ISO 28560-1:2014
(Main)Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation
Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation
ISO 28560-1:2014 specifies a model for the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries, including academic, public, corporate, special, and school. ISO 28560-1:2014 provides the framework to ensure interoperability between libraries that exchange library items with RFID tags, the freedom of the library to acquire or renew equipment or library items from different vendors, and interoperability of a single RFID application from the vendor's perspective. ISO 28560-1:2014 specifies a set of data elements and general guidelines for implementation, to meet the needs for: circulation of library items; acquisition of library items; interlibrary loan processes; data requirements of publishers, printers, and other suppliers of library items; inventory and stock checking of items. ISO 28560-1:2014 gives guidelines for item security, profiles, privacy, implementation, migration, label design, and location of the RFID label. ISO 28560-1:2014 specifies the data model, system data elements, and user data elements to be used in conjunction with ISO 28560‑2, ISO 28560‑3, and any future parts of ISO 28560.
Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques — Partie 1: Éléments de données et lignes directrices générales pour la mise en oeuvre
Informatika in dokumentacija - RFID v knjižnicah - 1. del: Podatkovni elementi in splošne smernice za izvedbo
Ta del standarda ISO 28560 določa model za uporabo oznak za radiofrekvenčno prepoznavo (RFID) za elemente, ustrezne za potrebe vseh vrst knjižnic, vključno z nacionalnimi, akademskimi, javnimi, poslovnimi, posebnimi in šolskimi.
Ta del standarda ISO 28560 določa okvir za zagotavljanje interoperabilnosti med knjižnicami, ki si izmenjavajo knjižnične elemente z oznakami RFID, svobode knjižnice pri pridobivanju ali obnovi opreme ali knjižničnih elementov od različnih prodajalcev in interoperabilnosti ene same uporabe RFID z vidika prodajalca.
Ta del standarda ISO 28560 določa niz podatkovnih elementov in splošne smernice za izvedbo, da se izpolnijo potrebe po:
– kroženju knjižničnih elementov;
– pridobivanju knjižničnih elementov;
– postopkih izposoje med knjižnicami;
– zahtevah glede podatkov s strani izdajateljev, tiskarjev in drugih dobaviteljev knjižničnih elementov;
– preverjanju seznama in zaloge elementov.
Ta del standarda ISO 28560 določa zahteve za varnost elementov, profile, zasebnost, izvajanje, seljenje, oblikovanje oznake in lokacijo etikete RFID.
Ta del standarda ISO 28560 določa podatkovni model, sistemske podatkovne elemente in uporabniške podatkovne elemente, ki se uporabljajo v povezavi s standardi ISO 28560-2, ISO28560-3 ter katerimi koli prihodnjimi deli standarda ISO 28560.
Vir dodatnih informacij o vprašanjih glede izvajanja je zagotovljen v dodatku A.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 28560-1
Second edition
2014-08-15
Information and documentation —
RFID in libraries —
Part 1:
Data elements and general guidelines
for implementation
Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques —
Partie 1: Éléments de données et lignes directrices générales pour la
mise en oeuvre
Reference number
ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
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ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 User data elements . 2
4.1 Overview of user data elements . 2
4.2 Use of user data elements . 4
4.3 Maintenance of the list of data elements used .11
5 System data elements .11
5.1 System data versus user data .11
5.2 System data elements for identification and item security in libraries .11
6 Tools for data security and integrity .13
7 Regional and business profiling .13
7.1 Elements for profiles .13
7.2 Regional profiles .13
7.3 Business profiles .13
8 Privacy issues .14
9 Implementation and migration .15
9.1 New RFID implementations .15
9.2 Migration for regional models .15
9.3 Use of the correct AFI value .15
9.4 Discrimination between ISO 28560-compliant and non-compliant tags .15
9.5 Migrations of ISO/IEC 18000-3 Mode 1 RFID tags .16
9.6 Migrations of other RFID tag technologies .16
9.7 Conversion methodologies .16
9.8 Preservation of business profiles during migration .17
10 Label design and location of the label .17
10.1 Label design .17
10.2 Location of the RFID label .17
Annex A (informative) Information about ISO 28560 RFID in libraries .18
Annex B (informative) Uniqueness of RFID tags .19
Annex C (normative) Type of usage code values (hexadecimal) .20
Annex D (informative) Country prefixes for supplier identifier .22
Annex E (informative) Interoperability characteristics of security systems .23
Bibliography .28
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee
SC 4, Technical interoperability.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 28560-1:2011), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 28560 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information and documentation — RFID
in libraries:
— Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation
— Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
— Part 3: Fixed length encoding
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 4: Encoding of data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962 in an RFID tag with partitioned
memory [Technical Specification]
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ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
Introduction
Libraries are implementing radio frequency identification (RFID) as item identification to replace bar
codes. RFID streamlines applications like user self-service, security, and materials handling. A standard
data model for encoding information on RFID tags could increase the cost-effectiveness of the technology
within libraries, particularly through greater interoperability of RFID tags and equipment, and enhance
support for resource sharing between libraries.
