ISO 17682:2013
(Main)Ships and marine technology — Methodology for ship launching utilizing air bags
Ships and marine technology — Methodology for ship launching utilizing air bags
ISO 17682:2013 specifies general guidelines for ship launching utilizing air bags, including the specification of the ship and facilities such as air bags, slipway, towing arrangements, the launching procedure, and safeguards during the ship launching. ISO 17682:2013 is applicable to ships meeting specified requirements and utilizing air bags for launching.
Navires et technologie maritime — Méthodologie pour le lancement de bateau utilisant des coussins gonflables
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17682
First edition
2013-05-01
Ships and marine technology —
Methodology for ship launching
utilizing air bags
Navires et technologie maritime — Méthodologie pour le lancement
de bateau utilisant des coussins gonflables
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Specification for launching ships . 2
5 Requirements for arrangements and equipment . 2
5.1 Slipway . 2
5.2 Air bags . 3
5.3 Towing arrangement . 4
6 Ship launching procedure . 5
6.1 Document preparation . 5
6.2 Planning . 5
6.3 Operating procedure . 6
7 Safeguard for ship launching . 6
Annex A (informative) The arrangements of air bags . 8
Annex B (informative) An example of rolling resistance coefficients (μ) for a typical air bag .11
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee
SC 8, Ship design.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17682:2013(E)
Ships and marine technology — Methodology for ship
launching utilizing air bags
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies general guidelines for ship launching utilizing air bags, including
the specification of the ship and facilities such as air bags, slipway, towing arrangements, the launching
procedure, and safeguards during the ship launching.
This International Standard is applicable to ships meeting the requirements of 4.1 and utilizing air bags
for launching.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2408, Steel wire ropes for general purposes — Minimum requirements
ISO 14409:2011, Ships and marine technology — Ship launching air bags
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
ship launching
conveying a ship from a site to water so that the ship becomes buoyant
3.2
ship shifting
moving a ship from one place to another, such as from the building berth to near the water
3.3
slipway
ramp which is used for launching ships, including the part that extends into the water
Note 1 to entry: The shore-side portion, including the berth, is called the main slipway, while the part that extends
into the water is called the auxiliary slipway.
3.4
transferring from docking blocks
process that encompasses placing the air bags under the ship, filling the air bags to raise the ship off the
building blocks, removing the blocks and letting the ship rest on the air bags
3.5
ground anchor
structure that is in front of the berth and is constructed in the berth, used for mooring the ship, the
hemicycle part above the ground is used to fasten the steel wire ropes and tow the ship
3.6
ship length
L
OA
longitudinal distance, in metres, measured from the forward extreme to the aft-most part of the ship
4 Specification for launching ships
4.1 A ship shall have a flat bottom and be suitable for putting down, filling and rolling air bags. The
bottom acreage of the ship shall be large enough to provide proper contact with the air bags in order to
ensure adequate bearing capacity.
4.2 According to the weight and the length of the ship, the ship to be launched is to be classed as follows:
a) class I: ships of not more than 1 000 tons in weight or not more than 90 m in length (L );
OA
b) class II: ships of more than 1 000 tons but less than or equal to 3 000 tons in weight, or more than
90 m but less than or equal to 120 m in length (L );
OA
c) class III: ships of more than 3 000 tons but less than or equal to 5 000 tons in weight, or more than
120 m but less than or equal to 150 m in length (L );
OA
d) class IV: ships of more than 5 000 tons in weight, or more than 150 m in length (L ).
OA
4.3 The underwater valves and major equipments are to be installed in position, tested, inspected and
approved by shipyard or shipowner.
4.4 All burrs and weld beads on the ship’s bottom plates and all appendages shall be ground smooth
and inspected.
4.5 In all underwater compartments, all the hot work on the shell plating, blasting and painting and
compartment tightness tests shall have been completed and approved by shipowner or classification
society. All loose items shall be secured. All mooring equipment and fittings are to be installed.
