ISO 13577-1:2016
(Main)Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 13577-1:2016 the general safety requirements common to industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment (TPE). ISO 13577-1:2016 deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to TPE, as listed in Annex A, when TPE is used as intended and also under conditions of misuse that are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. Annex B provides a list of common industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment. This document specifies the requirements intended to be met by the manufacturer to ensure the safety of persons and property during commissioning, start-up, operation, shut-down, maintenance periods and dismantling, as well as in the event of foreseeable faults or malfunctions that can occur in the equipment. These general safety requirements apply to all TPE, unless an exception is given in other parts of ISO 13577 dealing with specific equipment. The provisions of other parts of ISO 13577 that directly apply to specific types of TPE take precedence over the provisions of this document. ISO 13577-1:2016 is not applicable to blast furnaces, converters (in steel plants), boilers or equipment not covered under ISO 12100.
Fours industriels et équipements associés — Sécurité — Partie 1: Exigences générales
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Standards Content (Sample)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 13577-1
ISO/TC 244 Secretariat: JISC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2015-04-23 2015-07-23
Industrial furnaces and associated processing
equipment — Safety —
Part 1:
General requirements
Fours industriels et équipements associés — Sécurité —
Partie 1: Exigences générales
ICS: 13.100; 25.180.01
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
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ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
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ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.1.1 Requirements . 2
4.1.2 General design and construction requirements . 2
4.2 Mechanical safety. 4
4.2.1 General. 4
4.2.2 Crushing . 5
4.2.3 Shearing . 5
4.2.4 Entanglement. 5
4.2.5 Drawing-in. 5
4.2.6 Impact . 5
4.2.7 High-pressure fluid ejection . 6
4.2.8 Ejection of parts . 6
4.2.9 Slip/trip . 6
4.2.10 Falls . 6
4.2.11 Transport . 6
4.3 Electrical safety . 6
4.3.1 Electrical equipment of TPE . 6
4.3.2 Electroheat installations/equipment . 7
4.4 Thermal and cryogenic safety . 7
4.4.1 General. 7
4.4.2 Contact with hot/cold surfaces . 7
4.4.3 Fire/explosion . 8
4.4.4 Ejection of hot particles, work pieces and process liquids . 9
4.4.5 Thermal stress and other physiological effects . 9
4.5 Noise . 9
4.5.1 General. 9
4.5.2 Interference with communications .10
4.6 Vibration .10
4.7 Radiation safety .10
4.7.1 General.10
4.7.2 Non-ionizing radiation . .10
4.7.3 Ionizing radiation .11
4.8 Materials and substances processed, used or exhausted .11
4.8.1 General.11
4.8.2 Harmful by-products .11
4.8.3 Fire/explosion .11
4.9 Ergonomics .12
4.10 Hazard combination .12
4.10.1 General.12
4.11 Malfunction .12
4.11.1 Failure of power supply and auxiliary fluids .12
4.11.2 Errors of fitting/assembly during installation .12
4.11.3 Effect of malfunction of control system/component safety devices .12
4.12 Missing and incorrectly fitted safety devices .13
4.12.1 General.13
4.12.2 Power supply disconnection devices .13
ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
5 Verification .13
6 Information for use .16
6.1 General requirements .16
6.2 Location and nature of the information for use .17
6.3 Signals and warning devices .17
6.3.1 General.17
6.3.2 Marking .18
6.3.3 Personnel protection .18
6.3.4 Warning signs .18
6.4 Instruction handbook(s)/installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance, and de-
commissioning manual(s) .18
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards.20
Annex B (informative) List of common industrial furnaces and
associatedprocessing equipment .29
Annex C (informative) Typical test report .33
Annex D (informative) Work-permit authorization .35
Annex E (normative) Requirements specific to Japan .36
Annex F (normative) Requirements specific to the USA .38
Annex G (normative) Requirements specific to the EU and associated countries .40
Annex H (normative) Requirements specific to Canada .42
Bibliography .43
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 244, Industrial furnaces and associated
processing equipment.
ISO 13577 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial furnaces and associated
processing equipment — Safety:
Part 1: General requirements
Part 2: Combustion and fuel handling systems
Part 3: Generation and use of protective and reactive gases
Part 4: Protective systems
Part 11: Requirements for machinery and equipment for production of steel by electric arc furnaces
ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or -B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the
other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this
type-C standard.
Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment (TPE) generally consists of the following
components:
processing chambers (e.g. steel construction with lining or without lining);
heating systems;
protective system;
control and instrumentation system/operator-control level.
This part of ISO 13577 gives additional requirements for TPE in certain countries or regions. When
applying the requirements specific to a country or region, which are given in the relevant annexes,
it is essential that a level of safety be ensured that is at least equivalent to that provided for by the
requirements of the main body of this part of ISO 13577.
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
Industrial furnaces and associated processing
equipment — Safety —
Part 1:
General requirements
1 Scope
This part of ISO 13577 specifies the general safety requirements common to industrial furnaces and
associated processing equipment (TPE).
This part of ISO 13577 deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
relevant to TPE that are listed in Annex A, when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse
which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
Annex B provides a list of common industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment.
This part of ISO 13577 specifies the requirements intended to be met by the manufacturer to ensure
the safety of persons and property during commissioning, start-up, operation, shut-down, maintenance
periods and dismantling, as well as in the event of foreseeable faults or malfunctions which can occur
in the equipment.
These general safety requirements apply to all TPE, unless an exception in other parts of ISO 13577
dealing with specific equipment. The provisions of other parts of ISO 13577 that directly apply to
specific types of TPE take precedence over the provisions of this part of ISO 13577.
