ISO 23274-1:2013
(Main)Hybrid-electric road vehicles — Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption measurements — Part 1: Non-externally chargeable vehicles
Hybrid-electric road vehicles — Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption measurements — Part 1: Non-externally chargeable vehicles
ISO 23274-1:2013 specifies a chassis dynamometer test procedure to measure the exhaust emissions and the electric energy and fuel consumption for the vehicles. It applies to vehicles with the following characteristics: the vehicle is classified as passenger cars or light duty trucks, as defined in each regional annex; the nominal energy of the rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) is at least 2 % of the total energy consumption over an applicable driving test (ADT); internal combustion engine (ICE) only using liquid fuels (for example, gasoline and diesel fuel). In the case of vehicles with ICE using other fuel [for example, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), hydrogen], this part of ISO 23274 can apply except the measurement of consumed fuel; otherwise the measurement method for those using the corresponding fuel can apply. ISO 23274-1:2013 proposes procedures for correcting the measured emissions and fuel consumption of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), in order to obtain the values when the battery state of charge (SOC) of the RESS does not remain the same between the beginning and the end of an ADT. It can also be applied to measurement procedures for exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of externally chargeable HEVs when a vehicle is not externally charged and operated only in the charge sustaining (CS) state, as described in ISO 23274-2. For CS state, see ISO 23274-2.
Véhicules routiers électriques hybrides — Mesurages des émissions à l'échappement et de la consommation de carburant — Partie 1: Véhicules non rechargeables par des moyens externes
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23274-1
First edition
2013-01-15
Hybrid-electric road vehicles —
Exhaust emissions and fuel
consumption measurements —
Part 1:
Non-externally chargeable vehicles
Véhicules routiers électriques hybrides — Mesurages des émissions à
l’échappement et de la consommation de carburant —
Partie 1: Véhicules non rechargeables par des moyens externes
Reference number
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the
address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test conditions and instrumentation . 3
4.1 Test conditions . 3
4.2 Test instrumentation . 4
5 Measurement of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Test procedure . 5
5.3 Correction of the test results . 5
6 Calculations and expressions . 6
Annex A (informative) Test procedure in Japan. 7
Annex B (informative) Test procedure in Europe .11
Annex C (informative) Test procedure in North America .17
Annex D (informative) Linear correction method using a correction coefficient .21
Annex E (informative) Calculation of allowable range of RESS energy change .23
Annex F (informative) Theory for the linear regression method .25
Bibliography .27
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 23274-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 21,
Electrically propelled road vehicles.
This first edition, together with ISO 23274-2, cancels and replaces ISO 23274:2007, which has been
technically revised.
ISO 23274 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hybrid-electric road vehicles — Exhaust
emissions and fuel consumption measurements:
— Part 1: Non-externally chargeable vehicles
— Part 2: Externally chargeable vehicles
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
Hybrid-electric road vehicles — Exhaust emissions and
fuel consumption measurements —
Part 1:
Non-externally chargeable vehicles
1 Scope
This part of ISO 23274 specifies a chassis dynamometer test procedure to measure the exhaust emissions
and the electric energy and fuel consumption for the vehicles.
This part of ISO 23274 applies to vehicles with the following characteristics:
— the vehicle is classified as passenger cars or light duty trucks, as defined in each regional annex;
— the nominal energy of the rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) is at least 2 % of the total
energy consumption over an applicable driving test (ADT);
— internal combustion engine (ICE) only using liquid fuels (for example, gasoline and diesel fuel).
NOTE 1 In the case of the vehicles with ICE using other fuel [for example, compressed natural gas (CNG),
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), hydrogen], this part of ISO 23274 can apply except the measurement of consumed
fuel; otherwise the measurement method for those using the corresponding fuel can apply.
This part of ISO 23274 proposes procedures for correcting the measured emissions and fuel consumption
of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), in order to obtain the values when the battery state of charge (SOC) of
the RESS does not remain the same between the beginning and the end of an ADT.
It can also be applied to measurement procedures for exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of
externally chargeable HEVs when a vehicle is not externally charged and operated only in the charge
sustaining (CS) state, as described in ISO 23274-2.
