Space data and information transfer systems — Data transmission and pseudo-random noise (PN) ranging for 2 GHz code division multiple access (CDMA) link via data relay satellite

ISO 17810:2014 defines CDMA spread spectrum modulation schemes in terms of: a) the services provided to the users of this specification; b) spreading code formats; and c) the procedures performed to generate and process the code formats. It does not specify: a) individual implementations or products; b) the methods or technologies required to perform the procedures; or c) the management activities required to configure and control the system. ISO 17810:2014 provides only those parameter requirements relating to signal compatibility with the existing SNIP PN spread modulation systems (see C.1). There are many other types of requirements, not specifically related to PN spread modulation signal formats, which must be met to ensure system compatibility with existing SNIP hardware. Examples would include forward error correction coding format, data signal formats, etc. ISO 17810:2014 applies to the creation of agency standards and to the future data communications over space links between CCSDS agencies in cross-support situations. ISO 17810:2014 includes comprehensive specification of the data formats and procedures for inter-agency cross support. It is neither a specification of, nor a design for, real systems that may be implemented for existing or future missions. ISO 17810:2014 is to be invoked through the normal standards programs of each CCSDS agency, and is applicable to those missions for which cross support based on capabilities described in ISO 17810:2014 is anticipated. Where mandatory capabilities are clearly indicated in sections of ISO 17810:2014, they must be implemented when this document is used as a basis for cross support. Where options are allowed or implied, implementation of these options is subject to specific bilateral cross-support agreements between the agencies involved.

Systèmes de transfert des données et informations spatiales — Transmission de données et mesure du pseudo bruit pour la liaison AMRC à 2 GHz par satellite relais de données

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17810
First edition
2014-07-01

Space data and information transfer
systems — Data transmission and
pseudo-random noise (PN) ranging for
2 GHz code division multiple access
(CDMA) link via data relay satellite
Systèmes de transfert des données et informations spatiales —
Transmission de données et mesure du pseudo bruit pour la liaison
AMRC à 2 GHz par satellite relais de données




Reference number
ISO 17810:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014

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ISO 17810:2014(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT


©  ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission.
Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 17810:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO
documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified
during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an
endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as
well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the
following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
ISO 17810 was prepared by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) (as CCSDS 415.1-B-1,
September 2011) and was adopted (without modifications except those stated in Clause 2 of this International
Standard) by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 13, Space data and
information transfer systems.
iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17810:2014(E)

Space data and information transfer systems — Data
transmission and pseudo-random noise (PN) ranging for 2 GHz
code division multiple access (CDMA) link via data relay
satellite
1 Scope
This International Standard defines CDMA spread spectrum modulation schemes in terms of:
a) the services provided to the users of this specification;
b) spreading code formats; and
c) the procedures performed to generate and process the code formats.
It does not specify:
a) individual implementations or products;
b) the methods or technologies required to perform the procedures; or
c) the management activities required to configure and control the system.
This International Standard provides only those parameter requirements relating to signal compatibility with
the existing SNIP PN spread modulation systems (see C.1). There are many other types of requirements, not
specifically related to PN spread modulation signal formats, which must be met to ensure system compatibility
with existing SNIP hardware. Examples would include forward error correction coding format, data signal
formats, etc.
This International Standard applies to the creation of agency standards and to the future data communications
over space links between CCSDS agencies in cross-support situations. This International Standard includes
comprehensive specification of the data formats and procedures for inter-agency cross support. It is neither a
specification of, nor a design for, real systems that may be implemented for existing or future missions.
This International Standard is to be invoked through the normal standards programs of each CCSDS agency,
and is applicable to those missions for which cross support based on capabilities described in this International
Standard is anticipated. Where mandatory capabilities are clearly indicated in sections of this International
Standard, they must be implemented when this document is used as a basis for cross support. Where options
are allowed or implied, implementation of these options is subject to specific bilateral cross-support agreements
between the agencies involved.
2 Requirements
Requirements are the technical recommendations made in the following publication (reproduced on the
following pages), which is adopted as an International Standard:
CCSDS 415.1-B-1, September 2011, Data transmission and PN ranging for 2 GHz CDMA link via data relay
satellite
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved 1