This part of ISO 13577 is not applicable to blast furnaces, converters (in steel plants), boilers or equipment
not covered under ISO 12100.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13574, Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment — Vocabulary
ISO 13732-1, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human responses to
contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces
ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design
ISO 13854, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
ISO 14119, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design
and selection
ISO 14120, Safety of machinery ― Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed
and movable guards
ISO 14122-2, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways
ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
ISO 14122-3, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs, stepladders
and guard-rails
IEC 60079-0, Explosive atmospheres — Part 0: Equipment — General requirements
IEC 60204-1:2009, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60364-4-41, Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 4-41: Protection for safety — Protection
against electric shock
IEC 60364-4-43, Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 4-43: Protection for safety — Protection
against overcurrent
IEC 60364-4-44, Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 4-44: Protection for safety — Protection
against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances
IEC 60364-5-53, Electrical installations of buildings — Part 5-53: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment - Isolation, switching and control
IEC 60519 (all parts), Safety in electroheat installations
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products — Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 62598, Nuclear instrumentation — Constructional requirements and classification of radiometric gauges
EN 1547, Industrial thermoprocessing equipment — Noise test code for industrial thermoprocessing
equipment including its ancillary handling equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and ISO 13574 apply.
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
4.1 General
4.1.1 Requirements
The TPE shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures and be verified in
accordance with Clause 5. In addition, the TPE shall be designed in accordance with the principles of
ISO 12100 for hazards relevant, but not significant, which are dealt with by this part of ISO 13577.
Anticipated significant hazards are listed in Table A.1.
For ease of reference, Table A.1 also indicates the corresponding preventive measures and should be
used in conjunction with Clauses 4, 5 and 6.
Where particular requirements of the other parts of ISO 13577 apply, they shall supplement or modify
these general safety requirements.
For regional requirements, see Annexes E, F and G.
4.1.2 General design and construction requirements
The manufacturer shall maintain evidence that all safety requirements of the design have been fulfilled.
The structural assembly, steel sections, auxiliaries and services (utilities) which form part of the TPE
shall be stable, suitable for function and the intended use.
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
In particular, the design shall include solutions and constructional details relating to:
static stability of the TPE, including structures intended for containing the processed materials and the
materials entering and leaving the TPE;
accessibility;
maintenance and cleaning clearances;
movement of material and machinery;
safety in operation;
health and safety at the workplace;
protection against fire and prevention of explosion;
emissions from the process;
protection against earthquakes where seismic intensity exceeds 325 gal, as determined by the seismic zone.
Cut-off, regulating and measuring devices, pipework and tanks carrying or containing fluids, which are
likely to solidify and/or have high viscosity, shall be protected against the effects of solidification and
subsequent blockage.
If internal parts of the TPE require frequent inspection, they shall be either provided with lighting appropriate
to the structure and the nature of the process or the user shall be advised to install suitable lighting.
The design of the TPE and the action of the regulating and safety devices shall prevent:
a) unintended release of flammable or hazardous fluids to the outside of the TPE;
b) a backflow of flammable or hazardous fluids to pipes not intended for such fluids;
c) flashback in the pipework.
The safety devices shall:
be suitable for the range of adjustment required for the regulation of the TPE;
not cause one device inadvertently to over-ride another.
Safety devices shall be fitted in such a manner that they are accessible and protected against harmful
effects. In particular, they shall withstand continuous operation in the area in which they are to be
used. Auxiliary fluids, such as lubricants, dielectric, diathermic and dynamic fluids, shall be selected to
minimize the hazard of their products of combustion resulting from a fire.
Drains that form part of the TPE shall discharge into a suitably isolated sump. Means shall be provided
for the collection and removal of such discharges.
Pipework distribution systems forming part of the TPE shall be designed to withstand corrosion.
Pipework distribution systems, which form part of the equipment and can become dangerous if
subjected to extreme temperatures or pressures, wide variations in temperature or pressures, or
voltage, shall be marked.
4.1.2.1 Stability
The TPE structures shall be designed to withstand their static and dynamic loads. The TPE shall be
designed for normal and foreseeable accidental thermal static and dynamic working stresses, including
those resulting from overpressurization or operation below atmospheric pressure.
ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
The design shall also take account of vibration, wind pressure, impact and other foreseeable external
forces, including earthquakes.
4.1.2.2 Access
All parts of the TPE to which personnel require to have access for operation and maintenance shall be
served by adequate means of access, preferably fixed. Stairways, platforms and service floors shall be
safe and shall be equipped with adequate safeguards (see 4.2.11). Inspection and service floors of the TPE
shall be safe, well lit, well ventilated, protected against heat radiation and be fire-resistant (see 4.4.3.1).
Account shall be taken of the need for emergency escape routes to avoid the trapping of personnel in the
event of hazardous situations (such as fire or the build up of toxic gases).
4.1.2.3 Roofs and covers
Where the roofs or covers of TPE (e.g. ceramic kilns or melting TPE) have been designed to be walked
on, they shall be accessible by a safe means.
Roofs or covers, to which access is not intended, shall be marked and designated as not accessible or
shall be adequately guarded to prevent access.
Roofs or covers, which have to be walked on for operating, maintenance and inspection purposes and
which are more than 1 m above floor level, shall be accessible through safe ascents and shall be fitted
with railings to prevent falls. Where the heat source is located in the roof, for example in the ceramics
or glass industry, one escape route shall be available in front of, and one behind, the firing zone, one of
which shall be a stairway. For design requirements, see 4.1.3.4.
4.1.2.4 Access channels and stairs
In general, the design of access channels and stairs shall be in accordance with ISO 14122-2 and
ISO 14122-3. For channels intended for repair purposes below tunnel furnaces or kilns the unobstructed
passage way shall be at least 1,80 m high by 0,70 m wide, and be accessible through two stairways, one
of which shall be in front of, and the other behind, the firing zone. If the stairways are in the area of the
firing zone, emergency exits shall be available in front of, and behind, the firing zone.
4.2 Mechanical safety
4.2.1 General
The design shall be such as to avoid injury by movement of machinery parts of TPE, by crushing, shearing,
entanglement, drawing-in or impact. It shall also prevent hazardous situations arising where high pressure
fluids are used or where parts of TPE and processed material are liable to be ejected. The stability of the
TPE during operation and the safety of the access areas around the TPE shall also be considered.
Where the construction of the TPE includes
corners and projections,
passages of reduced height,
manhole covers, drains, etc.
they shall be protected and marked in such a way as to minimize the hazard.
