
Name ISO number MPa
min. min.
MPa
mm
min.
(long.) (tr.) (long.) (tr.)
Austenitic grades
a
Lower dimensions are usually cold drawn and higher dimensions are usually peeled.
b
Including cut lengths from wire.
c
Initial solution treatment may be omitted if the conditions for previous hot-working and subsequent cooling have been
such that the requirements for the mechanical properties of the product and the resistance to intergranular corrosion as
defined in ISO 3651-2 are obtained. For further information, see ISO 16143-2.
d
Width across flats for hexagons.
e
Elongation is valid only for dimensions of 5 mm and above. For smaller diameters, the minimum elongation shall be
agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order.
f
In the range 1 mm ≤ t < 5 mm valid only for rounds. The mechanical properties of non-round bars with thicknesses <5 mm
shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
TTabablele 5 5 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Steel designation Mechanical properties
Thickness e
A KV
5 2
R
p0,2
d % J
R
t
m
Name ISO number MPa
min. min.
MPa
mm
min.
(long.) (tr.) (long.) (tr.)
f
≤10 400 600 to 930 25 - - -
10 < t ≤ 16 380 600 to 930 25 - - -
16 < t ≤ 40 175 500 to 830 30 - 100 -
4307–304–
X2CrNi18–9
03-I
40 < t ≤ 63 175 500 to 830 30 - 100 -
63 < t ≤ 160 175 500 to 700 45 - 100 -
160 < t ≤ 250 175 500 to 700 - 35 - 60
f
≤ 10 400 600 to 950 15 - - -
10 < t ≤ 16 400 600 to 950 15 - - -
4305–303–
X10CrNiS18–9 16 < t ≤ 40 190 500 to 850 20 - - -
00-I
40 < t ≤ 63 190 500 to 850 20 - - -
63 < t ≤ 160 190 500 to 750 35 - - -
f
≤10 400 600 to 850 25 - - -
10 < t ≤ 16 340 600 to 850 25 - - -
X3Cr- 4567-304-
16 <
...