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ISO 17810:2014(E)
For the purposes of international standardization, the modifications outlined below shall apply to the specific
clauses and paragraphs of publication CCSDS 415.1-B-1.
Pages i to vi
This part is information which is relevant to the CCSDS publication only.
Page C-1
Add the following information to the reference indicated:
[C2] Document CCSDS 414.1-B-1, March 2009, is equivalent to ISO 18423:2013.
[C4] Document CCSDS 503-0-B-1, November 2007, is equivalent to ISO 13526:2010.
3 Revision of publication CCSDS 415.1-B-1
It has been agreed with the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems that Subcommittee
ISO/TC 20/SC 13 will be consulted in the event of any revision or amendment of publication CCSDS 415.1-B-
1. To this end, NASA will act as a liaison body between CCSDS and ISO.
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
Recommendation for Space Data System Standards
DATA TRANSMISSION AND
PN RANGING FOR 2 GHZ
CDMA LINK VIA DATA
RELAY SATELLITE
RECOMMENDED STANDARD
CCSDS 415.1-B-1
BLUE BOOK
September 2011

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ISO 17810:2014(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION AND
PN RANGING FOR 2 GHz CDMA LINK VIA DATA RELAY SATELLITE
AUTHORITY



Issue: Recommended Standard, Issue 1
Date: September 2011
Location: Washington, DC, USA

This document has been approved for publication by the Management Council of the
Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) and represents the consensus
technical agreement of the participating CCSDS Member Agencies. The procedure for
review and authorization of CCSDS documents is detailed in the Procedures Manual for the
Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, and the record of Agency participation in
the authorization of this document can be obtained from the CCSDS Secretariat at the
address below.


This document is published and maintained by:

CCSDS Secretariat
Space Communications and Navigation Office, 7L70
Space Operations Mission Directorate
NASA Headquarters
Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA
CCSDS 415.1-B-1 Page i September 2011

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ISO 17810:2014(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION AND
PN RANGING FOR 2 GHz CDMA LINK VIA DATA RELAY SATELLITE
STATEMENT OF INTENT
The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) is an organization officially
established by the management of its members. The Committee meets periodically to address
data systems problems that are common to all participants, and to formulate sound technical
solutions to these problems. Inasmuch as participation in the CCSDS is completely
voluntary, the results of Committee actions are termed Recommended Standards and are
not considered binding on any Agency.
This Recommended Standard is issued by, and represents the consensus of, the CCSDS
members. Endorsement of this Recommendation is entirely voluntary. Endorsement,
however, indicates the following understandings:
o Whenever a member establishes a CCSDS-related standard, this standard will be in
accord with the relevant Recommended Standard. Establishing such a standard
does not preclude other provisions which a member may develop.
o Whenever a member establishes a CCSDS-related standard, that member will
provide other CCSDS members with the following information:
-- The standard itself.
-- The anticipated date of initial operational capability.
-- The anticipated duration of operational service.
o Specific service arrangements shall be made via memoranda of agreement. Neither
this Recommended Standard nor any ensuing standard is a substitute for a
memorandum of agreement.
No later than five years from its date of issuance, this Recommended Standard will be
reviewed by the CCSDS to determine whether it should: (1) remain in effect without change;
(2) be changed to reflect the impact of new technologies, new requirements, or new
directions; or (3) be retired or canceled.
In those instances when a new version of a Recommended Standard is issued, existing
CCSDS-related member standards and implementations are not negated or deemed to be
non-CCSDS compatible. It is the responsibility of each member to determine when such
standards or implementations are to be modified. Each member is, however, strongly
encouraged to direct planning for its new standards and implementations towards the later
version of the Recommended Standard.
CCSDS 415.1-B-1 Page ii September 2011

