ISO 19701:2013
(Main)Methods for sampling and analysis of fire effluents
Methods for sampling and analysis of fire effluents
ISO 19701:2013 presents a range of sampling and chemical analytical methods suitable for the analysis of individual chemical species in fire atmospheres. The procedures relate to the analysis of samples extracted from an apparatus or effluent flow from a fire test rig or physical fire test model and are not concerned with the specific nature of the fire test. It does not cover aerosols and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique.
Méthodes d'échantillonnage et d'analyse des effluents du feu
L'ISO 19701:2013 présente un éventail de techniques d'échantillonnage et de méthodes chimiques analytiques appropriées à l'analyse des différentes espèces chimiques en atmosphères de combustion. Les modes opératoires concernent l'analyse d'échantillons extraits d'un appareil ou d'un écoulement d'effluent à partir d'un appareil d'essai au feu ou d'un modèle physique d'essai au feu, mais il ne rend pas compte de la nature spécifique de l'essai de combustion. L'ISO 19701:2013 ne couvre pas les aérosols et la technique de la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (IRTF).
Metode vzorčenja in analize dimnih plinov
Ta mednarodni standard predstavlja nabor metod vzorčenja in kemične analize, ki so primerne za
analizo posameznih kemijskih snovi v dimu. Postopki se nanašajo na analizo vzorcev, pridobljenih iz naprave ali pretoka dima iz požarne preskusne opreme ali fizikalnega preskusnega modela požara, in niso povezani s specifično naravo preskusa požarne varnosti.
Ta mednarodni standard ne zajema aerosolov (podrobno opisano v viru [3]) in tehnike FTIR (podrobno opisano v viru [4]). Plini, pomembni za varstvo okolja, kot so PAH, dioksini, furani in hormonski motilci, bodo obravnavali v prihodnjem dokumentu v standardu ISO TC92/SC3.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO/TR 9122-3:1999
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Methods for sampling and analysis of fire effluents
Méthodes d'échantillonnage et d'analyse des effluents du feu
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 19701:2013
ICS:
13.220.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
varstvom pred požarom protection against fire
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19701
Second edition
2013-04-01
Methods for sampling and analysis of
fire effluents
Méthodes d’échantillonnage et d’analyse des effluents du feu
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
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ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Methods of sampling . 1
4.1 General considerations . 1
4.2 Concentration and volume fraction . 2
4.3 Special considerations . 2
4.4 Sampling using gas-solution absorbers . 3
4.5 Sampling using solid sorption tubes . 5
4.6 Sampling for spectrometric or spectrophotometric analysis . 6
4.7 Sampling using gas bags . 7
5 Analytical methods for fire gases . 8
5.1 Carbon monoxide by non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy (NDIR) . 8
5.2 Carbon dioxide by non dispersive infrared spectroscopy (NDIR) . 9
5.3 Oxygen by paramagnetism .11
5.4 Hydrogen cyanide .12
5.5 Hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide .18
5.6 Hydrogen fluoride .25
5.7 Oxides of nitrogen .29
5.8 Acrolein .35
5.9 Formaldehyde .42
5.10 Acetaldehyde .47
5.11 Total aldehydes by colourimetry .48
5.12 Sulfur dioxide by high performance ion chromatography (HPIC) .50
5.13 Carbon disulfide by GC-MS in gas phase .52
5.14 Hydrogen sulphide .54
5.15 Ammonia .57
5.16 Antimony compounds by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) or inductively
coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP) .60
5.17 Arsenic compounds by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) or inductively
coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP) .62
5.18 Phosphorus by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP) .63
5.19 Phosphates .65
5.20 Phenol .69
5.21 Benzene .72
5.22 Toluene (Methylbenzene) .76
5.23 Styrene (Phenylethene) .80
5.24 Acrylonitrile and other nitriles by GC-MS in gas phase .83
5.25 Formic acid .86
5.26 Total hydrocarbons by FID . .89
5.27 Isocyanates .89
5.28 Oxygenated organic species .89
Annex A (informative) Species and measurement techniques currently deemed unsuitable in
fire effluents .90
Annex B (informative) Colour-change chemical detection tubes .92
Annex C (informative) Quantitative instrumental methods .93
Annex D (informative) Hydrogen fluoride by continuous online ion selective electrode .107
Bibliography .110
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19701 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 3, Fire threat
to people and environment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 19701:2005).
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The analysis of fire gases for use in toxic hazard and life threat assessment and other purposes (e.g.
impact on the environment) is a great challenge for the analyst. Fire atmospheres are by nature hostile
environments. Temperatures in excess of 1 000 °C are common, the gas phase can contain many corrosive,
toxic, irritant or combustible species together with relatively large quantities of condensable water.
These properties are largely incompatible with most instrumental analytical methods where a “clean”
sample is required. This poses many problems both for the qualification and quantification of the chemical
species and particulates in fire atmospheres. In presenting a sample to the measuring instrument that it
will tolerate, it can be necessary to filter particulates and remove other species. Losses in the sampling
train must therefore be quantifiable and taken into account in the final analysis.
Techniques also exist for measuring chemical species in situ; this will be the subject of a future document.
The methods described in Clause 5 have been used successfully by a number of laboratories. Studies of
repeatability and reproducibility of many of the methods covered in this International Standard have
[1] [2]
been taken from AFNOR NF X70-100-1 and AFAP-3.
For methods that involve a commercial instrument, uncertainty in the measured values may be estimated
from the manufacturer’s data and other information, e.g. allowance for losses in the sampling process.
For other methods, uncertainty in the measured values can occur through a variety of reasons, such as
sensitivity to the strength of reagents or the visibility of a colourimetric end point. In these cases, it is
assumed that best practice by qualified personnel is applied.
This International Standard is structured as follows.
— Clause 1 describes the scope of this standard
— Clause 4 describes methods of sampling.
— Clause 5 describes analytical methods for gases in fire atmospheres:
— Annex A provides information on techniques that were found not suitable with fire effluents.
— Annex B briefly describes the use of aspirated chemical colour-change tubes.
— Annex C is a summary of the main instrumental methods available for fire gas analysis, expanding
the information provided under the clauses for each individual chemical species.
— Annex D presents a method for continuous measurement of HF concentration using ion selective
electrode.
...
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