ISO 7240-10:2012

Fire detection and alarm systems - Part 10: Point-type flame detectors

This part of ISO 7240 specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for point-type, resettable flame detectors that operate using radiation from a flame for use in fire detection systems installed in buildings. This part of ISO 7240 is not applicable to flame detectors with special characteristics, developed for specific risks. It can be used as guidance in assessing other types of flame detectors not included in this part of ISO 7240. The performance of flame detectors is assessed from results obtained in specific tests. This part of ISO 7240 is not intended to place any other restrictions on the design and construction of such flame detectors.

Systèmes de détection et d'alarme d'incendie — Partie 10: Détecteurs de flammes ponctuels

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 10-May-2012
• ICS: 13.220.20 - Fire protection
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 21/SC 3 - Fire detection and alarm systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 21/SC 3 - Fire detection and alarm systems
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 10-Mar-2025
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO 7240-10:2007 - Fire detection and alarm systems - Part 10: Point-type flame detectors
• Effective Date: 16-Oct-2010

Overview

ISO 7240-10:2012 - "Fire detection and alarm systems - Part 10: Point-type flame detectors" defines requirements, test methods and performance criteria for point-type, resettable flame detectors that operate by sensing flame radiation for use in building fire detection systems. It covers functional and environmental tests, classification of detector sensitivity, marking and data, and guidance for assessing other flame detector types. The standard is not applicable to detectors developed for specific, special risks.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and applicability: Applies to point-type flame detectors that detect flame radiation; excludes special-purpose detectors. Performance is assessed by test results.
• Detector classification: Sensitivity classes are specified (Class 1 = 25 m, Class 2 = 17 m, Class 3 = 12 m, Class 4 = manufacturer-defined). Devices can be declared to multiple classes.
• Response point (D): Defined as the distance at which the detector under test issues an alarm during standardized fire tests.
• Functional requirements:
  • Individual alarm indication: Integral red visual indicator visible at 6 m (specified angular visibility) to identify the detector that alarmed.
  • Ancillary connections: Remote indicators or relays allowed but their failure must not prevent detector operation.
  • Detachable detector monitoring: Means to signal removal of a detector head from its base.
  • Manufacturer and on-site adjustments: Manufacturer settings must be secured; on-site sensitivity adjustments are permitted but subject to safeguards and marking.
  • Ingress protection (IP): IP rating is specified by manufacturer where applicable.
• Environmental and performance tests (Clause 6): Fire sensitivity, reproducibility, repeatability, directional dependence, dazzling, dry heat, cold, damp heat (cyclic and steady), SO2 corrosion, shock, impact, vibration (operational and endurance), supply variation, EMC immunity, IP tests, and detailed test apparatus annexes.

Applications and who uses ISO 7240-10

• Manufacturers of flame detectors use it for product design, performance claims, and CE/market conformity.
• Testing and certification laboratories apply its test methods and acceptance criteria for type approval.
• System designers and integrators reference it when specifying detectors for building fire alarm systems to ensure correct sensitivity and environmental robustness.
• Building owners, facility managers and procurement teams use the standard to select appropriate flame detection for hazardous areas, large-volume spaces or specialized installations.
• Regulatory and code authorities reference it for compliance and approval of fire detection equipment.

Related standards

• ISO 7240-1 (General and definitions) and other parts of ISO 7240 series (heat, smoke detectors, test fires)
• IEC/EN environmental and EMC standards referenced for vibration, temperature, and immunity testing