Emergency stop devices shall be in accordance with ISO 13850.
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ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
4.2.2 Crushing
The design shall incorporate means to minimize hazard to personnel arising from:
— movement of materials and machinery;
— automation;
— suspended loads;
— falling materials;
— moving parts.
All moving machinery which can present a hazard shall be guarded wherever practicable. Where
guarding is not practicable, audible and/or visual signals shall be provided. Strategically positioned
emergency stop shall be provided to stop potentially hazardous moving machinery.
Guarding, where provided, shall comply with ISO 14119 and ISO 14120.
Any traversing part of the TPE or material carried by it shall not be closer to any fixed structure than the
safety distance requirements given in ISO 13854.
The design of the TPE shall take account of the minimum distance requirement. See ISO 13854, ISO 13857,
ISO 15534-1 and/or ISO 15534-2.
4.2.3 Shearing
Where possible, shear traps shall be eliminated by:
a) filling the gaps or reducing the maximum clearance between the moving parts, such that parts of
the body cannot enter the gap;
b) increasing the minimum clearance between the shearing parts, such that parts of the body can
enter the gap safely (see ISO 13854 and ISO 15534-1).
Where it is not possible to avoid the creation of a shear trap, adequate guarding shall be used (see
ISO 14119 and ISO 14120).
Means shall be provided to prevent unintentional closure or opening of moving parts (e.g. doors,
conveyors and elevators) during operation and maintenance.
4.2.4 Entanglement
Design measures shall be taken, or suitable guards shall be provided, to prevent entanglement by
rotating shafts, conveyors and transmission machinery (see ISO 14120).
4.2.5 Drawing-in
Design measures shall be taken, or suitable guards shall be provided, to avoid drawing-in (see ISO 14120).
4.2.6 Impact
NOTE Impact hazards are caused by objects which act against the inertia of the body but do not penetrate.
The speed, force or torque, and inertia of the moving parts shall be kept to a minimum by the designer, in
order to reduce the possibility of injury. Where this is not practicable, adequate guarding or safety devices
shall be provided. Where guarding or safety devices cannot be provided, a perimeter fence shall be provided.
ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
4.2.7 High-pressure fluid ejection
In order to minimize the risk of injury caused by the ejection of fluids, such as compressed air, steam and
high pressure hydraulic oil or water:
— all components within the system shall be operated within their manufacturer’s specifications and
all parts of the system shall be protected against overpressure;
— verification of leak tightness shall be achieved by pressure testing to at least the intended
operating pressure;
— any pressure relief device shall be verified by testing in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
Piping should be permanent. Where the use of flexible hoses is unavoidable, equipment suitable for the
most arduous duty and operating conditions likely to be experienced shall be used. If flexible hoses
are used for hydraulic oil, they shall be shielded from ignition sources (e.g. hot surfaces). Replacement
intervals shall be defined in the instruction handbook.
NOTE For fuel gases and liquid fuel, ISO 13577-2 specifies requirements for piping including flexible tubing.
4.2.8 Ejection of parts
In order to minimize the risk that a body can be crushed or penetrated by material or parts of the
equipment ejected unexpectedly or accidentally, adequate guarding shall be provided (see ISO 14120).
4.2.9 Slip/trip
Working platforms shall be designed so as to provide a level standing space of adequate size, with a firm
foothold. Walkways shall be made from materials which remain as slip resistant as practicable under
working conditions, and suitable guard rails, posts and toe boards shall be provided.
Where necessary, a fixed access ladder with handholds or a stairway with handrails or some other
suitable means shall be provided to give safe and convenient access to all equipment needing adjustment,
lubrication or maintenance.
4.2.10 Falls
Where the design of the TPE or the movement of TPE requires floor openings which can constitute a
hazard, automatic guards, safety warning devices (see 6.3) or barriers shall be provided.
4.2.11 Transport
Where applicable, TPE shall be designed for transport. Instructions for transport shall be provided.
4.3 Electrical safety
4.3.1 Electrical equipment of TPE
4.3.1.1 General
Electrical equipment of any TPE located in the same unit(s) up to the defined TPE limits shall be suitable
for their function and intended use. A risk assessment shall be done for each emergency condition and
the results shall determine the action to take on the electrical energy supply to the TPE.
Electrical equipment of TPE shall be in accordance with IEC 60204-1:2009. Where the requirements of
Protective system specified in ISO 13577-4 apply, the requirement to meet IEC 62061 and/or ISO 13849
in 9.4.1 of IEC 60204-1:2009 is not applicable.
6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
The functional requirements to which the protective systems according ISO 13577-4 apply are specified
in the other parts of ISO 13577.
For electroheat installations where electrical energy is directly used as the heating energy, see 4.3.2.
Piping conveying flammable fluids shall not be installed in channels, ducts, pipes or trenches carrying
electrical conductors, unless an explosion-proof method is provided in accordance with IEC 60079-0
suitable for the applicable hazardous area.
Where it is necessary during commissioning, pre-commissioning, maintenance or fault-finding
operations to gain access to live parts appropriate interlocks, protection systems or guarding shall be
incorporated (see ISO 14119 and ISO 14120).
Where electrostatic effects can cause loss of normal control and present a hazardous situation, safety
shut-down or stopping devices shall be fitted to those parts of the TPE affected.
Electrical conductors and devices shall not be located in areas affected by the discharge of hot
components, opening, exhausts and vents for hot gases, vapours or fluids.
4.3.1.2 External influences
The TPE shall be designed to minimize hazards resulting from known external influences on the
electrical power, controls and systems.
Disconnection and/or restoration of the electricity supply shall not cancel the safety and interlock conditions.
The electrical control system shall be suitably protected or guarded against mechanical damage from
operations within the TPE environment.
NOTE Such influences can be beyond the boundaries defined within the scope of this part of ISO 13577 and
are intended to be dealt with in contract with/among the supplier, agent importers and/or users of the TPE.
4.3.2 Electroheat installations/equipment
Electroheat installations/equipment as part of TPE under the scope of this standard shall be suitable for
their function and intended use. They shall be in accordance with the relevant parts of IEC 60519.