NOTE 2 For CS state, see ISO 23274-2.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10521 (all parts), Road vehicles — Road load
ISO/TR 8713, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 8713 and the following apply.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
3.1
applicable driving test
ADT
single driving test schedule which is specified for each region
EXAMPLE Chassis dynamometer test cycle for light-duty vehicles in Japan (JC08), New European Driving
Cycle (NEDC), Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS)
3.2
charge balance of battery
change of charge in battery during fuel consumption measurement
Note 1 to entry: Normally expressed in ampere hours (Ah).
3.3
energy balance of battery
ΔE
RESS
change of battery energy state during an applicable driving test
Note 1 to entry: Normally expressed in watt hours (Wh).
Note 2 to entry: For practical use, the energy balance of RESS is approximated by multiplying the charge balance
of battery in ampere hours (Ah) by the nominal voltage in volts (V). Nominal voltage is defined in ISO 12405-1
or ISO 12405-2.
3.4
externally chargeable HEV
HEV with a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) that is intended to be charged from an external
electric energy source
Note 1 to entry: External charge for the purpose of conditioning of the RESS is not included.
Note 2 to entry: Externally chargeable HEVs are widely known as plug-in HEVs (PHEVs).
3.5
hybrid-electric vehicle
HEV
vehicle with both a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fuelled power source for propulsion
EXAMPLE Internal combustion engine or fuel cell systems are typical types of fuelled power sources.
3.6
non-externally chargeable HEV
HEV with a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) that is not intended to be charged from an
external electric energy source
3.7
rated capacity
supplier’s specification of the total number of ampere hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged
battery pack or system for a specified set of test conditions such as discharge rate, temperature,
discharge cut-off voltage, etc.
3.8
rechargeable energy storage system
RESS
system that stores energy for delivery of electric energy and which is rechargeable
EXAMPLE batteries or capacitors
3.9
regenerative braking
braking with conversion of kinetic energy into electric energy for charging the RESS
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
3.10
state of charge
SOC
available capacity in a battery pack or system
Note 1 to entry: Expressed as a percentage of rated capacity.
4 Test conditions and instrumentation
4.1 Test conditions
4.1.1 General
For test conditions, 4.1.2 to 4.1.4 apply. Otherwise, the regional standards or regulations (see Annex A,
B or C, for example) apply.
4.1.2 Ambient temperature
Tests shall be conducted at ambient temperature of (25 ± 5) °C.
4.1.3 Vehicle conditions
4.1.3.1 Vehicle conditioning
Prior to testing, the test vehicle with RESS shall be stabilized as specified by manufacturers, or the
mileage shall be accumulated to above 3 000 km and less than 15 000 km.
4.1.3.2 Vehicle appendages
Vehicles shall be tested with normal appendages (mirrors, bumpers, etc.). When the vehicle is on the
dynamometer, certain items (e.g. hub caps) should be removed for reasons of safety, where necessary.
4.1.3.3 Vehicle test mass
The vehicle test mass shall be selected in accordance with the regional standards and/or regulations
(see Annex A, B or C, for example).
4.1.3.4 Tyres
4.1.3.4.1 General
The correctly rated tyres as recommended by the vehicle manufacturer shall be used.
4.1.3.4.2 Tyre pressure
The vehicle tyres shall be inflated to the pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer in accordance
with the test chosen (track or chassis dynamometer).
4.1.3.4.3 Tyre conditioning
The tyres shall be conditioned as recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.
4.1.3.5 Lubricants
The vehicle lubricants normally specified by the manufacturer shall be used.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
4.1.3.6 Gear shifting
If the vehicle is fitted with a manually shifted gear box, gear shifting positions shall correspond to the
regional test procedure (see A, B or C, for example). However, the shift positions should be selected and
determined in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer’s specification.
4.1.3.7 Regenerative braking
If the vehicle has regenerative braking, the regenerative braking system shall be enabled for all
dynamometer testing except where specified in 4.1.4.4 Determining the dynamometer load coefficient.