Tags that are currently used in libraries use proprietary rules adopted by vendors or follow the rules
of historic national RFID models. In general, there is interoperability between tags with a data model
compliant with this International Standard and tags that carry a non-ISO 28560-compliant data model.
Several countries have undertaken preliminary work on standardization. The Netherlands developed
a data model for public libraries and in Denmark “RFID Data Model for Libraries” has been published.
Finland has adopted the Danish model, but with a few changes. There is a French data model that differs
from the Danish and Dutch models. Other libraries in different parts of the world have installations
based on various proprietary systems offered by technology and library system suppliers. All of these
constitute the installed base of RFID systems, but only account for a small minority of the total of
libraries globally.
There is an opportunity to develop a standard data model, taking into account the lessons learned from
the national schemes and vendor solutions, and provide migration options for those libraries that have
already invested in the technology. Because new items are continually being purchased, a number of
migration options can be adopted based on factors relevant to each library.
This part of ISO 28560 deals with data elements and provides general guidelines for implementation.
Other parts of ISO 28560 describe encodings and choice of frequency.
Communication between the RFID reader and the library system (or other applications) is handled by,
for example, SIP-2 and NCIP (see Bibliography).
This International Standard provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries.
Ongoing advice needs to be provided because of the evolving nature of RFID technology and the
opportunities to migrate between different types of legacy system and encoding rules of this
International Standard.
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved v
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
Information and documentation — RFID in libraries —
Part 1:
Data elements and general guidelines for implementation
1 Scope
This part of ISO 28560 specifies a model for the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for
items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries, including national, academic, public, corporate,
special, and school.
This part of ISO 28560 provides the framework to ensure interoperability between libraries that
exchange library items with RFID tags, the freedom of the library to acquire or renew equipment or
library items from different vendors, and interoperability of a single RFID application from the vendor’s
perspective.
This part of ISO 28560 specifies a set of data elements and general guidelines for implementation, to
meet the needs for:
— circulation of library items;
— acquisition of library items;
— interlibrary loan processes;
— data requirements of publishers, printers, and other suppliers of library items;
— inventory and stock checking of items.
This part of ISO 28560 gives guidelines for item security, profiles, privacy, implementation, migration,
label design, and location of the RFID label.
This part of ISO 28560 specifies the data model, system data elements, and user data elements to be
used in conjunction with ISO 28560-2, ISO 28560-3, and any future parts of ISO 28560.
A source of additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 15961-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management:
Data protocol — Part 3: RFID data constructs
ISO 28560-2, Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements
based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
ISO 28560-3, Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 3: Fixed length encoding
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
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ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
3.1
distributor
wholesaler that purchases products from manufacturers and sells them to retailers or other wholesalers
Note 1 to entry: In the context of this International Standard, a distributor is a wholesaler that purchases library
materials such as books or audiovisual materials from publishers and sells them to libraries or retailers.
3.2
interlibrary loan
ILL
service where a library borrows an item from another library
3.3
item
unit tracked in a library system
Note 1 to entry: An item, which can be a set (3.7), can be loanable or non-circulating, but is always loaned in its
entirety.
3.4
jobber
specialized distributor of library items that provides services such as the attachment of labelling
and electronic information to items to make them ready for immediate shelving upon arrival at the
destination library
3.5
library management system
enterprise resource planning system for a library, used to track items owned, items loaned, orders made,
bills paid, and patrons
Note 1 to entry: In some countries, this is known as an integrated library system.
3.6
part
individual physical entity included in an item
Note 1 to entry: A part can be a library material or a container for the library materials in a set (3.7).
3.7
set
item consisting of a number of parts, all identified by the same item identifier and loaned in one
transaction as a unit
3.8
supply chain
series of entities, typically beginning with a publisher and ending with a library, through which library
materials flow as they are acquired by that library
4 User data elements
4.1 Overview of user data elements
Libraries can choose which data elements they want to store on the tag. It is unlikely that a library places
all the listed data elements on the tag. A number of data elements are reserved for local use. They should
be ignored where the processing institution is not the owner of the item (as in ILL).