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ISO 17810:2014(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION AND
PN RANGING FOR 2 GHz CDMA LINK VIA DATA RELAY SATELLITE
FOREWORD
This document is a technical Recommended Standard for use in developing spread spectrum
modulation systems and has been prepared by the Consultative Committee for Space Data
Systems (CCSDS). The spread spectrum modulation concept described herein is intended
for missions that are cross-supported between Agencies of the CCSDS.
The spread spectrum modulation systems currently used by the Space Network
Interoperability Panel (SNIP) agencies involve Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) in
the form of pseudo-random noise (PN) Gold codes and Maximal Length codes. The PN code
libraries used by NASA Users are also shared by Users of the European Space Agency
(ESA) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). Included in this Recommended
Standard are proposed techniques for expanding the code libraries for additional CCSDS
Users. The expanded code library fits into the existing SNIP architecture.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the
subject of patent rights. CCSDS shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Through the process of normal evolution, it is expected that expansion, deletion, or
modification of this document may occur. This Recommended Standard is therefore subject
to CCSDS document management and change control procedures, which are defined in the
Procedures Manual for the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems. Current
versions of CCSDS documents are maintained at the CCSDS Web site:
http://www.ccsds.org/
Questions relating to the contents or status of this document should be addressed to the
CCSDS Secretariat at the address indicated on page i.
CCSDS 415.1-B-1 Page iii September 2011

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ISO 17810:2014(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION AND
PN RANGING FOR 2 GHz CDMA LINK VIA DATA RELAY SATELLITE
At time of publication, the active Member and Observer Agencies of the CCSDS were:
Member Agencies
– Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)/Italy.
– Canadian Space Agency (CSA)/Canada.
– Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES)/France.
– China National Space Administration (CNSA)/People’s Republic of China.
– Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)/Germany.
– European Space Agency (ESA)/Europe.
– Federal Space Agency (FSA)/Russian Federation.
– Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)/Brazil.
– Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)/Japan.
– National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/USA.
– UK Space Agency/United Kingdom.
Observer Agencies
– Austrian Space Agency (ASA)/Austria.
– Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BFSPO)/Belgium.
– Central Research Institute of Machine Building (TsNIIMash)/Russian Federation.
– China Satellite Launch and Tracking Control General, Beijing Institute of Tracking
and Telecommunications Technology (CLTC/BITTT)/China.
– Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)/China.
– Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST)/China.
– Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)/Australia.
– CSIR Satellite Applications Centre (CSIR)/Republic of South Africa.
– Danish National Space Center (DNSC)/Denmark.
– Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial (DCTA)/Brazil.
– European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
(EUMETSAT)/Europe.
– European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT)/Europe.
– Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA)/Thailand.
– Hellenic National Space Committee (HNSC)/Greece.
– Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)/India.
– Institute of Space Research (IKI)/Russian Federation.
– KFKI Research Institute for Particle & Nuclear Physics (KFKI)/Hungary.
– Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)/Korea.
– Ministry of Communications (MOC)/Israel.
– National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)/Japan.
– National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/USA.
– National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan (NSARK)/Kazakhstan.
– National Space Organization (NSPO)/Chinese Taipei.
– Naval Center for Space Technology (NCST)/USA.
– Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)/Turkey.
– Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO)/Pakistan.
– Swedish Space Corporation (SSC)/Sweden.
– United States Geological Survey (USGS)/USA.
CCSDS 415.1-B-1 Page iv September 2011

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ISO 17810:2014(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION AND
PN RANGING FOR 2 GHz CDMA LINK VIA DATA RELAY SATELLITE
DOCUMENT CONTROL

Document Title Date Status
CCSDS Data Transmission and PN Ranging September Current issue
415.1-B-1 for 2 GHz CDMA Link via Data 2011
Relay Satellite, Recommended
Standard, Issue 1




CCSDS 415.1-B-1 Page v September 2011

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ISO 17810:2014(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION AND
PN RANGING FOR 2 GHz CDMA LINK VIA DATA RELAY SATELLITE
CONTENTS
Section Page
1  INTRODUCTION . 1-1

1.1  PURPOSE . 1-1
1.2  SCOPE . 1-1
1.3  APPLICABILITY . 1-2
1.4  RATIONALE . 1-2
1.5  DOCUMENT STRUCTURE . 1-3
1.6  NOMENCLATURE AND CONVENTIONS . 1-3
1.7  REFERENCES . 1-4

2  OVERVIEW . 2-1

2.1  ARCHITECTURE . 2-1
2.2  SUMMARY OF FUNCTIONS . 2-3
2.3  PN CODE TYPES . 2-6

3  SERVICE AVAILABILITY OF PN SPREAD LINKS FOR
A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM . 3-1

3.1  CCSDS PN CODE ASSIGNMENT . 3-1
3.2  FORWARD AND RETURN DATA SERVICES . 3-1
3.3  COHERENT RETURN . 3-1
3.4  VEHICLE TRACKING . 3-1
3.5  INTEROPERABILITY . 3-1
3.6  FORWARD . 3-1
3.7  RETURN . 3-1
3.8  TIME TRANSFER . 3-2