If the vehicle is tested on a single axle dynamometer and is equipped with systems such as an antilock
braking system (ABS) or a traction control system (TCS), those systems may inadvertently interpret the
non-movement of the set of wheels that are off the dynamometer as a malfunctioning system. If so, these
systems shall be temporarily disabled for adjustment to achieve normal operation of the remaining
vehicle systems, including the regenerative braking system.
4.1.3.8 RESS conditioning
The RESS shall be conditioned with the vehicle as specified in 4.1.3.1, or by equivalent conditioning.
4.1.4 Chassis dynamometer conditions
4.1.4.1 General
The vehicle should generally be tested on a single axle chassis dynamometer. A vehicle with four-wheel
drive shall be tested by modifying the drive train of the vehicle. When the vehicle is modified, the details
shall be explained in the test report.
Double axle chassis dynamometer testing should be performed if a modification for single axle chassis
dynamometer testing is not possible for a specific four-wheel drive vehicle.
4.1.4.2 Dynamometer calibration
The dynamometer shall be calibrated in accordance with the specifications indicated in the service
manual provided by the dynamometer manufacturers.
4.1.4.3 Dynamometer warm-up
The dynamometer shall be warmed up sufficiently prior to testing.
4.1.4.4 Determining the dynamometer load coefficient
The determination of vehicle road load and the reproduction on a chassis dynamometer shall conform
to ISO 10521. Vehicles equipped with regenerative braking systems that are activated at least in part
when the brake pedal is not depressed shall have regenerative braking disabled during the deceleration
portion of coast-down testing on both the test track and dynamometer.
4.2 Test instrumentation
Test instrumentation shall have accuracy levels as shown in Table 1, unless specified differently in
Annex A, B, or C.
4 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
Table 1 — Accuracy of measured vehicles
Item Unit Accuracy
Time s ± 0,1 s
Distance m ± 0,1 %
Temperature °C 1 °C
Speed km/h ± 1 %
Mass kg ± 0,5 %
Current A ± 0,5 %
Capacitor voltage V ± 0,5 % of nominal voltage
5 Measurement of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption
5.1 General
The appropriate procedure for a particular region shall be selected from Annex A, B or C, for Japan,
Europe or North America, respectively. Common procedures are described below.
5.2 Test procedure
5.2.1 Vehicle preconditioning
Vehicle preconditioning shall be carried out in accordance with the corresponding annex of regional test
procedure, if necessary.
If necessary, the RESS SOC may be pre-adjusted by charging or discharging, to obtain a suitable energy
balance of RESS between the beginning and the end of the test.
5.2.2 Vehicle soak
The vehicle shall be soaked in accordance with the appropriate regional procedure in Annex A, B or C.
5.2.3 Vehicle movement to the test room
When the vehicle is brought into the test room, and moved during the test if necessary, it shall be
pushed or towed (neither driven nor regenerative recharged.). The test vehicle shall be set on the chassis
dynamometer after the chassis dynamometer has warmed up just before the test. The vehicle shall not
be activated during soak until right before starting the test.
5.2.4 Measurement over ADT
Energy balance of RESS, consumed fuel and exhaust emissions shall be measured in each ADT. The
conditions of the vehicle during the ADT shall follow the appropriate regional test procedure (see
Annex A, B or C, for example).
5.3 Correction of the test results
5.3.1 General
Measured fuel consumption and exhaust emissions shall be corrected if these test results are influenced
by RESS energy balance during the test. However, the correction is not necessary if the RESS energy
balance satisfies the conditions in 5.3.2.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 5
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
5.3.2 Allowable range of RESS energy balance
The correction is not necessary if RESS energy balance is within the following range:
ΔEE≤×00, 1 (1)
RESS CF
where
ΔE is the energy change in RESS over the ADT;
RESS
E is the energy of consumed fuel over the ADT.
CF
Practical methods that apply to battery and capacitor are described in Annex E.
5.3.3 Correction procedure by correction coefficient
The vehicle manufacturer shall deliver the correction coefficient to calculate the fuel consumption
and the exhaust emission at ΔE = 0. The correction coefficient can be obtained in accordance with
RESS
Annex D. When the measured value is independent of ΔE , a correction is not required.