Table 1 lists the user data elements that are defined in this International Standard.
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ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
Table 1 — User data elements
Name of the ISO 8459
a c d f g
N Description Ref Status Relationship
b e
data element mapping
1 Primary item iden- Unique identification 4.2.1 Piece identifier Mandatory for cir- None
tifier of an item at least culated items
inside the library
2 Content parameter Specifies the struc- 4.2.2 None Can be mandatory None
ture of the tag data as specified in other
parts of ISO 28560
3 Owner institution The ISIL code for the 4.2.3 Party identifier; Strongly recom- Elements 3 and
(ISIL) institution that owns Participant’s func- mended to create 23 are mutually
the item tion interoperability exclusive
4 Set information Number of parts in 4.2.4 Number of volumes; Optional None
item and ordinal part Component
number
5 Type of usage Additional qualifying 4.2.5 None Optional None
information about
the item or part of
a set
6 Shelf location Code for location of 4.2.6 Copy shelf locator Optional None
the item
7 ONIX media format ONIX media descrip- 4.2.7 Record content type Optional Data elements 7, 8,
tor and 19 should be
consistent
8 MARC media format MARC 21 category of 4.2.8 Record content type Optional Data elements 7, 8,
material descriptor and 19 should be
consistent
9 Supplier identifier Code for identifica- 4.2.9 Party identifier; Optional None
tion of supplier of the Participant’s func-
item tion
10 Order number Number meaningful 4.2.10 Request identifier Optional None
to the library and to
the supplier of the
item
11 ILL borrowing insti- ISIL code for the 4.2.11 Party identifier; Optional Data elements 11
tution (ISIL) institution borrow- Participant’s func- and 25 are mutually
ing the item tion exclusive
12 ILL borrowing Number identifying 4.2.12 None Optional None
transaction number an interlibrary loan
transaction
13 GS1 product identi- GTIN-13 code of GS1 4.2.13 Resource identifier Optional Data elements 13
fier code and 18 should be
consistent
14 Alternative unique Possibly encoding in 4.2.14 None Reserved for future
item identifier new tag architectures use
15 Local data A Any locally defined 4.2.15 None Optional None
purpose
16 Local data B Any locally defined 4.2.16 None Optional None
purpose
17 Title The title/titles of the 4.2.17 Title Optional None
library item
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ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
Table 1 — (continued)
Name of the ISO 8459
a c d f g
N Description Ref Status Relationship
b e
data element mapping
18 Product identifier Product identifier not 4.2.18 Resource identifier Optional Data elements 13
local based on GTIN-13 code and 18 should be
consistent
19 Media format Media descriptor 4.2.19 Record content type Optional Data elements 7, 8,
(other) other than ONIX or and 19 should be
MARC consistent
20 Supply chain stage The stage of the sup- 4.2.20 None Optional None
ply chain in which
the item currently
resides
21 Supplier invoice Invoice number 4.2.21 Invoice identifier Optional None
number meaningful to the
library and to the
supplier of the item
22 Alternative item Optional identifier 4.2.22 Piece identifier Optional None
identifier for an item
23 Alternative owner Code for the library 4.2.23 Party identifier; Optional Data elements 3
institution institution other than Participant’s func- and 23 are mutually
ISIL tion exclusive
24 Subsidiary of an Internal code defined 4.2.24 Party identifier; Optional None
owner institution within a library insti- Participant’s func-
tution tion
25 Alternative ILL bor- Code for the ILL bor- 4.2.25 Party identifier; Optional Data elements 11
rowing institution rowing institution Participant’s func- and 25 are mutually
other than ISIL tion exclusive
26 Local data C Any locally defined 4.2.26 None Optional None
purpose
27 Not defined 4.2.27 Reserved for future
use
28 Not defined 4.2.28 Reserved for future
use
29 Not defined 4.2.29 Reserved for future
use
30 Not defined 4.2.30 Reserved for future
use
31 Not defined 4.2.31 Reserved for future
use
a
This column specifies the data element number (N), i.e. the number identifying the data element.
b
This column specifies the data element name (name of data element), i.e. the name identifying the data element.
c
This column specifies the data element description, i.e. a brief description about the purpose of the data element.
d
This column contains a reference to the clause where the data element is described.
e
This column contains the mapping to the corresponding data elements in ISO 8459. The mapping is for information.
f
This column classifies the data elements into categories (status).
g
This column specifies possible relationships to other data elements (relationship).
4.2 Use of user data elements
4.2.1 Primary item identifier
The library’s unique identification of an item shall be used as the primary item identifier. This data
element is required for circulation. It can be absent in the acquisition process.