Keywords: ISO 7240-10, point-type flame detectors, fire detection and alarm systems, flame detector testing, detector classification, response point, sensitivity, EMC, ingress protection.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7240-10
Second edition
2012-05-15
Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 10:
Point-type flame detectors
Systèmes de détection et d’alarme d’incendie —
Partie 10: Détecteurs de flammes ponctuels
Reference number
©
ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 General requirements . 3
5.1 Compliance . 3
5.2 Classification . 3
5.3 Individual alarm indication . 3
5.4 Connection of ancillary devices . 3
5.5 Monitoring of detachable detectors . 3
5.6 Manufacturer adjustments . 3
5.7 On-site sensitivity adjustment . 4
5.8 Ingress protection (IP) — Optional function . 4
5.9 Marking . 4
5.10 Data . 5
5.11 Requirements for software-controlled detectors . 5
6 Tests . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Reproducibility . 9
6.3 Repeatability .10
6.4 Directional dependence .10
6.5 Fire sensitivity . 11
6.6 Dazzling (operational) .14
6.7 Dry heat (operational) .15
6.8 Cold (operational) .16
6.9 Damp heat, cyclic (operational) .16
6.10 Damp heat, steady state (endurance) .17
6.11 Sulfur dioxide (SO ) corrosion (endurance) .18
6.12 Shock (operational) .19
6.13 Impact (operational) .20
6.14 Vibration, sinusoidal (operational) .21
6.15 Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance) .22
6.16 Variation of supply parameters (operational) .23
6.17 EMC immunity tests (operational) .23
6.18 IP — Optional function .24
7 Test report .25
Annex A (normative) Apparatus for response point determination .26
Annex B (normative) Liquid (heptane) fire (TF5) .28
Annex C (normative) Liquid (methylated spirit) fire (TF6) .29
Annex D (normative) Apparatus for dazzling test .30
Annex E (normative) Apparatus for impact test .31
Annex F (informative) Example of methane burner .33
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 7240-10 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 21, Equipment for fire protection and fire fighting,
Subcommittee SC 3, Fire detection and alarm systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7240-10:2007), which has been technically revised.
ISO 7240 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire detection and alarm systems:
— Part 1: General and definitions
— Part 2: Control and indicating equipment
— Part 3: Audible alarm devices
— Part 4: Power supply equipment
— Part 5: Point-type heat detectors
— Part 6: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using electro-chemical cells
— Part 7: Point-type smoke detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
— Part 8: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using an electro-chemical cell in combination with a heat sensor
— Part 9: Test fires for fire detectors [Technical Specification]
— Part 10: Point-type flame detectors
— Part 11: Manual call points
— Part 12: Line type smoke detectors using a transmitted optical beam
— Part 13: Compatibility assessment of system components
— Part 14: Guidelines for drafting codes of practice for design, installation and use of fire detection and fire
alarm systems in and around buildings [Technical Report]
— Part 15: Point type fire detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization sensors in combination
with a heat sensor
— Part 16: Sound system control and indicatiing equipment
— Part 17: Short-circuit isolators
— Part 18: Input/output devices
— Part 19: Design, installation, commissioning and service of sound systems for emergency purposes
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

— Part 20: Aspirating smoke detectors
— Part 21: Routing equipment
— Part 22: Smoke-detection equipment for ducts
— Part 23: Visual alarm devices
— Part 24: Sound-system loudspeakers
— Part 25: Components using radio transmission paths
— Part 27: Point-type fire detectors using a scattered-light, transmitted-light or ionization smoke sensor, an
electrochemical-cell carbon-monoxide sensor and a heat sensor
— Part 28: Fire protection control equipment
Introduction
A fire detection and fire alarm system is required to function satisfactorily, not only in the event of a fire, but also
during and after exposure to conditions likely to be met in practice, such as corrosion, vibration, direct impact,
indirect shock and electromagnetic interference. Some tests specified in this part of ISO 7240 are intended to
assess the performance of the fire detectors under such conditions.
vi © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7240-10:2012(E)
Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 10:
Point-type flame detectors
1 Scope
This part of ISO 7240 specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for point-type, resettable
flame detectors that operate using radiation from a flame for use in fire detection systems installed in buildings.
This part of ISO 7240 is not applicable to flame detectors with special characteristics, developed for specific
risks. It can be used as guidance in assessing other types of flame detectors not included in this part of ISO 7240.
The performance of flame detectors is assessed from results obtained in specific tests. This part of ISO 7240
is not intended to place any other restrictions on the design and construction of such flame detectors.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 209, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition
ISO 7240-1, Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 1: General and definitions
IEC 60064, Tungsten filament lamps for domestic and similar general lighting purposes — Performance requirements
IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing — Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing — Part 2-1: Tests — Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing — Part 2-2: Tests — Test B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing — Part 2-6: Tests — Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing — Part 2-27: Tests — Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-30, Environmental testing — Part 2-30: Tests — Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)
IEC 60068-2-42, Environmental testing — Part 2-42: Tests — Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test for contacts
and connections
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing — Part 2-78:Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
EN 50130-4, Alarm systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard: Immunity
requirements for components of fire, intruder, hold up, CCTV, access control and social alarm systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7240-1 and the following apply.
3.1
detector classification
classification of flame detectors to indicate their relative sensitivity to fire
NOTE Class 1 indicates the highest sensitivity acceptable and class 3 the lowest sensitivity acceptable within this
part of ISO 7240, except for class 4 where the sensitivity is decided by the manufacturer.
3.2
infrared (IR) detector
flame detector responding only to radiation having wavelengths greater than 850 nm
3.3
multiband detector
flame detector that responds to radiation in more than one distinct wavelength range where each range may
contribute to the alarm decision
NOTE The alarm decision may be based on any arithmetic or logical combination of the individual signals.
3.4
response point
D
distance at which the individual flame detector under test gives an alarm signal
NOTE The distance, D, is measured in accordance with 6.1.5.
3.5
sensitivity
measure of the ability of a flame detector to detect fires
NOTE Sensitivity is not necessarily directly related to the response point.
3.6
sensitivity adjustment
any adjustment of the detector or of the alarm criteria within the supply and monitoring equipment that leads to
a change in sensitivity
NOTE See 6.1.2.
3.7
type A
device with no specific ingress protection (IP) rating
3.8
type B
device with ingress protection (IP) rating of IP54C
3.9
ultra-violet (UV) detector
flame detector responding only to radiation having wavelengths less than 300 nm
4 Abbreviated terms
—  EMC electromagnetic compatibility
—  IP ingress protection
—  IR infrared
—  UV ultra-violet
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

