ISO 9809-3:2010
(Main)Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders — Design, construction and testing — Part 3: Normalized steel cylinders
Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders — Design, construction and testing — Part 3: Normalized steel cylinders
ISO 9809-3:2010 specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examination and testing at manufacture of refillable normalized or normalized and tempered seamless steel gas cylinders of water capacities from 0,5 l up to and including 150 l for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases. If desired, cylinders of water capacity less than 0,5 l can be manufactured and certified to be in compliance with ISO 9809-3:2010.
Bouteilles à gaz — Bouteilles à gaz rechargeables en acier sans soudure — Conception, construction et essais — Partie 3: Bouteilles en acier normalisé
L'ISO 9809-3:2010 prescrit les exigences minimales relatives au matériau, à la conception, à la construction et la mise en œuvre, aux modes de fabrication, aux contrôles et aux essais au moment de la fabrication des bouteilles à gaz rechargeables, en acier normalisé, ou normalisé et revenu, sans soudure, d'une capacité en eau comprise entre 0,5 l et 150 l inclus, pour gaz comprimés, liquéfiés ou dissous. Si on le désire, les bouteilles de capacité en eau inférieure à 0,5 l peuvent être fabriquées et certifiées conformément à l'ISO 9809-3:2010.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9809-3
Second edition
2010-04-15
Corrected version
2010-12-01
Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel
gas cylinders — Design, construction and
testing —
Part 3:
Normalized steel cylinders
Bouteilles à gaz — Bouteilles à gaz rechargeables en acier sans
soudure — Conception, construction et essais —
Partie 3: Bouteilles en acier normalisé
Reference number
ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Symbols.3
5 Inspection and testing .4
6 Materials .4
7 Design.6
8 Construction and workmanship .10
9 Type approval procedure.12
10 Batch tests .17
11 Tests/examinations on every cylinder .22
12 Certification.24
13 Marking.24
Annex A (informative) Description and evaluation of manufacturing imperfections and conditions
for rejection of seamless steel gas cylinders at time of final visual inspection by the
manufacturer.25
Annex B (normative) Ultrasonic examination.31
Annex C (informative) Type approval certificate .37
Annex D (informative) Acceptance certificate.38
Bibliography.40
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 9809-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 58, Gas cylinders, Subcommittee SC 3, Cylinder
design.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 9809-3:2000), which has been technically
revised by the following:
a) the reduction of maximum sulfur content in 6.2.3 from 0,020 % to 0,015 %, which is now applicable to all
strength levels;
b) the note in 7.3 regarding limitation of the F factor was deleted (as required by the United Nations
Recommandations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: Model Regulations);
c) the modification of provisions for ultrasonic examination in 8.4 to include ultrasonic examination on the
cylindrical area to be closed, prior to the forming process;
d) the addition of the requirement of a base check according to 9.2.4 for all cylinder types during prototype
testing;
e) the addition of the requirement of a base check according to 9.2.4 for cylinders made from continuously
cast billet material during batch testing.
ISO 9809 consists of the following parts, under the general title Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas
cylinders — Design, construction and testing:
⎯ Part 1: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength less than 1 100 MPa
⎯ Part 2: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength greater than or equal to 1 100 MPa
⎯ Part 3: Normalized steel cylinders
Stainless steel cylinders with tensile strength of less than 1 100 MPa will form the subject of a part 4.
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
This corrected version of ISO 9809-3:2010 incorporates the following corrections.
Clause 4, Symbols: the following row was deleted:
d Maximum permissible deviation of burst profile, in millimetres (see Figure 5b), c) and d)
2
6.1.5: "(see 9.2.6)" was changed to "(see 9.2.4)".
9.2.2.3.1: "the bursting pressure p " was corrected to "the bursting pressure, p " to match the symbol defined
h b
in Article 4.
10.2.1: "the formula in 9.2.1 a)" was corrected to read "the formula in 10.2.1 a)".
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 9809 provides a specification for the design, manufacture, inspection and testing of a
seamless steel cylinder for worldwide usage. The objective is to balance design and economic efficiency
against international acceptance and universal utility.
ISO 9809 (all parts) aims to eliminate existing concerns about climate, duplicate inspections and restrictions
because of a lack of definitive International Standards. This part of ISO 9809 should not be construed as
reflecting on the suitability of the practice of any nation or region.
This part of ISO 9809 addresses the general requirements on design, construction and initial inspection and
testing of pressure receptacles of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous
Goods: Model Regulations.
It is intended to be used under a variety of regulatory regimes, but is suitable for use with the conformity
assessment system in 6.2.2.5 of the above-mentioned Model Regulations.
vi © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders —
Design, construction and testing —
Part 3:
Normalized steel cylinders
1 Scope
This part of ISO 9809 specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship,
manufacturing processes, examination and testing at manufacture of refillable normalized or normalized and
tempered seamless steel gas cylinders of water capacities from 0,5 l up to and including 150 l for compressed,
liquefied and dissolved gases.
NOTE 1 If desired, cylinders of water capacity less than 0,5 l can be manufactured and certified to be in compliance
with this part of ISO 9809.
NOTE 2 For quenched and tempered steel cylinders with maximum tensile strength less than 1 100 MPa, see
ISO 9809-1. For quenched and tempered cylinders with maximum tensile strength W 1 100 MPa, see ISO 9809-2.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 148-1, Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H,
K, N, T)
ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
ISO 7438, Metallic materials — Bend test
ISO 9329-1, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 1: Unalloyed
steels with specified room temperature properties
ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of personnel
ISO 9809-1, Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders — Design, construction and testing —
Part 1: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength less than 1 100 MPa
ISO 13769, Gas cylinders — Stamp marking
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
batch
quantity of up to 200 cylinders plus cylinders for destructive testing of the same nominal diameter, thickness,
length and design made successively on the same equipment, from the same cast of steel and subjected to
the same heat treatment for the same duration of time
3.2
burst pressure
p
b
highest pressure reached in a cylinder during a burst test
3.3
design stress factor
F
ratio of equivalent wall stress at test pressure, p , to guaranteed minimum yield strength, R
h eg
3.4
normalizing
heat treatment in which a cylinder is heated to a uniform temperature above the upper critical point, Ac , of the
3
steel and then cooled in still air
3.5
tempering
toughening heat treatment which follows normalizing, in which the cylinder is heated to a uniform temperature
below the lower critical point, Ac , of the steel
1
3.6
test pressure
p
h
required pressure applied during a pressure test
NOTE It is used for cylinder wall thickness calculation.
3.7
working pressure
settled pressure of a compressed gas at a uniform reference temperature of 15 °C in a full gas cylinder
3.8
yield strength
stress value corresponding to the lower yield strength, R or for steels which do not exhibit a defined yield,
eL
the 0,2 % proof strength (non-proportional extension), R
p0,2
See ISO 6892-1.