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ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
The primary item identifier can be, but need not be, equivalent to the (former) bar code. It can be decided
at a local or national level if the identifier should be unique outside the library and how this is to be
achieved.
Annex B illustrates how the primary item identifier can be combined with other data to achieve
increasing levels of uniqueness, ultimately global uniqueness.
4.2.2 Content parameter
The content parameter data element specifies the structure of the tag data. The parameter can have
different forms for the various possible encoding methodologies specified in other parts of ISO 28560.
4.2.3 Owner institution (ISIL)
The owner institution (ISIL) data element is used for the ISIL code for the institution that owns the item.
The ISIL code shall be as defined in ISO 15511.
The list of ISIL agencies that are responsible for the issuing process of ISIL codes can be found at http://
biblstandard.dk/isil/.
In exceptional cases, the ISIL code, or parts of the ISIL code, can be stored in data element 23 (alternative
owner institution).
4.2.4 Set information
4.2.4.1 General
If the set information data element is encoded, it shall consist of two components, which are
a) the “number of parts in item”, followed by
b) the “ordinal part number”,
as specified in 4.2.4.2 and 4.2.4.3. These two component parameters are used to identify various
permutations relating to sets.
A single part item is the default case. A system reading a tag that does not contain the set information
data element can assume that the item has only a single part.
4.2.4.2 Numbers of parts in item
For sets with only a single part, the “numbers of parts in item” component shall take the value “1”.
For sets with more than a single part, the “numbers of parts in item” component shall take a value in the
range 0 to 255, where a positive number indicates the total number of parts in the set, and 0 that the
total number is not known.
4.2.4.3 Ordinal part number
For sets with only a single part, the “ordinal part number” component shall take the value “1”.
For sets with more than a single part, the “ordinal part number” component shall take a value in the
range 0 to 255, under one of the following two conditions.
— If all parts in the set carry an RFID tag, a positive ordinal part number corresponding to the
placement of the part in the set shall be assigned to each part.
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ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
— If only some of the parts in the set carry an RFID tag, the first part shall be assigned the ordinal part
number 0, and the following parts an ordinal part number corresponding to the placement of the
part in the set. As a consequence, no part shall be assigned the ordinal part number 1.
4.2.4.4 Examples
EXAMPLE 1 A set with three parts, all with their own RFID tags:
— Number of this part = 1 (first RFID tag): code = 31
— Number of this part = 2 (second RFID tag): code = 32
— Number of this part = 3 (third RFID tag): code = 33
EXAMPLE 2 A set consisting of a single part with one RFID tag:
— Number of this part = 1: code = 11 (if present)
EXAMPLE 3 A set consists of 12 parts, and this is the fourth part:
— Number of this part = 4 (fourth RFID tag): code = 1204
EXAMPLE 4 A set having four parts but one part does not carry an RFID tag:
— Number of this part = 1 (first RFID tag): code = 40
— Number of this part = 2 (second RFID tag): code = 42
— Number of this part = 3 (third RFID tag): code = 43
— Number of this part = 4 (no RFID tag)
NOTE 1 The “0” of the first part serves two functions:
a) it indicates that not all parts have an RFID tag;
b) it indicates that this is the first part.
EXAMPLE 5 A set having an unknown number of parts or increasing in number of parts over time.
— Number of this part = 1 (first RFID tag): code = 01
— Number of this part = 2 (second RFID tag): code = 02
— Number of this part = 3 (third RFID tag): code = 03
— Number of this part = 4 (fourth RFID tag): code = 04
NOTE 2 The initial “0” indicates that the number of parts is not fixed.
4.2.5 Type of usage
4.2.5.1 General
The type of usage data element provides additional qualifying information about the item or part of a
set, for example, the type of material and its use within the library. As synergies between RFID-enabled
devices become more common, this data element can be set dynamically by one RFID device for the
benefit of another. Individual parts of a set can have different values for the type of usage data element.
If this data element is encoded, it shall use the values specified in Annex C.
4.2.5.2 Examples
EXAMPLE 1 An acquisition item that arrives at a library can be processed automatically if it has the following
type of usage parameters:
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ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
— Main qualifier = 0 (Class = acquisition item)
— Sub-qualifier = 1 (Sub-class = for automated processes)
EXAMPLE 2 If a similar acquisition item is only parameterized by a main qualifier, it can have the following
type of usage parameters:
— Main qualifier = 0 (Class = acquisition item)
— Sub-qualifier is absent means that the sub-class is unspecified (identical to sub-qualifier value zero)
EXAMPLE 3 An item for circulation that has to be handled with care and is not suited for automatic sorting has
the following type of usage parameters:
— Main qualifier = 1 (Class = item for circulation)
— Sub-qualifier = 2 (Sub-class = not for automatic sorting)
EXAMPLE 4 A discarded item that is offered for sale has the following type of usage parameters:
— Main qualifier = 7 (Class = discarded item)
— Sub-qualifier = 1 (Sub-class = for sale)
4.2.6 Shelf location
The shelf location data element holds the location of the item.