4.4 Thermal and cryogenic safety
4.4.1 General
The manufacturer shall design the TPE to prevent unintended contact with workpieces, flames, surfaces
or devices, which can be at elevated temperatures or below ambient temperatures.
NOTE Such influences can be beyond the boundaries defined within the scope of this part of ISO 13577 and
are intended to be dealt with in contract with/among the supplier, agent importers and/or users of the TPE.
4.4.2 Contact with hot/cold surfaces
Precautions shall be taken to prevent contact with operating controls at elevated temperature either
accidentally or while operating them.
Where it is not possible, for process reasons or other constraints, to maintain surface temperature at
an appropriate level, steps should be taken to prevent hot operating controls being touched. Wherever
possible this shall be by means of guards complying with ISO 14120.
If these measures are not practicable, areas of elevated temperatures shall be indicated by means of
suitable marking, warning signs, etc. (see 6.4). In addition, attention shall be drawn in the technical
documentation to the presence of such hazards.
ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
Where it is not possible to avoid contact with controls, etc., which are at elevated temperatures,
requirements for protective clothing shall be included in the instruction handbook.
4.4.3 Fire/explosion
4.4.3.1 Fire
TPE shall be designed to minimize the fire hazards due to overheating or inherent in operating at
elevated temperatures of the TPE itself.
The design and construction of the TPE shall prevent the leakage of hot gases, combustion products and
flames, other than via designed flues, vents and doors, etc.
In particular, the following shall be considered:
a) discharge of hot gases or flames from openings;
b) loading and unloading of work pieces.
Where the TPE is heated by gaseous or liquid fuel, the fuel circuits shall be designed to prevent leakage.
In addition, the fuel circuits shall be capable of withstanding foreseeable mechanical damage. Further
guidance for gaseous and liquid fuels is given in ISO 13577-2.
Where hydraulic oil-actuated components are used, piping and hydraulic equipment shall be protected from
overheating. Any oil leakage shall be prevented from reaching hot parts by suitable design and location.
Heat-transfer fluids shall be non-toxic and shall not exceed the maximum temperature specified by the
manufacturer. The humidity and oxygen content in the fluid shall not exceed levels specified by the
manufacturer. These values shall be specified in the instruction handbook.
Where considering the maximum level of the heat-transfer fluid, account shall be taken of its expansion
during normal working conditions. The system shall be fitted with safety vents which are protected
against the ingress of hazardous contaminants (e.g. moisture and air).
Heat-transfer fluid systems shall be provided with a safety device to prevent over-temperature.
Suitable safety devices shall be fitted where any one of the following parameters impact safety:
pressure;
temperature;
level (of fluid);
flow.
For further guidance, see ISO 13577-2.
Where used, fire extinguishing system(s) shall be installed on the TPE at positions where there is
the greatest risk of fire occurring. Particular attention shall be paid to the selection of the type of
extinguisher for use.
4.4.3.2 Explosion
The TPE shall be designed and constructed in such a way as to avoid any risk of explosion posed by the
TPE itself or by gases, liquids, dusts, vapours and other substances produced or used by the TPE.
The design shall incorporate means to avoid the explosive co-existence of a flammable substance and
an oxidizing agent (usually air) within the flammability limits with an ignition source (see ISO 13577-2).
Attention shall be given to work pieces, which are not themselves flammable but which may by design or
otherwise be coated with substances, which can give rise to a flammable mixture.
8 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
Pressure relief(s) from an ignited flammable mixture shall be provided, unless it can be shown that the
mixture cannot exceed 25 % of the lower flammability limit (LFL), the ignited flammable mixture is
safely vented by other means or an ignited flammable mixture is safely contained.
Pressure reliefs shall be positioned such that they are unimpeded, both inside and outside the TPE,
and shall discharge in such a manner that personnel are not subjected to hazards. The strength of the
relief(s) shall be such as to relieve the pressure before serious damage is caused to the TPE.
Where doors are not designed as pressure reliefs, they shall be fastened in such a manner that they
cannot be opened when subjected to an overpressure condition. Doors shall not open other than in their
intended direction.
4.4.4 Ejection of hot particles, work pieces and process liquids
The TPE shall be designed to contain hot particles, work pieces or process liquids within its structure.
Attention shall be paid to the loading/unloading areas. If additional guards or barriers are required,
they shall comply with ISO 14120.
Where liquid metals, oils or salts are being heated, the introduction of moisture into the liquid shall be
avoided.
4.4.5 Thermal stress and other physiological effects
The TPE shall be designed so that the effects of thermal stress on human beings are minimized (see
ISO 7933). An estimation shall be made of temperatures which can be reached in areas to which
operators have access. Preventive measures, such as ventilation and operating booths with cooling,
shall be provided if necessary.
4.5 Noise
4.5.1 General
Because TPE emits noise to a greater or lesser extent, determined in noise-emission values, the equipment
shall be designed and constructed to reduce the risks resulting from the emission of airborne noise.
The TPE shall be designed to minimize the potential noise hazards. To cope with these noise hazards,
preventive measures, in order of preference, are the following:
a) Noise reduction at source, i.e. reduction of noise by design, for example:
— choose low noise burners;
— optimize the burner rating;
— choose low-noise components;
b) Noise abatement by devices, i.e. reduction of noise using, for example:
— baffles for ventilators;
— baffles adjacent to burner(s);
— encasing of pumps;
— silencers;
— noise-absorbing walls and covers (see ISO 11690-2);
— enclosures;
c) Noise abatement at workstation, i.e. reduction of noise using, for instance, a cabin for the operators.
ISO/DIS 13577-1:2015(E)
The TPE shall be designed to reduce the noise generated by the movement of process material.
The measurement and verification of noise emission values shall be in accordance with EN 1547 or a
regional standard.
4.5.2 Interference with communications
The TPE shall be designed to reduce its noise emission so that spoken communications and acoustic
signals, warnings, etc. are audible.
