ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018
(Main)Cards and security devices for personal identification — Contactless proximity objects — Part 4: Transmission protocol
Cards and security devices for personal identification — Contactless proximity objects — Part 4: Transmission protocol
This document specifies a half-duplex block transmission protocol featuring the special needs of a contactless environment and defines the activation and deactivation sequence of the protocol. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with other parts of ISO/IEC 14443 and is applicable to proximity cards or objects of Type A and Type B.
Cartes et dispositifs de sécurité pour l'identification personnelle — Objets sans contact de proximité — Partie 4: Protocole de transmission
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 14443-4
Fourth edition
2018-07
Cards and security devices for
personal identification — Contactless
proximity objects —
Part 4:
Transmission protocol
Cartes et dispositifs de sécurité pour l'identification personnelle —
Objets sans contact de proximité —
Partie 4: Protocole de transmission
Reference number
ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2018
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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols, abbreviated terms and notation . 2
4.1 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 2
4.2 Notations . 4
5 Protocol activation of PICC Type A . 5
5.1 Activation sequences . 5
5.2 Request for answer to select . 6
5.3 Answer to select . 7
5.3.1 Structure of the bytes. 8
5.3.2 Length byte . 8
5.3.3 Format byte . 8
5.3.4 Interface byte TA(1) . 9
5.3.5 Interface byte TB(1) . 9
5.3.6 Interface byte TC(1) .10
5.3.7 Historical bytes . . .11
5.4 Protocol and parameter selection request .11
5.4.1 Start byte .11
5.4.2 Parameter 0 .11
5.4.3 Parameter 1 .12
5.5 Protocol and parameter selection response .12
5.6 Activation frame waiting time .13
5.7 Error detection and recovery .13
5.7.1 Handling of RATS and ATS .13
5.7.2 Handling of PPS request and PPS response .13
5.7.3 Handling of the CID during activation .14
6 Protocol activation of PICC Type B .14
7 Half-duplex block transmission protocol .15
7.1 Elements and mechanisms .15
7.2 Block format .15
7.2.1 Length field .16
7.2.2 Prologue field .16
7.2.3 Information field .19
7.2.4 Epilogue field .19
7.3 Frame waiting time .19
7.4 Frame waiting time extension .20
7.5 Power level indication .21
7.6 Protocol operation .21
7.6.1 S(PARAMETERS) blocks .21
7.6.2 Multi-Activation .23
7.6.3 Chaining .23
7.6.4 Block numbering rules .24
7.6.5 Block handling rules .25
7.6.6 PICC presence check .26
7.6.7 Error detection and recovery .26
8 Protocol deactivation of PICC Type A and Type B.27
8.1 Deactivation frame waiting time .27
8.2 Error detection and recovery .27
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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
9 Activation of bit rates and framing options in PROTOCOL state .27
10 Frame with error correction .30
10.1 General .30
10.2 Type A PCD frame format for bit rates up to fc/16 and higher than fc/2 and Type A
PICC frame format for all bit rates.30
10.3 Type A PCD frame format for bit rates of fc/8, fc/4 and fc/2 and Type B PCD and
PICC frame format for all bit rates.31
10.4 Enhanced block with error correction .31
10.4.1 General.31
10.4.2 Modified Hamming sub-block format .31
10.4.3 Hamming control byte .31
10.4.4 Hamming control generation matrix A .32
10.4.5 Hamming control bits calculation .32
10.4.6 Hamming control check matrix H .32
10.4.7 Error correction .33
10.5 Activation of frame with error correction in PROTOCOL state .33
Annex A (informative) Multi-Activation example .37
Annex B (informative) Protocol scenarios .38
Annex C (informative) Block and frame coding overview .47
Annex D (deliberately left blank) .49
Annex E (informative) CRC_32 encoding.50
Annex F (informative) Frame with error correction .52
Annex G (informative) Framing options .54
Bibliography .55
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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, SC 17, Cards and security devices
for personal identification.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO/IEC 14443-4:2016), which has been
technically revised.
A list of all the parts in the ISO/IEC 14443 series can be found on the ISO website.
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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
Introduction
The ISO/IEC 14443 series of standards describes the parameters for identification cards or objects for
international interchange.
The protocol, as defined in this document, is capable of transferring the application protocol data units
as defined in ISO/IEC 7816-4. Thus, application protocol data units and application selection may be
used as defined in ISO/IEC 7816-4.