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
4 Symbols
a Calculated minimum thickness, in millimetres, of the cylindrical shell
a′ Guaranteed minimum thickness, in millimetres, of the cylindrical shell
a Guaranteed minimum thickness, in millimetres, of a concave base at the knuckle (see Figure 2)
1
a Guaranteed minimum thickness, in millimetres, at the centre of a concave base (see Figure 2)
2
A Percentage elongation after fracture
b Guaranteed minimum thickness, in millimetres, at the centre of a convex base (see Figure 1)
c Maximum permissible deviation of burst profile, in millimetres (see Figure 5)
D Nominal design outside diameter of the cylinder, in millimetres, (see Figure 1 and Figure 2)
D Diameter, in millimetres, of former (see Figure 8)
f
F Design stress factor (variable), see 7.2
h Outside depth (concave base end), in millimetres (see Figure 2)
H Outside height, in millimetres, of domed part (convex head or base end), (see Figure 1)
l Length of cylindrical part of the cylinder, in millimetres (see Figure 3)
L Original gauge length, in millimetres, as defined in ISO 6892-1 (see Figure 7)
o
n Ratio of the diameter of the bend test former to actual thickness of test piece, t
1)
p Measured burst pressure, in bars above atmospheric pressure
b
p Hydraulic test pressure, in bars, above atmospheric pressure
h
p Observed pressure when cylinder starts yielding during hydraulic bursting test, in bars
y
r Inside knuckle radius, in millimetres (see Figures 1 and 2)
R Minimum guaranteed value of the yield strength (see 7.1.1), in megapascals, for the finished
eg
cylinder
R Actual value of the yield strength, in megapascals, as determined by the tensile test (see 10.2)
ea
R Minimum guaranteed value of the tensile strength, in megapascals, for the finished cylinder
mg
R Actual value of the tensile strength, in megapascals, as determined by the tensile test (see 10.2)
ma
S Original cross-sectional area of tensile test piece, in square millimetres according to ISO 6892-1
o
t Actual thickness of the test specimen, in millimetres
t Average cylinder wall thickness at position of testing during the flattening test, in millimetres
m
u Ratio of distance between knife edges or platens in the flattening test to average cylinder wall
thickness at the position of test
V Water capacity of cylinder, in litres
w Width, in millimetres, of the tensile test piece (see Figure 7)
5 5 2
1) 1 bar = 10 Pa = 10 N/m .
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
5 Inspection and testing
NOTE Evaluation of conformity can be carried out according to the regulations recognized by the country(ies) in
which the cylinders are intended to be used.
To ensure that the cylinders conform to this part of ISO 9809, they shall be subject to inspection and testing in
accordance with Clauses 9, 10 and 11 by an inspection body (hereinafter referred to as “the inspector”) authorized
to do so.
Equipment used for measurement, testing and examination during production shall be maintained and
calibrated within a documented quality management system.
6 Materials
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 Materials for the manufacture of normalized or normalized and tempered gas cylinders shall be those
generically classified as carbon-steels or carbon-manganese steels. The maximum actual tensile strength,
R , for cylinders made from those steels shall not exceed 800 MPa.
ma
Other steels specified in ISO 9809-1 or ISO 9809-2 for quenched and tempered cylinders may be used and
subjected to normalizing and tempering as specified in 6.3 provided that they additionally pass the impact test
requirements given in ISO 9809-1, and the maximum actual tensile strength, R , does not exceed 950 MPa.
ma
The steel used shall fall within one of the following categories:
a) internationally recognized cylinder steels;
b) nationally recognized cylinder steels;
c) new cylinder steels resulting from technical progress.
6.1.2 The material used for the manufacture of gas cylinders shall be steel, other than rimming quality, with
non-ageing properties, and shall be fully killed with aluminium and/or silicon. If only aluminium is used for
killing, the metallic aluminium content shall be at least 0,015 %.
Where examination of this non-ageing property is required by the customer, the criteria by which it is to be
specified should be agreed with the customer and inserted in the order.
6.1.3 The cylinder manufacturer shall establish means to identify the cylinders with the cast of steel from
which they are made.
6.1.4 Grades of steel used for cylinder manufacture shall be compatible with the intended gas service,
e.g. corrosive gases, embrittling gases (see ISO 11114-1 and ISO 11114-4).
6.1.5 Wherever continuously cast billet material is used, the manufacturer shall ensure that there are no
deleterious imperfections (porosity) in the material to be used for making cylinders (see 9.2.4).
6.2 Controls on chemical composition
6.2.1 The chemical composition of all steels shall be defined at least by:
⎯ the carbon, manganese and silicon contents in all cases;
⎯ the chromium, nickel and molybdenum contents or other alloying elements intentionally added to the
steel;
⎯ the maximum sulfur and phosphorus contents in all cases.
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
The carbon, manganese and silicon contents shall be given, with tolerances, such that the differences
between the maximum and minimum values of the cast do not exceed the values shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Chemical composition tolerances
Element Maximum content Permissible range
(mass fraction) (mass fraction)
% %
Carbon < 0,30 % 0,06
W 0,30 % 0,07
Manganese All values 0,30
Silicon All values 0,30
The actual content of any element deliberately added shall be reported and their maximum content shall be
representative of good steel making practice.
6.2.2 Except for steels conforming to ISO 9809-1 or ISO 9809-2, the limits on carbon, manganese and
other alloying elements, given in Table 2, shall not be exceeded in the cast analysis of material used.
Table 2 — Limits on carbon, manganese and other alloying elements (mass fraction)
Carbon 0,45 %
Manganese 1,70 %
Chromium 0,20 %
Molybdenum 0,20 %
Nickel 0,20 %
Copper 0,20 %
Combined value of micro alloying elements:
i.e. V, Nb, Ti, B, Zr, Sn 0,15 %
6.2.3 The limits on sulfur and phosphorus, given in Table 3, shall not be exceeded in the cast analysis of
material used.
Table 3 — Maximum sulfur and phosphorus limits (mass fraction)
Sulfur 0,015 %
Phosphorus 0,020 %
Sulfur and phosphorus 0,030 %
6.2.4 The cylinder manufacturer shall obtain and make available certificates of cast (heat) analyses of the
steels supplied for the construction of gas cylinders.
Should check analyses be required, they shall be carried out either on specimens taken during manufacture
from the material in the form as supplied by the steel maker to the cylinder manufacturer, or from finished
cylinders. In any check analysis, the maximum permissible deviation from the limits specified for the cast
analyses shall conform to the values specified in ISO 9329-1.
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
6.3 Heat treatment
The heat treatment process applied to the finished cylinder shall be either normalizing or normalizing and
tempering. The cylinder manufacturer shall certify the heat treatment process applied.
The heat treatment process shall achieve the required mechanical properties.
The actual temperature to which a type of steel is subjected for a given tensile strength shall not deviate by
more than 30 °C from the temperature specified by the cylinder manufacturer.
6.4 Failure to meet test requirements
In the event of failure to meet the test requirements, retesting or reheat treatment and retesting shall be
carried out as follows.
a) If there is evidence of a fault in carrying out a test, or an error of measurement, a further test shall be
performed. If the result of this test is satisfactory, the first test shall be ignored.
b) If the test has been carried out in a satisfactory manner, the cause of test failure shall be identified.
1) If the failure is considered to be due to the heat treatment applied, the manufacturer may subject all
the cylinders representing the nature of the failure to a further heat treatment, e.g. if the failure is in a
test representing the prototype or batch cylinders, test failure shall require reheat treatment of all the
represented cylinders prior to retesting.
This heat treatment shall consist of re-normalizing or re-normalizing and tempering or re-tempering.
Whenever cylinders are reheat treated, the minimum guaranteed wall thickness shall be maintained.
Only the relevant prototype or batch tests needed to prove the acceptability of the batch shall be
performed again. If one or more of these retests prove even partially unsatisfactory, all cylinders of
the batch shall be rejected.
2) If the failure is due to a cause other than the heat treatment applied, all cylinders with imperfections
shall be either rejected or repaired such that the repaired cylinders pass the test(s) required for the
repair. They shall then be re-instated as part of the original batch.
7 Design
7.1 General requirements
7.1.1 The calculation of the wall thickness of the pressure-containing parts shall be related to the
guaranteed minimum yield strength, R , of the material in the finished cylinder.
eg
7.1.2 Cylinders may be designed with one or two openings along the central cylinder axis only.
7.1.3 For calculation purposes, the value of R shall not exceed 0,75 R .
eg mg
7.1.4 The internal pressure upon which the calculation of wall thickness is based shall be the hydraulic test
pressure p .
h
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
7.2 Calculation of cylindrical shell thickness
The guaranteed minimum thickness of the cylindrical shell, a′, shall not be less than that calculated using
Equations (1) and (2). Additionally, condition (3) shall be satisfied:
⎛⎞
10 FRp− 3
D eg h
⎜ ⎟
a=−1 (1)
⎜ ⎟
210 FR
⎜⎟
eg
⎝⎠
where F u 0,85
The wall thickness shall also satisfy Equation (2):
D
aW + 1 (2)
250
with an absolute minimum of a = 1,5 mm.