Consideration shall be given to the spectrum of the airborne noise and audible signals as well as the
weighted noise level.
If it is necessary to specify personal hearing protection, the effect of wearing such equipment on
communications shall be considered.
NOTE Visual, instead of audible, communications can be required.
4.6 Vibration
Primary measures shall comprise the reduction of vibration at source.
Where secondary meas
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13577-1
Second edition
2016-09-01
Industrial furnaces and associated
processing equipment — Safety —
Part 1:
General requirements
Fours industriels et équipements associés — Sécurité —
Partie 1: Exigences générales
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
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copyright@iso.org
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ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.1.1 Requirements . 2
4.1.2 General design and construction requirements . 2
4.2 Mechanical safety. 4
4.2.1 General. 4
4.2.2 Crushing . 5
4.2.3 Shearing . 5
4.2.4 Entanglement. 5
4.2.5 Drawing-in. 5
4.2.6 Impact . 5
4.2.7 High-pressure fluid ejection . 6
4.2.8 Ejection of parts . 6
4.2.9 Slip/trip . 6
4.2.10 Falls . 6
4.2.11 Transport . 6
4.3 Electrical safety . 7
4.3.1 Electrical equipment of TPE . 7
4.3.2 Electroheat installations/equipment . 7
4.4 Thermal and cryogenic safety . 8
4.4.1 General. 8
4.4.2 Contact with hot/cold surfaces . 8
4.4.3 Fire/explosion . 8
4.4.4 Ejection of hot particles, work pieces and process liquids . 9
4.4.5 Thermal stress and other physiological effects . 9
4.5 Noise .10
4.5.1 General.10
4.5.2 Interference with communications .10
4.6 Vibration .10
4.7 Radiation safety .11
4.7.1 General.11
4.7.2 Non-ionizing radiation . .11
4.7.3 Ionizing radiation .11
4.8 Materials and substances processed, used or exhausted .12
4.8.1 General.12
4.8.2 Harmful by-products .12
4.8.3 Fire/explosion .12
4.9 Ergonomics .12
4.10 Hazard combination .13
4.11 Malfunction .13
4.11.1 Failure of power supply and auxiliary fluids .13
4.11.2 Errors of fitting/assembly during installation .13
4.11.3 Effect of malfunctions of the control system/component safety devices .13
4.12 Missing and incorrectly fitted safety devices .13
4.12.1 General.13
4.12.2 Power supply disconnection devices .13
5 Verification .14
6 Information for use .16
6.1 General requirements .16
6.2 Location and nature of the information for use .17
6.3 Signals and warning devices .17
6.3.1 General.17
6.3.2 Marking .17
6.3.3 Personnel protection .18
6.3.4 Warning signs .18
6.4 Instruction handbooks/manuals .18
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards.20
Annex B (informative) List of common industrial furnaces and associatedprocessing equipment 29
Annex C (informative) Typical test report .33
Annex D (informative) Work-permit authorization .35
Annex E (informative) Information specific to Japan .37
Annex F (informative) Requirements specific to the USA .38
Annex G (informative) Requirements specific to the EU and associated countries .40
Annex H (informative) Requirements specific to Canada .42
Annex I (informative) Requirements specific to China .43
Bibliography .44
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 244, Industrial furnaces and associated
processing equipment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13577-1:2012), which has been technically
revised. The following changes have been made:
— reconfiguration of the scope (no technical change);
— elimination of the requirements related to the implosion hazard;
— reconfiguration of the requirements related to electrical safety as the following:
— the referenced safety requirements for electrical equipment of industrial furnaces and
associated processing equipment (TPE) are integrated to IEC 60204-1 (referencing IEC 60519
series was eliminated);
— referencing ISO 13577-4 for the requirements of protective systems (safety related control
systems) was introduced;
— independent subclause for the electroheat installations where electrical energy is directly used
as the heating energy was established;
— associated changes were made in Table 1 in regards to the changes in 4.3;
— change of title of regional Annex E from “Requirements specific to Japan” to “Information specific to
Japan” and modification of its content;
— addition of regional Annex H specific to Canada;
— other editorial changes.
A list of all parts in the ISO 13577 series can be found on the ISO website.
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or -B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the
other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this
type-C standard.
Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment (TPE) generally consists of the following
components:
— processing chambers (e.g. steel construction with lining or without lining);
— heating systems;
— protective system;
— control and instrumentation system/operator-control level.
This document gives additional requirements for TPE in certain countries or regions. When applying
the requirements specific to a country or region, which are given in the relevant annexes, it is essential
that a level of safety be ensured that is at least equivalent to that provided for by the requirements of
the main body of this document.
vi © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13577-1:2016(E)
Industrial furnaces and associated processing
equipment — Safety —
Part 1:
General requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies the general safety requirements common to industrial furnaces and associated
processing equipment (TPE).
This document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant
to TPE, as listed in Annex A, when TPE is used as intended and also under conditions of misuse that are
reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
Annex B provides a list of common industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment.
This document specifies the requirements intended to be met by the manufacturer to ensure the safety
of persons and property during commissioning, start-up, operation, shut-down, maintenance periods
and dismantling, as well as in the event of foreseeable faults or malfunctions that can occur in the
equipment.
These general safety requirements apply to all TPE, unless an exception is given in other parts of
ISO 13577 dealing with specific equipment. The provisions of other parts of ISO 13577 that directly
apply to specific types of TPE take precedence over the provisions of this document.
This document is not applicable to blast furnaces, converters (in steel plants), boilers or equipment not
covered under ISO 12100.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13577-2:2014, Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment — Safety — Part 2: Combustion
and fuel handling systems
1)
ISO 13577-3 , Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment — Safety — Part 3: Generation
and use of protective and reactive atmosphere gases
ISO 13577-4, Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment — Safety — Part 4: Protective systems
ISO 13732-1, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human responses to
contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces
ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design
ISO 13854, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/FDIS 13577-3:2016.
