Wheeled child conveyances — Pushchairs and prams — Requirements and test methods

This document specifies the safety requirements and test methods for pushchairs and prams, intended for the transportation of one or more children up to three years of age. This document does not apply to toys, pushchairs intended for sport use, pushchairs and prams propelled by a motor, and pushchairs and prams designed for children with special needs. Other relevant standard(s) can apply if any when a pushchair or pram or any part of the pushchair or pram has several functions or can be converted into another function. NOTE The average weight of a three-year-old child corresponds to 15 kg.

Voitures d’enfant — Poussettes et landaus — Exigences et méthodes d’essai

Otroški vozički - Otroški vozički s sedežem in otroški vozički s košaro - Zahteve in preskusne metode

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Dec-2020
Current Stage
6060 - International Standard published
Start Date
15-Dec-2020
Due Date
12-Dec-2020
Completion Date
15-Dec-2020

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 31110
First edition
2020-12
Wheeled child conveyances —
Pushchairs and prams —
Requirements and test methods
Voitures d’enfant — Poussettes et landaus — Exigences et
méthodes d’essai
Reference number
ISO 31110:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 31110:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 31110:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General requirements and test conditions . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Samples . 4
4.3 Principle of the most onerous condition . 4
4.4 Tolerances for test equipment . 5
4.5 Test conditions . 5
4.6 Determination of the protected volume . 5
4.6.1 Protected volume of seat units . 5
4.6.2 Protected volume of pram bodies having a length greater than 800 mm . 7
4.6.3 Protected volume for pram bodies having a maximum internal length of
800 mm and car seats . 8
4.7 Determination of the junction line . 8
4.8 Determination of occupant space . 9
4.8.1 Determination of occupant space for seat unit and car seat . 9
4.8.2 Determination of occupant space for pram body having a length less than
800 mm . 9
4.8.3 Determination of occupant space for pram body having a length greater
than 800 mm . 9
5 Test equipment.10
5.1 Test masses .10
5.1.1 General.10
5.1.2 Test mass A .10
5.1.3 Test mass B .11
5.1.4 Test mass C .12
5.1.5 Test mass D .13
5.1.6 Test mass D .14
0
5.1.7 Test mass F .15
5.1.8 Test mass G .15
5.1.9 Test bar .17
5.2 Test probes .17
5.2.1 Finger probes .17
5.2.2 Conical probes .18
5.3 Angle measuring device .19
5.4 Test ball .21
5.5 Hinged board .21
5.6 Small parts cylinder .21
5.7 Test surface .22
5.8 Rectangular stops .22
5.9 Irregular surface test equipment .22
5.9.1 Obstacles .22
5.9.2 Articulating arms .24
5.10 Test cylinder .24
5.11 Clamp device .25
6 Chemical hazards .26
6.1 General .26
6.2 Requirements .26
6.2.1 General.26
6.2.2 Sampling.27
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 31110:2020(E)

6.3 Migration of certain elements .27
6.4 Phthalates .27
6.5 Azo colorants .28
6.6 Formaldehyde .29
6.7 Flame retardants .29
7 Thermal hazards .30
8 Mechanical hazards .30
8.1 Protective functions .30
8.1.1 Suitability of vehicle .30
8.1.2 Minimum internal height of pram body .33
8.1.3 Restraint system and fasteners .34
8.2 Entrapment hazards .39
8.2.1 Holes and openings .39
8.3 Hazards from moving parts .40
8.3.1 Requirements .40
8.3.2 Shearing hazards .40
8.3.3 Crushing hazards (see F.3.4) .41
8.3.4 Wheels .41
8.3.5 Locking mechanism(s) .41
8.4 Entanglement hazards .45
8.4.1 Requirements .45
8.4.2 Test method .46
8.5 Choking and ingestion hazards .46
8.5.1 Requirements .46
8.5.2 Test methods .47
8.6 Suffocation hazards .48
8.6.1 Internal lining of the pram body and seat unit .48
8.6.2 Requirements — Packaging .48
8.7 Hazards from edges and protrusions .48
8.8 Parking and braking devices .48
8.8.1 Requirements .48
8.8.2 Test methods .49
8.9 Stability .52
8.9.1 Stability of vehicle .52
8.10 Structural integrity .56
8.10.1 Carrying handles and handle anchorage points of pram bodies and seat
units with a carrying function .56
8.10.2 Longitudinal stability of a pram body with carrying handles .57
8.10.3 Strength and durability of attachment devices for pram bodies, seat units,
car seats or carry cots.57
8.10.4 Irregular surface test .58
8.10.5 Dynamic strength .59
8.10.6 Wheel strength .61
8.10.7 Handle strength .64
9 Durability and adhesion of marking .67
9.1 Requirement .67
9.2 Test method .67
10 Product information .67
10.1 General .67
10.2 Marking of product .67
10.3 Purchase information .68
10.4 Instructions for use .68
Annex A (informative) Examples of a folding system .71
Annex B (informative) Articulating arms .72
Annex C (informative) Chemicals .76
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 31110:2020(E)