The burst ratio shall be satisfied by test as given in Equation (3):
p /p W 1,22/(R /R ) (3)
b h eg mg
NOTE It is generally assumed that p = 1,5 times working pressure for compressed gases for cylinders designed and
h
manufactured to this part of ISO 9809.
7.3 Calculation of convex ends (heads and bases)
7.3.1 The thickness, b, at the centre of a convex end shall be not less than that required by the following
criteria: where the inside knuckle radius, r, is not less than 0,075 D, then:
b W 1,5 a for 0,40 > H/D W 0,20
b W a for H/D W 0,40
To obtain a satisfactory stress distribution in the region where the end joins the shell, any thickening of the
end that may be required shall be gradual from the point of juncture, particularly at the base. For the
application of this rule, the point of juncture between the shell and the end is defined by the horizontal lines
indicating dimension H in Figure 1.
Shape b) shall not be excluded from this requirement.
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
Key
1 cylindrical part
Figure 1 — Typical convex ends
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
7.3.2 The cylinder manufacturer shall prove by the pressure cycling test detailed in 9.2.3 that the design is
satisfactory.
The shapes shown in Figure 1 are typical of convex heads and base ends. Shapes a), b), d) and e) are base
ends, and shapes c) and f) are heads.
7.4 Calculation of concave base ends
When concave base ends (see Figure 2) are used, the following design values are recommended:
a W 2a
1
a W 2a
2
h W 0,12D
r W 0,075D
The design drawing shall at least show values for a , a , h and r.
1 2
To obtain a satisfactory stress distribution, the thickness of the cylinder shall increase progressively in the
transition region between the cylindrical part and the base.
The cylinder manufacturer shall in any case prove by the pressure cycling test detailed in 9.2.3 that the design
is satisfactory.
Figure 2 — Concave base end
7.5 Neck design
7.5.1 The external diameter and thickness of the formed neck end of the cylinder shall be adequate for the
torque applied in fitting the valve to the cylinder. The torque may vary according to the diameter of thread, the
form of thread and the sealant used in the fitting of the valve.
NOTE For information on torques, see ISO 13341.
7.5.2 In establishing the minimum thickness, consideration shall be given to obtaining a thickness of wall in
the cylinder neck which will prevent permanent expansion of the neck during the initial and subsequent fittings
of the valve into the cylinder without support of an attachment. The external diameter and thickness of the
formed neck end of the cylinder shall not be damaged (no permanent expansion or crack) by the application of
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 9
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ISO 9809-3:2010(E)
the maximum torque required to fit the valve to the cylinder (see ISO 13341) and the stresses when the
cylinder is subjected to its test pressure. In specific cases (e.g. very thin walled cylinders), where these
stresses cannot be supported by the neck itself, the neck may be designed to require a reinforcement, such
as a neck ring or shrunk-on collar, provided the reinforcement material and dimensions are clearly specified
by the manufacturer and this configuration is part of the type approval procedure.
7.6 Foot rings
When a foot ring is provided, it shall be sufficiently strong and made of material compatible with that of the
cylinder. The shape should preferably be cylindrical and shall give the cylinder sufficient stability. The foot ring
shall be secured to the cylinder by a method other than welding, brazing or soldering. Any gaps which may
form water traps shall be sealed by a method other than welding, brazing or soldering.
7.7 Neck rings
When a neck ring is provided, it shall be of material compatible with that of the cylinder and shall be securely
attached by a method other than welding, brazing or soldering.
The manufacturer shall ensure that the axial load to remove the neck ring is greater than 10 times the weight
of the empty cylinder and not less than 1 000 N and that the torque to turn the neck ring is greater than
100 Nm.
7.8 Design drawing
A fully dimensioned drawing shall be prepared, which includes the specification of the material and details
relevant to the design of the permanent fittings. Dimensions of non-safety related fittings can be agreed
between the customer and manufacturer and need not be shown on the design drawing.
Consideration shall be given to the minimum required impact values at the lowest service temperature, which
may be either − 20 °C or − 50 °C (see 10.4, Table 5). The minimum permissible service temperature shall be
specified on the drawing.
8 Construction and workmanship
8.1 General
The cylinder shall be produced by
a) forging or drop forging from a solid ingot or billet,
b) manufacturing from seamless tube, or
c) pressing from a flat plate.
Cylinders may be designed with one or two openings along the central cylinder axis. Metal shall not be added
in the process of closure of the end. Manufacturing defects shall not be corrected by the plugging of bases.
8.2 Wall thickness
During production, each cylinder or semi-finished shell shall be examined for thickness. The wall thickness at
any point shall be not less than the minimum thickness specified.
10 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
...
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
ISO/TC 58/SC 3 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2008-04-10 2008-06-10
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders —
Design, construction and testing —
Part 3:
Normalized steel cylinders
Bouteilles à gaz — Bouteilles à gaz rechargeables en acier sans soudure — Conception, construction et
essais —
Partie 3: Bouteilles en acier normalisé
[Revision of first edition (ISO 9809-3:2000)]
ICS 23.020.30
ISO/CEN PARALLEL ENQUIRY
The CEN Secretary-General has advised the ISO Secretary-General that this ISO/DIS covers a subject
of interest to European standardization. In accordance with the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as
defined in the Vienna Agreement, consultation on this ISO/DIS has the same effect for CEN
members as would a CEN enquiry on a draft European Standard. Should this draft be accepted, a
final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month FDIS
vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in
the English language only.
Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribué
en version anglaise seulement.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication
stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
©
International Organization for Standardization, 2008
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ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
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ii ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Symbols.3
5 Inspection and testing .3
6 Materials .4
7 Design.6
8 Construction and workmanship .10
9 Type approval procedure.12
10 Batch tests .18
11 Tests/examinations on every cylinder .24
12 Certification.25
13 Marking.26
Annex A (informative) Description, evaluation of manufacturing imperfections and conditions for
rejection of seamless steel gas cylinders at time of final visual inspection by the
manufacturer.27
Annex B (normative) Ultrasonic examination.34
Annex C (informative) Type approval certificate.40
Annex D (informative) Acceptance certificate.41
Bibliography.43
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 9809-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 58, Gas cylinders, Subcommittee SC 3, Cylinder
design.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, ISO 9809-3:2000, which has been technically
revised.
ISO 9809 consists of the following parts, under the general title Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas
cylinders - Design, construction and testing:
⎯ Part 1: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength less than 1 100 MPa
⎯ Part 2: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength greater than or equal to 1 100 MPa
⎯ Part 3: Normalized steel cylinders
⎯ Part 4: Stainless steel cylinders with an R value of less than 1 100 MPa
m
This part of ISO 9809 has been prepared to address the general requirements in Section 6.2.1 of the UN
model regulations for the transportation of dangerous goods ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.xx, as valid at the time of
application. It is intended to be used under a variety of regulatory regimes but has been written so that it is
suitable for use with the conformity assessment system in paragraph 6.2.2.5 of the above mentioned model
regulations.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
Introduction
The purpose of this part of ISO 9809 is to provide a specification for the design, manufacture, inspection and
testing of a cylinder for worldwide usage. The objective is to balance design and economic efficiency against
international acceptance and universal utility.
ISO 9809 aims to eliminate the concern about climate, duplicate inspections and restrictions currently existing
because of lack of definitive International Standards. This standard should not be construed as reflecting on
the suitability of the practice of any nation or region.