ISO 14119, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design and
selection
ISO 14120, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed
and movable guards
ISO 14122-2, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working platforms
and walkways
ISO 14122-3, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs, stepladders
and guard-rails
IEC 60079-0, Explosive atmospheres — Part 0: Equipment — General requirements
IEC 60204-1:2009, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60519 (all parts), Safety in electroheat installations
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products — Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 62598, Nuclear instrumentation — Constructional requirements and classification of radiometric gauges
EN 1547, Industrial thermoprocessing equipment — Noise test code for industrial thermoprocessing
equipment including its ancillary handling equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and ISO 13574 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
4.1 General
4.1.1 Requirements
The TPE shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures described in Clause 4
and shall be verified in accordance with Clause 5. In addition, the TPE shall be designed in accordance
with the principles of ISO 12100 for relevant hazards, but not significant hazards, which are dealt with
by this document.
Anticipated significant hazards are listed in Table A.1.
For ease of reference, Table A.1 also indicates the corresponding preventive measures and should be
used in conjunction with Clauses 4, 5 and 6.
Where particular requirements of the other parts of ISO 13577 apply, they shall supplement or modify
these general safety requirements.
For regional requirements, see Annexes E, F, G, H and I.
4.1.2 General design and construction requirements
The manufacturer shall maintain evidence that all safety requirements of the design have been fulfilled.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
The structural assembly, steel sections, auxiliaries and services (utilities) that form part of the TPE
shall be stable and suitable for function and the intended use.
In particular, the design shall include solutions and constructional details relating to the following:
— static stability of the TPE, including structures intended for containing the processed materials and
the materials entering and leaving the TPE;
— accessibility;
— maintenance and cleaning clearances;
— movement of material and machinery;
— safety in operation;
— health and safety at the workplace;
— protection against fire and prevention of explosion;
— emissions from the process;
— protection against earthquakes where seismic intensity exceeds 325 gal, as determined by the
seismic zone.
Cut-off, regulating and measuring devices, pipework and tanks carrying or containing fluids, which are
likely to solidify and/or have high viscosity, shall be protected against the effects of solidification and
subsequent blockage.
If internal parts of the TPE require frequent inspection, they shall be either provided with lighting
appropriate to the structure and the nature of the process or the user shall be advised to install suitable
lighting.
The design of the TPE and the action of the regulating and safety devices shall prevent
a) unintended release of flammable or hazardous fluids to the outside of the TPE,
b) a backflow of flammable or hazardous fluids to pipes not intended for such fluids, and
c) flashback in the pipework.
The safety devices shall
— be suitable for the range of adjustment required for the regulation of the TPE, and
— not cause one device inadvertently to over-ride another.
Safety devices shall be fitted in such a manner that they are accessible and protected against harmful
effects. In particular, they shall withstand continuous operation in the area in which they are to be
used. Auxiliary fluids, such as lubricants, dielectric, diathermic and dynamic fluids, shall be selected to
minimize the hazard of their products of combustion resulting from a fire.
Drains that form part of the TPE shall discharge into a suitably isolated sump. Means shall be provided
for the collection and removal of such discharges.
Pipework distribution systems forming part of the TPE shall be designed to withstand corrosion.
Pipework distribution systems that form part of the equipment and can become dangerous if subjected
to extreme temperatures or pressures, wide variations in temperature or pressures, or voltage shall
be marked.
4.1.2.1 Stability
The TPE structures shall be designed to withstand their static and dynamic loads. The TPE shall be
designed for normal and foreseeable accidental thermal static and dynamic working stresses, including
those resulting from overpressurization or operation below atmospheric pressure.
The design shall also take account of vibration, wind pressure, impact and other foreseeable external
forces, including earthquakes.
4.1.2.2 Access
All parts of the TPE that need to be accessed by personnel for operation and maintenance shall be
served by adequate means of access, preferably fixed. Stairways, platforms and service floors shall be
safe and shall be equipped with adequate safeguards (see 4.2.10). Inspection and service floors of the
TPE shall be safe, well lit, well ventilated, protected against heat radiation and be fire-resistant (see
4.4.3.1).
Account shall be taken of the need for emergency escape routes to avoid the trapping of personnel in
the event of hazardous situations (such as fire or the buildup of toxic gases).
4.1.2.3 Roofs and covers
Where the roofs or covers of the TPE (e.g. ceramic kilns or melting TPE) have been designed to be
walked on, they shall be accessible by a safe means.
Roofs or covers to which access is not intended shall be marked and designated as not accessible and
shall be adequately guarded to prevent access.
Roofs or covers that have to be walked on for operating, maintenance and inspection purposes and
that are more than 1 m above floor level shall be accessible through safe ascents and shall be fitted
with railings to prevent falls. Where the heat source is located in the roof, for example in the ceramics
or glass industry, one escape route shall be available in front of, and one behind, the firing zone, one of
which shall be a stairway. For design requirements, see 4.1.2.4.
4.1.2.4 Access channels and stairs
In general, the design of access channels and stairs shall be in accordance with ISO 14122-2 and
ISO 14122-3. For channels intended for repair purposes below tunnel furnaces or kilns, the unobstructed
passage way shall be at least 1,80 m high by 0,70 m wide, and shall be accessible through two stairways,
one of which shall be in front of, and the other behind the firing zone. If the stairways are in the area of
the firing zone, emergency exits shall be available in front of, and behind, the firing zone.
4.2 Mechanical safety
4.2.1 General
The design shall be such as to avoid injury by movement of the machinery parts of the TPE, by crushing,
shearing, entanglement, drawing-in or impact. It shall also prevent hazardous situations arising where
high-pressure fluids are used or where parts of the TPE and processed material are liable to be ejected.
The stability of the TPE during operation and the safety of the access areas around the TPE shall also be
considered.
Where the construction of the TPE includes
— corners and projections,
— passages of reduced height, and
— manhole covers, drains, etc.
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
they shall be protected and marked in such a way as to minimize the hazard.
Emergency stop devices shall be in accordance with ISO 13850.
4.2.2 Crushing
The design shall incorporate means to minimize hazard to personnel arising from
— movement of materials and machinery,
— automation,
— suspended loads,
— falling materials, and
— moving parts.