Annex D (informative) Guidelines for the application of 8.3.5.1.1.3 “Unintentional release
of locking mechanism(s)”.81
Annex E (informative) Examples of moving parts of the canopies inside 100 mm from the
pivot point .84
Annex F (informative) Further information on hazards .87
Bibliography .92
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 31110:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Project Committee ISO/PC 310, Wheeled child conveyances.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 31110:2020(E)
Wheeled child conveyances — Pushchairs and prams —
Requirements and test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements and test methods for pushchairs and prams, intended
for the transportation of one or more children up to three years of age.
This document does not apply to toys, pushchairs intended for sport use, pushchairs and prams
propelled by a motor, and pushchairs and prams designed for children with special needs.
Other relevant standard(s) can apply if any when a pushchair or pram or any part of the pushchair or
pram has several functions or can be converted into another function.
NOTE The average weight of a three-year-old child corresponds to 15 kg.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8124-1:2018, Safety of toys — Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
ISO 8124-2:2014, Safety of toys — Part 2: Flammability
ISO 8124-3:2020, Safety of toys — Part 3: Migration of certain elements
ISO 8124-6:2018, Safety of toys — Part 6: Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products
ISO 14184-1, Textiles — Determination of formaldehyde — Part 1: Free and hydrolysed formaldehyde
(water extraction method)
ISO 14362-1, Textiles — Methods for determination of certain aromatic amines derived from azo colorants —
Part 1: Detection of the use of certain azo colorants accessible with and without extracting the fibres
ISO 14362-3, Textiles — Methods for determination of certain aromatic amines derived from azo
colorants — Part 3: Detection of the use of certain azo colorants, which may release 4-aminoazobenzene
ISO 17226-1, Leather — Chemical determination of formaldehyde content — Part 1: Method using high
performance liquid chromatography
ISO 17234-1, Leather — Chemical tests for the determination of certain azo colorants in dyed leathers —
Part 1: Determination of certain aromatic amines derived from azo colorants
ISO 17234-2, Leather — Chemical tests for the determination of certain azo colorants in dyed leathers —
Part 2: Determination of 4-aminoazobenzene
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 31110:2020(E)

— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
automatic locking device
device that engages with no additional voluntary action by the carer, when the vehicle is erected to its
position of use
3.2
base material
material upon which coatings may be formed or deposited
3.3
braking device
device intended to reduce the speed of the wheeled child conveyance (3.25)
3.4
bumper bar protective covering
component designed and intended as a means to prevent exposure of any underlying accessible foam or
other filling material
Note 1 to entry: Examples include, but are not limited to, woven, knit, coated, laminated, extruded, or calendared
textile-based materials and leathers.
3.5
carry cot
portable bassinet
hand-held bassinet
product consisting of a base, sides, ends and carrying handle(s), within which a child can be laid down
and transported by hand(s)
3.6
chassis
wheeled framework with one or more handles for pushing, pulling and steering, designed to
accommodate and transport one or more of the pram body (3.17), seat unit (3.22) or car seat
3.7
crotch restraint
device positioned between the child’s legs to prevent the child from sliding forwards
3.8
folding system
assembly of moving parts which enables the vehicle to be changed from an erected position to a folded
position and vice versa under the control of the carer
EXAMPLE See Figure A.1.
3.9
footrest
support for the feet, used by the child when sitting
3.10
integrated platform
integrated part of the wheeled child conveyance (3.25) designed to support an additional child in a
standing position
3.11
leg rest
support for the legs, used by the child when sitting
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 31110:2020(E)