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved v
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders —
Design, construction and testing —
Part 3:
Normalized steel cylinders
1 Scope
This part of ISO 9809 sets out minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship,
manufacturing processes, examinations and tests at manufacture of refillable normalized or normalized and
tempered seamless steel gas cylinders of water capacities from 0,5 l up to and including 150 l for compressed,
liquefied and dissolved gases.
NOTE 1 If so desired, cylinders of water capacity less than 0,5 l may be manufactured and certified to this part of
ISO 9809.
NOTE 2 For quenched and tempered cylinders with maximum tensile strength less than 1 100 MPa refer to ISO 9809-1.
For quenched and tempered cylinders with maximum tensile strength ≥ 1 100 MPa refer to ISO 9809-2.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 148-1, Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test – Part 1: Test method
ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K,
N, T)
ISO 6892, Metallic materials — Tensile testing at ambient temperature
ISO 7438, Metallic materials — Bend test
ISO 9329-1, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 1: Unalloyed
steels with specified room temperature properties
ISO 9712:1999, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of personnel
ISO 9809-1, Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders — Design, construction and testing —
Part 1: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength less than 1 100 MPa
ISO 9809-2, Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders — Design, construction, and testing —
Part 2: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength greater than or equal to 1 100 MPa
ISO 10286, Gas cylinders - Terminology
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
ISO 11114-1, Transportable gas cylinders — Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas
contents — Part 1: Metallic materials
ISO 13769, Gas cylinders — Stamp marking
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 9809 the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
yield strength
stress value corresponding to the lower yield strength R or, for steels that do not exhibit a defined yield, the
eL
0,2 % proof strength (non-proportional extension), R (see ISO 6892)
p0,2
3.2
normalizing
heat treatment in which a cylinder is heated to a uniform temperature above the upper critical point (A ) of the
c3
steel and then cooled in still air
3.3
tempering
softening heat treatment which follows normalising, in which the cylinder is heated to a uniform temperature
below the lower critical point (Ac1) of the steel
3.4
batch
quantity of up to 200 cylinders plus cylinders for destructive testing of the same nominal diameter, thickness,
length and design made successively on the same equipment, from the same cast of steel and subjected to
the same heat treatment for the same duration of time
3.5
test pressure
required pressure (p ) applied during a pressure test
h
NOTE It is used for cylinder wall thickness calculation.
3.6
burst pressure (p )
b
highest pressure reached in a cylinder during a burst test
3.7
design stress factor (variable) (F)
ratio of equivalent wall stress at test pressure (ph) to guaranteed minimum yield strength (R )
eg
3.8
working pressure
settled pressure of a compressed gas at a uniform reference temperature of 15 deg. C in a full gas cylinder
(see ISO 10286)
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ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
4 Symbols
Calculated minimum thickness, in millimetres, of the cylindrical shell
a
Guaranteed minimum thickness, in millimetres, of the cylindrical shell
a΄
Guaranteed minimum thickness, in millimetres, of a concave base at the knuckle (see Figure 2)
a
1
Guaranteed minimum thickness, in millimetres, at the centre of a concave base (see Figure 2)
a
2
Percentage elongation after fracture.
A
Guaranteed minimum thickness, in millimetres, at the centre of a convex base (see Figure 1)
b
Maximum permissible deviation of burst profile, in millimetres (see Figure 5b), c) and d)
d
2
Nominal design outside diameter of the cylinder, in millimetres, (see Figure 1)
D
Diameter, in millimetres, of former (see Figure 8)
D
F
Design stress factor (variable), see 7.2
F
Outside depth (concave base end), in millimetres (see Figure 2)
h
Outside height, in millimetres, of domed part (convex head or base end), (see Figure 1)
H
Original gauge length, in millimetres, as defined in ISO 6892 (see Figure 7)
L
o
n Ratio of the diameter of the bend test former to actual thickness of test piece (t).
1)
p Measured burst pressure, in bar above atmospheric pressure
b
Hydraulic test pressure, in bar, above atmospheric pressure
p
h
Observed pressure when cylinder starts yielding during hydraulic bursting test, in bar
p
y
Inside knuckle radius, in millimetres (see Figures 1 and 2)
r
Minimum guaranteed value of the yield strength (see 7.1.1), in MPa, for the finished cylinder
R
eg
Actual value of the yield strength, in MPa, as determined by the tensile test (see 10.2)
R
ea
Minimum guaranteed value of the tensile strength, in MPa, for the finished cylinder
R
mg
Actual value of the tensile strength, in MPa, as determined by the tensile test (see 10.2)
R
ma
Original cross-sectional area of tensile test piece, in square millimetres according to ISO 6892
S
o
Actual thickness of the test specimen, in millimetres
t
Ratio of distance between knife edges or platens in the flattening test to average cylinder wall
u
thickness at the position of test
Water capacity of cylinder, in litres
V
Width, in millimetres, of the tensile test piece (see Figure 7)
w
5 Inspection and testing
Evaluation of conformity is required to be performed in accordance with the relevant regulations of the
country(ies) where the cylinders are used.
5 5 2
1)
1 bar = 10 Pa = 10 N/m .
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ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
To ensure that the cylinders conform to this part of ISO 9809, they shall be subject to inspection and testing in
accordance with clauses 9, 10 and 11 by an authorized inspection body (hereafter referred to as “the
inspector") recognized in the countries of use.
Equipment used for measurement, testing and examination during production shall be maintained and
calibrated within a documented quality management system.
6 Materials
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 Materials for the manufacture of normalized or normalized and tempered gas cylinders shall be those
generically classified as carbon-steels or carbon-manganese steels. The maximum tensile strength for
cylinders made from those steels shall not exceed 800 MPa.
Other steels specified in ISO 9809-1 or ISO 9809-2 for quenched and tempered cylinders may be used and
subjected to normalizing and tempering as specified in 6.3 provided that they additionally pass the impact test
requirements given in ISO 9809-1, and the maximum tensile strength R , does not exceed 950 MPa.
ma
The steel used shall fall within one of the following categories:
a) internationally recognized cylinder steels;
b) nationally recognized cylinder steels;
c) new cylinder steels resulting from technical progress.
6.1.2 The material used for the manufacture of gas cylinders shall be steel, other than rimming quality, with
non-ageing properties, and shall be aluminium and/or silicon killed. If only aluminium is used for killing, the
metallic aluminium content shall be at least 0,015 %.
Where examination of this non-ageing property is required by the customer, the criteria by which it is to be
specified should be agreed with the customer and inserted in the order.
6.1.3 The cylinder manufacturer shall establish means to identify the cylinders with the cast of steel from
which they are made.
6.1.4 Grades of steel used for cylinder manufacture shall be compatible with the intended gas service,
e.g. corrosive gases, embrittling gases (see ISO 11114-1).
6.2 Controls on chemical composition
6.2.1 The chemical composition of all steels shall be defined at least by :
⎯ the carbon, manganese and silicon contents in all cases;
⎯ the chromium, nickel and molybdenum contents or other alloying elements intentionally added to the
steel;
⎯ the maximum sulfur and phosphorus contents in all cases.
The carbon, manganese and silicon contents shall be given, with tolerances, such that the differences
between the maximum and minimum values of the cast do not exceed the values shown in Table 1.
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ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
Table 1 — Chemical composition tolerances
Element Maximum content Permissible range
(m/m) (m/m) %
Carbon < 0,30 % 0,06
≥ 0,30 % 0,07
Manganese All values 0,30
Silicon All values 0,30
The actual content of any element deliberately added shall be reported and their maximum content shall be
representative of good steel making practice.