All moving machinery that can present a hazard shall be guarded wherever practicable. Where guarding
is not practicable, audible and/or visual signals shall be provided. Strategically positioned emergency
stop mechanisms shall be provided to stop potentially hazardous moving machinery.
Guarding, where provided, shall comply with ISO 14119 and ISO 14120.
Any traversing part of the TPE or material carried by it shall not be closer to any fixed structure than
the safety distance requirements given in ISO 13854.
The design of the TPE shall take account of the minimum distance requirement. See ISO 13854,
ISO 13857, ISO 15534-1 and/or ISO 15534-2.
4.2.3 Shearing
Where possible, shear traps shall be eliminated by
a) filling the gaps or reducing the maximum clearance between the moving parts, such that parts of
the body cannot enter the gap, and
b) increasing the minimum clearance between the shearing parts, such that parts of the body can
enter the gap safely (see ISO 13854 and ISO 15534-1).
Where it is not possible to avoid the creation of a shear trap, adequate guarding shall be used (see
ISO 14119 and ISO 14120).
Means shall be provided to prevent unintentional closure or opening of moving parts (e.g. doors,
conveyors and elevators) during operation and maintenance.
4.2.4 Entanglement
Design measures shall be taken, or suitable guards shall be provided, to prevent entanglement by
rotating shafts, conveyors and transmission machinery (see ISO 14120).
4.2.5 Drawing-in
Design measures shall be taken, or suitable guards shall be provided, to avoid drawing-in (see
ISO 14120).
4.2.6 Impact
NOTE Impact hazards are caused by objects that act against the inertia of the body but do not penetrate.
The speed, force or torque, and inertia of the moving parts shall be kept to a minimum by the designer,
in order to reduce the possibility of injury. Where this is not practicable, adequate guarding or safety
devices shall be provided. Where guarding or safety devices cannot be provided, a perimeter fence shall
be provided.
4.2.7 High-pressure fluid ejection
In order to minimize the risk of injury caused by the ejection of fluids, such as compressed air, steam
and high-pressure hydraulic oil or water
— all components within the system shall be operated within their manufacturer’s specifications and
all parts of the system shall be protected against overpressure,
— verification of leak tightness shall be achieved by pressure testing to at least the intended operating
pressure, and
— any pressure relief device shall be verified by testing in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
Piping should be permanent. Where the use of flexible hoses is unavoidable, equipment suitable for the
most arduous duty and operating conditions likely to be experienced shall be used. If flexible hoses
are used for hydraulic oil, they shall be shielded from ignition sources (e.g. hot surfaces). Replacement
intervals shall be defined in the instruction handbook.
NOTE For fuel gases and liquid fuel, ISO 13577-2 specifies requirements for piping including flexible tubing.
4.2.8 Ejection of parts
In order to minimize the risk that a body can be crushed or penetrated by material or parts of the
equipment that have been ejected unexpectedly or accidentally, adequate guarding shall be provided
(see ISO 14120).
4.2.9 Slip/trip
Working platforms shall be designed so as to provide a level standing space of adequate size, with a
firm foothold. Walkways shall be made from materials that are as slip resistant as practicable under
working conditions, and suitable guard rails, posts and toe boards shall be provided.
Where necessary, a fixed access ladder with handholds or a stairway with handrails or some
other suitable means shall be provided to give safe and convenient access to all equipment needing
adjustment, lubrication or maintenance.
4.2.10 Falls
Where the design of the TPE or the movement of the TPE requires floor openings that can constitute a
hazard, automatic guards, safety warning devices (see 6.3) or barriers shall be provided.
4.2.11 Transport
Where applicable, TPE shall be designed for transport. Instructions for transport shall be provided.
6 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
4.3 Electrical safety
4.3.1 Electrical equipment of TPE
4.3.1.1 General
Electrical equipment of any TPE located in the same unit(s) up to the defined TPE limits shall be suitable
for their function and intended use. A risk assessment shall be done for each emergency condition and
the results shall determine the action to take on the electrical energy supply to the TPE.
Electrical equipment of TPE shall be in accordance with IEC 60204-1:2009. However, the requirement to
meet IEC 62061 and/or ISO 13849 in IEC 60204-1:2009, 9.4.1 is not applicable where the requirements
of the protective system specified in ISO 13577-4 apply.
The functional requirements to which the protective systems according to ISO 13577-4 apply are
specified in the other parts of ISO 13577.
For electroheat installations where electrical energy is directly used as the heating energy, see 4.3.2.
Piping that conveys flammable fluids shall not be installed in channels, ducts, pipes or trenches carrying
electrical conductors, unless an explosion-proof method is provided in accordance with IEC 60079-0
suitable for the applicable hazardous area.
Where it is necessary during commissioning, pre-commissioning, maintenance or fault-finding
operations to gain access to live parts appropriate interlocks, protection systems or guarding shall be
incorporated (see ISO 14119 and ISO 14120).
Where electrostatic effects can cause loss of normal control and present a hazardous situation, safety
shut-down or stopping devices shall be fitted to those parts of the TPE affected.
Electrical conductors and devices shall not be located in areas affected by the discharge of hot
components or openings, exhausts and vents for hot gases, vapours or fluids.
4.3.1.2 External influences
The TPE shall be designed to minimize hazards resulting from known external influences on the
electrical power, controls and systems.
Disconnection and/or restoration of the electricity supply shall not cancel the safety and interlock
conditions.
The electrical control system shall be suitably protected or guarded against mechanical damage from
operations within the TPE environment.
NOTE Such influences can be beyond the boundaries defined within the scope of this document and are
intended to be dealt with in contract with/among the supplier, agent importers and/or users of the TPE.
4.3.2 Electroheat installations/equipment
Electroheat installations/equipment as part of TPE under the scope of this document shall be suitable
for their function and intended use. They shall be in accordance with the relevant parts of IEC 60519.
4.4 Thermal and cryogenic safety
4.4.1 General
The manufacturer shall design the TPE to prevent unintended contact with workpieces, flames, surfaces
or devices, which can be at elevated temperatures or below ambient temperatures.