RESS
6 Calculations and expressions
Resultant exhaust emission and fuel consumption for an ADT shall be calculated in accordance with the
regional requirement in Annex A, B or C.
6 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
Annex A
(informative)
Test procedure in Japan
A.1 General
This Annex describes the procedures and related conditions in Japan (JC08 mode) to measure the exhaust
emissions and fuel consumption of the passenger cars and light duty trucks defined in Japan Regulations.
Japan Regulations are written as “Announcement that Prescribes Details of Safety Regulations for Road
Vehicles (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism [MLIT] Announcement No. 619, 2002;
1)
Attachment 42)”, TRIAS 99-006-01 and TRIAS 31-J042(3) −01.
A.2 Test
A.2.1 Chassis dynamometer
The equivalent inertia mass of the chassis dynamometer shall be set to the standard value of equivalent
inertia mass specified in the right column of Table A.1 according to the relative test vehicle mass (vehicle
curb mass plus 110 kg) specified in the left column of the table. Furthermore, if the standard value of the
equivalent inertia mass in the right column of the table cannot be set, it is permissible to set the equivalent
inertia mass within a range between the said standard value and the said standard value plus 10 %.
A.2.2 Applicable driving test (ADT)
The test vehicle shall run the applicable driving test (ADT). In Japan, JC08-mode driving schedule [0 s to
1 204 s] specified in Japan Regulations is applicable (See Figure A.1).
A.2.3 Test vehicle mass
Test vehicle mass at measuring running resistance and at measuring exhaust emissions on the chassis
dynamometer shall be vehicle curb mass plus 110 kg.
A.3 Test
A.3.1 General
Preconditioning shall be performed on the chassis dynamometer after given road load setting. Then, the
test procedure shall be carried out according to the test flow in Figure A.2 or A.3.
A.3.2 Cold start JC08 mode (JC08CM)
In the case of a cold start, the test starts immediately after the specified soaking procedure, see A.1. Test
flow in Figure A.2 is applicable.
A.3.3 Hot start JC08 mode (JC08HM)
In the case of a hot start, the vehicle is under warmed-up condition. Test flow in Figure A.3 is applicable.
1) TRIAS is available for purchase from the Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center (http://www.
jasic.org/e/08_publication/bb/20_handbook.htm).
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 7
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
Table A.1 — Test vehicle mass and standard value of equivalent inertia mass
Test vehicle mass Standard value of equivalent inertia
(kg) mass
(kg)
– 480 455
481 – 540 510
541 – 595 570
596 – 650 625
651 – 710 680
711 – 765 740
766 – 850 800
851 – 965 910
966 – 1080 1 020
1 081 – 1 190 1 130
1 191 – 1 305 1 250
1 306 – 1 420 1 360
1 420 – 1 530 1 470
1 531 – 1 640 1 590
1 641 – 1 760 1 700
1 761 – 1 870 1 810
1 871 – 1 980 1 930
1 981 – 2 100 2 040
2 101 – 2 210 2 150
2 211 – 2 380 2 270
2 381 – 2 625 2 500
2 626 – 2 875 2 750
2 876 – 3 250 3 000
3 251 – 3 750 3 500
Continued in increments of 500 kg Continued in increments of 500 kg
Key
X time(s)
Y speed(km/h)
Figure A.1 — JC08-mode driving schedule
8 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
A.4 Calculation of exhaust emissions and fuel consumptions
A.4.1 Exhaust emissions
Each exhaust emission component in the sample gas shall be calculated by an ADT (JC08CM or JC08HM).
A.4.2 Fuel consumption
A.4.2.1 General
By using each exhaust emission component in the sample gas of an ADT (JC08CM or JC08HM), fuel consumption
(km/l) shall be calculated according to the carbon balance method as in the following equations.
A.4.2.2 In case of gasoline
866×ρ
f
FC or FC =
JC08CMJC08HM
0,429×+mm0,866×+ 0,273×m
CO THCCOO2
where
3
ρ is fuel density, g/cm ;
f
m is CO emission, g/km;
CO
m is THC emission, g/km;
THC
m is CO emission, g/km.