The ISO/IEC 14443 series of standards is intended to allow operation of proximity cards in the presence
of other contactless cards or objects conforming to the ISO/IEC 10536 series of standards and the
ISO/IEC 15693 series of standards and near field communication (NFC) devices conforming to ISO/
IEC 18092 and ISO/IEC 21481.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
Cards and security devices for personal identification —
Contactless proximity objects —
Part 4:
Transmission protocol
1 Scope
This document specifies a half-duplex block transmission protocol featuring the special needs of a
contactless environment and defines the activation and deactivation sequence of the protocol.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with other parts of ISO/IEC 14443 and is applicable
to proximity cards or objects of Type A and Type B.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 7816-3, Identification cards — Integrated circuit cards — Part 3: Cards with contacts — Electrical
interface and transmission protocols
ISO/IEC 7816-4:2013, Identification cards — Integrated circuit cards — Part 4: Organization, security and
commands for interchange
1)
ISO/IEC 14443-2 , Cards and security devices for personal identification — Contactless proximity objects
— Part 2: Radio frequency power and signal interface
ISO/IEC 14443-3, Cards and security devices for personal identification — Contactless proximity objects —
Part 3: Initialization and anticollision
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
3.1
bit duration
one elementary time unit (etu), calculated by the following formula:
1 etu = 128/(D × fc)
Note 1 to entry: The initial value of the divisor D is 1, giving the initial etu as follows:
1 etu = 128/fc
1) Fourth edition to be published. Current stage: 40.60.
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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
where fc is the carrier frequency as defined in ISO/IEC 14443-2.
3.2
block
special type of frame, which contains a valid protocol data format
Note 1 to entry: A valid protocol data format includes I-blocks, R-blocks or S-blocks.
3.3
invalid block
type of frame, which contains an invalid protocol format
Note 1 to entry: A time-out, when no frame has been received, is not interpreted as an invalid block.
3.4
frame
sequence of bits as defined in ISO/IEC 14443-3
Note 1 to entry: The PICC independent from its type may use the frame with error correction defined in Clause 10.
Alternatively, the PICC Type A can use one of the standard frames defined for Type A and the PICC Type B can use
the frame defined for Type B. This Type B frame is called standard frame, too, within this document.
4 Symbols, abbreviated terms and notation
4.1 Symbols and abbreviated terms
A Hamming control bits generation matrix (6 rows, 56 columns)
ACK positive ACKnowledgement
ATS Answer To Select
ATQA Answer To reQuest, Type A
ATQB Answer To reQuest, Type B
CID Card IDentifier
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check, as defined for each PICC Type in ISO/IEC 14443-3
CRC1 most significant byte of CRC (b16 to b9)
CRC2 least significant byte of CRC (b8 to b1)
CRC_32 Cyclic Redundancy Check error detection code used within enhanced block
c Hamming control bit n
n
vector containing 56 data bits
d
d data bit n
n
D Divisor
DR Divisor Receive (PCD to PICC)
DRI Divisor Receive Integer (PCD to PICC)
DS Divisor Send (PICC to PCD)
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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
DSI Divisor Send Integer (PICC to PCD)
EDC Error Detection Code
etu elementary time unit
fc carrier frequency
FSC Frame Size for proximity Card
FSCI Frame Size for proximity Card Integer
FSD Frame Size for proximity coupling Device
FSDI Frame Size for proximity coupling Device Integer
FWI Frame Waiting time Integer
FWT Frame Waiting Time
FWT temporary Frame Waiting Time
TEMP
H matrix needed to calculate Hamming syndrome s (6 rows, 62 columns)
h′ element in row m and column n of matrix H′
m,n
H′ matrix needed to get matrix A (6 rows, 62 columns)
column vector of matrix H′
h′
n
HLTA HALT command, Type A
I 6 by 6 Identity matrix
6 × 6
I-block Information block
INF INFormation field
LEN two bytes LENgth field used within enhanced block
m row index
MAX index to define a MAXimum value
MIN index to define a MINimum value
n column index
NAD Node ADdress
NAK Negative AcKnowledgement
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
PCB Protocol Control Byte
PCD Proximity Coupling Device
PICC Proximity card or object
PPS Protocol and Parameter Selection
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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
PPSS Protocol and Parameter Selection Start
PPS0 Protocol and Parameter Selection parameter 0
PPS1 Protocol and Parameter Selection parameter 1
R-block Receive ready block
R(ACK) R-block containing a positive acknowledgement
R(NAK) R-block containing a negative acknowledgement
RATS Request for Answer To Select
REQA REQuest command, Type A
RFU Reserved for Future Use
s 6-bit vector containing Hamming syndrome
s′ error position code
s error position
S-block Supervisory block
SAK Select AcKnowledge
SFGI Start-up Frame Guard time Integer
SFGT Start-up Frame Guard Time
SYNC SYNChronization sequence
WUPA Wake-UP command, Type A
WTX Waiting Time eXtension
WTXM Waiting Time eXtension Multiplier
y
64-bit vector ( y′ with no padding bits)
64-bit vector containing received modified Hamming sub-block
y′
y′ received bit n in each modified Hamming sub-block
n
4.2 Notations
For the purposes of this document, the following notations apply:
— (xxxxx)b data bit representation;
— ‘XY’ hexadecimal notation, equal to XY to the base 16.
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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
5 Protocol activation of PICC Type A
5.1 Activation sequences
The following activation sequence shall be applied.
— PICC activation sequence as defined in ISO/IEC 14443-3 (request, anticollision loop and select).