4  FORWARD SERVICE MODE PN SPREAD SIGNAL FORMAT . 4-1

4.1  GENERAL . 4-1
4.2  COMMAND CHANNEL (I) . 4-1
4.3  COMMAND LINK SIGNAL PARAMETERS. 4-1
4.4  COMMAND LINK PN CODE PROPERTIES . 4-3
4.5  RANGE CHANNEL (Q) . 4-3
4.6  RANGE LINK SIGNAL PARAMETERS . 4-4
4.7  RANGE LINK PN CODE PROPERTIES . 4-4

CCSDS 415.1-B-1 Page vi September 2011

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ISO 17810:2014(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION AND
PN RANGING FOR 2 GHz CDMA LINK VIA DATA RELAY SATELLITE
CONTENTS (continued)
Section Page
5  RETURN SERVICE MODE PN SPREAD SIGNAL FORMAT . 5-1

5.1  GENERAL . 5-1
5.2  COHERENT MODES . 5-1
5.3  NON-COHERENT MODE . 5-4

6  NETWORK ELEMENT REQUIREMENTS . 6-1

6.1  OVERVIEW . 6-1
6.2  TRANSMIT REQUIREMENTS . 6-1
6.3  RECEIVE REQUIREMENTS . 6-1
6.4  PN RANGING CALIBRATION . 6-1
6.5  PN TIME TRANSFER . 6-2

7  USER ELEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR PN SPREADING . 7-1

7.1  OVERVIEW . 7-1
7.2  GENERAL . 7-1
7.3  RECEIVE REQUIREMENTS . 7-1
7.4  PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS . 7-2
7.5  TRANSMIT REQUIREMENTS . 7-2
7.6  RANGING PERFORMANCE . 7-3
7.7  TIME TRANSFER REQUIREMENTS . 7-4
7.8  PN CODE PERFORMANCE . 7-5

ANNEX A SECURITY (INFORMATIVE) . A-1
ANNEX B GLOSSARY (INFORMATIVE) .B-1
ANNEX C INFORMATIVE REFERENCES (INFORMATIVE) . C-1
Figure
1-1  Shift Register with Corresponding Characteristic Polynomial . 1-4
2-1  DSSS System Network Element Architecture . 2-1
2-2  DSSS System User Element Architecture . 2-2
4-1  CCSDS Command Link Gold Code Generator . 4-3
4-2  CCSDS Range Channel Code Generator . 4-4
5-1  Coherent Return Modes PN Code Generator . 5-3
5-2  Non-coherent Return Mode CCSDS PN Gold Code Generator . 5-6
7-1  Time Transfer Interface Timing Diagram . 7-4

CCSDS 415.1-B-1 Page vii September 2011

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ISO 17810:2014(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION AND
PN RANGING FOR 2 GHz CDMA LINK VIA DATA RELAY SATELLITE
CONTENTS (continued)
Table Page
4-1  Forward I Channel Service Signal Parameters . 4-2
4-2  Salient Characteristics of PN Codes for Forward Services . 4-2
4-3  Forward Q Channel PSK Service Signal Parameters . 4-4
5-1  Coherent Return Service Signal Parameters . 5-2
5-2  Non-coherent Return Service Signal Parameters . 5-5