5 General requirements
5.1 Compliance
In order to comply with this part of ISO 7240, the detector shall meet the requirements of Clause 5, which shall
be verified visually or by engineering assessment. The detector shall be tested and shall meet the requirements
of the tests as specified in Clause 6 .
5.2 Classification
Detectors shall conform to one or more of the following classifications to which the manufacturer claims
compliance (see Table 1) and according to the requirements of the tests specified in 6.5.
Table 1 — Flame detector classifications
Class Classification distance
m
1 25
2 17
3 12
4 decided by the manufacturer
NOTE Detectors may be classified into more than one class, depending on the results of the assessment.
5.3 Individual alarm indication
5.3.1 Each detector shall be provided with an integral red visual indicator, by which the individual detector that
released an alarm can be identified, until the alarm condition is reset. Where other conditions of the detector
are visually indicated, they shall be clearly distinguishable from the alarm indication, except when the detector
is switched into a service mode. For a detachable detector, the indicator may be integral with the base or the
detector head.
5.3.2 The visual indicator shall be visible from a distance of 6 m in an ambient light intensity up to 500 lx at an
angle of up to:
a) 5° from the axis of the detector in any direction, and
b) 45° from the axis of the detector in at least one direction.
5.4 Connection of ancillary devices
The detector may provide for connections to ancillary devices (remote indicators, control relays, etc.), but open-
or short-circuit failures of these connections shall not prevent the correct operation of the detector.
5.5 Monitoring of detachable detectors
For detachable detectors, a means shall be provided for a remote monitoring system (e.g. the control and
indicating equipment) to detect the removal of the head from the base, in order to give a fault signal.
5.6 Manufacturer adjustments
It shall not be possible to change the manufacturer’s settings except by special means (e.g. the use of a special
code or tool) or by breaking or removing a seal.
5.7 On-site sensitivity adjustment
If there is provision for on-site sensitivity adjustment of the detector, then:
a) for all settings at which the manufacturer claims compliance, the detector shall comply with the requirements
of this part of ISO 7240 and shall achieve a classification corresponding to that marked on the detector for
that setting;
b) for each setting in a), access to the adjustment means shall be possible only by the use of a code or
special tool or by removing the detector from its base or mounting;
c) any setting or settings at which the manufacturer does not claim compliance with this part of ISO 7240
shall only be accessible by the use of a code or special tool, and it shall be clearly marked on the detector
or in the associated data that if these setting or settings are used, the detector does not comply with this
part of ISO 7240.
NOTE These adjustments can be carried out on the detector or on the control and indicating equipment.
5.8 Ingress protection (IP) — Optional function
The IP category (i.e. IP rating) of the detector shall be specified by the manufacturer. No requirement shall
apply to type A flame detectors. Type B flame detectors shall comply with rating IP54C of IEC 60529 (see 6.18).
5.9 Marking
5.9.1 Each detector shall be clearly marked with, or supplied with, the following information:
a) reference to this part of ISO 7240, i.e. ISO 7240-10:2012;
b) name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier;
c) model designation (type or number);
d) classification of the detector, e.g. class 1 (where the detector is classified as class 4, indicate class 4 and
the distance as determined by 6.5.2.3);
e) IP rating (if applicable).
f) mark(s) or code(s), e.g. a serial number or batch code, by which the manufacturer can identify, at least, the date
or batch and place of manufacture and the version number(s) of any software contained within the detector;
g) wiring terminal designations;
h) angle of reception as determined in 6.4;
i) operating wavelength band(s), e.g. UV, IR.
5.9.2 For detachable detectors, the detector head shall be marked with at least a), b), c), d), e), f), h) and i)
from 5.9.1, and the base shall be marked with at least c), i.e. its own model designation, and g).
5.9.3 Where any marking on the device uses symbols or abbreviations not in common use, these shall be
explained in the data supplied with the device.
5.9.4 The marking shall be visible during installation of the detector and shall be accessible during maintenance.
5.9.5 The markings shall not be placed on screws or other easily removable parts.
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