6.2.2 Except for steels conforming to ISO 9809-1 or ISO 9809-2, the following limits on carbon, manganese,
sulfur, phosphorus and other alloying elements, shall not be exceeded in the cast analysis of material used.
Carbon 0,45 %
Manganese 1,70 %
Chromium 0,20 %
Molybdenum 0,20 %
Nickel 0,20 %
Copper 0,20 %
Combined value of micro alloying elements :
i.e. V, Nb, Ti, B, Zr, Sn 0,15 %
Sulfur 0,015 %
Phosphorus 0,020 %
Sulfur + Phosphorus 0,030 %
6.2.3 The cylinder manufacturer shall obtain and make available certificates of cast (heat) analyses of the
steels supplied for the construction of gas cylinders.
Should check analyses be required, they shall be carried out either on specimens taken during manufacture
from the material in the form as supplied by the steel maker to the cylinder manufacturer, or from finished
cylinders. In any check analysis, the maximum permissible deviation from the limits specified for the cast
analyses shall conform to the values specified in ISO 9329-1.
6.3 Heat treatment
The heat treatment process applied to the finished cylinder shall be either normalizing or normalizing and
tempering. The cylinder manufacturer shall certify the heat treatment process applied.
The heat treatment process shall achieve the required mechanical properties.
The actual temperature to which a type of steel is subjected for a given tensile strength shall not deviate by
more than 30 °C from the temperature specified by the cylinder manufacturer.
6.4 Test requirements
The material of the finished cylinders shall meet the requirements of clauses 9, 10 and 11.
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ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
6.5 Failure to meet test requirements
In the event of failure to meet the test requirements, retesting or re-heat treatment and retesting shall be
carried out as follows:
a) If there is evidence of a fault in carrying out a test, or an error of measurement, a further test shall be
performed. If the result of this test is satisfactory, the first test shall be ignored.
b) If the test has been carried out in a satisfactory manner, the cause of test failure shall be identified.
1) If the failure is considered to be due to the heat treatment applied, the manufacturer may subject all
the cylinders representing the nature of the failure to a further heat treatment e.g. if the failure is in a
test representing the prototype or batch cylinders, test failure shall require re-heat treatment of all the
represented cylinders prior to re-testing.
This heat treatment shall consist of re-normalizing or re-normalizing and tempering or re-tempering.
Whenever cylinders are re-heat treated, the minimum guaranteed wall thickness shall be maintained,
Only the relevant prototype or batch tests needed to prove the acceptability of the batch shall be
performed again. If one or more of these retests prove even partially unsatisfactory, all cylinders of
the batch shall be rejected.
2) If the failure is due to a cause other than the heat treatment applied, all cylinders with imperfections
shall be either rejected or repaired such that the repaired cylinders pass the test(s) required for the
repair. They shall then be re-instated as part of the original batch.
7 Design
7.1 General requirements
7.1.1 The calculation of the wall thickness of the pressure-containing parts shall be related to the guaranteed
minimum yield strength (R ) of the material.
eg
7.1.2 Cylinders may be designed with one or two openings along the central cylinder axis only.
7.1.3 For calculation purposes, the value of R shall not exceed 0,75 R .
eg mg
7.1.4 The internal pressure upon which the calculation of wall thickness is based shall be the hydraulic test
pressure p .
h
7.2 Calculation of cylindrical shell thickness
The guaranteed minimum thickness of the cylindrical shell (a’) shall not be less than that calculated using the
following equations (1) and (2). Additionally condition (3) shall be satisfied:
10 FR −√ 3 p
D
eg h
a= (1− ) (1)
2 10 FR
eg
where F ≤ 0,85
The wall thickness shall also satisfy the formula
6 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
D
a≥ +1 with an absolute minimum of a = 1,5 mm (2)
250
The burst ratio
p /p ≥ 1,22/(R /R ) (3)
b h eg mg
shall be satisfied by test.
NOTE It is generally assumed that p = 1,5 × working pressure for compressed gases for cylinders designed and
h
manufactured to this part of ISO 9809.
7.3 Calculation of convex ends (heads and bases)
7.3.1 The thickness, b, at the centre of a convex end shall be not less than that required by the following
criteria:
where the inside knuckle radius, r, is not less than 0,075 D, then
b ≥ 1,5 a for 0,40 > H/D ≥ 0,20
b ≥ a for H/D ≥ 0,40
To obtain a satisfactory stress distribution in the region where the end joins the shell, any thickening of the
end that may be required shall be gradual from the point of juncture, particularly at the base. For the
application of this rule the point of juncture between the shell and the end is defined by the horizontal lines
indicating dimension H in Figure 1.
Shape B shall not be excluded from this requirement.
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ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
Key
1 cylindrical part
Figure 1 — Typical convex ends
8 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
7.3.2 The cylinder manufacturer shall prove by the pressure cycling test detailed in 9.2.3 that the design is
satisfactory.
The shapes shown in Figure 1 are typical of convex heads and base ends. Shapes A, B, D and E are base
ends, and shapes C and F are heads.
7.4 Calculation of concave base ends
When concave base ends (see Figure 2) are used the following design values are recommended:
a ≥ 2 a
1
a ≥ 2 a
2
h ≥ 0,12 D
r ≥ 0,075 D
The design drawing shall at least show values for a , a , h and r.
1 2
To obtain a satisfactory stress distribution, the thickness of the cylinder shall increase progressively in the
transition region between the cylindrical part and the base.
The cylinder manufacturer shall in any case prove by the pressure cycling test detailed in 9.2.3 that the design
is satisfactory.
Figure 2 — Concave base ends
7.5 Neck design
7.5.1 The external diameter and thickness of the formed neck end of the cylinder shall be adequate for the
torque applied in fitting the valve to the cylinder. The torque may vary according to the diameter of thread, the
form of thread and the sealant used in the fitting of the valve.
NOTE For guidance on torques see ISO 13341.
7.5.2 In establishing the minimum thickness, consideration shall be given to obtaining a thickness of wall in
the cylinder neck which will prevent permanent expansion of the neck during the initial and subsequent fittings
of the valve into the cylinder. The external diameter and thickness of the formed neck end of the cylinder shall
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 9
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ISO/DIS 9809-3.2
not be damaged (no permanent expansion or crack) by the application of the maximum design torque in fitting
the valve to the cylinder and the stresses when the cylinder is subjected to its test pressure. Where the
cylinder is specifically designed to be fitted with neck reinforcement, such as a neck ring or shrunk-on collar,
this may be taken into account (see ISO 13341).
7.6 Foot rings
When a foot ring is provided, it shall be sufficiently strong and made of material compatible with that of the
cylinder. The shape should preferably be cylindrical and shall give the cylinder sufficient stability. The foot ring
shall be secured to the cylinder by a method other than welding, brazing or soldering. Any gaps which may
form water traps shall be sealed by a method other than welding, brazing or soldering.
7.7 Neck rings
When a neck-ring is provided, it shall be of material compatible with that of the cylinder and shall be securely
attached by a method other than welding, brazing or soldering.
The manufacturer shall ensure that the axial load to remove the neck ring is greater than 10 times the weight
of the empty cylinder and not less than 1 000 N, and that the torque to turn the neck-ring is greater than
100 Nm.
7.8 Design drawing
A fully dimensioned drawing shall be prepared which includes the specification of the material and details
relevant to the design of the permanent fittings. Dimensions of non-safety related fittings can be agreed
between the customer and manufacturer and need not be shown on the design drawing.
Consideration shall be given to the minimum required impact values at the lowest service temperature, which
may be either – 20 °C or – 50 °C (see 10.4, Table 3). The minimum permissible service temperature shall be
specified on the drawing.
8 Construction and workmanship
8.1 General
The cylinder shall be produced by
a) forging or drop forging from a solid ingot or billet ;
b) manufacturing from seamless tube ; or
c) pressing from a flat plate.