The data element can take any value the library decides to use. The values reflect the library’s shelf
location system and are only intended for use in the library owning the item.
Automatic sorting systems can use this data element for sorting purposes.
4.2.7 ONIX media format
The ONIX media format data element shall, if encoded, represent an ONIX media descriptor of two
alphabetic characters.
These media descriptors are based on the ONIX Books Product Form Code List, published and maintained
by EDItEUR. Use the latest product form code from the ONIX Books Code Lists (see http://www.editeur.
org).
NOTE EDItEUR is the international group coordinating development of the standards infrastructure for
electronic commerce in the book and serials industries.
4.2.8 MARC media format
The MARC media format data element shall, if encoded, represent a MARC 21 category of material
descriptor.
This media descriptor is a compound of two letters defined by positions 6 and 7 in the leader of a
MARC 21 record. See http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic.
4.2.9 Supplier identifier
The supplier identifier data element is used for identification of the supplier of the item.
If a supplier code is determined by the purchasing library or its owner body (e.g. university, city,
government) there might be structure rules already in place. If not, it is recommended to define a unique
list on a national level
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 28560-1:2014
01-december-2014
Informatika in dokumentacija - RFID v knjižnicah - 1. del: Podatkovni elementi in
splošne smernice za izvedbo
Information and documentation -- RFID in libraries -- Part 1: Data elements and general
guidelines for implementation
Information et documentation -- RFID dans les bibliothèques -- Partie 1: Éléments de
données et lignes directrices générales pour la mise en oeuvre
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 28560-1:2014
ICS:
35.040 Nabori znakov in kodiranje Character sets and
informacij information coding
35.240.30 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in information,
informatiki, dokumentiranju in documentation and
založništvu publishing
SIST ISO 28560-1:2014 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 28560-1:2014
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SIST ISO 28560-1:2014
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 28560-1
Second edition
2014-08-15
Information and documentation —
RFID in libraries —
Part 1:
Data elements and general guidelines
for implementation
Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques —
Partie 1: Éléments de données et lignes directrices générales pour la
mise en oeuvre
Reference number
ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
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SIST ISO 28560-1:2014
ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 28560-1:2014
ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 User data elements . 2
4.1 Overview of user data elements . 2
4.2 Use of user data elements . 4
4.3 Maintenance of the list of data elements used .11
5 System data elements .11
5.1 System data versus user data .11
5.2 System data elements for identification and item security in libraries .11
6 Tools for data security and integrity .13
7 Regional and business profiling .13
7.1 Elements for profiles .13
7.2 Regional profiles .13
7.3 Business profiles .13
8 Privacy issues .14
9 Implementation and migration .15
9.1 New RFID implementations .15
9.2 Migration for regional models .15
9.3 Use of the correct AFI value .15
9.4 Discrimination between ISO 28560-compliant and non-compliant tags .15
9.5 Migrations of ISO/IEC 18000-3 Mode 1 RFID tags .16
9.6 Migrations of other RFID tag technologies .16
9.7 Conversion methodologies .16
9.8 Preservation of business profiles during migration .17
10 Label design and location of the label .17
10.1 Label design .17
10.2 Location of the RFID label .17
Annex A (informative) Information about ISO 28560 RFID in libraries .18
Annex B (informative) Uniqueness of RFID tags .19
Annex C (normative) Type of usage code values (hexadecimal) .20
Annex D (informative) Country prefixes for supplier identifier .22
Annex E (informative) Interoperability characteristics of security systems .23
Bibliography .28
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee
SC 4, Technical interoperability.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 28560-1:2011), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 28560 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information and documentation — RFID
in libraries:
— Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation
— Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
— Part 3: Fixed length encoding
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 4: Encoding of data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962 in an RFID tag with partitioned
memory [Technical Specification]
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Introduction
Libraries are implementing radio frequency identification (RFID) as item identification to replace bar
codes. RFID streamlines applications like user self-service, security, and materials handling. A standard
data model for encoding information on RFID tags could increase the cost-effectiveness of the technology
within libraries, particularly through greater interoperability of RFID tags and equipment, and enhance
support for resource sharing between libraries.
