ISO/IEC 22989:2022

Information technology — Artificial intelligence — Artificial intelligence concepts and terminology

This document establishes terminology for AI and describes concepts in the field of AI. This document can be used in the development of other standards and in support of communications among diverse, interested parties or stakeholders. This document is applicable to all types of organizations (e.g. commercial enterprises, government agencies, not-for-profit organizations).

Technologies de l'information — Intelligence artificielle — Concepts et terminologie relatifs à l'intelligence artificielle

Le présent document établit la terminologie relative à l'IA et décrit les concepts dans le domaine de l'IA. Le présent document peut être utilisé dans le cadre de l'élaboration d'autres normes et à l'appui de communications entre parties intéressées ou parties prenantes diverses. Le présent document est applicable à tous les types d'organismes (par exemple: les entreprises commerciales, les organismes publics, les organismes à but non lucratif).

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 18-Jul-2022
• ICS: 01.040.35 - Information technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 35.020 - Information technology (IT) in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 - Artificial intelligence
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42/WG 1 - Foundational standards
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 19-Jul-2022
• Due Date: 07-Mar-2022
• Completion Date: 19-Jul-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 22989
First edition
2022-07
Information technology — Artificial
intelligence — Artificial intelligence
concepts and terminology
Technologies de l'information — Intelligence artificielle — Concepts
et terminologie relatifs à l'intelligence artificielle
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2022
© ISO/IEC 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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© ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Terms related to AI . 1
3.2 Terms related to data. 6
3.3 Terms related to machine learning . 8
3.4 Terms related to neural networks . 10
3.5 Terms related to trustworthiness . 11
3.6 Terms related to natural language processing . 13
3.7 Terms related to computer vision . 16
4 Abbreviated terms .16
5 AI concepts .17
5.1 General . 17
5.2 From strong and weak AI to general and narrow AI . 17
5.3 Agent . 17
5.4 Knowledge . 18
5.5 Cognition and cognitive computing . 19
5.6 Semantic computing . 19
5.7 Soft computing . 19
5.8 Genetic algorithms . 19
5.9 Symbolic and subsymbolic approaches for AI . 19
5.10 Data . 20
5.11 Machine learning concepts . 21
5.11.1 Supervised machine learning . 21
5.11.2 Unsupervised machine learning . 21
5.11.3 Semi-supervised machine learning . 22
5.11.4 Reinforcement learning .22
5.11.5 Transfer learning . 22
5.11.6 Training data . .22
5.11.7 Trained model .22
5.11.8 Validation and test data . 22
5.11.9 Retraining .23
5.12 Examples of machine learning algorithms . 24
5.12.1 Neural networks . 24
5.12.2 Bayesian networks . 25
5.12.3 Decision trees . 25
5.12.4 Support vector machine .25
5.13 Autonomy, heteronomy and automation . 26
5.14 Internet of things and cyber-physical systems . 27
5.14.1 General . 27
5.14.2 Internet of things . 27
5.14.3 Cyber-physical systems . 27
5.15 Trustworthiness .28
5.15.1 General .28
5.15.2 AI robustness . .28
5.15.3 AI reliability .29
5.15.4 AI resilience . 29
5.15.5 AI controllability .29
5.15.6 AI explainability . .29
5.15.7 AI predictability .30
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© ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved

5.15.8 AI transparency .30
5.15.9 AI bias and fairness .30
5.16 AI verification and validation . . 31
5.17 Jurisdictional issues . 31
5.18 Societal impact . 32
5.19 AI stakeholder roles . 32
5.19.1 General . 32
5.19.2 AI provider . 33
5.19.3 AI producer . 33
5.19.4 AI customer .34
5.19.5 AI partner .34
5.19.6 AI subject .34
5.19.7 Relevant authorities . 35
6 AI system life cycle .35
6.1 AI system life cycle model . 35
6.2 AI system life cycle stages and processes . 37
6.2.1 General . 37
6.2.2 Inception . 37
6.2.3 Design and development .38
6.2.4 Verification and Validation . 39
6.2.5 De
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