3.12
locking device
mechanical component, part of the locking mechanism (3.13), that maintains part(s) of the vehicle
erected in the position of use (e.g. latch(es), hooks, over centre lock) which could be deactivated or
activated by action(s) on the operating device (3.14)
EXAMPLE See Figure A.1.
3.13
locking mechanism
assembly of components consisting of one or more locking device(s) (3.12) and one or more operating
device(s) (3.14)
EXAMPLE See Figure A.1.
3.14
operating device
part of the locking mechanism(s) (3.13) designed to be activated by the carer through one or several
positive action(s)
EXAMPLE See Figure A.1.
3.15
parking device
device to maintain the wheeled child conveyance (3.25) in a stationary position
3.16
pram
vehicle comprising a chassis (3.6) and one or more pram bodies (3.17)
3.17
pram body
carriage
structure with essentially vertical and continuous sides that ends with an internal base designed to
transport one or more children in a primarily horizontal position
3.18
protected volume
volume accessible by the child when sitting or lying in the w
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST ISO 31110:2021
01-februar-2021
Otroški vozički - Otroški vozički s sedežem in otroški vozički s košaro - Zahteve in
preskusne metode
Wheeled child conveyances - Pushchairs and prams - Requirements and test methods
Voitures d’enfant - Poussettes et landaus - Exigences et méthodes d’essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 31110:2020
ICS:
97.190 Otroška oprema Equipment for children
oSIST ISO 31110:2021 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST ISO 31110:2021

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST ISO 31110:2021
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 31110
First edition
2020-12
Wheeled child conveyances —
Pushchairs and prams —
Requirements and test methods
Voitures d’enfant — Poussettes et landaus — Exigences et
méthodes d’essai
Reference number
ISO 31110:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST ISO 31110:2021
ISO 31110:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST ISO 31110:2021
ISO 31110:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General requirements and test conditions . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Samples . 4
4.3 Principle of the most onerous condition . 4
4.4 Tolerances for test equipment . 5
4.5 Test conditions . 5
4.6 Determination of the protected volume . 5
4.6.1 Protected volume of seat units . 5
4.6.2 Protected volume of pram bodies having a length greater than 800 mm . 7
4.6.3 Protected volume for pram bodies having a maximum internal length of
800 mm and car seats . 8
4.7 Determination of the junction line . 8
4.8 Determination of occupant space . 9
4.8.1 Determination of occupant space for seat unit and car seat . 9
4.8.2 Determination of occupant space for pram body having a length less than
800 mm . 9
4.8.3 Determination of occupant space for pram body having a length greater
than 800 mm . 9
5 Test equipment.10
5.1 Test masses .10
5.1.1 General.10
5.1.2 Test mass A .10
5.1.3 Test mass B .11
5.1.4 Test mass C .12
5.1.5 Test mass D .13
5.1.6 Test mass D .14
0
5.1.7 Test mass F .15
5.1.8 Test mass G .15
5.1.9 Test bar .17
5.2 Test probes .17
5.2.1 Finger probes .17
5.2.2 Conical probes .18
5.3 Angle measuring device .19
5.4 Test ball .21
5.5 Hinged board .21
5.6 Small parts cylinder .21
5.7 Test surface .22
5.8 Rectangular stops .22
5.9 Irregular surface test equipment .22
5.9.1 Obstacles .22
5.9.2 Articulating arms .24
5.10 Test cylinder .24
5.11 Clamp device .25
6 Chemical hazards .26
6.1 General .26
6.2 Requirements .26
6.2.1 General.26
6.2.2 Sampling.27
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST ISO 31110:2021
ISO 31110:2020(E)

6.3 Migration of certain elements .27
6.4 Phthalates .27
6.5 Azo colorants .28
6.6 Formaldehyde .29
6.7 Flame retardants .29
7 Thermal hazards .30
8 Mechanical hazards .30
8.1 Protective functions .30
8.1.1 Suitability of vehicle .30
8.1.2 Minimum internal height of pram body .33
8.1.3 Restraint system and fasteners .34
8.2 Entrapment hazards .39
8.2.1 Holes and openings .39
8.3 Hazards from moving parts .40
8.3.1 Requirements .40
8.3.2 Shearing hazards .40
8.3.3 Crushing hazards (see F.3.4) .41
8.3.4 Wheels .41
8.3.5 Locking mechanism(s) .41
8.4 Entanglement hazards .45
8.4.1 Requirements .45
8.4.2 Test method .46
8.5 Choking and ingestion hazards .46
8.5.1 Requirements .46
8.5.2 Test methods .47
8.6 Suffocation hazards .48
8.6.1 Internal lining of the pram body and seat unit .48
8.6.2 Requirements — Packaging .48
8.7 Hazards from edges and protrusions .48
8.8 Parking and braking devices .48
8.8.1 Requirements .48
8.8.2 Test methods .49
8.9 Stability .52
8.9.1 Stability of vehicle .52
8.10 Structural integrity .56
8.10.1 Carrying handles and handle anchorage points of pram bodies and seat
units with a carrying function .56
8.10.2 Longitudinal stability of a pram body with carrying handles .57
8.10.3 Strength and durability of attachment devices for pram bodies, seat units,
car seats or carry cots.57
8.10.4 Irregular surface test .58
8.10.5 Dynamic strength .59
8.10.6 Wheel strength .61
8.10.7 Handle strength .64
9 Durability and adhesion of marking .67
9.1 Requirement .67
9.2 Test method .67
10 Product information .67
10.1 General .67
10.2 Marking of product .67
10.3 Purchase information .68
10.4 Instructions for use .68
Annex A (informative) Examples of a folding system .71
Annex B (informative) Articulating arms .72
Annex C (informative) Chemicals .76
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST ISO 31110:2021
ISO 31110:2020(E)