CCSDS 415.1-B-1 Page viii September 2011

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ISO 17810:2014(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION AND
PN RANGING FOR 2 GHz CDMA LINK VIA DATA RELAY SATELLITE
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of this Recommended Standard is to specify a set of Code Division Multiple
Access (CDMA) Direct Sequence (DS) spread spectrum modulation schemes for CCSDS
Users. The schemes described in this Recommended Standard are currently used by NASA,
ESA, and JAXA Users but are considered applicable to a wider CCSDS community. These
schemes are to be used over space-to-space communications links by space missions.
Use of a common set (family) of spreading codes allows for minimum interference among
Users and keeps signals from exceeding power spectral density limitations. The schemes
described here are from the point of view of a LEO satellite or other satellite below GEO
altitude transmitting to a relay satellite at GEO altitude in the 2 GHz frequency band.
The signals can also radiate upon the Earth and be received by an Earth station. Although it
is not the intent of this document, an agency may choose to use the direct-to-Earth link. In
order to avoid interference between such an operation and the Users of the relay link, the
CCSDS recommends that, if any CCSDS member agency chooses such a link, it uses these
codes so as to avoid mutual interference.
CDMA spread spectrum modulation has the inherent characteristic that the codes may be
used for ranging.
The codes in this book are pseudo random and have been specifically chosen to limit the
signal Power Spectral Density (PSD) at the Earth’s surface and minimize Multiple Access
Interference (MAI).
CCSDS recommends that member agencies that require PN ranging via Data Relay Satellite,
use the codes described in this book.
1.2 SCOPE
This Recommended Standard defines CDMA spread spectrum modulation schemes in terms of:
a) the services provided to the Users of this specification;
b) spreading code formats; and
c) the procedures performed to generate and process the code formats.
It does not specify:
a) individual implementations or products;
b) the methods or technologies required to perform the procedures; or
c) the management activities required to configure and control the system.
CCSDS 415.1-B-1 Page 1-1 September 2011

---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
ISO 17810:2014(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION AND
PN RANGING FOR 2 GHz CDMA LINK VIA DATA RELAY SATELLITE
This Recommended Standard provides only those parameter requirements relating to signal
compatibility with the existing SNIP PN spread modulation systems (reference [C1]). There
are many other types of requirements, not specifically related to PN spread modulation signal
formats, which must be met to ensure system compatibility with existing SNIP hardware.
Examples would include forward error correction coding format, data signal formats, etc.
1.3 APPLICABILITY
This Recommended Standard applies to the creation of agency standards and to the future
data communications over space links between CCSDS agencies in cross-support situations.
This Recommended Standard includes comprehensive specification of the data formats and
procedures for inter-agency cross support. It is neither a specification of, nor a design for,
real systems that may be implemented for existing or future missions.
The Recommended Standard specified in this document is to be invoked through the normal
standards programs of each CCSDS agency, and is applicable to those missions for which cross
support based on capabilities described in this Recommended Standard is anticipated. Where
mandatory capabilities are clearly indicated in sections of this Recommended Standard, they
must be implemented when this document is used as a basis for cross support. Where options
are allowed or implied, implementation of these options is subject to specific bilateral cross-
support agreements between the agencies involved.
1.4 RATIONALE
There is a Space Network Interoperability Panel (SNIP) agreement between three of the
CCSDS agencies, NASA, ESA, and JAXA, that use a family of CDMA codes referred to as
the SNIP code family. Recently, other CCSDS space agencies have shown interest in using
similar CDMA techniques. If these agencies used PN spreading codes that were not
compatible with the existing codes, interference and degraded service would be more likely
to occur with both Users of the existing codes and Users of the new codes. The SNIP code
family is limited in number and not sufficient for all of the CCSDS agencies that would like
to participate. In order to promote interoperability and broaden the available set of codes
agencies are permitted to use, CCSDS has developed a new family of codes presented here,
referred to as the CCSDS PN code family, that have the same properties as the codes used by
the SNIP agencies.
The CCSDS believes it is important to document the rationale underlying the
recommendations chosen, so that future evaluations of proposed changes or improvements
will not lose sight of previous decisions.
CCSDS 415.1-B-1 Page 1-2 September 2011

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ISO 17810:2014(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION AND
PN RANGING FOR 2 GHz CDMA LINK VIA DATA RELAY SATELLITE
1.5 DOCUMENT STRUCTURE
This document is divided into seven numbered sections and three annexes:
a) section 1 presents the purpose, scope, applicability, rationale and structure of this
Recommended Standard and lists the conventions used throughout the document;
b) section 2 provides an overview of PN code usage for CDMA spread spectrum links;
c) section 3 provides requirements that are applicable on a system level for managing
CCSDS Spread Spectrum modulation;
d) section 4 specifies forward service mode PN spread signal formats (network-to-User);
e) section 5 specifies return service mode PN spread signal formats (User-t
...

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