4.6 The draft marks and the load lines shall be verified and approved by inspection.
4.7 Outer-hull painting shall have been completed as per the approved paint scheme.
5 Requirements for arrangements and equipment
5.1 Slipway
5.1.1 Shipyard QC shall clear the area where each air bag is to be laid and inflated.
5.1.2 The gradient and the length of the slipway shall be determined according to the size of the ship
and the hydrological condition of the area water.
5.1.3 The bearing capacity of the slipway shall be at least twice as strong as the working pressure of air bags.
5.1.4 For class III and class IV ships, the slipway shall be constructed with reinforced concrete and the
height difference between the right and left sides shall be less than 20 mm. For class II ships, the slipway
shall be constructed with cement concrete and the height difference between the right and left sides shall
be less than 50 mm. For class I ships, the slipway may be an earthen slope and shall be compacted even by
rollers. The height difference between the right and left sides shall be less than 80 mm.
5.1.5 The main slipway shall enable the ship to glide automatically when the ship is off the tow. The
auxiliary slipway shall be determined according to the ship type, the water level at time of launching, the
diameter of the air bags, and the safety requirements.
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
5.2 Air bags
5.2.1 Air bags shall meet the requirements of ISO 14409.
5.2.2 For class III and class IV ships, air bags with bearing capacity of at least 200 kN/m shall be used.
5.2.3 Prior to using any air bag for ship launching, all air bags shall be tested for any potential leakage.
Without applying any external load, an air bag shall be filled to 1,25 times of the rated working pressure,
as shown in Table 3 of ISO 14409:2011, and the pressure shall be maintained for at least one hour.
5.2.4 According to the weight of the ship being launched, the quantity of the air bags needed for this
operation shall be calculated in accordance with Formula (1):
Qg
NK= (1)
CR⋅⋅ L
bd
where
N is the quantity of air bags used for ship launching;
K is a coefficient, in general, K ≥ 1,2;
1 1
Q is the weight of the ship (ton);
g is acceleration of gravity (m/s ), g = 9,8;
C is the block coefficient of the ship being launched;
b
R is the allowable unit bearing capacity of the air bags (kN/m), see Table 3 of ISO 14409:2011;
L is the contact length between the bottom of the ship and the body of the air bag at the midship
d
section (m).
5.2.5 For ship shifting, 2 to 4 additional air bags shall be made ready and available.
5.2.6 For class IV ships, prior to launching, calculations shall be made for transferring from docking
blocks. The product of the bearing load of an air bag times the distance between the air bag and the ship’s
longitudinal centre of gravity shall be less than 1 % of the product of ship’s launching weight times the
distance between the perpendiculars.
5.2.7 The centre to centre distance between two neighbouring air bags shall be less than or equals to
that found in Formula (2) and equals to or be greater than that found in Formula (3).
L/(N – 1) ≤ 6k (2)
L/(N – 1) ≥ πD/2 + 0,3
(3)
where
L is the actual length of the ship bottom that can make contact with the air bags (m);
N is the quantity of air bags used for ship launching;
k is a coefficient, k = 1 for steel ships, k = 0,8 for wooden, aluminium and glass-fibre-reinforced
ships;
D is the nominal diameter of air bags (m).
5.2.8 In general, the long axes of the air bags shall be arranged perpendicular to the direction of ship’s
movement. When it is necessary to move a ship in a curved manner, the long axes of the air bags shall be
arranged perpendicular to the direction of tangent line to the curve.
5.2.9 See Annex A for air bags arrangement.
5.3 Towing arrangement
5.3.1 A windlass shall be used to control the movement of the ship. Tow system that comprises windlass,
steel wire rope and pulley set shall be securely fastened to the ground anchor in front of the berth.
5.3.2 In general, a slow windlass shall be selected for ship launching. The veering speed of the windlass
shall be 9 m/min to 13 m/min.
5.3.3 The forces of the windlass and the steel wire rope are shown in Figure 1 when the ship is being
launched and before gaining any floatation. The maximum tensile force of the steel wire rope shall be
calculated in accordance with Formula (4). The hauling force of windlass’s steel wire shall be checked in
accordance with Formula (5).
