ISO 7240-23:2013

Fire detection and alarm systems - Part 23: Visual alarm devices

ISO 7240-23:2013 specifies the requirements, test methods and performance criteria for visual alarm devices in a fixed installation intended to signal a visual warning of a fire between a fire detection and alarm system and occupants in and around buildings. ISO 7240-23:2013 specifies visual alarm devices for three types of application environment. It is only applicable to pulsing or flashing visual alarm devices, for example xenon beacons or rotating beacons. It is not applicable to devices giving continuous light output. ISO 7240-23:2013 is not intended to cover visual indicators, for example, on detectors or on the control and indicating equipment.

Systèmes de détection et d'alarme d'incendie — Partie 23: Dispositifs d'alarme visuels

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 02-Jan-2013
• ICS: 13.220.20 - Fire protection
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 21/SC 3 - Fire detection and alarm systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 21/SC 3 - Fire detection and alarm systems
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 10-Mar-2025
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Overview

ISO 7240-23:2013 is the International Standard that specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for visual alarm devices (V.A.D.) used in fixed installations of fire detection and alarm systems. It applies to pulsing or flashing visual alarm devices (for example xenon beacons or rotating beacons) intended to signal a visual warning to occupants in and around buildings. The standard is not applicable to devices giving continuous light output or to small visual indicators on detectors and control equipment.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and application: Covers fixed visual alarm devices for buildings and surrounding areas; focused on pulsing/flashing devices only.
• Device classification:
  • Mounting classes: Class C (ceiling), Class W (wall), Class O (manufacturer-specified/open).
  • Environment types: Type A (conditioned indoor), Type B (unconditioned indoor/outdoor), Type C (harsh environments, e.g., mining).
• Performance metrics:
  • Coverage volume based on measured light distribution in a surrounding hemisphere.
  • Required illumination: defined as 0.4 lm/m on a surface perpendicular to emitted light.
  • Minimum/maximum effective luminous intensity, light colour, flash pattern and frequency.
  • Variation of light output over time (self‑heating and stability) is tested.
• Construction and durability: Requirements for mechanical and climatic robustness including shock, impact, vibration and corrosion resistance.
• Environmental and EMC testing: Climate (dry heat, cold, damp heat), sulfur dioxide corrosion, IP enclosure protection (IEC 60529) and electromagnetic immunity (EN 50130-4) are included.
• Additional functions: Requirements for software‑controlled devices and optional synchronization features.
• Testing and reporting: Detailed test procedures and annexes (light distribution measurement, comparative output, test chamber, flammability comparison).

Practical applications and users

ISO 7240-23 is used by:

• Manufacturers designing and certifying visual alarm devices (xenon/rotating beacons).
• Fire safety engineers and specifiers selecting appropriate V.A.D. for buildings and hazardous sites.
• Installers and system integrators ensuring correct mounting class, coverage volume and mode settings.
• Testing laboratories and certification bodies performing conformity and environmental tests.
• Building owners and authorities verifying compliance with fire detection and alarm system requirements.

This standard helps ensure reliable visual signalling for occupant warning, consistent coverage, durability in expected environments, and compatibility with broader fire alarm system design.

Related standards

• ISO 7240-1 (General and definitions)
• IEC 60068 series (environmental testing)
• IEC 60529 (IP Code – enclosure protection)
• EN 50130-4 (EMC immunity)
• UL 94 / IEC 60695 (flammability test references)

Standards Content (Sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 7240-23
ISO/TC 21/SC 3 Secretariat: SA
Voting begins on Voting terminates on

2011-03-28 2011-08-28
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION  •  МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ  •  ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION

Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 23:
Visual alarm devices
Systèmes de détection et d'alarme d'incendie —
Partie 23: Dispositifs d'alarme visuels
ICS 13.220.20
In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in
the English language only.
Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribué
en version anglaise seulement.

To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee
secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at
publication stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.

THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME
STANDARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
©  International Organization for Standardization, 2011

ISO/DIS 7240-23
Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as permitted
under the applicable laws of the user’s country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract from it may be
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ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 2
3.1 Definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviations . 3
4 Requirements . 3
4.1 Compliance. 3
4.2 Device category . 3
4.3 Minimum and maximum effective light intensity . 4
4.4 Light colour . 4
4.5 Light pattern and frequency of flashing . 4
4.6 Durability . 4
4.7 Construction . 5
4.8 Manufacturer's adjustments . 5
4.9 On-site adjustment of mode or behaviour . 5
4.10 Marking and data . 6
4.11 Additional requirements for software controlled v.a.d.s . 7
4.12 Synchronization — Optional function . 8
5 Tests . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Reproducibility . 12
5.3 Variation of effective luminous intensity . 12
5.4 Operational performance . 12
5.5 Durability . 13
5.6 Dry heat (operational) . 13
5.7 Dry heat (endurance) . 15
5.8 Cold (operational) . 15
5.9 Damp heat, cyclic (operational) . 17
5.10 Damp heat, steady state (endurance) . 18
5.11 Damp heat, cyclic (endurance) . 19
5.12 Sulphur dioxide (SO2) corrosion (endurance) . 20
5.13 Shock (operational). 21
5.14 Impact (operational) . 22
5.15 Vibration, sinusoidal, (operational) . 23
5.16 Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance) . 24
5.17 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), immunity (operational) . 25
5.18 Enclosure protection . 26
5.19 Flash synchronisation testing (optional function) . 27
6 Test report . 29
Annex A (normative) Method for measuring the light distribution from a v.a.d. . 31
Annex B (normative) Comparative light output level measurement for v.a.d.s . 38
Annex C (informative) Construction of the light test chamber and associated equipment for
comparative measurements . 40
Annex D (informative) Comparison of flammability test requirements . 42

ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 7240-23 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 21, Equipment for fire protection and fire fighting,
Subcommittee SC 3, Fire detection and alarm systems.
This second/third/. edition cancels and replaces the first/second/. edition (), [clause(s) / subclause(s) /
table(s) / figure(s) / annex(es)] of which [has / have] been technically revised.
ISO 7240 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire detection and alarm systems:
 Part 23: Visual alarm devices
 Part [n]:
 Part [n+1]:
 Part 23: Visual alarm devices
 Part [n]:
 Part [n+1]:
 Part 1: General and definitions
 Part 2: Control and indicating equipment
 Part 3: Audible alarm devices
 Part 4: Power supply equipment
 Part 5: Point type heat detectors
 Part 6: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using electro-chemical cells
 Part 7: Point type smoke detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
 Part 8: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using an electro-chemical cell in combination with a heat sensor
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
 Part 9: Test fires for fire detectors [Technical report]
 Part 10: Point type flame detectors
 Part 11: Manual call points
 Part 12: Line type smoke detectors using a transmitted light beam
 Part 13: Compatibility assessment of system components
 Part 14: Guidelines for drafting Codes of Practice for design, installation and use of fire detection and fire
alarm systems in and around buildings [Technical report]
 Part 15: Point type fire detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization sensors in
combination with a heat sensor
 Part 16: Sound system control and indicating equipment
 Part 17: Short-circuit isolators
 Part 18: Input/output devices
 Part 19: Design, installation, commissioning and service of sound systems for emergency purposes
 Part 21: Routing equipment
 Part 22: Smoke detection equipment for ducts
 Part 23: Visual alarm devices
 Part 24: Sound system loudspeakers
 Part 25: Components using radio links
 Part 27: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using optical or ionization smoke sensors, electrochemical cell
carbon monoxide sensors and heat sensors
 Part 28: Fire protection control equipment
ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
Introduction
The purpose of a visual fire alarm device is to warn person(s) within, or in the vicinity of, a building of the
occurrence of a fire emergency in order to enable such person(s) to take appropriate measures.
This part of ISO 7240 allows manufacturers to specify visual alarm devices in terms of the range at which the
required illumination is met. Three categories of device are defined, one for ceiling mounted devices, one for
wall mounted devices and an open category. The maximum range of the visual alarm device is tested by
measuring the light output in a hemisphere surrounding it to determine its light distribution. As the light output
of some visual alarm devices can change over time due, for example, to the effect of self-heating, a specific
test checks that the variation of light output over time is within acceptable limits.
This part of ISO 7240 gives common requirements for the construction and robustness of visual alarm devices
as well as for their performance under climatic, mechanical and electrical interference conditions which are
likely to occur in the service environment. Visual alarm devices can be classified in one of two application
environment types.
vi © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 7240-23.2

Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 23:
Visual alarm devices
1 Scope
This part of ISO 7240 specifies the requirements, test methods and performance criteria for visual alarm
devices in a fixed installation intended to signal a visual warning of a fire between a fire detection and alarm
system and the occupants of a building. It is intended to cover only those devices which derive their operating
power by means of a physical electrical connection to an external source such as a fire alarm system.
This part of ISO 7240 specifies visual alarm devices for two types of application environment, Type A,
generally for indoor use, and B, generally for outdoor use and Type C for use in harsh environments such as
mining.
This part of ISO 7240 applies only to pulsing or flashing visual alarm devices, for example xenon beacons or
rotating beacons. Devices giving continuous light output are excluded from this part of ISO 7240 .
This part of ISO 7240 is not intended to cover visual indicators, for example, on detectors or on the control
and indicating equipment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2813:2000, Paints and varnishes — Determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at
20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees
ISO 7240-1, Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 1: General and definitions
ISO 9001:2000, Quality management systems — Requirements (ISO 9001:2000)
ISO 23539:2005, Photometry — The CIE system of physical photometry
IEC 60068-1:1988/Corr. 1:1988/A1:1992, Environmental testing — Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1:2007, Environmental testing — Part 2-1: Tests — Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2:2007, Environmental testing — Part 2-2: Tests — Test B — Dry heat
— Part 2-6: Tests — Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-6:2007, Environmental testing
IEC 60068-2-27:2008, Basic environmental testing procedures — Part 2: Tests — Test Ea and guidance:
Shock
IEC 60068-2-30:2005, Environmental testing — Part 2-30: Tests — Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h
cycle)
ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
IEC 60068-2-42:2003, Environmental testing — Part 2-42: Tests — Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test for contacts
and connection
IEC 60068-2-75:1997, Environmental testing — Part 2-75: Tests — Test Eh: Hammer
IEC 60068-2-78:2001, Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
IEC 60529:2001/Corr. 1:2003/Corr. 2:2007, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)
IEC 60695-11-10:2003, Fire hazard testing — Part 11-10: Test flames — 50 W horizontal and vertical flame
test methods
IEC 60695-11-20:2003, Fire hazard testing — Part 11-20: Test flames — 500 W flame test methods
IEC 61672-1:2002, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1: Specifications
EN 50130-4:1995/A1:1998/A2:2003, Alarm systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family
standard: immunity requirements for components of fire, intruder and social alarm systems
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and abbreviations given in ISO 7240-1 and the
following apply.
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1
coverage volume
volume within which the required illumination is achieved
3.1.2
normal axis
axis normal to the mounting plane which passes through the reference point
3.1.3
effective luminous intensity
measurement corresponding to the light output of the visual alarm device measured using the equipment and
method detailed in Annex A
3.1.4
light output level
measurement corresponding to the light output of the visual alarm device measured using the equipment and
method detailed in Annex B
3.1.3
mode (of operation)
one of a possible number of pre-defined light output selected by means specified by the manufacturer.pre-
defined light outputs of the visual alarm device which can be selected by means specified by the manufacturer
3.1.4
reference point
point representing the optical centre within or on the surface of the visual alarm device specified by the
manufacturer
3.1.5
required illumination
an illumination of 0.,4 lm/m on a surface perpendicular to the direction of the light emitted from the device
2 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
3.1.6
Type A v.a.d.
device primarily intended for indoor applications
NOTE Type A v.a.d.s may be suitable for some protected outdoor situations.
3.1.7
Type B v.a.d.
device primarily intended for outdoor applications
NOTE Type B v.a.d.s may be more suitable than type A v.a.d.s for some indoor situations where high temperature
and/or humidity are present.
3.1.8
Type C v.a.d.
device primarily intended for harsh environment applications
EXAMPLE Mining, including open-cast mining.
3.1.9
visual alarm device
v.a.d.
device which generates a flashing light to signal to the occupants of a building that a fire condition exists
3.2 Abbreviations
ACa.c. alternating current
DCd.c. direct current
RMSr.m.s. root mean square
v.a.d. visual alarm device
4 Requirements
4.1 Compliance
In order to comply with this part of ISO 7240, v.a.d.s shall meet the requirements of Clause 4, which shall be
verified by visual inspection or engineering assessment, shall be tested as described in Clause 5 and shall
meet the requirements of the tests.
4.2 Device category
4.2.1 V.a.d.s shall meet the requirement for coverage volume, of at least, one of the following three
categories:
a) 'C', ceiling mounted devices;
b) 'W', wall mounted devices;
c) 'O', open class devices.
4.2.2 Category C devices shall be further specified as C-x-y (see 4.12 10 2 d) 1)), where:
 x is either 3, 6 or 9, representing the maximum height, in metres, between 2,5 m and 10 m at which the
device may be mounted, and
ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
 y is the diameter, in metres, of the coverage cylindrical volume when the device is mounted at the ceiling
height.
EXAMPLE C-3-12 corresponds to a ceiling mounted device giving a coverage cylindrical volume of 12 m diameter at
3 m height.
4.2.3 Category W devices shall be further specified as W-x-y (see 4.12 10 2 d) 2)), where:
 x is the maximum height of the devices on the wall, in metres, with a minimum value of 2,4 m, and
 y is the width of a square room, in metres, covered by the device.
EXAMPLE W-2.4-6 corresponds to a wall mounted device giving a coverage cuboid volume of 2,4 m x 6 m x 6 m
when mounted at a height of 2,4 m.
4.2.4 For category O devices the coverage volume in which the required illumination is achieved shall be
specified (see 4.12 10 2 d) 3)).
4.3 Minimum and maximum effective light intensity
When tested in accordance with 5.4, the v.a.d. shall produce an effective light intensity of at least 1 cd for
70 % of all measurement points and shall not exceed 500 cd for any measurement points.
4.4 Light colour
The v.a.d. shall emit a white or red flashing light.
4.5 Light pattern and frequency of flashing
The flash rate of the v.a.d. shall be between 0,5 Hz and 2 Hz measured between the 10 % of peak values of
consecutive leading edges of the pulses (P ).
10L
NOTE The light frequenciesfrequency of flashing may vary in different countries. Reference needs to be made to
local regulations. Some countries have adopted the ISO 8201 temporal pattern.
The maximum on-time, measured between the 10 % of peak values of the leading edge (P ) and trailing
10L
edge (P ) of the pulse shall not exceed 0,2 s.
10T
If the light emitted consists of groups of several pulses then and if the time between the P of one pulse and
10T
the P of the next pulse is less than 0,04 s then the pulses shall be considered as a single event.
10L
Any set of multiple pulses shall not exceed 0,2 s between the P for of the first peak to the P of the last
10L 10T
peak.
A set of pulses where the minimum value does not drop below 10 % of the peak value is considered as a
single pulse and shall not exceed 0,2 s between P and P .
10L 10T
4.6 Durability
The v.a.d. shall be rated for at least 100 h operation. No limitation on duty factor or maximum on-time shall
prevent the device from operating the 1 h 'on' 1 h 'off' cycle required by the test procedure described in 5.5.
NOTE This requirement does not apply to the capacity of batteries which may be used within v.a.d.s as a means of
local storage of operating power. The capacity and charging requirements of such batteries need to meet the requirement
of the system.
4 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
4.7 Construction
4.7.1 Provision for external conductors
The v.a.d. shall provide space within its enclosure for entry and termination of external conductors.The v.a.d.
shall provide space within its enclosure for external conductors to be brought in and terminated. Entry holes
for conductors or cables shall be provided or the location where such holes are to be made shall be indicated
by providing a template or some other suitable means.
Terminals for connecting external conductors to the v.a.d. shall be designed so that the conductors are
clamped between metal surfaces without being damaged.
Terminals for connecting external conductors shall be designed so that the conductors are clamped between
metal surfaces without being damaged. Each terminal shall be capable of allowing the connection of any
2 2
conductor having a cross-sectional area between 0,28 mm and 1,5 mm inclusive.
4.7.2 Materials
The v.a.d. shall be constructed of material(s) capable of withstanding the tests specified in 5.2 to 5.19. In
addition, the material(s) of plastic enclosures shall meet the following flammability requirements:
a) IEC 60695-11-10, Class V-2 or HB75 for devices operating from a voltage source less than or equal to
30 V RMSr.m.s. or 42,4 V DCd.c. and consuming less than 15 W of power;
b) IEC 60695-11-20, Class 5VB for devices operating from a voltage source greater than 30 V RMSr.m.s.
or 42,4 V DCd.c. and consuming more than 15 W of power.
NOTE Verification of conformance to 4.7.2 a) and 4.7.2 b) can be carried out by examination of a Certificate of
Conformity or equivalent (see Annex D).
4.7.3 IP ratings
The degree of protection provided by the enclosure of v.a.d.s shall meet the following requirements:
a) for Type A v.a.d.: Code IP21C of IEC 60529:2001;
b) for Type B v.a.d.: Code IP33C of IEC 60529:2001;.
b)c) For Type C v.a.d: Code IP553C of IEC 60259.
4.7.4 Access
Means shall be provided to limit access for removal of parts or the whole device, e.g. special tool, codes,
hidden screws, seals, etc.
4.8 Manufacturer's adjustments
It shall not be possible to change the manufacturer’s settings except by special means (e.g. the use of a
special code or tool) or by breaking removing a seal.
4.9 On-site adjustment of mode or behaviour
If there is provision for on-site adjustment of the behaviour of the v.a.d.:
a) for each setting at which compliance with this standard is claimed, the v.a.d. shall comply with the
requirements of this part of ISO 7240 and access to the adjustment means shall only be possible by the
use of a code or special tool or by removing the v.a.d. from its base or mounting, and
ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
b) any setting(s) at which compliance with this part of ISO 7240 is not claimed, shall only be accessible by
the use of a code or special tool and it shall be clearly marked on the v.a.d. or in the associated data that
when these setting(s) are used, the v.a.d. does not comply with the standard.
NOTE These adjustments may be carried out at the v.a.d. or at the control and indicating equipment.
4.10 Marking and data
4.10.1 Marking
Each v.a.d. shall be clearly marked with the following information:
a) number of this standard (i.e. ISO 7240-23:2011);
b) environment Type (i.e. Type A, Type B or Type C (see Clause 3));
c) device category (see 4.2);
d) name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier;
e) manufacturer or supplier model designation (type or number of the v.a.d.);
f) terminal designations;
g) a mark(s) or code(s) (e.g., serial number or batch code), by which the manufacturer can identify, at least,
the date or batch and place of manufacture and the version number(s) of any software contained within
the device.
For detachable v.a.d.s, the detachable part shall be marked with a), b), c), d), e) and g), and the base shall be
marked with, at least e) (i.e. its own model designation) and f).
Where any marking on the device uses symbols or abbreviations not in common use then these shall be
explained in the data supplied with the device.
The marking need not be discernible when the device is installed and ready for use but shall be visible during
installation and shall be accessible during maintenance.
The markings shall not be placed on screws or other easily removable parts of the device.
NOTE Where ZA.3 covers the same information as this clause, the requirements of this clause are met.
4.10.2 Data
The information required in 4.10.1, together with the following, shall be supplied with the device, or shall be
given in a data sheet or technical manual identified on, or with each device:
a) rated supply voltages or voltage ranges (ACa.c. or DCd.c.);
b) power and current consumption;
c) supply frequency ranges, where relevant;
d) the coverage characteristics:
1) for category C devices, the information shall clearly show or state:
i) the maximum allowable height of the device above the floor level, given in metres,
i.e. parameter x in the category specification as described in 4.2.2,
6 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
ii) the cylindrical volume with its central axis extending vertically downwards from the device,
iii) the diameter of the above cylindrical volume, given in metres, i.e. parameter y in the category
specification as described in 4.2.2;
2) for category W devices, the information shall clearly show or state:
i) the device correct orientation,
ii) features of the device used to align the device to the orientation given in 4.10.2 d 2) i),
iii) the maximum allowable mounted height of the device, given in metres, i.e. parameter x in the
category specification as described in 4.2.3,
iv) the cuboid volume with its vertical side equal to the height at which the device is mounted and
with the device in the centre of one top edge,
v) the length of the other two sides of the cuboid, given in metres, i.e. parameter y in the category
specification as described in 4.2.3;
3) for category O devices, the information shall clearly show or state:
i) the recommended mounting position of the device,
ii) any specific requirement for mounting the device in a particular orientation, and how this
orientation can be identified on the device,
iii) any restrictions on the minimum and maximum allowable mounted height,
iv) the volumetric shape, its dimensions and how it is related to the device;
e) the light pattern and frequency of flashing;
f) IP Code to IEC 60529:2001;
g) any other information necessary to allow correct installation, operation and maintenance of the device.
4.11 Additional requirements for software controlled v.a.d.s
4.11.1 General
For v.a.d.s which rely on software control in order to fulfil the requirements of this part of ISO 7240, the
requirements of 4.11.2, 4.11.3 and 4.11.4 shall be met.
4.11.2 Software documentation
4.11.2.1 manufacturer shall submit documentation which gives an overview of the software design. This
documentation shall be in sufficient detail for the design to be inspected for compliance with this part of
ISO 7240 and shall include at least the following:
a) a functional description of the main program flow (e.g. as a flow diagram or structogram) including:
1) a brief description of the modules and the functions that they perform,
2) the way in which the modules interact,
3) the overall hierarchy of the program,
ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
4) the way in which the software interacts with the hardware of the v.a.d.,
5) the way in which the modules are called, including any interrupt processing.
b) a description of which areas of memory are used for the various purposes (e.g. the program, site specific
data and running data);
c) a designation, by which the software and its version can be uniquely identified.
4.11.2.2 The manufacturer shall prepare and maintain detailed design documentation. This shall be
available for inspection in a manner that respects the manufacturers' rights for confidentiality. It shall comprise
at least the following:
a) an overview of the whole system configuration, including all software and hardware components;
b) a description of each module of the program, containing at least:
6) the name of the module,
7) a description of the tasks performed,
8) a description of the interfaces, including the type of data transfer, the valid data range and the
checking for valid data;
c) full source code listings, as hard copy or in machine-readable form (e.g. ASCII-code), including all global
and local variables, constants and labels used, and sufficient comment for the program flow to be
recognized;
d) details of any software tools used in the design and implementation phase (e.g. CASE-tools, compilers).
NOTE This detailed design documentation may be reviewed at the manufacturers' premises.
4.11.3 Software design
In order to ensure the reliability of the v.a.d., the following requirements for the software design shall apply:
a) the software shall have a modular structure;
a) the design of the interfaces for manually and automatically generated data shall not permit invalid data to
cause error in the program operation;
b) the software shall be designed to avoid the occurrence of deadlock of the program flow.
4.11.4 Storage of programme and data
The program necessary to comply with this standard and any preset data, such as manufacturer's settings,
shall be held in non-volatile memory. Writing to areas of memory containing this program and data shall only
be possible by the use of some special tool or code and shall not be possible during normal operation of the
v.a.d.
Site-specific data shall be held in memory which will retain data for at least two weeks without external power
to the v.a.d, unless provision is made for the automatic renewal of such data, following loss of power, within 1
h of power being restored.
4.12 Synchronization — Optional function
v.a.d.s that have a provision for synchronising signals with that of other v.a.d.s shall meet the synchronization
requirements of 5.19.
8 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
NOTE 1 Light flashing at rates of 3 Hz or more may cause seizure in people with photosensitive epilepsy. To prevent
this, the pulse-rate of v.a,d.s placed in the same open space may need to be synchronized,
V.a.d.s may include a synchronization function to eliminate the possibility of a flash frequency pattern that
could result in adverse effects, such as inducing epileptic fits, when devices are in close proximity. In such
cases, v.a.d.s shall meet the requirements of the test described in 5.19.
NOTE 2 This synchronization can be achieved by internal circuitry, the addition of a trigger wire connected between
devices or by other means defined by the manufacturer.
When power interruption is used for synchronisation purposes, this shall not adversely affect the visual
warning signal.
5 Tests
5.1 General
5.1.1 Atmospheric conditions for tests
Unless otherwise stated in a test procedure, the testing shall be carried out after the test specimen has been
allowed to stabilize in the standard atmospheric conditions for testing described in IEC 60068-1, as follows:
 temperature : 15 °C to 35 °C;
 relative humidity: 25 % to 75 %;
 air pressure : 86 kPa to 106 kPa.
The temperature and humidity shall be substantially constant for each test where these standard atmospheric
conditions are applied.
5.1.2 Operating conditions for tests
If a test method requires a specimen to be giving the visual alarm signal, then the specimen shall be
connected to suitable power supply equipment as specified in the data provided by the manufacturer. Where,
in order to be giving the visual alarm signal, a v.a.d. also requires the application of a control signal or signals,
this shall be provided in accordance with the manufacturer's specification.
If a test method requires a specimen to be in the quiescent state, then the specimen shall not be supplied with
power unless it is a v.a.d. of the types which have electronic circuits for analyzing control signals and
triggering the visual alarm signal, in which case the specimen shall be connected to suitable power supply and
control equipment as specified in the data provided by the manufacturer and the control signals shall be
arranged so that the specimen is in a non-signalling state.
Unless otherwise specified in the test procedure, the supply parameters applied to the specimen shall be set
within the manufacturer's specified range(s) and shall remain constant throughout the tests. The value chosen
for each parameter shall be the nominal value, or the mean of the specified range.
If different light levels for operation under different conditions are declared (see 4.10.2), then, unless otherwise
specified by the test procedure, the tests shall be conducted under one selected mode of operation only.
Selection of the mode of operation shall be made with the aim to use that which consumes the most power.
This shall normally be the brightest mode and/or the mode with the highest frequency of flashing.
NOTE All modes of operation and all voltage ranges are tested in 5.4.
ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
5.1.3 Mounting arrangements
Unless otherwise specified, the specimen shall be mounted by its normal means of attachment in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions on a flat rigid backing board. If these instructions describe more than one
method of mounting then the method considered to be most unfavourable shall be chosen for each test.
5.1.4 Tolerances
The tolerances for the environmental test parameters shall be given in the basic reference standards for the
test (e.g. the relevant part of IEC 60068).
If a specific tolerance or deviation limit is not specified in a requirement or test procedure, then a deviation
limit of ± 5 % shall be applied.
5.1.5 Provision for tests
The following shall be provided for testing compliance with this European Standard:
a) eight specimens of Type A or ten specimens of Type B or Type C with any mounting, bases, boxes or
accessories etc.;
b) any equipment, such as a control and indicating equipment, as may be necessary for the correct
operation of the v.a.d. in accordance with the manufacturer's specification;
c) the data required in 4.10.2.
The specimens submitted shall be deemed representative of the manufacturer's normal production with
regard to their construction and settings.
NOTE The details of the power supply equipment used and/or the equipment used for generating the control
signal(s) should be given in the test report.
5.1.6 Test schedule
The specimens shall be tested and inspected according to the schedule given in Table 1.
All the specimens shall be first submitted to the reproducibility test described in 5.2. On completion of the
reproducibility test, the specimen with the least bright light level shall be numbered 1 and the rest arbitrarily
numbered from 2 to 8 for Type A or 2 to 10 for Type B or for Type C.
Unless otherwise required by the test procedure, the mode of operation selected for conducting the
reproducibility test shall be used for the other tests.
10 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
Table 1 — Test schedule
a, b, c
Specimen No(s)
Subclaus
c
Test
e
Type A Type B/C
Reproducibility 5.2 All All
Variation of light output 5.3 1 1
Operational performance 5.4 1 1
Durability 5.5 2 2
Dry heat (operational) 5.6 3 3
Dry heat (endurance) 5.7 — 9
Cold (operational) 5.8 3 3
Damp heat, cyclic (operational) 5.9 3 3
Damp heat, steady state (endurance) 5.10 3 3
Damp heat, cyclic (endurance) 5.11 — 10
SO2 corrosion (endurance) 5.12 4 4
Shock (operational) 5.13 5 5
Impact (operational) 5.14 6 6
Vibration (operational) 5.15 7 7
Vibration (endurance) 5.16 7 7
b
EMC, Electrostatic discharge (operational) 5.17  8 8
b
EMC, Radiated electromagnetic fields (operational) 5.17 8 8
b
EMC, Conducted disturbances induced by electromagnetic fields 5.17 8 8
(operational)
b
EMC, Voltage transients fast transient bursts (operational) 8 8
5.17
b
EMC, Voltage transients slow high energy voltage surge 5.17 8 8
(operational)
Enclosure protection 5.18 1, 2 1, 2
Flash synchronisation testing (optional function) 5.19 1, 2 1, 2
a
Where a specimen is intended to be used for more than one test and its light output level differs from that measured during the
reproducibility test by more than a factor of 2 after one of the tests, a new specimen shall be used for the next test on the schedule for
that specimen. The light output level shall be first measured as specified in 5.2.
b
The EMC tests specified in 5.17 are not required for v.a.d.s which do not rely on active electronic components for their operation.
c
The tests on an individual specimen may be carried out in any order except that the reproducibility test (5.2) shall be performed
first on all specimens and the tests on specimens 1 and 2 shall be carried out in the order listed (i.e. 5.18 last).

ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
5.2 Reproducibility
5.2.1 Object of the test
To show that the light output of the v.a.d. does not vary unduly from specimen to specimen and to establish
light output data for comparison with the light output measured during and/or after the environmental tests.
5.2.2 Test procedure
Measure the light output levels of all the specimens as described in Annex B.
Record the measurement for each specimen and designate the light output level of the brightest and the least
bright specimen Q and Q , respectively.
max min
5.2.3 Test requirements
The ratio of the light output levels Q : Q shall not exceed 2.
max min
5.3 Variation of effective luminous intensity
5.3.1 Object of the test
To show that the effective luminous intensity of the v.a.d. does not unduly vary over time.
5.3.2 Test procedure
Mount the specimen as shown in Figure A.2, view C, with an α rotation of 90°. Log the signal received by the
light sensor and power the v.a.d. until the stabilization time specified is achieved or for 30 min, whichever is
shorter. Determine the effective luminous intensity I as described in A.6 after 1 min, 10 min, 20 min and
eff(av)
30 min.
Designate the maximum I and the minimum I , P and P respectively.
eff(av) eff(av) max min
5.3.3 Test requirements
The ratio of the luminous intensity P : P shall be less than 1,33.
max min
5.4 Operational performance
5.4.1 Object of the test
To check that the effective luminous intensity declared can be achieved at the worst case of the specified
supply parameters (e.g. voltage) and is not unduly dependent on these parameters.
5.4.2 Test procedure
Measure the effective luminous intensity of the specimen as described in Annex A with the supply parameters
set at the minimum of the specified range(s) (see 4.10.2 a) and c)).
If different effective luminous intensities and different flashing frequencies and/or patterns for different modes
of operation are declared (see 4.10.2 e)), then the effective luminous intensity of the specimen shall be
measured under each mode.
After all the measurements have been made, select the position which produced the highest effective
luminous intensity and repeat the measurement for that position with the supply parameters set at the
maximum of the specified range(s) (see 4.10.2 a) and c)).
12 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 7240-23.2
5.4.3 Test requirements
a) the effective luminous intensity shall be greater than 1 cd for 70 % of all the measurement points, and
b) the effective luminous intensity shall not exceed 500 cd, at any measurement point, and
c) the coverage distance at each of the specified angles shall not be less than that required by the category
of v.a.d. declared (see 4.10.2 d)).
5.5 Durability
5.5.1 Object of the test
To show that the light level of the v.a.d. does not change significantly after prolonged operation.
5.5.2 Test procedure
5.5.2.1 Conditioning
Submit the specimen to the following durability cycle 100 times:
 operational condition for 1 h at the maximum of the supply voltage declared (see 4.10.2 a)); followed by
 non-operational condition for 1 h.
5.5.2.2 Final measurements
Within 1 h of the final period of operation:
a) for v.a.d. using multiple light sources, verify the functioning of each light source;
b) measure the light output of the specimen as described in Annex B.
5.5.3 RequirementsTest requirements
a) all light sources shall be functioning when checked d
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7240-23
First edition
2013-01-15
Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 23:
Visual alarm devices
Systèmes de détection et d’alarme d’incendie —
Partie 23: Dispositifs d’alarme visuels
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the
address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviations . 3
4 Requirements . 3
4.1 Compliance . 3
4.2 Device class . 3
4.3 Minimum and maximum effective light intensity . 4
4.4 Light colour . 4
4.5 Light pattern and frequency of flashing . 4
4.6 Durability . 4
4.7 Construction . 4
4.8 Manufacturer’s adjustments . 5
4.9 On-site adjustment of mode or behaviour . 5
4.10 Marking and data . 5
4.11 Additional requirements for software controlled visual alarm devices . 7
4.12 Synchronization — Optional function . 8
5 Tests . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Reproducibility .10
5.3 Variation of effective luminous intensity.11
5.4 Operational performance.11
5.5 Durability .12
5.6 Dry heat (operational) .12
5.7 Dry heat (endurance) .13
5.8 Cold (operational) .14
5.9 Damp heat, cyclic (operational) .15
5.10 Damp heat, steady-state (endurance) .16
5.11 Damp heat, cyclic (endurance) .17
5.12 Sulfur dioxide (SO ) corrosion (endurance) .18
5.13 Shock (operational) .19
5.14 Impact (operational) .20
5.15 Vibration, sinusoidal (operational) .21
5.16 Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance) .22
5.17 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), immunity (operational) .23
5.18 Enclosure protection .24
5.19 Flash synchronisation testing (optional function) .26
6 Test report .27
Annex A (normative) Method for measuring the light distribution from a visual alarm device .29
Annex B (normative) Comparative light output level measurement for visual alarm devices .36
Annex C (informative) Construction of the light test chamber and associated equipment for
comparative measurements .38
Annex D (informative) Comparison of flammability test requirements .40
Bibliography .42
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 7240-23 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 21, Equipment for fire protection and fire
fighting, Subcommittee SC 3, Fire detection and alarm systems.
ISO 7240 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire detection and alarm systems:
— Part 1: General and definitions
— Part 2: Control and indicating equipment
— Part 3: Audible alarm devices
— Part 4: Power supply equipment
— Part 5: Point-type heat detectors
— Part 6: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using electro-chemical cells
— Part 7: Point-type smoke detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
— Part 8: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using an electro-chemical cell in combination with a heat sensor
— Part 9: Test fires for fire detectors [Technical Specification]
— Part 10: Point-type flame detectors
— Part 11: Manual call points
— Part 12: Line type smoke detectors using a transmitted optical beam
— Part 13: Compatibility assessment of system components
— Part 14: Guidelines for drafting codes of practice for design, installation and use of fire detection and fire
alarm systems in and around buildings [Technical Report]
— Part 15: Point type fire detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization sensors in
combination with a heat sensor
— Part 16: Sound system control and indicating equipment
— Part 17: Short-circuit isolators
— Part 18: Input/output devices
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