5.10 Data
5.10.1 Detectors shall either be supplied with sufficient technical, installation and maintenance data to enable
their correct installation and operation or, if all of these data are not supplied with each detector, reference to the
appropriate data sheet shall be given on, or with, each detector.
5.10.2 To enable correct operation of the detectors, these data should describe the requirements for the
correct processing of the signals from the detector. This may be in the form of a full technical specification of
these signals, a reference to the appropriate signalling protocol or a reference to suitable types of control and
indicating equipment, etc.
5.10.3 Installation and maintenance data shall include reference to an in situ test method to ensure that
detectors operate correctly when installed.
NOTE Additional information can be required by organizations certifying that detectors produced by a manufacturer
conform to the requirements of this part of ISO 7240.
5.11 Requirements for software-controlled detectors
5.11.1 General
For detectors that rely on software control, the requirements of 5.11.2, 5.11.3 and 5.11.4 shall be met in order to
fulfil the requirements of this part of ISO 7240.
5.11.2 Software documentation
5.11.2.1 The manufacturer shall submit documentation that gives an overview of the software design. This
documentation shall be in sufficient detail for the design to be inspected for compliance with this part of ISO 7240
and shall include at least the following:
a) functional description of the main program flow (e.g. as a flow diagram or structogram), including a brief
description of
1) the modules and the functions that they perform,
2) the way in which the modules interact,
3) the overall hierarchy of the program,
4) the way in which the software interacts with the hardware of the detector,
5) the way in which the modules are called, including any interrupt processing;
b) description of those areas of memory used for each purpose (e.g. the program, site-specific data and
running data);
c) designation by which the software and its version can be uniquely identified.
5.11.2.2 The manufacturer shall prepare and maintain detailed design documentation. This shall be available for
inspection in a manner that respects the manufacturer’s rights for confidentiality. It shall comprise at least the following:
a) overview of the whole system configuration, including all software and hardware components;
b) description of each module of the program, containing at least:
1) the name of the module,
2) a description of the tasks performed,
3) a description of the interfaces, including the type of data transfer, the valid data range and the checking
for valid data;
c) full source code listings, as hard copy or in machine-readable form (e.g. ASCII-code), including all global and
local variables, constants and labels used, and sufficient comment for the program flow to be recognized;
d) details of any software tools used in the design and implementation phase (CASE-Tools, Compilers, etc.).
NOTE This detailed design documentation can be reviewed at the manufacturer’s premises.
5.11.3 Software design
In order to ensure the reliability of the detector, the following requirements for software design apply.
a) The software shall have a modular structure.
b) The design of the interfaces for manually and automatically generated data shall not permit invalid data to
cause error in the program operation.
c) The software shall be designed to avoid the occurrence of deadlock of the program flow.
5.11.4 Storage of programs and data
5.11.4.1 The program used to comply with this part of ISO 7240 and any preset data, such as manufacturer’s
settings, shall be held in non-volatile memory. Writing to areas of memory containing this program and data shall be
possible only by the use of a special tool or code and shall not be possible during normal operation of the detector.
5.11.4.2 Site-specific data shall be held in memory that retains data for at least two weeks without external
power to the detector, unless provision is made for the automatic renewal of such data, following loss of power,
within 1 h of power being restored.
6 Tests
6.1 General
6.1.1 Atmospheric conditions for tests
6.1.1.1 Unless otherwise stated in a test procedure, carry out the testing after the test specimen has been
allowed to stabilize in the standard atmospheric conditions for testing as specified in IEC 60068-1 as follows.
—  temperature: (15 to 35) °C;
—  relative humidity: (25 to 75) %;
—  air pressure: (86 to 106) kPa.
6.1.1.2 The temperature and humidity shall be substantially constant for each environmental test where the
standard atmospheric conditions are applied.
6.1.2 Operating conditions for tests
6.1.2.1 If a test method requires a specimen to be operational, then connect the specimen to suitable supply