Tags that are currently used in libraries use proprietary rules adopted by vendors or follow the rules
of historic national RFID models. In general, there is interoperability between tags with a data model
compliant with this International Standard and tags that carry a non-ISO 28560-compliant data model.
Several countries have undertaken preliminary work on standardization. The Netherlands developed
a data model for public libraries and in Denmark “RFID Data Model for Libraries” has been published.
Finland has adopted the Danish model, but with a few changes. There is a French data model that differs
from the Danish and Dutch models. Other libraries in different parts of the world have installations
based on various proprietary systems offered by technology and library system suppliers. All of these
constitute the installed base of RFID systems, but only account for a small minority of the total of
libraries globally.
There is an opportunity to develop a standard data model, taking into account the lessons learned from
the national schemes and vendor solutions, and provide migration options for those libraries that have
already invested in the technology. Because new items are continually being purchased, a number of
migration options can be adopted based on factors relevant to each library.
This part of ISO 28560 deals with data elements and provides general guidelines for implementation.
Other parts of ISO 28560 describe encodings and choice of frequency.
Communication between the RFID reader and the library system (or other applications) is handled by,
for example, SIP-2 and NCIP (see Bibliography).
This International Standard provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries.
Ongoing advice needs to be provided because of the evolving nature of RFID technology and the
opportunities to migrate between different types of legacy system and encoding rules of this
International Standard.
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SIST ISO 28560-1:2014
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28560-1:2014(E)
Information and documentation — RFID in libraries —
Part 1:
Data elements and general guidelines for implementation
1 Scope
This part of ISO 28560 specifies a model for the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for
items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries, including national, academic, public, corporate,
special, and school.
This part of ISO 28560 provides the framework to ensure interoperability between libraries that
exchange library items with RFID tags, the freedom of the library to acquire or renew equipment or
library items from different vendors, and interoperability of a single RFID application from the vendor’s
perspective.
This part of ISO 28560 specifies a set of data elements and general guidelines for implementation, to
meet the needs for:
— circulation of library items;
— acquisition of library items;
— interlibrary loan processes;
— data requirements of publishers, printers, and other suppliers of library items;
— inventory and stock checking of items.
This part of ISO 28560 gives guidelines for item security, profiles, privacy, implementation, migration,
label design, and location of the RFID label.
This part of ISO 28560 specifies the data model, system data elements, and user data elements to be
used in conjunction with ISO 28560-2, ISO 28560-3, and any future parts of ISO 28560.
A source of additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 15961-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management:
Data protocol — Part 3: RFID data constructs
ISO 28560-2, Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements
based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
ISO 28560-3, Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 3: Fixed length encoding
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
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3.1
distributor
wholesaler that purchases products from manufacturers and sells them to retailers or other wholesalers
Note 1 to entry: In the context of this International Standard, a distributor is a wholesaler that purchases library
materials such as books or audiovisual materials from publishers and sells them to libraries or retailers.
3.2
interlibrary loan
ILL
service where a library borrows an item from another library
3.3
item
unit tracked in a library system
Note 1 to entry: An item, which can be a set (3.7), can be loanable or non-circulating, but is always loaned in its
entirety.
3.4
jobber
specialized distributor of library items that provides services such as the attachment of labelling
and electronic information to items to make them ready for immediate shelving upon arrival at the
destination library
3.5
library management system
enterprise resource planning system for a library, used to track items owned, items loaned, orders made,
bills paid, and patrons
Note 1 to entry: In some countries, this is known as an integrated library system.
3.6
part
individual physical entity included in an item
Note 1 to entry: A part can be a library material or a container for the library materials in a set (3.7).
3.7
set
item consisting of a number of parts, all identified by the same item identifier and loaned in one
transaction as a unit
3.8
supply chain
series of entities, typically beginning with a publisher and ending with a library, through which library
materials flow as they are acquired by that library
4 User data elements
4.1 Overview of user data elements
Libraries can choose which data elements they want to store on the tag. It is unlikely that a library places
all the listed data elements on the tag. A number of data elements are reserved for local use. They should
be ignored where the processing institution is not the owner of the item (as in ILL).
Table 1 lists the user data elements that are defined in this International Standard.