— Part 19: Design, installation, commissioning and service of sound systems for emergency purposes
— Part 21: Routing equipment
— Part 22: Smoke detection equipment for ducts
— Part 23: Visual alarm devices
— Part 24: Sound-system loudspeakers
— Part 25: Components using radio transmission paths
— Part 27: Point-type fire detectors using scattered-light, transmitted-light or ionization smoke sensor, an
electrochemical cell carbon-monoxide sensor and a heat sensor
— Part 28: Fire protection control equipment
Introduction
The purpose of a visual fire alarm device is to warn person(s) within, or in the vicinity of, a building of
the occurrence of a fire emergency in order to enable such person(s) to take appropriate measures.
This part of ISO 7240 allows manufacturers to specify visual alarm devices in terms of the range at
which the required illumination is met. Three classes of device are defined, one for ceiling mounted
devices, one for wall mounted devices and an open class. The maximum range of the visual alarm device
is tested by measuring the light output in a part of the hemisphere surrounding it to determine its light
distribution. As the light output of some visual alarm devices can change over time due, for example,
to the effect of self-heating, a specific test checks that the variation of light output over time is within
acceptable limits.
This part of ISO 7240 gives common requirements for the construction and robustness of visual
alarm devices as well as for their performance under climatic, mechanical and electrical interference
conditions which are likely to occur in the service environment. Visual alarm devices can be classified
in one of three application environment types.
vi © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7240-23:2013(E)
Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 23:
Visual alarm devices
1 Scope
This part of ISO 7240 specifies the requirements, test methods and performance criteria for visual alarm
devices in a fixed installation intended to signal a visual warning of a fire between a fire detection and
alarm system and occupants in and around buildings.
This part of ISO 7240 specifies visual alarm devices for three types of application environment.
It is only applicable to pulsing or flashing visual alarm devices, for example xenon beacons or rotating
beacons. It is not applicable to devices giving continuous light output.
This part of ISO 7240 is not intended to cover visual indicators, for example, on detectors or on the
control and indicating equipment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2813:1994, Paints and varnishes — Determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20
degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees
ISO 7240-1, Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 1: General and definitions
ISO/CIE 23539:2005, Photometry — The CIE system of physical photometry
IEC 60068-1:1988, Environmental testing — Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1:2007, Environmental testing — Part 2-1: Tests — Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2:2007, Environmental testing — Part 2-2: Tests — Test B — Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-6:2007, Environmental testing — Part 2-6: Tests — Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-27:2008, Environmental testing — Part 2-27: Tests — Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-30:2005, Environmental testing — Part 2-30: Tests — Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)
IEC 60068-2-42:2003, Environmental testing — Part 2-42: Tests — Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test for contacts
and connections
IEC 60068-2-75:1997, Environmental testing — Part 2-75: Tests — Test Eh: Hammer tests
IEC 60068-2-78:2001, Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
IEC 60529:2001, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60695-11-10:2003, Fire hazard testing — Part 11-10: Test flames — 50 W horizontal and vertical
flame test methods
IEC 60695-11-20:2003, Fire hazard testing — Part 11-20: Test flames — 500 W flame test methods
EN 50130-4:2011, Alarm systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard:
immunity requirements for components of fire, intruder, hold up, CCTV, access control and social alarm systems
UL 94, Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances testing
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and abbreviations given in ISO 7240-1 and the
following apply.
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
coverage volume
volume within which the required illumination is achieved
3.1.2
class C visual alarm device
device intended for mounting on ceilings
3.1.3
class O visual alarm device
device where the mounting is specified by the manufacturer
3.1.4
class W visual alarm device
device intended for mounting on walls
3.1.5
normal axis
axis normal to the mounting plane which passes through the reference point
3.1.6
mode (of operation)
one of a possible number of pre-defined light outputs selected by means specified by the manufacturer
3.1.7
reference point
optical centre within or on the surface of the visual alarm device specified by the manufacturer
3.1.8
required illumination
illumination of 0,4 lm/m on a surface perpendicular to the direction of the light emitted from the device
3.1.9
type A visual alarm device
device primarily intended for conditioned indoor applications
Note 1 to entry: In certain climates, a Type A visual alarm device may be suitable for some unconditioned indoor
areas such as an enclosed attached garage or some protected outdoor areas such as under an awning.
3.1.10
type B visual alarm device
device primarily intended for unconditioned indoor or outdoor applications
Note 1 to entry: A Type B visual alarm device may be more suitable than a Type A visual alarm device for some
conditioned indoor areas where high temperature and/or humidity are present.
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