and monitoring equipment having the characteristics required by the manufacturer’s data. Unless otherwise
specified in the test method, the supply parameters applied to the specimen shall be set within the manufacturer’s
specified range(s) and shall remain substantially constant throughout the tests. The value chosen for each
parameter shall normally be the nominal value, or the mean of the specified range. If a test procedure requires a
specimen to be monitored to detect any alarm or fault signals, then connections shall be made to any necessary
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ancillary devices, e.g. through wiring to an end-of-line device for collective (conventional) detectors, to allow a
fault signal to be recognized.
6.1.2.2 Unless otherwise specified in the test method, detectors having adjustable sensitivity shall be set to
their highest sensitivity for the conditioning.
6.1.2.3 The details of the supply and monitoring equipment and the alarm criteria used shall be given in the
test report (see Clause 7).
6.1.3 Mounting arrangements
The specimen shall be mounted by its normal means of attachment in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. If these instructions describe more than one method of mounting, then the method considered to
be most unfavourable shall be chosen for each test.
6.1.4 Tolerances
6.1.4.1 Unless otherwise stated, the tolerances for the environmental test parameters shall be as given in the
basic reference standards for the test, e.g. the relevant part of IEC 60068.
6.1.4.2 If a specific tolerance or deviation limit is not specified in a requirement or test procedure, then a
tolerance of ±5 % shall be applied.
6.1.5 Determination of response point
6.1.5.1 Principle
The response point shall be measured by exposing the detector to the radiation from a suitable flame source
and determining the greatest distance at which the detector reliably produces an alarm condition within 30 s of
being exposed to the radiation from the flame.
6.1.5.2 Test apparatus
6.1.5.2.1 The test apparatus shall be as described in Annex A. The design and construction of the apparatus
and the surfaces surrounding the test area shall be such that no significant radiation from the source reaches
the detector apart from that which has passed through the aperture. This means for example that there shall be
no reflection of radiation from the walls or other parts of the apparatus and no spurious radiation from hot flue
gases or hot surfaces around the burner.
6.1.5.2.2 Throughout this test method, the detector shall be aligned relative to its optical axis and the distances
relative to the plane of the detector sensing elements shall be measured. If the detector does not have a
well defined optical axis, then the manufacturer shall nominate an optical axis for the purposes of this test
method. The position of this axis relative to an easily identifiable plane on the detector shall be noted in the
test report (see Clause 7). Similarly, if the detector sensing elements do not lie in a well defined plane, then the
manufacturer shall nominate a plane for the purposes of this test method. The position of this plane relative to
an easily identifiable plane on the detector shall be noted in the test report (see Clause 7).
6.1.5.3 Initial determination
A suitable area for the aperture shall be determined experimentally before the commencement of the test
program such that the response point of one detector, chosen at random from the specimens submitted for
test, lies within the range 1 300 mm to 1 700 mm. The size and shape of the aperture used shall be recorded
and shall be kept constant throughout the test program. For detectors having adjustable sensitivity and whose
adjustment range covers more than one sensitivity class, the appropriate aperture size for each sensitivity
class of detector shall be determined.
6.1.5.4 Source stability
After determining a suitable aperture size and before any determination of response points, the irradiance on
the optical axis of the source shall be measured using the radiometer in accordance with Clause A.5. This
measurement shall be carried out with no modulation of the source and with the aperture unobstructed. The
measured value of irradiance shall be recorded and used as a reference throughout the test program to verify
that the source radiance has not varied by more than 5 %.
6.1.6 Test procedure
6.1.6.1 Connect the specimen to its supply and indicating equipment and allow it to stabilize for a period of
15 min or for a time specified by the manufacturer. During this stabilization period, shield the specimen using
the shutter in accordance with Clause A.3 from all sources of radiation which can affect the determination of the
response point.