Annex D (informative) Guidelines for the application of 8.3.5.1.1.3 “Unintentional release
of locking mechanism(s)”.81
Annex E (informative) Examples of moving parts of the canopies inside 100 mm from the
pivot point .84
Annex F (informative) Further information on hazards .87
Bibliography .92
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST ISO 31110:2021
ISO 31110:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Project Committee ISO/PC 310, Wheeled child conveyances.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
oSIST ISO 31110:2021
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 31110:2020(E)
Wheeled child conveyances — Pushchairs and prams —
Requirements and test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements and test methods for pushchairs and prams, intended
for the transportation of one or more children up to three years of age.
This document does not apply to toys, pushchairs intended for sport use, pushchairs and prams
propelled by a motor, and pushchairs and prams designed for children with special needs.
Other relevant standard(s) can apply if any when a pushchair or pram or any part of the pushchair or
pram has several functions or can be converted into another function.
NOTE The average weight of a three-year-old child corresponds to 15 kg.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8124-1:2018, Safety of toys — Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
ISO 8124-2:2014, Safety of toys — Part 2: Flammability
ISO 8124-3:2020, Safety of toys — Part 3: Migration of certain elements
ISO 8124-6:2018, Safety of toys — Part 6: Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products
ISO 14184-1, Textiles — Determination of formaldehyde — Part 1: Free and hydrolysed formaldehyde
(water extraction method)
ISO 14362-1, Textiles — Methods for determination of certain aromatic amines derived from azo colorants —
Part 1: Detection of the use of certain azo colorants accessible with and without extracting the fibres
ISO 14362-3, Textiles — Methods for determination of certain aromatic amines derived from azo
colorants — Part 3: Detection of the use of certain azo colorants, which may release 4-aminoazobenzene
ISO 17226-1, Leather — Chemical determination of formaldehyde content — Part 1: Method using high
performance liquid chromatography
ISO 17234-1, Leather — Chemical tests for the determination of certain azo colorants in dyed leathers —
Part 1: Determination of certain aromatic amines derived from azo colorants
ISO 17234-2, Leather — Chemical tests for the determination of certain azo colorants in dyed leathers —
Part 2: Determination of 4-aminoazobenzene
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
oSIST ISO 31110:2021
ISO 31110:2020(E)

— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
automatic locking device
device that engages with no additional voluntary action by the carer, when the vehicle is erected to its
position of use
3.2
base material
material upon which coatings may be formed or deposited
3.3
braking device
device intended to reduce the speed of the wheeled child conveyance (3.25)
3.4
bumper bar protective covering
component designed and intended as a means to prevent exposure of any underlying accessible foam or
other filling material
Note 1 to entry: Examples include, but are not limited to, woven, knit, coated, laminated, extruded, or calendared
textile-based materials and leathers.
3.5
carry cot
portable bassinet
hand-held bassinet
product consisting of a base, sides, ends and carrying handle(s), within which a child can be laid down
and transported by hand(s)
3.6
chassis
wheeled framework with one or more handles for pushing, pulling and steering, designed to
accommodate and transport one or more of the pram body (3.17), seat unit (3.22) or car seat
3.7
crotch restraint
device positioned between the child’s legs to prevent the child from sliding forwards
3.8
folding system
assembly of moving parts which enables the vehicle to be changed from an erected position to a folded
position and vice versa under the control of the carer
EXAMPLE See Figure A.1.
3.9
footrest
support for the feet, used by the child when sitting
3.10
integrated platform
integrated part of the wheeled child conveyance (3.25) designed to support an additional child in a
standing position
3.11
leg rest
support for the legs, used by the child when sitting
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
oSIST ISO 31110:2021
ISO 31110:2020(E)