Cylinders may be designed with one or two
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 9809-3
Deuxième édition
2010-04-15
Version corrigée
2015-10-15
Bouteilles à gaz — Bouteilles à gaz
rechargeables en acier sans soudure —
Conception, construction et essais —
Partie 3:
Bouteilles en acier normalisé
Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders — Design,
construction and testing —
Part 3: Normalized steel cylinders
Numéro de référence
ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
©
ISO 2010
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
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ii © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction.vi
1 Domaine d'application .1
2 Références normatives.1
3 Termes et définitions .2
4 Symboles.2
5 Contrôles et essais.4
6 Matériaux.4
7 Conception.6
8 Construction et exécution .10
9 Procédure d'approbation de type .12
10 Essais par lot .18
11 Essais/vérifications sur chaque bouteille.23
12 Certificats .25
13 Marquage.25
Annexe A (informative) Description et évaluation des défauts de fabrication, et critères de rejet
des bouteilles à gaz en acier sans soudure, au moment de l'examen final effectué par le
fabricant.26
Annexe B (normative) Examen aux ultrasons .32
Annexe C (informative) Certificat d'approbation de type.38
Annexe D (informative) Certificat d'essai de production.39
Bibliographie.41
© ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés iii
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ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale
d'organismes nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des
Normes internationales est en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité
membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les
organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO
participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission
électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour
sont décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des
différents critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent
document a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC,
Partie 2 (voir www.iso.org/directives).
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire
l'objet de droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour
responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les
détails concernant les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits
analogues identifiés lors de l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou
dans la liste des déclarations de brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont
données pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne
sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la signification des termes et expressions spécifiques de l'ISO liés à
l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion de l'ISO aux
principes de l'OMC concernant les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien
suivant: Avant-propos — Informations supplémentaires.
Le comité chargé de l'élaboration du présent document est l'ISO/TC 58, Bouteilles à gaz, sous-
comité SC 3, Construction des bouteilles.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 9809-3:2000), qui fait l'objet
des révisions techniques suivantes:
a) réduction de la teneur maximale en soufre en 6.2.3 de 0,020 % à 0,015 %; cela est
maintenant applicable à tous les niveaux de résistance;
b) la note en 7.3 qui concerne la limitation du facteur F a été supprimée (telle que requis par les
Recommandations relatives au transport des matières dangereuses: Règlement type des Nations
Unies);
c) modification des dispositions relatives à l'examen aux ultrasons en 8.4 afin d'inclure
l'examen aux ultrasons de la zone cylindrique devant être fermée, avant le procédé de
formage;
d) addition d'une exigence de vérification du fond conformément à 9.2.4 pour tous les types de
bouteilles pendant l'essai de prototype;
e) addition d'une exigence de vérification du fond conformément à 9.2.4 pour les bouteilles
fabriquées à partir d'une billette de matière provenant d'une coulée continue, pendant l'essai
par lot.
iv © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
L'ISO 9809 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Bouteilles à gaz —
Bouteilles à gaz rechargeables en acier sans soudure — Conception, construction et essais:
— Partie 1: Bouteilles en acier trempé et revenu ayant une résistance à la traction inférieure à 1 100
MPa
— Partie 2: Bouteilles en acier trempé et revenu ayant une résistance à la traction
supérieure ou égaleà 1 100 MPa
— Partie 3: Bouteilles en acier normalisé
Les bouteilles en acier inoxydable ayant une résistance à la traction inférieure à 1 100 MPa feront
l'objet d'une Partie 4.
La présente version française de l'ISO 9809-3:2010 correspond à la version anglaise publiée le
2010-04-15 et corrigée le 2010-12-01.
La présente version corrigée de la version française de l’ISO 9809-3:2010 inclut les
corrections suivantes:
— Paragraphe 11.2.2, troisième alinéa: à la première ligne, «expansion permanente» a été
remplacé par «expansion volumétrique permanente» et, à la deuxième ligne, «supérieure de 10% à»
a été remplacé par «supérieure à 10% de».
© ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés v
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ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
Introduction
La présente partie de l'ISO 9809 offre une spécification pour la conception, la fabrication, le contrôle et les
essais des bouteilles en acier sans soudure pour usage dans le monde entier. L'objectif est d'arriver à un
équilibre entre les considérations de conception et de rendement économique, d'une part, et les exigences
d'acceptabilité internationale et d'utilité universelle, d'autre part.
L'ISO 9809 (toutes les parties) vise à éliminer toute préoccupation quant au climat, aux contrôles redondants
et aux restrictions actuellement de règle du fait de l'absence de Normes internationales reconnues. Il convient
de ne pas considérer la présente partie de l'ISO 9809 comme le reflet des pratiques d'une nation ou d'une
région quelconque.
La présente partie de l'ISO 9809 aborde les exigences générales de conception, de construction, de contrôle
initial et d'essais des conteneurs sous pression, spécifiées dans les Recommandations relatives au transport
des matières dangereuses: Règlement type des Nations Unies.
Elle est destinée à être utilisée dans le cadre de divers régimes de réglementation mais s'applique également
aux spécifications relatives au système d'évaluation de la conformité énoncées au 6.2.2.5 du règlement type
indiqué ci-dessus.
© ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés vi
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
Bouteilles à gaz — Bouteilles à gaz rechargeables en acier sans
soudure — Conception, construction et essais —
Partie 3:
Bouteilles en acier normalisé
1 Domaine d'application
La présente partie de l'ISO 9809 prescrit les exigences minimales relatives au matériau, à la conception, à la
construction et la mise en œuvre, aux modes de fabrication, aux contrôles et aux essais au moment de la
fabrication des bouteilles à gaz rechargeables, en acier normalisé, ou normalisé et revenu, sans soudure,
d'une capacité en eau comprise entre 0,5 l et 150 l inclus, pour gaz comprimés, liquéfiés ou dissous.
NOTE 1 Si on le désire, les bouteilles de capacité en eau inférieure à 0,5 l peuvent être fabriquées et certifiées
conformément à la présente partie de l'ISO 9809.
NOTE 2 Pour les bouteilles en acier trempé et revenu présentant une résistance maximale à la traction inférieure
à 1 100 MPa, se référer à l'ISO 9809-1. Pour les bouteilles en acier trempé et revenu présentant une résistance maximale
à la traction W 1 100 MPa, se référer à l'ISO 9809-2.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 148-1, Matériaux métalliques — Essai de flexion par choc sur éprouvette Charpy — Partie 1: Méthode
d'essai
ISO 6506-1, Matériaux métalliques — Essai de dureté Brinell — Partie 1: Méthode d'essai
ISO 6508-1, Matériaux métalliques — Essai de dureté Rockwell — Partie 1: Méthode d'essai (échelles A, B, C,
D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)
ISO 6892-1, Matériaux métalliques — Essai de traction — Partie 1: Méthode d'essai à température ambiante
ISO 7438, Matériaux métalliques — Essai de pliage
ISO 9329-1, Tubes en acier sans soudure pour service sous pression — Conditions techniques de livraison —
Partie 1: Aciers non alliés avec caractéristiques spécifiées à température ambiante
ISO 9712:1999, Essais non destructifs — Qualification et certification du personnel
ISO 9809-1, Bouteilles à gaz — Bouteilles à gaz rechargeables en acier sans soudure — Conception,
construction et essais — Partie 1: Bouteilles en acier trempé et revenu ayant une résistance à la traction
inférieure à 1 100 MPa
ISO 13769, Bouteilles à gaz — Marquage
© ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés 1
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ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
lot
quantité pouvant atteindre 200 bouteilles, plus celles nécessaires aux essais destructifs, de diamètre nominal,
épaisseur, longueur et conception identiques, fabriquées de manière consécutive sur une même installation à
partir de la même coulée d'acier et ayant subi le même traitement thermique pendant le même intervalle de
temps
3.2
pression de rupture
p
b
pression la plus haute atteinte dans une bouteille lors d'un essai de rupture
3.3
facteur de contrainte théorique
F
rapport de la contrainte équivalente de paroi à la pression d'épreuve, p , à la limite d'élasticité minimale
h
garantie, R
eg
3.4
recuit de normalisation
traitement thermique au cours duquel une bouteille est portée à une température uniforme supérieure à celle
du point critique supérieur de l'acier, Ac , puis est refroidie en air calme
3
3.5
revenu
traitement thermique d'adoucissement qui suit le recuit de normalisation et au cours duquel une bouteille est
portée à une température uniforme inférieure à celle du point critique inférieur de l'acier, Ac
1
3.6
pression d'épreuve
p
h
pression requise appliquée pendant un essai de pression
NOTE Elle est utilisée pour le calcul d'épaisseur de paroi de la bouteille.