NOTE Such influences can be beyond the boundaries defined within the scope of this document and are
intended to be dealt with in contract with/among the supplier, agent importers and/or users of the TPE.
4.4.2 Contact with hot/cold surfaces
Precautions shall be taken to prevent contact with operating controls at elevated or below ambient
temperature either accidentally or while operating them.
Where it is not possible, for process reasons or other constraints, to maintain surface temperature
at an appropriate level, steps should be taken to prevent hot operating controls from being touched.
Wherever possible, this shall be by means of guards complying with ISO 14120.
If these measures are not practicable, areas of elevated temperatures shall be indicated by means of
suitable marking, warning signs, etc. (see 6.3). In addition, attention shall be drawn in the technical
documentation to the presence of such hazards.
Where it is not possible to avoid contact with controls, etc. that are at elevated or below ambient
temperatures, requirements for protective clothing shall be included in the instruction handbook.
4.4.3 Fire/explosion
4.4.3.1 Fire
The TPE shall be designed to minimize fire hazards resulting from overheating or those inherent in the
TPE from operating at elevated temperatures.
The design and construction of the TPE shall prevent the leakage of hot gases, combustion products and
flames, other than via designed flues, vents and doors, etc.
In particular, the following shall be considered:
a) discharge of hot gases or flames from openings;
b) loading and unloading of work pieces.
Where the TPE is heated by gaseous or liquid fuel, the fuel pipework shall be designed to prevent
leakage. In addition, the fuel pipework shall be capable of withstanding foreseeable mechanical damage.
Further guidance for gaseous and liquid fuels is given in ISO 13577-2.
Where hydraulic oil-actuated components are used, piping and hydraulic equipment shall be protected
from overheating. Any oil leakage shall be prevented from reaching hot parts by suitable design and
location.
Heat-transfer fluids shall be non-toxic and shall not exceed the maximum temperature specified by the
manufacturer. The humidity and oxygen content in the fluid shall not exceed levels specified by the
manufacturer. These values shall be specified in the instruction handbook.
When considering the maximum level of the heat-transfer fluid, account shall be taken of its expansion
during normal working conditions. The system shall be fitted with safety vents that are protected
against the ingress of hazardous contaminants (e.g. moisture and air).
Heat-transfer fluid systems shall be provided with a safety device to prevent over-temperature.
8 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
Suitable safety devices shall be fitted where any one of the following parameters impact safety:
— pressure;
— temperature;
— level (of fluid);
— flow.
For further guidance, see ISO 13577-2.
Where used, fire extinguishing system(s) shall be installed on the TPE at positions where there is
the greatest risk of fire occurring. Particular attention shall be paid to the selection of the type of
extinguisher for use.
4.4.3.2 Explosion
The TPE shall be designed and constructed in such a way as to avoid any risk of explosion posed by the
TPE itself or by gases, liquids, dusts, vapours and other substances produced or used by the TPE.
The design shall incorporate means to avoid the explosive co-existence of a flammable substance and
an oxidizing agent (usually air) within the flammability limits with an ignition source (see ISO 13577-2).
Attention shall be given to work pieces that are not themselves flammable but that may, by design or
otherwise, be coated with substances that can give rise to a flammable mixture.
Pressure relief(s) from an ignited flammable mixture shall be provided, unless it can be shown that the
mixture cannot exceed 25 % of the lower flammability limit (LFL), the ignited flammable mixture is
safely vented by other means or an ignited flammable mixture is safely contained.
Pressure reliefs shall be positioned such that they are unimpeded, both inside and outside the TPE,
and shall discharge in such a manner that personnel are not subjected to hazards. The strength of the
relief(s) shall be such as to relieve the pressure before serious damage is caused to the TPE.
Where doors are not designed as pressure reliefs, they shall be fastened in such a manner that they
cannot be opened when subjected to an overpressure condition. Doors shall not open other than in
their intended direction.
4.4.4 Ejection of hot particles, work pieces and process liquids
The TPE shall be designed to contain hot particles, work pieces or process liquids within its structure.
Attention shall be paid to the loading/unloading areas. If additional guards or barriers are required,
they shall comply with ISO 14120.
Where liquid metals, oils or salts are being heated, the introduction of moisture into the liquid shall be
avoided.
4.4.5 Thermal stress and other physiological effects
The TPE shall be designed so that the effects of thermal stress on human beings are minimized (see
ISO 7933). An estimation shall be made of temperatures that can be reached in areas to which operators
have access. Preventive measures, such as ventilation and operating booths with cooling, shall be
provided if necessary.
4.5 Noise
4.5.1 General
Because TPE emits noise to a greater or lesser extent, determined in noise-emission values, the
equipment shall be designed and constructed to reduce the risks resulting from the emission of
airborne noise.
The TPE shall be designed to minimize the potential noise hazards. To cope with these noise hazards,
preventive measures, in order of preference, are as follows:
a) noise reduction at source, i.e. reduction of noise by design, for example:
1) choose low-noise burners;
2) optimize the burner rating;
3) choose low-noise components;
b) noise abatement by devices, i.e. reduction of noise using, for example:
1) baffles for ventilators;
2) baffles adjacent to burner(s);
3) encasing of pumps;
4) silencers;
5) noise-absorbing walls and covers (see ISO 11690-2);
6) enclosures;
c) noise abatement at workstation, i.e. reduction of noise using, for instance, a cabin for the operators.
The TPE shall be designed to reduce the noise generated by the movement of process material.
The measurement and verification of noise emission values shall be in accordance with EN 1547 or a
regional standard.
4.5.2 Interference with communications
The TPE shall be designed to reduce its noise emission so that spoken communications and acoustic
signals, warnings, etc. are audible.
Consideration shall be given to the spectrum of the airborne noise and audible signals as well as the
weighted noise level.
If it is necessary to specify personal hearing protection, the effect of wearing such equipment on
communications shall be considered.
NOTE Visual, instead of audible, communications might be required.
4.6 Vibration
Primary measures shall comprise the reduction of vibration at s
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