CO2 2
A.4.2.3 In case of diesel oil
862×ρ
f
FC or FC =
JC08CMJC08HM
0,429×+mm0,862×+ 0,273×m
CO THCCOO2
A.4.3 Calculation of fuel consumption
Based on the fuel consumption calculated in A.4.2, consumed fuel (l) in each ADT (JC08CM or JC08HM)
shall be calculated.
F = 8,172/FC
JC08CM JC08CM
F = 8,172/FC
JC08HM JC08HM
where
F is consumed fuel of JC08CM, in litres
JC08CM
F is consumed fuel of JC08HM, in litres
JC08HM
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 9
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
Figure A.2 — JC08CM - Test flow
Figure A.3 — JC08HM - Test flow
10 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
Annex B
(informative)
Test procedure in Europe
B.1 General principles
B.1.1 General comments on regional information
This annex contains regional information, which supplements the provisions of this part of ISO 23274.
B.1.2 General considerations
The test procedure specified in this annex is based on United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
(UNECE) Regulation No. 101, as amended to be applied to hybrid electric vehicles, and on UNECE
Regulation No. 83. In UNECE Regulation No. 101, Annex 8, Clause 5, HEV, non-externally chargeable
vehicles with HEV mode only are dealt with, but the measurements shall be done as for ICE vehicles, as
2)
specified in UNECE Regulation No. 101, Annex 6, with reference to UNECE Regulation No. 83, Annex 4.
The measurements of the exhaust emissions (CO, NOx, HC particulates) and of CO emission and fuel
2
consumption are performed by applying the Type I test in UNECE Regulation No. 83. According to the
energy change of the RESS during the test, the values measured are corrected using a correction factor
as provided by the vehicle manufacturer.
The description given in the following clauses contains only the essentials to understand the procedure. For
further details, see the relevant clauses of the two UNECE Regulations, to which reference is made in the text.
B.2 Rationale
Based on the legal requirements in Europe, this Annex specifies the measurement procedures for the
determination of the exhaust and the carbon dioxide emission and the fuel consumption of HEV non-
externally chargeable and with HEV mode only of categories M and N with a maximum permissible
1 1
total mass of 3 500 kg (in accordance with ISO 1176). As fuels for the ICE, only gasoline and diesel fuel
are considered.
B.3 Test equipment
B.3.1 Chassis dynamometer
Features, accuracy, load and inertia setting, calibration and other steps to prepare the chassis
dynamometer to be used are specified in UNECE Regulation No. 83, Annex 4, 4.1, 5.1 and 5.2, and in
UNECE Regulation No. 83, Annex 4, Appendixes 2 and 3. The adjustment of the inertia simulators to the
vehicle’s translatory inertias shall be in accordance with Table B.1 (as specified in UNECE Regulation
No. 83, Annex 4, 5.1).
2) The following documents of both Regulations have been considered in this annex:
• UNECE Regulation No. 101: Trans/WP.29/GRPE/2004/2, 30 October 2003 (as amended not yet in force);
• UNECE Regulation No. 83: E/ECE/324 Rev.1/Add.82/Rev.2 E/ECE/Trans/505, 30 October 2001 (in force).