3.1.11
type C visual alarm device
device primarily intended for harsh environment applications
Note 1 to entry: Type C visual alarm devices are specifically intended for use in extreme climates and areas were
harsh environment exists, e.g. mining, including open-cast mining.
3.1.12
visual alarm device
v.a.d
device which generates a flashing light to signal to the occupants of a building that a fire condition exists
3.2 Abbreviations
a.c. alternating current
d.c. direct current
r.m.s. root mean square
v.a.d. visual alarm device
4 Requirements
4.1 Compliance
In order to comply with this part of ISO 7240, the v.a.d. shall meet the requirements of Clause 4, which
shall be verified by visual inspection or engineering assessment, shall be tested as described in Clause 5
and shall meet the requirements of the tests.
4.2 Device class
4.2.1 The v.a.d shall meet the requirement for coverage volume of at least one of the following three classes:
a) ‘C’, ceiling mounted devices;
b) ‘W’, wall mounted devices;
c) ‘O’, open class devices.
4.2.2 Class C devices shall be further specified as C-x-y (see 4.10 2 d) 1)), where:
— x is the maximum height, in metres, between 2,5 m and 10 m at which the device may be mounted, and
— y is the diameter, in metres, of the coverage cylindrical volume when the device is mounted at the
ceiling height.
EXAMPLE C-3-12 refers to a ceiling mounted device, with a maximum mounting height of 3 m, providing a
cylindrical volume of 12 m diameter.
NOTE If a C-3-12 is located at the centre of square, it corresponds to a square coverage range (8.49 × 8.49) m
contained within a circle of 12 m diameter.
4.2.3 Class W devices shall be further specified as W-x-y (see 4.10 2 d) 2)), where:
— x is the maximum height of the devices on the wall, in metres, with a minimum value of 2,4 m, and
— y is the width of a square room, in metres, covered by the device.
EXAMPLE W-2.4-6 refers to a wall mounted device, with a maximum mounting height of 2,4 m, providing a
coverage volume of (2,4 × 6 × 6) m.
4.2.4 For class O devices the coverage volume in which the required illumination is achieved shall be
specified (see 4.10 2 d) 3)).
4.3 Minimum and maximum effective light intensity
When tested in accordance with 5.4, the v.a.d. shall produce an effective light intensity of at least 1 cd for
70 % of all measurement points and shall not exceed 500 cd for any measurement points.
4.4 Light colour
The v.a.d. shall emit a white or red flashing light.
4.5 Light pattern and frequency of flashing
The flash rate of the v.a.d. shall be between 0,5 Hz and 2 Hz measured between the 10 % of peak values
of consecutive leading edges of the pulses (P ).
10L
NOTE The frequency of flashing may vary in different countries. Reference needs to be made to local
regulations. Some countries have adopted the ISO 8201 temporal pattern.
The maximum on-time, measured between the 10 % of peak values of the leading edge (P ) and trailing
10L
edge (P ) of the pulse shall not exceed 0,2 s.
10T
If the light emitted consists of groups of several pulses and if the time between the P of one pulse and
10T
the P of the next pulse is less than 0,04 s then the pulses shall be considered as a single event.
10L
Any set of multiple pulses shall not exceed 0,2 s between the P of the first peak to the P of the last peak.
10L 10T
A set of pulses where the minimum value does not drop below 10 % of the peak value is considered as a
single pulse and shall not exceed 0,2 s between P and P .
10L 10T
4.6 Durability
The v.a.d. shall be rated for at least 100 h operation. No limitation on duty factor or maximum on-
time shall prevent the device from operating the 1 h ‘on’ 1 h ‘off’ cycle required by the test procedure
described in 5.5.
NOTE This requirement does not apply to the capacity of batteries which may be used within a v.a.d as a
means of local storage of operating power. The capacity and charging requirements of such batteries need to meet
the requirements of the system.
4.7 Construction
4.7.1 Provision for external conductors
The v.a.d. shall provide space within its enclosure for entry and termination of external conductors.
Entry holes for conductors or cables shall be provided or the location where such holes are to be made
shall be indicated by providing a template or some other suitable means.
Terminals for connecting external conductors to the v.a.d. shall be designed so that the conductors are
clamped between metal surfaces without being damaged.
4 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