3.7
pression de service
pression établie d'un gaz comprimé à une température de référence uniforme de 15 °C dans une bouteille à
gaz pleine
3.8
limite d'élasticité
valeur de contrainte correspondant à la limite d'élasticité inférieure, R , ou, pour les aciers ne présentant pas
eL
de limite définie, à la limite conventionnelle d'élasticité à 0,2 % (allongement non proportionnel), R
p0,2
Voir l'ISO 6892-1.
4 Symboles
a épaisseur minimale calculée de l'enveloppe cylindrique, exprimée en millimètres
a′ épaisseur minimale garantie de l'enveloppe cylindrique, exprimée en millimètres
a épaisseur minimale garantie d'un fond concave à la jointure, exprimée en millimètres (voir Figure 2)
1
2 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
a épaisseur minimale garantie au centre d'un fond concave, exprimée en millimètres (voir Figure 2)
2
A allongement pour cent après rupture
b épaisseur minimale garantie au centre d'un fond convexe, exprimée en millimètres (voir Figure 1)
c écart maximal autorisé du profil d'éclatement, en millimètres (voir Figure 5)
D diamètre nominal extérieur de la bouteille, exprimé en millimètres (voir Figure 1 et Figure 2)
D diamètre du mandrin, exprimé en millimètres (voir Figure 8)
f
F facteur de contrainte théorique (variable), voir 7.2
h profondeur extérieure (fond concave), exprimée en millimètres (voir Figure 2)
H hauteur extérieure de la partie bombée (ogive ou fond convexe), exprimée en millimètres
(voir Figure 1)
l longueur de la partie cylindrique de la bouteille, exprimée en millimètres (voir Figure 3)
L longueur initiale entre repères, exprimée en millimètres, conformément à l'ISO 6892-1 (voir Figure 7)
o
n rapport du diamètre du mandrin de l'essai de pliage à l'épaisseur réelle de l'éprouvette, t
1)
p pression de rupture mesurée, exprimée en bars , au-dessus de la pression atmosphérique
b
p pression d'épreuve hydraulique, exprimée en bars, au-dessus de la pression atmosphérique
h
p pression à la limite élastique observée pendant l'essai de rupture hydraulique et exprimée en bars
y
r rayon de raccordement interne, exprimé en millimètres (voir Figures 1 et 2)
R valeur minimale garantie de la limite d'élasticité, exprimée en mégapascals (voir 7.1.1) pour la
eg
bouteille finie
R valeur réelle de la limite d'élasticité, exprimée en mégapascals, déterminée par l'essai de résistance
ea
à la traction (voir 10.2)
R valeur minimale garantie de la résistance à la traction, exprimée en mégapascals, pour la bouteille
mg
finie
R valeur réelle de la résistance à la traction, exprimée en mégapascals, déterminée par l'essai de
ma
résistance à la traction (voir 10.2)
S section initiale de l'éprouvette de traction, exprimée en millimètres carrés, conformément à
o
l'ISO 6892-1
t épaisseur réelle de l'éprouvette, exprimée en millimètres
t épaisseur moyenne de la paroi de la bouteille dans la zone d'essai pendant l'essai d'aplatissement,
m
exprimée en millimètres
u rapport de la distance entre les couteaux ou les plateaux pour l'essai d'aplatissement à l'épaisseur
moyenne de la paroi de la bouteille dans la zone de l'essai
V contenance en eau de la bouteille, exprimée en litres
w largeur de l'éprouvette de traction, exprimée en millimètres (voir Figure 7)
5 5 2
1) 1 bar = 10 Pa = 10 N/m .
© ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés 3
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ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
5 Contrôles et essais
NOTE Il convient d'effectuer l'évaluation de la conformité conformément aux règlements reconnus par le ou les pays
dans lesquels les bouteilles sont destinées à être utilisées.
Afin de s'assurer que les bouteilles sont conformes à la présente partie de l'ISO 9809, elles doivent être
soumises aux contrôles et essais conformément aux Articles 9, 10 et 11, réalisés par un organisme de
contrôle (nommé «le contrôleur» par la suite) autorisé à le faire.
Les équipements de mesure, d'essai et de contrôle utilisés pendant la production doivent être entretenus et
étalonnés dans le cadre d'un système de management de la qualité documenté.
6 Matériaux
6.1 Exigences générales
6.1.1 Les matériaux utilisés pour la fabrication des bouteilles à gaz en acier normalisé, ou normalisé et
revenu, doivent être ceux classés généralement dans la catégorie des aciers au carbone ou aciers au
carbone-manganèse. La résistance à la traction réelle maximale, R , pour les bouteilles fabriquées à partir
ma
de ces aciers ne doit pas dépasser 800 MPa.
D'autres aciers autorisés dans l'ISO 9809-1 ou dans l'ISO 9809-2 pour les bouteilles trempées et revenues
peuvent être utilisés et soumis à un recuit de normalisation et à un revenu tels que spécifiés en 6.3, pourvu
qu'ils satisfassent également aux exigences d'essai de résistance aux chocs stipulées dans l'ISO 9809-1, et
que la résistance à la traction réelle maximale, R , ne dépasse pas 950 MPa.
ma
L'acier utilisé doit faire partie de l'une des catégories suivantes:
a) aciers pour bouteilles reconnus au plan international;
b) aciers pour bouteilles reconnus au plan national;
c) nouvelles catégories d'acier pour bouteilles, résultant de progrès techniques.
6.1.2 Les matériaux utilisés pour la fabrication des bouteilles à gaz doivent être des aciers autres que des
aciers effervescents, présentant des qualités de non-vieillissement, et doivent être calmés à l'aluminium et/ou
au silicium. La teneur en aluminium doit être d'au moins 0,015 % si les matériaux sont calmés uniquement à
l'aluminium.
Lorsque le client demande la vérification des qualités de non-vieillissement, les critères à prendre en compte
doivent être spécifiés d'un commun accord et apparaître dans la commande.
6.1.3 Le fabricant de bouteilles doit établir des moyens permettant d'identifier les bouteilles avec les
coulées d'acier à partir desquelles elles ont été fabriquées.
6.1.4 Les nuances d'acier utilisées pour la fabrication des bouteilles doivent être compatibles avec le
service de gaz prévu, par exemple gaz corrosifs ou gaz fragilisants (voir l'ISO 11114-1 et l'ISO 11114-4).
6.1.5 Si une billette de matière provenant d'une coulée continue est utilisée, le fabricant doit s'assurer de
l'absence d'imperfections délétères (porosités) dans le matériau utilisé pour fabriquer les bouteilles (voir 9.2.4).