6.1.6.2 Before commencing any measurement of the response point, allow the burner to reach a stable
working condition.
6.1.6.3 Vary the distance of the specimen from the source and expose the detector to the source at each
distance for 30 s using the shutter. The response point, D, is the greatest distance, measured between the
aperture and the plane of the specimen sensing element(s), at which the detector reliably produces an alarm
response within each 30 s exposure. If the detector response is known to be dependent on previous exposure to
radiation, then allow sufficient time before each exposure to ensure that previous exposures do not substantially
affect the measurement of the response point.
6.1.6.4 For detectors having stochastic response behaviour, each value of D shall be the mean value of at
least six repetitions of each measurement. Continue repetitions until an additional value changes the average
value of D by less than 5 %.
6.1.7 Reduced functional tests
Where the test procedure calls for a reduced functional test, the detector shall be exposed to a source of
radiation that is sufficient to cause an alarm response from the detector. The nature of the source used and the
duration of the exposure shall be appropriate to the product in question.
6.1.8 Provision for tests
6.1.8.1 The following shall be provided for testing compliance with this part of ISO 7240:
a) for detachable detectors, eight heads and eight bases; for non-detachable detectors, eight specimens;
b) the data required in 5.10.
6.1.8.2 The specimens submitted shall be deemed representative of the manufacturer’s normal production
with regard to their construction and calibration. This implies that the mean response point of the eight specimens
found in the reproducibility test (6.2) should also represent the production mean and that the limits specified in
the reproducibility test should also be applicable to the manufacturer’s production.
6.1.9 Test schedule
The detectors shall be tested according to the test schedule given in Table 2. After the reproducibility test, the
four specimens having the largest value of response point (at the highest sensitivity setting) shall be numbered 1
to 4 and the remainder shall be numbered 5 to 8.
8 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Table 2 — Test schedule
Test Subclause Specimen number(s)
Reproducibility 6.2 all specimens
Repeatability 6.3 1
Directional dependence 6.4 1
Fire sensitivity 6.5 all specimens
Dazzling (operational) 6.6 1
Dry heat (operational) 6.7 2
Cold (operational) 6.8 2
Damp heat, cyclic (operational) 6.9 6
Damp heat, steady state (endurance) 6.10 6
Sulphur dioxide (SO ) corrosion (endurance) 6.11 5
Shock (operational) 6.12 8
Impact (operational) 6.13 7
Vibration, sinusoidal (operational) 6.14 4
Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance) 6.15 4
Variation in supply parameters (operational) 6.16 1
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) immunity tests (operational) 6.17
a
Electrostatic discharge 1
a
Radiated electromagnetic fields 3
a
Conducted disturbances induced by electromagnetic fields 3
a
Fast transient bursts 3
a
Slow high-energy voltage surges 2
Ingress protection — Optional function 6.18 5
a
In the interest of test economy, it is permitted to use the same specimen for more than one EMC test. In that case, the intermediate
functional test(s) on the specimen(s) used for more than one test can be deleted and the full functional test conducted at the end of
the sequence of tests. However, it should be noted that in the event of a failure, it might not be possible to identify which test exposure
caused the failure.
6.1.10 Test report
The test results shall be reported in accordance with Clause 7.
6.2 Reproducibility
6.2.1 Object of test
To show that the sensitivity of the specimen does not vary unduly from specimen to specimen and to establish
response point data for comparison with the response points measured after the environmental tests.
6.2.2 Test procedure
6.2.2.1 Measure the response point of each of the test specimens as specified in 6.1.6 and record each
value of D. For detectors having adjustable sensitivity and whose range of adjustment covers more than one
sensitivity class, repeat the measurement for each marked class.
6.2.2.2 Calculate the mean of these response points, which shall be designated D .
6.2.2.3 For each class setting, designate the maximum response point as D , the lowest response point as
max
D , and the mean as D .
min
6.2.3 Requirements
For each class setting, the ratio D : D shall not be greater than 1,15 and the ratio D : D shall not be
max min
greater than 1,22.
6.3 Repeatability
6.3.1 Object of test
To show that the specimen has a stable behaviour with respect to its response point even after a number of
alarm conditions.
6.3.2 Test procedure