Figure 1 — Force components of a ship being launched
v
FQ=⋅gQsincαμ−⋅gQosα + (4)
t
KF
F ≥ (5)
c
N ⋅cosβ
c
where
F is the maximum pulling force of the steel wire rope when the ship is being launched (kN);
α is the angle between the ship, which is borne by air bags, and the horizon (degree);
μ is a friction coefficient of the rolling air bags on the slipway. It shall be determined according
to many factors suc
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17682
First edition
2013-05-01
Ships and marine technology —
Methodology for ship launching
utilizing air bags
Navires et technologie maritime — Méthodologie pour le lancement
de bateau utilisant des coussins gonflables
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Specification for launching ships . 2
5 Requirements for arrangements and equipment . 2
5.1 Slipway . 2
5.2 Air bags . 3
5.3 Towing arrangement . 4
6 Ship launching procedure . 5
6.1 Document preparation . 5
6.2 Planning . 5
6.3 Operating procedure . 6
7 Safeguard for ship launching . 6
Annex A (informative) The arrangements of air bags . 8
Annex B (informative) An example of rolling resistance coefficients (μ) for a typical air bag .11
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee
SC 8, Ship design.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17682:2013(E)
Ships and marine technology — Methodology for ship
launching utilizing air bags
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies general guidelines for ship launching utilizing air bags, including
the specification of the ship and facilities such as air bags, slipway, towing arrangements, the launching
procedure, and safeguards during the ship launching.
This International Standard is applicable to ships meeting the requirements of 4.1 and utilizing air bags
for launching.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2408, Steel wire ropes for general purposes — Minimum requirements
ISO 14409:2011, Ships and marine technology — Ship launching air bags
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
ship launching
conveying a ship from a site to water so that the ship becomes buoyant
3.2
ship shifting
moving a ship from one place to another, such as from the building berth to near the water
3.3
slipway
ramp which is used for launching ships, including the part that extends into the water
Note 1 to entry: The shore-side portion, including the berth, is called the main slipway, while the part that extends
into the water is called the auxiliary slipway.
3.4
transferring from docking blocks
process that encompasses placing the air bags under the ship, filling the air bags to raise the ship off the
building blocks, removing the blocks and letting the ship rest on the air bags
3.5
ground anchor
structure that is in front of the berth and is constructed in the berth, used for mooring the ship, the
hemicycle part above the ground is used to fasten the steel wire ropes and tow the ship
3.6
ship length
L
OA
longitudinal distance, in metres, measured from the forward extreme to the aft-most part of the ship
4 Specification for launching ships
4.1 A ship shall have a flat bottom and be suitable for putting down, filling and rolling air bags. The
bottom acreage of the ship shall be large enough to provide proper contact with the air bags in order to
ensure adequate bearing capacity.
4.2 According to the weight and the length of the ship, the ship to be launched is to be classed as follows:
a) class I: ships of not more than 1 000 tons in weight or not more than 90 m in length (L );
OA
b) class II: ships of more than 1 000 tons but less than or equal to 3 000 tons in weight, or more than
90 m but less than or equal to 120 m in length (L );
OA
c) class III: ships of more than 3 000 tons but less than or equal to 5 000 tons in weight, or more than
120 m but less than or equal to 150 m in length (L );
OA
d) class IV: ships of more than 5 000 tons in weight, or more than 150 m in length (L ).
OA
4.3 The underwater valves and major equipments are to be installed in position, tested, inspected and
approved by shipyard or shipowner.
4.4 All burrs and weld beads on the ship’s bottom plates and all appendages shall be ground smooth
and inspected.
4.5 In all underwater compartments, all the hot work on the shell plating, blasting and painting and
compartment tightness tests shall have been completed and approved by shipowner or classification
society. All loose items shall be secured. All mooring equipment and fittings are to be installed.
4.6 The draft marks and the load lines shall be verified and approved by inspection.
4.7 Outer-hull painting shall have been completed as per the approved paint scheme.
5 Requirements for arrangements and equipment
5.1 Slipway
5.1.1 Shipyard QC shall clear the area where each air bag is to be laid and inflated.
5.1.2 The gradient and the length of the slipway shall be determined according to the size of the ship
and the hydrological condition of the area water.