Upon further amendments of UNECE Regulation No. 101 and UNECE Regulation No. 83, this part of ISO 23274,
especially this annex, will need to be reviewed.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 11
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
Table B.1 — Equivalent inertia of dynamometer related to the reference mass of the vehicle
Reference mass of the vehicle, m Equivalent inertia, I
v
kg kg
m ≤ 480 455
v
480 < m ≤ 540 510
v
540 < m ≤ 595 570
v
595 < m ≤ 650 625
v
650 < m ≤ 710 680
v
710 < m ≤ 765 740
v
765 < m ≤ 850 800
v
850 < m ≤ 965 910
v
965 < m ≤ 1 080 1 020
v
1 080 < m ≤ 1 190 1 130
v
1 190 < m ≤ 1 305 1 250
v
1 305 < m ≤ 1 420 1 360
v
1 420 < m ≤ 1 530 1 470
v
1 530 < m ≤ 1 640 1 590
v
1 640 < m ≤ 1 760 1 700
v
1 760 < m ≤ 1 870 1 810
v
1 870 < m ≤ 1 980 1 930
v
1 980 < m ≤ 2 100 2 040
v
2 100 < m ≤ 2 210 2 150
v
2 210 < m ≤ 2 380 2 270
v
2 380 < m ≤ 2 610 2 270
v
2 610 < m 2 270
v
B.3.2 Exhaust gas sampling system
The system that shall be used is the constant volume sampler (CVS) system. Details of the system, as
well as calibration and accuracy, are given in UNECE Regulation No. 83, Annex 4, 4.2 and 4.4, and in
UNECE Regulation No. 83, Annex 4, Appendix 5.
B.3.3 Analytical equipment
Emitted gases shall be analysed with the following instruments:
— for HC determination — flame ionization (FID) type analysers for spark ignition engines and heated
flame ionization (HFID) type analysers for compression ignition engines;
— chemical luminescent (CLA) or non-dispersive ultraviolet resonance absorption (NDUVR) analysers
for NOx determination.
Particulates shall be gravimetrically determined from the particulates collected with two series
mounted filters.
Details on applying, calibration and accuracy requirements are specified in UNECE Regulation No. 83,
Annex 4, 4.3 and 4.5 (for gases used for calibration), and in UNECE Regulation No. 83, Annex 4, Appendix 6.
12 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
B.4 Test vehicle
B.4.1 General
The test vehicle shall be in running order, as determined by the manufacturer, with all the equipment,
as provided as standard.
B.4.2 Test mass
The mass of the vehicle under test (referred to as “reference mass” in UNECE Regulation No. 83, 2.2) shall be
the “unloaded mass” plus a uniform figure of 100 kg. The “unloaded mass” (see UNECE Regulation No. 83,
2.2.1) is the mass of the vehicle in running order, without load and persons, but with the fuel tank 90 % full.
B.4.3 Tyres
The tests shall be performed with all tyres in respect to their width provided as standard by the vehicle
manufacturer. Alternatively, the prescription of UNECE Regulation No. 83, Annex 4, Appendix 3, 4.1.2
may be applied, i.e. only the widest of the standard widths or the widest minus one (in the case of more
than three standard widths) shall be chosen.
The tyre pressure shall be in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer’s specification, but may be
increased by up to 50 % when the test is done on a two roller dynamometer (see UNECE Regulation No.
83, Annex 4, 5.3.2).
B.4.4 Test fuels
Details on the test fuels (called “reference fuels” in UNECE Regulation No. 83) are given in UNECE
Regulation No. 83, Annexes 10 and 10a.
B.4.5 Test cycle
The test cycle specified for the Type I test (verifying exhaust emissions, see also B.5.2) is described in
detail in UNECE Regulation No. 83, Annex 4, Appendix 1, including allowable tolerances.
The test cycle is made up of one Part One (urban) cycle consisting of four elementary urban cycles, and
one Part Two (extra urban) cycle, as roughly illustrated in Figure B.1 and described in Table B.2.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 13
---------------------- Page: 17 ----------------------
ISO 23274-1:2013(E)
Key
X time (s)
Y velocity (km/h)
1 Part One (urban) cycle
2 Part Two (extra urban) cycle
3 elementary urban cycle
Figure B.1 — Test cycle
Table B.2 — General information on test cycle
Parameter Urban cycle Extra urban cycle
Average speed 19 km/h 62,6 km/h
Maximum speed 50 km/h 120 km/h
Effective running time 4 × 195 s = 780 s (13 min) 400 s (6 min, 40 s)
B.5 Test procedure
B.5.1 Preconditioning of vehicle
Besides the vehicle stabilization over at least 3 000 km (see 4.1.3.1), UNECE Regulation No. 101, Annex 8,
5.2, requires two consecutive full test cycles (see B.4) as preconditioning. At the manufacturer’s request,
one Part One and two P
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.