ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013
(Main)Information technology — Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) — Part 1: General overview and requirements
Information technology — Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) — Part 1: General overview and requirements
ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013 provides a general overview of the characteristics of a sensor network and the organization of the entities that comprise such a network. It also describes the general requirements that are identified for sensor networks.
Technologies de l'information — Réseaux de capteurs: Architecture de référence pour réseaux de capteurs — Partie 1: Vue d'ensemble et exigences
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 29182-1
First edition
2013-06-01
Information technology — Sensor
networks: Sensor Network Reference
Architecture (SNRA) —
Part 1:
General overview and requirements
Technologies de l’information — Réseaux de capteurs: Architecture de
référence pour réseaux de capteurs —
Partie 1: Vue d’ensemble et exigences
Reference number
ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2013
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ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)
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© ISO/IEC 2013
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ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Conventions . 1
5 Overview of sensor networks . 1
6 Characteristics of sensor networks . 3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 Service provisioning for individual requirements . 3
6.3 Data gathering and pre-processing . 4
6.4 Collaborative information processing. 4
6.5 Maintenance-free operation . 4
6.6 Dynamic network topology . 4
6.7 Energy efficiency and operating lifetime . 4
6.8 Self-adaptation . 5
7 General requirements for sensor networks . 5
7.1 Connectivity to other networks . 5
7.2 Deployment and coverage . 5
7.3 Support of heterogeneous sensor networks . 5
7.4 Sensor node mobility support . 5
7.5 Power and energy management . 5
7.6 QoS support . 5
7.7 Dynamic adaptation . 6
7.8 Context-awareness . 6
7.9 Scalability . 6
7.10 Privacy . 6
7.11 Security . 7
7.12 Sensor network management . 7
7.13 Discovery capabilities . 7
7.14 Routing in sensor networks . 7
Bibliography . 8
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ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 29182-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology.
ISO/IEC 29182 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Sensor
networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA):
— Part 1: General overview and requirements
— Part 2: Vocabulary and terminology
— Part 3: Reference architecture views
— Part 4: Entity models
— Part 5: Interface definitions
— Part 7: Interoperability guidelines
The following part is under preparation:
— Part 6: Applications
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ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)
Introduction
A wide range of applications has been proposed for sensor networks. In practice, however, sensor
networks have been built and deployed for a relatively small number of applications. This is partly due
to the lack of a business case for certain applications and partly due to technical challenges in building
a non-trivial sensor network of reasonable complexity. The main reason for this impediment is multi-
disciplinary expertise – such as sensors, communications and networking, signal processing, electronics,
computing, and cyber security –is required to design a sensor network. Presently, the design process
is so complex that one can leverage little from one sensor network design to another. It appears as if
one has to start from almost scratch every time one wishes to design and deploy a sensor network. Yet,
upon closer inspection, there are many commonalities in instantiations of sensor networks that realize
various applications. These commonalities include similarities in the choice of network architecture and
the entities/functional blocks that are used in the architecture.
The purpose of the ISO/IEC 29182 series is to
— provide guidance to facilitate the design and development of sensor networks,
— improve interoperability of sensor networks, and
— make sensor networks plug-and-play, so that it becomes fairly easy to add/remove sensor nodes
to/from an existing sensor network.
The ISO/IEC 29182 series can be used by sensor network designers, software developers, and service
providers to meet customer requirements, including any applicable interoperability requirements.
The ISO/IEC 29182 series are comprised of seven parts. Brief descriptions of these parts are given next.
Part 1 provides a general overview and the requirements for the sensor network reference architecture.
Part 2 provides definitions for the terminology and vocabulary used in the reference architecture.
Part 3 presents the reference architecture from various viewpoints, such as business, operational,
system, technical, functional, and logical views.
Part 4 categorizes the entities comprising the reference architecture into two classes of physical and
functional entities and presents models for the entities.
Part 5 provides detailed information on the interfaces among various entities in the reference
architecture.
Part 6 provides detailed information on the development of International Standardized Profiles.
Part 7 provides design principles for the reference architecture that take the interoperability
requirements into account.
There are no requirements for compliance in ISO/IEC 29182-1 to ISO/IEC 29182-7. Users should ensure
that the sensor nodes, and the related sensor network, are compliant with the application or deployment
governing body.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)
Information technology — Sensor networks: Sensor
Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) —
Part 1:
General overview and requirements
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 29182 provides a general overview of the characteristics of a sensor network and
the organization of the entities that comprise such a network. It also describes the general requirements
that are identified for sensor networks.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 29182-2, Information technology — Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture
(SNRA) — Part 2: Vocabulary and terminology
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 29182-2 apply.
4 Conventions
In this part of ISO/IEC 29182:
The keywords “is required to” indicate a requirement which must be strictly followed and from which
no deviation is permitted if conformance to this document is to be claimed.
The keywords “is recommended” indicate a requirement which is recommended but which is not
absolutely required. Thus this requirement need not be present to claim conformance.
The keywords “can optionally” and “may” indicate an optional requirement which is permissible,
without implying any sense of being recommended. These terms are not intended to imply that the
vendor’s implementation must provide the option and the feature can be optionally enabled by the
network operator/service provider. Rather, it means the vendor may optionally provide the feature and
still claim conformance with the specification.
5 Overview of sensor networks
A sensor network is a system of spatially distributed sensor nodes interacting with each other and, depending
on application, with ICT (Information and Communication Technology) infrastructures, in order to acquire,
process, and provide information about the physical world and optionally react to such information.
This clause describes sensor networks from a communication perspective and a service provisioning
perspective. Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate from a communication perspective the overall architecture and
logical arrangements of components in three classes of sensor networks. The sensor networks shown in
Figures 1, 2 and 3 gather information about their physical surroundings and deliver this information to the
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ISO/IEC 29182-1:2013(E)
sensor network user(s), and any of the communications links may be implemented using wired or wireless
technologies: there is no constraint in principle on mixing communications technologies within a network.
Figure 1 depicts a standalone sensor network that operates on its own and is isolated from other
networks. This type of sensor network may be regarded as an ad hoc sensor network.
Figure 1 — Standalone sensor network
Figure 2 depicts the case where multiple sensor networks, two in the case of this figure, are interconnected
via a gateway. Gateways can play various roles in a sensor network, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 and
shortly in Figure 3.
Figure 2 — Interconnected
...
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