6.3.2.1 Measure the response point of the specimen to be tested six times as specified in 6.1.6.
6.3.2.2 Designate the maximum response point as D , the minimum value as D .
max min
6.3.3 Requirements
The ratio of the response points D : D shall not be greater than 1,14.
max min
6.4 Directional dependence
6.4.1 Object of test
To show that the sensitivity of the specimen is not unduly dependent on the direction of the radiation incident
on the specimen.
6.4.2 Test procedure
6.4.2.1 Mount the specimen on the optical bench with its optical axis coincident with the source optical axis
as shown in Figure 1. Rotate the specimen through an angle, α, about an axis normal to the optical axis and
passing through the point of intersection of the optical axis and the plane of the sensing element(s). Measure
the response value of the specimen as:
αα=15°°,30 .,
max
where α is the maximum half-angle of reception specified for that detector type by the manufacturer.
max
6.4.2.2 With the angle, α, set to α , rotate the specimen about its optical axis through an angle, β, and
max
measure the response point a further seven times:
β = 45°,90°°,,135 180°°°,,,225 270 315°
6.4.2.3 Designate the maximum value of response value at any angle in this test and that measured for the
same specimen in the reproducibility test as D , and the minimum value as D .
max min
6.4.3 Requirements
The ratio of the response points D : D shall not be greater than 1,41.
max min
10 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Key
1 methane gas burner
2 flame
3 burner housing
4 aperture
5 optical axis
6 vertical rotating axis
7 plane of sensing element(s)
8 detector
9 horizontal rotating axis
10 reference point
11 detector support
D response point
Figure 1 — Measurement of directional dependence
6.5 Fire sensitivity
6.5.1 Object of test
To show that the specimen has adequate sensitivity to fire as required for general application in fire detection
systems for buildings, and to determine the sensitivity class or sensitivity classes appropriate for the detector.
6.5.2 Test procedure
6.5.2.1 Principle of test
The test consists of exposing the detectors to the radiation of two types of test fire at known distances, d, to
determine if the detectors are capable of producing an alarm signal within 30 s. The distance shall be chosen in
accordance with the manufacturer’s specification for the intended class or classes of the detector (see 6.5.3).
6.5.2.2 Mounting of specimens
6.5.2.2.1 Mount the eight specimens on a support, with their optical axes in the horizontal plane and at a
height of 1,5 m ± 0,2 m. The horizontal angle of incidence, I , as defined in Figure 2, shall be not greater than 5°.
H
6.5.2.2.2 Connect each specimen to its supply and monitoring equipment as specified in 6.1.2, and allow it to
stabilize in its quiescent condition for at least 15 min before the start of each test fire or for a period specified by
the manufacturer.
6.5.2.2.3 Ensure that the area is free of radiation sources and draughts that can affect the response of the
detectors to the test fire.
6.5.2.3 Test fires
6.5.2.3.1 If the manufacturer specifies class 1, perform the procedure specified in 6.5.2.3.5 to 6.5.2.3.11 with
the distance between the fire and the detectors of 25 m from the plane of the detector sensing elements.
6.5.2.3.2 If the manufacturer specifies class 2, perform the procedure specified in 6.5.2.3.5 to 6.5.2.3.11 with
the distance between the fire and the detectors of 17 m from the plane of the detector sensing elements.
6.5.2.3.3 If the manufacturer specifies class 3, perform the procedure specified in 6.5.2.3.5 to 6.5.2.3.11 with
the distance between the fire and the detectors of 12 m from the plane of the detector sensing elements.
6.5.2.3.4 If the manufacturer specifies class 4, perform the procedure specified in 6.5.2.3.5 to 6.5.2.3.11 with
the distance between the fire and the detectors specified by the manufacturer from the plane of the detector
sensing elements.
6.5.2.3.5 Place the fire tray containing n-heptane in accordance with Annex B.
6.5.2.3.6 Shield the specimen from the fire tray.
6.5.2.3.7 Ignite the fuel and allow it to burn for at least 1 min.
6.5.2.3.8 Remove the shutter and allow the detectors to be exposed to the radiation from the fire for a period
of 30 s. At the end of the 30 s period, shield the detectors from the fire radiation.
6.5.2.3.9 Record the status of each detector during the test.
6.5.2.3.10 If all eight specimens are in the alarm condition, then the detector shall be deemed to respond to the
test fire. If one or more of the specimens has failed to respond, then the detector is deemed to have failed the test.
6.5.2.3.11 Repeat the procedure specified in 6.5.2.3.5 to 6.5.2.3.10 using the methylated spirit fire, in accordance
with Annex C.
12 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