5.1.3 The bearing capacity of the slipway shall be at least twice as strong as the working pressure of air bags.
5.1.4 For class III and class IV ships, the slipway shall be constructed with reinforced concrete and the
height difference between the right and left sides shall be less than 20 mm. For class II ships, the slipway
shall be constructed with cement concrete and the height difference between the right and left sides shall
be less than 50 mm. For class I ships, the slipway may be an earthen slope and shall be compacted even by
rollers. The height difference between the right and left sides shall be less than 80 mm.
5.1.5 The main slipway shall enable the ship to glide automatically when the ship is off the tow. The
auxiliary slipway shall be determined according to the ship type, the water level at time of launching, the
diameter of the air bags, and the safety requirements.
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
5.2 Air bags
5.2.1 Air bags shall meet the requirements of ISO 14409.
5.2.2 For class III and class IV ships, air bags with bearing capacity of at least 200 kN/m shall be used.
5.2.3 Prior to using any air bag for ship launching, all air bags shall be tested for any potential leakage.
Without applying any external load, an air bag shall be filled to 1,25 times of the rated working pressure,
as shown in Table 3 of ISO 14409:2011, and the pressure shall be maintained for at least one hour.
5.2.4 According to the weight of the ship being launched, the quantity of the air bags needed for this
operation shall be calculated in accordance with Formula (1):
Qg
NK= (1)
CR⋅⋅ L
bd
where
N is the quantity of air bags used for ship launching;
K is a coefficient, in general, K ≥ 1,2;
1 1
Q is the weight of the ship (ton);
g is acceleration of gravity (m/s ), g = 9,8;
C is the block coefficient of the ship being launched;
b
R is the allowable unit bearing capacity of the air bags (kN/m), see Table 3 of ISO 14409:2011;
L is the contact length between the bottom of the ship and the body of the air bag at the midship
d
section (m).
5.2.5 For ship shifting, 2 to 4 additional air bags shall be made ready and available.
5.2.6 For class IV ships, prior to launching, calculations shall be made for transferring from docking
blocks. The product of the bearing load of an air bag times the distance between the air bag and the ship’s
longitudinal centre of gravity shall be less than 1 % of the product of ship’s launching weight times the
distance between the perpendiculars.
5.2.7 The centre to centre distance between two neighbouring air bags shall be less than or equals to
that found in Formula (2) and equals to or be greater than that found in Formula (3).
L/(N – 1) ≤ 6k (2)
L/(N – 1) ≥ πD/2 + 0,3
(3)
where
L is the actual length of the ship bottom that can make contact with the air bags (m);
N is the quantity of air bags used for ship launching;
k is a coefficient, k = 1 for steel ships, k = 0,8 for wooden, aluminium and glass-fibre-reinforced
ships;
D is the nominal diameter of air bags (m).
5.2.8 In general, the long axes of the air bags shall be arranged perpendicular to the direction of ship’s
movement. When it is necessary to move a ship in a curved manner, the long axes of the air bags shall be
arranged perpendicular to the direction of tangent line to the curve.
5.2.9 See Annex A for air bags arrangement.
5.3 Towing arrangement
5.3.1 A windlass shall be used to control the movement of the ship. Tow system that comprises windlass,
steel wire rope and pulley set shall be securely fastened to the ground anchor in front of the berth.
5.3.2 In general, a slow windlass shall be selected for ship launching. The veering speed of the windlass
shall be 9 m/min to 13 m/min.
5.3.3 The forces of the windlass and the steel wire rope are shown in Figure 1 when the ship is being
launched and before gaining any floatation. The maximum tensile force of the steel wire rope shall be
calculated in accordance with Formula (4). The hauling force of windlass’s steel wire shall be checked in
accordance with Formula (5).
Figure 1 — Force components of a ship being launched
v
FQ=⋅gQsincαμ−⋅gQosα + (4)
t
KF
F ≥ (5)
c
N ⋅cosβ
c
where
F is the maximum pulling force of the steel wire rope when the ship is being launched (kN);
α is the angle between the ship, which is borne by air bags, and the horizon (degree);
μ is a friction coefficient of the rolling air bags on the slipway. It shall be determined according
to many factors suc
...
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