— The SAK byte shall be checked to get information if the PICC is compliant with ISO/IEC 14443-4. The
SAK byte is defined in ISO/IEC 14443-3.
— The PICC may be set to HALT state, using the HLTA command as defined in ISO/IEC 14443-3, if e.g.
no ISO/IEC 14443-4 protocol is used at the PCD (the PCD cannot continue the activation sequence in
that case).
— If the PICC is compliant to ISO/IEC 14443-4, the RATS may be sent by the PCD as next command after
receiving the SAK.
— The PICC shall send its ATS as answer to the RATS. The PICC shall only answer to the RATS if the
RATS is received directly after the selection.
— If the PICC supports any changeable parameters in the ATS, a PPS request may be used by the PCD
as the next command after receiving the ATS to change parameters.
— The PICC shall send a PPS Response as answer to the PPS request.
The PICC does not need to implement the PPS, if it does not support any changeable parameters in the ATS.
The PCD activation sequence for a PICC Type A is shown in Figure 1.
The RFU handling specified in ISO/IEC 14443-3:2018, 5.3 applies for Clause 5.
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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
Figure 1 — Activation of a PICC Type A by a PCD
5.2 Request for answer to select
This clause defines the RATS with all its fields (see Figure 2).
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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
Figure 2 — Request for answer to select
The parameter byte consists of two parts (see Figure 3).
— The most significant half-byte b8 to b5 is called FSDI and codes FSD. The FSD defines the maximum
size of a frame the PCD is able to receive. The coding of FSD is given in Table 1.
— Until the RFU values 'D'–'F' are assigned, a PICC receiving an FSDI with a value = 'D'–'F' shall interpret
it as FSDI = 'C' (FSD = 4 096 bytes).
NOTE This PCD requirement is added for PCD’s compatibility with future PICCs when a revision to this
document further defines the behaviour for the RFU values of 'D'–'F'.
— The least significant half byte b4 to b1 is named CID and it defines the logical number of the
addressed PICC in the range from 0 to 14. The value 15 is RFU. The CID is specified by the PCD and
shall be unique for all PICCs, which are in ACTIVE state at the same time. The CID is fixed for the
time the PICC is active and the PICC shall use the CID as its logical identifier, which is contained in
the first error-free RATS received.
Figure 3 — Coding of RATS parameter byte
Table 1 — FSDI to FSD conversion
FSDI ‘0’ ‘1’ ‘2’ ‘3’ ‘4’ ‘5’ ‘6’ ‘7’ ‘8’ ‘9’ ‘A’ ‘B’ ‘C’ ‘D’ - ‘F’
FSD (bytes) 16 24 32 40 48 64 96 128 256 512 1 024 2 048 4 096 RFU
5.3 Answer to select
This clause defines the ATS with all its available fields (see Figure 4).
In the case that one of the defined fields is not present in an ATS sent by the PICC, the default values for
that field shall apply.
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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
Figure 4 — Structure of the ATS
5.3.1 Structure of the bytes
The length byte TL is followed by a variable number of optional subsequent bytes in the following order:
— format byte T0;
— interface bytes TA(1), TB(1), TC(1);
— historical bytes T1 to Tk.
5.3.2 Length byte
The length byte TL is mandatory and specifies the length of the transmitted ATS including itself. The
two CRC bytes are not included in TL. The maximum size of the ATS shall not exceed the indicated FSD.
Therefore, the maximum value of TL shall not exceed FSD-2.
5.3.3 Format byte
The format byte T0 is optional and is present as soon as the length is greater than 1. The ATS can only
contain the following optional bytes when this format byte is present.
T0 consists of three parts (see Figure 5).
— b8 is RFU.
— b7 to b5 contain Y(1) indicating the presence of subsequent interface bytes TC(1), TB(1) and TA(1).
— The least significant half byte b4 to b1 is called FSCI and codes FSC. The FSC defines the maximum
size of a frame accepted by the PICC. The default value of FSCI is 2 and leads to a FSC of 32 bytes. The
coding of FSC is equal to the coding of FSD (see Table 1).
— Until the RFU values 'D'–'F' are assigned, a PCD receiving an FSCI with a value = 'D'–'F' shall interpret
it as FSCI = 'C (FSC = 4 096 bytes).
NOTE This PICC requirement is added for PICC's compatibility with future PCDs when a revision to this
document further defines the behaviour for the RFU values 'D' – 'F'.
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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018(E)
Figure 5 — Coding of format byte
5.3.4 Interface byte TA(1)
The interface byte TA(1) consists of four parts (see Figure 6).
— b8 codes the possibility to handle different divisors for each direction. When this bit is set to 1 the
PICC is unable to handle different divisors for each direction.
— b7 to b5 code the bit rate capability of the PICC for the direction from PICC to PCD, called DS. The
default value shall be (000)b.
— b4 shall be set to (0)b.
— b3 to b1 code the bit rate capability of the PICC for the direction from PCD to PICC, called DR. The
default value shall be (
...
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