4.7.2 Materials
The v.a.d. shall be constructed of material(s) capable of withstanding the tests specified in 5.2 to 5.19.
In addition, the material(s) of plastic enclosures shall meet the following flammability requirements:
a) IEC 60695-11-10, Class V-2 or HB75 for devices operating from a voltage source less than or equal to
30 V r.m.s. or 42,4 V d.c. and consuming less than 15 W of power;
b) IEC 60695-11-20, Class 5VB for devices operating from a voltage source greater than 30 V r.m.s. or
42,4 V d.c. and/or consuming more than 15 W of power.
NOTE Verification of conformance to 4.7.2 a) and 4.7.2 b) can be carried out by examination of a Certificate of
Conformity or equivalent (see Annex D).
4.7.3 Ingress protection
The degree of protection provided by the enclosure of the v.a.d shall meet the following requirements:
a) for a Type A v.a.d.: Code IP21C of IEC 60529:2001;
b) for a Type B v.a.d.: Code IP33C of IEC 60529:2001;
c) For a Type C v.a.d.: Code IP53C of IEC 60529:2001.
4.7.4 Access
Means shall be provided to limit access for removal of parts or the whole device, e.g. special tool, codes,
hidden screws, seals.
4.8 Manufacturer’s adjustments
It shall not be possible to change the manufacturer’s settings except by special means (e.g. the use of a
special code or tool) or by breaking removing a seal.
4.9 On-site adjustment of mode or behaviour
If there is provision for on-site adjustment of the behaviour of the v.a.d.:
a) for each setting at which compliance with this part of ISO 7240 is claimed, the v.a.d. shall comply
with the requirements of this part of ISO 7240 and access to the adjustment means shall only be
possible by the use of a code or special tool or by removing the v.a.d. from its base or mounting, and
b) any setting(s) at which compliance with this part of ISO 7240 is not claimed, shall only be accessible
by the use of a code or special tool and it shall be clearly marked on the v.a.d. or in the associated
data that when these setting(s) are used, the v.a.d. does not comply with this part of ISO 7240.
NOTE These adjustments may be carried out at the v.a.d. or at the control and indicating equipment.
4.10 Marking and data
4.10.1 Marking
Each v.a.d. shall be clearly marked with the following information:
a) number of this International Standard (i.e. ISO 7240-23:2012);
b) environment Type [i.e. Type A, Type B or Type C (see definitions in Clause 3)];
c) device class (see 4.2);
d) name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier;
e) manufacturer or supplier model designation (type or number of the v.a.d.);
f) terminal designations;
g) a mark(s) or code(s) (e.g. serial number or batch code), by which the manufacturer can identify,
at least, the date or batch and place of manufacture and the version number(s) of any software
contained within the device.
For a detachable v.a.d., the detachable part shall be marked with a), b), c), d), e) and g), and the base shall
be marked with, at least e) (i.e. its own model designation) and f).
Where any marking on the device uses symbols or abbreviations not in common use then these shall be
explained in the data supplied with the device.
The marking need not be discernible when the device is installed and ready for use but shall be visible
during installation and shall be accessible during maintenance.
The markings shall not be placed on screws or other easily removable parts of the device.
4.10.2 Data
The information required in 4.10.1, together with the following, shall be supplied with the device, or
shall be given in a data sheet or technical manual identified on, or with each device:
a) rated supply voltages or voltage ranges (a.c. or d.c.);
b) power and current consumption;
c) supply frequency ranges, where relevant;
d) the coverage characteristics:
1) for class C devices, the information shall clearly show or state:
i) the maximum allowable height of the device above the floor level, given in metres, i.e.
parameter x in the class specification as described in 4.2.2,
ii) the cylindrical volume with its central axis extending vertically downwards from the device,
iii) the diameter of the above cylindrical volume, given in metres, i.e. parameter y in the
specification of the class as described in 4.2.2;
2) for class W devices, the information shall clearly show or state:
i) the device correct orientation,
ii) features of the device used to align the device to the orientation given in 4.10.2 d 2) i),
iii) the maximum allowable mounted height of the device, given in metres, i.e parameter x in
the specification of the class as described in 4.2.3,
iv) the cuboid volume with its vertical side equal to the height at which the device is mounted
and with the device in the centre of one top edge,
v) the length of the other two sides of the cuboid, given in metres, i.e. parameter y in the
specification of the class as described in 4.2.3;
3) for class O devices, the information shall clearly show or state:
i) the recommended mounting position of the device,
ii) any specific requirement for mounting the device in a particular orientation, and how this
orientation can be identified on the device,
6 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