3.12
locking device
mechanical component, part of the locking mechanism (3.13), that maintains part(s) of the vehicle
erected in the position of use (e.g. latch(es), hooks, over centre lock) which could be deac
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 31110
ISO/PC 310
Wheeled child conveyances —
Secretariat: AFNOR
Pushchairs and prams —
Voting begins on:
2020­09­08 Requirements and test methods
Voting terminates on:
Voitures d’enfant — Poussettes et landaus — Exigences et méthodes
2020­11­03
d’essai
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
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ISO/FDIS 31110:2020(E)
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2020

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ISO/FDIS 31110:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
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ISO/FDIS 31110:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General requirements and test conditions . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Samples . 4
4.3 Principle of the most onerous condition . 4
4.4 Tolerances for test equipment . 5
4.5 Test conditions . 5
4.6 Determination of the protected volume . 5
4.6.1 Protected volume of seat units . 5
4.6.2 Protected volume of pram bodies having a length greater than 800 mm . 7
4.6.3 Protected volume for pram bodies having a maximum internal length of
800 mm and car seats . 8
4.7 Determination of the junction line . 8
4.8 Determination of occupant space . 9
4.8.1 Determination of occupant space for seat unit and car seat . 9
4.8.2 Determination of occupant space for pram body having a length less than
800 mm . 9
4.8.3 Determination of occupant space for pram body having a length greater
than 800 mm . 9
5 Test equipment.10
5.1 Test masses .10
5.1.1 General.10
5.1.2 Test mass A .10
5.1.3 Test mass B .11
5.1.4 Test mass C .12
5.1.5 Test mass D .13
5.1.6 Test mass D .14
0
5.1.7 Test mass F .15
5.1.8 Test mass G .15
5.1.9 Test bar .17
5.2 Test probes .17
5.2.1 Finger probes .17
5.2.2 Conical probes .18
5.3 Angle measuring device .19
5.4 Test ball .21
5.5 Hinged board .21
5.6 Small parts cylinder .21
5.7 Test surface .22
5.8 Rectangular stops .22
5.9 Irregular surface test equipment .22
5.9.1 Obstacles .22
5.9.2 Articulating arms .24
5.10 Test cylinder .24
5.11 Clamp device .25
6 Chemical hazards .26
6.1 General .26
6.2 Requirements .26
6.2.1 General.26
6.2.2 Sampling.27
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ISO/FDIS 31110:2020(E)

6.3 Migration of certain elements .27
6.4 Phthalates .27
6.5 Azo colorants .28
6.6 Formaldehyde .29
6.7 Flame retardants .29
7 Thermal hazards .30
8 Mechanical hazards .30
8.1 Protective functions .30
8.1.1 Suitability of vehicle .30
8.1.2 Minimum internal height of pram body . 33
8.1.3 Restraint system and fasteners . 34
8.2 Entrapment hazards .39
8.2.1 Holes and openings .39
8.3 Hazards from moving parts .40
8.3.1 Requirements .40
8.3.2 Shearing hazards .40
8.3.3 Crushing hazards (see F.3.4) .41
8.3.4 Wheels .41
8.3.5 Locking mechanism(s) .41
8.4 Entanglement hazards .45
8.4.1 Requirements .45
8.4.2 Test method .46
8.5 Choking and ingestion hazards .46
8.5.1 Requirements .46
8.5.2 Test methods .47
8.6 Suffocation hazards .48
8.6.1 Internal lining of the pram body and seat unit . 48
8.6.2 Requirements — Packaging .48
8.7 Hazards from edges and protrusions .48
8.8 Parking and braking devices .48
8.8.1 Requirements .48
8.8.2 Test methods .49
8.9 Stability .52
8.9.1 Stability of vehicle .52
8.10 Structural integrity .56
8.10.1 Carrying handles and handle anchorage points of pram bodies and seat
units with a carrying function . 56
8.10.2 Longitudinal stability of a pram body with carrying handles . 57
8.10.3 Strength and durability of attachment devices for pram bodies, seat
units, car seats or carry cots . 57
8.10.4 Irregular surface test .58
8.10.5 Dynamic strength .59
8.10.6 Wheel strength .61
8.10.7 Handle strength .63
9 Durability and adhesion of marking .67
9.1 Requirement .67
9.2 Test method .67
10 Product information .67
10.1 General .67
10.2 Marking of product .67
10.3 Purchase information .68
10.4 Instructions for use .68
Annex A (informative) Example of a folding system .71
Annex B (informative) Articulating arms .72
Annex C (informative) Chemicals .77
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ISO/FDIS 31110:2020(E)