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Table 1 — User data elements
Name of the ISO 8459
a c d f g
N Description Ref Status Relationship
b e
data element mapping
1 Primary item iden- Unique identification 4.2.1 Piece identifier Mandatory for cir- None
tifier of an item at least culated items
inside the library
2 Content parameter Specifies the struc- 4.2.2 None Can be mandatory None
ture of the tag data as specified in other
parts of ISO 28560
3 Owner institution The ISIL code for the 4.2.3 Party identifier; Strongly recom- Elements 3 and
(ISIL) institution that owns Participant’s func- mended to create 23 are mutually
the item tion interoperability exclusive
4 Set information Number of parts in 4.2.4 Number of volumes; Optional None
item and ordinal part Component
number
5 Type of usage Additional qualifying 4.2.5 None Optional None
information about
the item or part of
a set
6 Shelf location Code for location of 4.2.6 Copy shelf locator Optional None
the item
7 ONIX media format ONIX media descrip- 4.2.7 Record content type Optional Data elements 7, 8,
tor and 19 should be
consistent
8 MARC media format MARC 21 category of 4.2.8 Record content type Optional Data elements 7, 8,
material descriptor and 19 should be
consistent
9 Supplier identifier Code for identifica- 4.2.9 Party identifier; Optional None
tion of supplier of the Participant’s func-
item tion
10 Order number Number meaningful 4.2.10 Request identifier Optional None
to the library and to
the supplier of the
item
11 ILL borrowing insti- ISIL code for the 4.2.11 Party identifier; Optional Data elements 11
tution (ISIL) institution borrow- Participant’s func- and 25 are mutually
ing the item tion exclusive
12 ILL borrowing Number identifying 4.2.12 None Optional None
transaction number an interlibrary loan
transaction
13 GS1 product identi- GTIN-13 code of GS1 4.2.13 Resource identifier Optional Data elements 13
fier code and 18 should be
consistent
14 Alternative unique Possibly encoding in 4.2.14 None Reserved for future
item identifier new tag architectures use
15 Local data A Any locally defined 4.2.15 None Optional None
purpose
16 Local data B Any locally defined 4.2.16 None Optional None
purpose
17 Title The title/titles of the 4.2.17 Title Optional None
library item
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Table 1 — (continued)
Name of the ISO 8459
a c d f g
N Description Ref Status Relationship
b e
data element mapping
18 Product identifier Product identifier not 4.2.18 Resource identifier Optional Data elements 13
local based on GTIN-13 code and 18 should be
consistent
19 Media format Media descriptor 4.2.19 Record content type Optional Data elements 7, 8,
(other) other than ONIX or and 19 should be
MARC consistent
20 Supply chain stage The stage of the sup- 4.2.20 None Optional None
ply chain in which
the item currently
resides
21 Supplier invoice Invoice number 4.2.21 Invoice identifier Optional None
number meaningful to the
library and to the
supplier of the item
22 Alternative item Optional identifier 4.2.22 Piece identifier Optional None
identifier for an item
23 Alternative owner Code for the library 4.2.23 Party identifier; Optional Data elements 3
institution institution other than Participant’s func- and 23 are mutually
ISIL tion exclusive
24 Subsidiary of an Internal code defined 4.2.24 Party identifier; Optional None
owner institution within a library insti- Participant’s func-
tution tion
25 Alternative ILL bor- Code for the ILL bor- 4.2.25 Party identifier; Optional Data elements 11
rowing institution rowing institution Participant’s func- and 25 are mutually
other than ISIL tion exclusive
26 Local data C Any locally defined 4.2.26 None Optional None
purpose
27 Not defined 4.2.27 Reserved for future
use
28 Not defined 4.2.28 Reserved for future
use
29 Not defined 4.2.29 Reserved for future
use
30 Not defined 4.2.30 Reserved for future
use
31 Not defined 4.2.31 Reserved for future
use
a
This column specifies the data element number (N), i.e. the number identifying the data element.
b
This column specifies the data element name (name of data element), i.e. the name identifying the data element.
c
This column specifies the data element description, i.e. a brief description about the purpose of the data element.
d
This column contains a reference to the clause where the data element is described.
e
This column contains the mapping to the corresponding data elements in ISO 8459. The mapping is for information.
f
This column classifies the data elements into categories (status).
g
This column specifies possible relationships to other data elements (relationship).
4.2 Use of user data elements
4.2.1 Primary item identifier
The library’s unique identification of an item shall be used as the primary item identifier. This data
element is required for circulation. It can be absent in the acquisition process.
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The primary item identifier can be, but need not be, equivalent to the (former) bar code. It can be decided
at a local or national level if the identifier should be unique outside the library and how this is to be
achieved.
Annex B illustrates how the primary item identifier can be combined with other data to achieve
increasing levels of uniqueness, ultimately global uniqueness.
4.2.2 Content parameter
The content parameter data element specifies the structure of the tag data. The parameter can have
different forms for the various possible encoding methodologies specified in other parts of ISO 28560.