6.5.2.3.12 For detectors having adjustable sensitivity, repeat the above tests for the extreme sensitivity settings.
If the range of adjustment covers more than one sensitivity class, conduct the tests for settings corresponding to
each of the marked classes [see 5.7 a)].
6.5.3 Classification
Classify the detector according to the greatest distance at which all eight specimens respond to each fire type
within the 30 s exposure. At each tested setting for which the manufacturer claims compliance with this part of
ISO 7240, classify the detector response as class 1, 2, 3 or 4 (see 5.2).
Key
1 supply and monitoring equipment
2 screen to be removed during test
3 horizontal optical axis of detectors
4 test fire
5 detectors
D response point
a
H = 1,5 m ± 0,2 m.
b
I = 0° ± 5°.
H
Figure 2 — Fire sensitivity test
6.5.4 Requirements
6.5.4.1 The detector shall attain classification 1, 2, 3 or 4.
6.5.4.2 For detectors having adjustable sensitivity, and for which the adjustment covers more than one
sensitivity class, the sensitivity class determined at each setting shall correspond to that marked on the detector.
6.6 Dazzling (operational)
6.6.1 Object of test
To show that the sensitivity of the specimen is not unduly influenced by the close proximity of artificial light sources.
6.6.2 Test procedure and apparatus
6.6.2.1 Reference
Use the test apparatus and perform the procedure described in Annex D and 6.6.2.2 to 6.6.2.6.
6.6.2.2 State of the specimen during conditioning
Mount the specimen on the optical bench as described in 6.1.3 and connect it to its supply and indicating
equipment as specified in 6.1.2.
6.6.2.3 Conditioning
Condition the specimen in a darkened room for 1 h and then perform the following procedure.
a) Switch the lamp ON for 1 s and then OFF for 1 s. Repeat 20 times.
b) Switch the lamp ON for 2 h.
6.6.2.4 Measurements during conditioning
Monitor the specimen during the conditioning period to detect any alarm or fault signals.
6.6.2.5 Final measurement (light source on)
6.6.2.5.1 Immediately after the continuous exposure [see 6.6.2.3 b)], and with the light source still ON,
determine the response point in accordance with 6.1.6.
6.6.2.5.2 Designate the greater of the response points measured in this test and that measured for the same
specimen in the reproducibility test as D , and the lesser as D .
max min
6.6.2.6 Final measurement (light source off)
6.6.2.6.1 Immediately after the completion of the measurement in 6.6.2.5, switch the light source OFF and
allow the specimen to recover for 5 min. At the end of the recovery period, determine the response point in
accordance with 6.1.6.
6.6.2.6.2 Designate the greater of the response points measured in this test and that measured for the same
specimen in the reproducibility test as D , and the lesser as D .
max min
6.6.3 Requirements
6.6.3.1 No alarm or fault signals shall be given during exposures a) and b) of 6.6.2.3.
6.6.3.2 The ratio of the response point values D : D determined in 6.6.2.5 shall not be greater than 1,26.
max min
14 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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