Annex D (informative) Guidelines for the application of 8.3.5.1.1.3 “Unintentional release
of locking mechanism(s)”.82
Annex E (informative) Examples of moving parts of the canopies inside 100 mm from the
pivot point .85
Annex F (informative) Further information on hazards .88
Bibliography .93
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ISO/FDIS 31110:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Project Committee ISO/PC 310, Wheeled child conveyances.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 31110:2020(E)
Wheeled child conveyances — Pushchairs and prams —
Requirements and test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements and test methods for pushchairs and prams, intended
for the transportation of one or more children up to three years of age.
This document does not apply to toys, pushchairs intended for sport use, pushchairs and prams
propelled by a motor, and pushchairs and prams designed for children with special needs.
Other relevant standard(s) can apply if any when a pushchair or pram or any part of the pushchair or
pram has several functions or can be converted into another function.
NOTE The average weight of a three-year-old child corresponds to 15 kg.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8124­1:2018, Safety of toys — Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
ISO 8124­2:2014, Safety of toys — Part 2: Flammability
ISO 8124­3:2020, Safety of toys — Part 3: Migration of certain elements
ISO 8124­6:2018, Safety of toys — Part 6: Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products
ISO 14184­1, Textiles — Determination of formaldehyde — Part 1: Free and hydrolysed formaldehyde
(water extraction method)
ISO 14362­1, Textiles — Methods for determination of certain aromatic amines derived from azo colorants —
Part 1: Detection of the use of certain azo colorants accessible with and without extracting the fibres
ISO 14362­3, Textiles — Methods for determination of certain aromatic amines derived from azo
colorants — Part 3: Detection of the use of certain azo colorants, which may release 4-aminoazobenzene
ISO 17226­1, Leather — Chemical determination of formaldehyde content — Part 1: Method using high
performance liquid chromatography
ISO 17234­1, Leather — Chemical tests for the determination of certain azo colorants in dyed leathers —
Part 1: Determination of certain aromatic amines derived from azo colorants
ISO 17234­2, Leather — Chemical tests for the determination of certain azo colorants in dyed leathers —
Part 2: Determination of 4-aminoazobenzene
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
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ISO/FDIS 31110:2020(E)

— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
automatic locking device
device that engages with no additional voluntary action by the carer, when the vehicle is erected to its
position of use
3.2
base material
material upon which coatings may be formed or deposited
3.3
braking device
device intended to reduce the speed of the wheeled child conveyance (3.25)
3.4
bumper bar protective covering
component designed and intended as a means to prevent exposure of any underlying accessible foam or
other filling material
Note 1 to entry: Examples include, but are not limited to, woven, knit, coated, laminated, extruded, or calendared
textile-based materials and leathers.
3.5
carry cot
portable bassinet
hand­held bassinet
product consisting of a base, sides, ends and carrying handle(s), within which a child can be laid down
and transported by hand(s)
3.6
chassis
wheeled framework with one or more handles for pushing, pulling and steering, designed to
accommodate and transport one or more of the pram body (3.17), seat unit (3.22) or car seat
3.7
crotch restraint
device positioned between the child’s legs to prevent the child from sliding forwards
3.8
folding system
assembly of moving parts which enables the vehicle to be changed from an erected position to a folded
position and vice versa under the control of the carer
EXAMPLE See Figure A.1.
3.9
footrest
support for the feet, used by the child when sitting
3.10
integrated platform
integrated part of the wheeled child conveyance (3.25) designed to support an additional child in a
standing position
3.11
leg rest
support for the legs, used by the child when sitting
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ISO/FDIS 31110:2020(E)

3.12
locking device
mechanical component, part of the locking mechanism (3.13), that maintains part(s) of the vehicle
erected in the position of use (e.g. latch(es), hooks, over centre lock) which could be deactivated or
activated by action(s) on the operating device (3.15)
EXAMPLE See Figure A.1.
3.13
locking mechanism
assembly of components consisting of one or more locking device(s) (3.12) and one or more operating
device(s) (3.14)
EXAMPLE See Figure A.1.
3.14
op
...

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