4.2.3 Owner institution (ISIL)
The owner institution (ISIL) data element is used for the ISIL code for the institution that owns the item.
The ISIL code shall be as defined in ISO 15511.
The list of ISIL agencies that are responsible for the issuing process of ISIL codes can be found at http://
biblstandard.dk/isil/.
In exceptional cases, the ISIL code, or parts of the ISIL code, can be stored in data element 23 (alternative
owner institution).
4.2.4 Set information
4.2.4.1 General
If the set information data element is encoded, it shall consist of two components, which are
a) the “number of parts in item”, followed by
b) the “ordinal part number”,
as specified in 4.2.4.2 and 4.2.4.3. These two component parameters are used to identify various
permutations relating to sets.
A single part item is the default case. A system reading a tag that does not contain the set information
data element can assume that the item has only a single part.
4.2.4.2 Numbers of parts in item
For sets with only a single part, the “numbers of parts in item” component shall take the value “1”.
For sets with more than a single part, the “numbers of parts in item” component shall take a value in the
range 0 to 255, where a positive number indicates the total number of parts in the set, and 0 that the
total number is not known.
4.2.4.3 Ordinal part number
For sets with only a single part, the “ordinal part number” component shall take the value “1”.
For sets with more than a single part, the “ordinal part number” component shall take a value in the
range 0 to 255, under one of the following two conditions.
— If all parts in the set carry an RFID tag, a positive ordinal part number corresponding to the
placement of the part in the set shall be assigned to each part.
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— If only some of the parts in the set carry an RFID tag, the first part shall be assigned the ordinal part
number 0, and the following parts an ordinal part number corresponding to the placement of the
part in the set. As a consequence, no part shall be assigned the ordinal part number 1.
4.2.4.4 Examples
EXAMPLE 1 A set with three parts, all with their own RFID tags:
— Number of this part = 1 (first RFID tag): code = 31
— Number of this part = 2 (second RFID tag): code = 32
— Number of this part = 3 (third RFID tag): code = 33
EXAMPLE 2 A set consisting of a single part with one RFID tag:
— Number of this part = 1: code = 11 (if present)
EXAMPLE 3 A set consists of 12 parts, and this is the fourth part:
— Number of this part = 4 (fourth RFID tag): code = 1204
EXAMPLE 4 A set having four parts but one part does not carry an RFID tag:
— Number of this part = 1 (first RFID tag): code = 40
— Number of this part = 2 (second RFID tag): code = 42
— Number of this part = 3 (third RFID tag): code = 43
— Number of this part = 4 (no RFID tag)
NOTE 1 The “0” of the first part serves two functions:
a) it indicates that not all parts have an RFID tag;
b) it indicates that this is the first part.
EXAMPLE 5 A set having an unknown number of parts or increasing in number of parts over time.
— Number of this part = 1 (first RFID tag): code = 01
— Number of this part = 2 (second RFID tag): code = 02
— Number of this part = 3 (third RFID tag): code = 03
— Number of this part = 4 (fourth RFID tag): code = 04
NOTE 2 The initial “0” indicates that the number of parts is not fixed.
4.2.5 Type of usage
4.2.5.1 General
The type of usage data element provides additional qualifying information about the item or part of a
set, for example, the type of material and its use within the library. As synergies between RFID-enabled
devices become more common, this data element can be set dynamically by one RFID device for the
benefit of another. Individual parts of a set can have different values for the type of usage data element.
If this data element is encoded, it shall use the values specified in Annex C.
4.2.5.2 Examples
EXAMPLE 1 An acquisition item that arrives at a library can be processed automatically if it has the following
type of usage parameters:
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— Main qualifier = 0 (Class = acquisition item)
— Sub-qualifier = 1 (Sub-class = for automated processes)
EXAMPLE 2 If a similar acquisition item is only parameterized by a main qualifier, it can have the following
type of usage parameters:
— Main qualifier = 0 (Class = acquisition item)
— Sub-qualifier is absent means that the sub-class is unspecified (identical to sub-qualifier value zero)
EXAMPLE 3 An item for circulation that has to be handled with care and is not suited for automatic sorting has
the following type of usage parameters:
— Main qualifier = 1 (Class = item for circulation)
— Sub-qualifier = 2 (Sub-class = not for automatic sorting)
EXAMPLE 4 A discarded item that is offered for sale has the following type of usage parameters:
— Main qualifier = 7 (Class = discarded item)
— Sub-qualifier = 1 (Sub-class = for sale)
4.2.6 Shelf location
The shelf location data element holds the location of the item.
The data element can take any value the
...
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