4 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
6.2 Contrôle de la composition chimique
6.2.1 La composition chimique de tous les aciers doit être définie au minimum de la manière suivante:
⎯ par la teneur en carbone, en manganèse et en silicium, dans tous les cas;
⎯ par la teneur en chrome, en nickel et en molybdène, ou en tous autres éléments d'alliage
intentionnellement ajoutés à l'acier;
⎯ par la teneur maximale en soufre et en phosphore, dans tous les cas.
Les teneurs en carbone, en manganèse et en silicium doivent être données avec des tolérances telles que la
différence entre les valeurs maximales et minimales sur coulée n'excède pas les valeurs données dans le
Tableau 1.
Tableau 1 — Tolérances de composition chimique
Teneur maximale Plage admissible
(fraction massique) (fraction massique)
Élément
% %
Carbone < 0,30 % 0,06
W 0,30 % 0,07
Manganèse Toutes valeurs 0,30
Silicium Toutes valeurs 0,30
La teneur réelle de chaque élément volontairement ajouté doit être consignée et la teneur maximale doit être
conforme aux règles de bonne pratique applicables à la fabrication de l'acier.
6.2.2 Sauf pour les aciers conformes aux exigences de l'ISO 9809-1 ou l'ISO 9809-2, les limites suivantes
en carbone, en manganèse et en autres éléments d'alliage, données dans le Tableau 2, ne doivent pas être
dépassées dans l'analyse sur coulée du matériau utilisé.
Tableau 2 — Limites en carbone, en manganèse et en autres éléments d'alliage (fraction massique)
Carbone 0,45 %
Manganèse 1,70 %
Chrome 0,20 %
Molybdène 0,20 %
Nickel 0,20 %
Cuivre 0,20 %
Valeur combinée de microéléments d'alliage:
c'est-à-dire V, Nb, Ti, B, Zr, Sn 0,15 %
6.2.3 Les limites suivantes en soufre et en phosphore ne doivent pas être dépassées dans l'analyse sur
coulée du matériau utilisé.
Tableau 3 — Limites maximales en soufre et en phosphore (fraction massique)
Soufre 0,015 %
Phosphore 0,020 %
Soufre plus phosphore 0,030 %
© ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés 5
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ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
6.2.4 Le fabricant de bouteilles doit obtenir et fournir les certificats d'analyses chimiques de coulée (à
chaud) des aciers fournis pour la fabrication des bouteilles à gaz.
Lorsque des analyses de vérification sont exigées, elles doivent être réalisées soit sur des échantillons
prélevés pendant la fabrication sur le matériau fourni par l'aciériste au fabricant de bouteilles, soit sur des
bouteilles finies. Dans toute analyse de vérification, les écarts maximaux admissibles par rapport aux limites
spécifiées sur les analyses de coulée doivent être conformes aux valeurs indiquées dans l'ISO 9329-1.
6.3 Traitements thermiques
Le procédé de traitement thermique appliqué aux bouteilles finies doit être soit le recuit de normalisation, soit
le recuit de normalisation plus le revenu. Le fabricant de bouteilles doit certifier le procédé de traitement
thermique appliqué.
Le procédé de traitement thermique doit permettre d'obtenir les propriétés mécaniques requises.
Pour une résistance à la traction donnée, la température réelle appliquée à un type d'acier ne doit pas
s'écarter de plus de 30 °C de la température indiquée par le fabricant de bouteilles.
6.4 Non-conformité aux exigences relatives aux essais
En cas de non-conformité aux exigences des essais, un contre-essai, ou un nouveau traitement thermique
suivi d'un nouvel essai, doivent être effectués comme suit.
a) Lorsqu'il est prouvé qu'une erreur a été commise dans l'exécution de l'essai, ou dans le cas d'une erreur
de mesurage, un nouvel essai doit être effectué. Si ce nouvel essai est satisfaisant, le premier essai doit
être ignoré.
b) Si l'essai a été réalisé de façon satisfaisante, la cause de non-conformité de l'essai doit être identifiée.
1) Si la non-conformité est considérée comme étant due au traitement thermique appliqué, le fabricant
peut soumettre toutes les bouteilles non conformes à un nouveau traitement thermique; par exemple,
si la non-conformité concerne un essai de bouteilles d'un lot ou de prototype, toutes les bouteilles
représentatives doivent faire l'objet d'un nouveau traitement thermique avant le contre-essai.
Ce nouveau traitement thermique doit consister en un nouveau recuit de normalisation, en un
nouveau recuit suivi d'un revenu, ou en un nouveau revenu.
Lorsque les bouteilles sont soumises à un nouveau traitement thermique, l'épaisseur minimale
garantie de la paroi doit être conservée.
Seuls les essais applicables à un prototype ou à un lot doivent être réalisés une nouvelle fois pour
prouver la conformité du nouveau lot. Si un ou plusieurs d'entre eux ne sont pas satisfaisants, même
partiellement, toutes les bouteilles du lot doivent être refusées.
2) Si la non-conformité est due à autre chose que le traitement thermique appliqué, toutes les bouteilles
défectueuses doivent être refusées ou réparées par une méthode approuvée. Si les bouteilles
réparées satisfont à l'essai ou aux essais requis pour la réparation, elles doivent être considérées
comme faisant partie du lot d'origine.
7 Conception
7.1 Exigences générales
7.1.1 Le calcul de l'épaisseur de la paroi des parties soumises à des pressions doit prendre en compte la
valeur minimale garantie de la limite d'élasticité, R , du matériau de la bouteille finie.
eg
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ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
7.1.2 Les bouteilles peuvent être conçues avec une ou deux ouvertures le long de l'axe central de la
bouteille uniquement.
7.1.3 Dans les calculs, la valeur de R ne doit pas dépasser 0,75 R .
eg mg
7.1.4 La pression interne, sur laquelle repose le calcul de l'épaisseur de paroi, doit être la pression
d'épreuve hydraulique, p .
h
7.2 Calcul de l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe cylindrique
L'épaisseur minimale garantie de l'enveloppe cylindrique (a′) ne doit pas être inférieure à l'épaisseur calculée
à l'aide des Équations (1) et (2), et la condition (3) supplémentaire doit être satisfaite:
⎛⎞
10 F R − 3
D P
eg h
⎜⎟
a = 1 − (1)
⎜⎟
210 FR
⎜⎟
eg
⎝⎠
u 0,85.
où F
L'épaisseur de la paroi doit également satisfaire à l'Équation (2):
D
aW + 1 (2)
250
avec un minimum absolu de a = 1,5 mm
Le rapport d'éclatement doit être satisfait par l'essai comme indiqué dans l'Équation (3):
p /p W 1,22/(R /R ) (3)
b h eg mg
NOTE Il est généralement admis que, pour les gaz comprimés, p = 1,5 fois la pression de service, pour les
h
bouteilles à gaz comprimé conçues et fabriquées selon la présente partie de l'ISO 9809.
7.3 Calcul des extrémités convexes (ogives et fonds)
7.3.1 L'épaisseur, b, au centre du fond convexe ne doit pas être inférieure à celle requise pour satisfaire les
critères suivants: si le rayon de raccordement interne, r, n'est pas inférieur à 0,075 D, on doit avoir:
b W 1,5 a pour 0,40 > H/D W 0,20
b W a pour H/D W 0,40
Afin d'obtenir une répartition satisfaisante des contraintes dans la zone de raccordement de l'extrémité à la
partie cylindrique, toute augmentation de l'épaisseur du fond qui peut être requise doit être progressive à
partir du point de raccordement, en particulier au fond. Pour l'application de cette règle, le point de
raccordement, à la Figure 1, entre la partie cylindrique et l'extrémité est défini par la ligne horizontale
indiquant la cote H.
La forme b) ne doit pas être exclue de ces exigences.
© ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés 7
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ISO 9809-3:2010(F)
Légende
1 partie cylindrique
Figure 1 — Extrémités convexes types
8 © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 9809-3:20
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
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