iii) any restrictions on the minimum and maximum allowable mounted height,
iv) the volumetric shape, its dimensions and how it is related to the device;
e) the light pattern and frequency of flashing;
f) IP Code to IEC 60529:2001;
g) any other information necessary to allow correct installation, operation and maintenance of the device.
4.11 Additional requirements for software controlled visual alarm devices
4.11.1 General
For a v.a.d. which relies on software control in order to fulfil the requirements of this part of ISO 7240,
the requirements of 4.11.2, 4.11.3 and 4.11.4 shall be met.
4.11.2 Software documentation
4.11.2.1 The manufacturer shall submit documentation which gives an overview of the software design.
This documentation shall be in sufficient detail for the design to be inspected for compliance with this
part of ISO 7240 and shall include at least the following:
a) a functional description of the main program flow (e.g. as a flow diagram or structogram) including:
1) a brief description of the modules and the functions that they perform,
2) the way in which the modules interact,
3) the overall hierarchy of the program,
4) the way in which the software interacts with the hardware of the v.a.d.,
5) the way in which the modules are called, including any interrupt processing.
b) a description of which areas of memory are used for the various purposes (e.g. the program, site
specific data and running data);
c) a designation, by which the software and its version can be uniquely identified.
4.11.2.2 The manufacturer shall prepare and maintain detailed design documentation. This shall be
available for inspection in a manner that respects the manufacturers’ rights for confidentiality. It shall
comprise at least the following:
a) an overview of the whole system configuration, including all software and hardware components;
b) a description of each module of the program, containing at least:
1) the name of the module,
2) a description of the tasks performed,
3) a description of the interfaces, including the type of data transfer, the valid data range and the
checking for valid data;
c) full source code listings, as hard copy or in machine-readable form (e.g. ASCII-code), including all
global and local variables, constants and labels used, and sufficient comment for the program flow
to be recognized;
d) details of any software tools used in the design and implementation phase (e.g. CASE-tools, compilers).
NOTE This detailed design documentation may be reviewed at the manufacturers’ premises.
4.11.3 Software design
In order to ensure the reliability of the v.a.d., the following requirements for the software design shall apply:
a) the design of the interfaces for manually and automatically generated data shall not permit invalid
data to cause error in the program operation;
b) the software shall be designed to avoid the occurrence of deadlock of the program flow.
4.11.4 Storage of programme and data
The program necessary to comply with this part of ISO 7240 and any preset data, such as manufacturer’s
settings, shall be held in non-volatile memory. Writing to areas of memory containing this program
and data shall only be possible by the use of some special tool or code and shall not be possible during
normal operation of the v.a.d.
Site-specific data shall be held in memory which will retain data for at least two weeks without external
power to the v.a.d, unless provision is made for the automatic renewal of such data, following loss of
power, within 1 h of power being restored.
4.12 Synchronization — Optional function
Where v.a.d. have a provision for synchronising signals with that of at least one other v.a.d. the maximum
difference between v.a.d. shall be less than 0,05 s.
NOTE 1 Light flashing at rates of 3 Hz or more may cause seizure in people with photosensitive epilepsy. To
prevent this, the pulse-rate of v.a.d.s placed in the same open space may need to be synchronized.
NOTE 2 This synchronization can be achieved by internal circuitry, the addition of a trigger wire connected
between devices or by other means defined by the manufacturer.
When power interruption is used for synchronisation purposes, this shall not adversely affect the visual
warning signal.
5 Tests
5.1 General
5.1.1 Atmospheric conditions for tests
Unless otherwise stated in a test procedure, the testing shall be carried out after the test specimen has been
allowed to stabilize in the standard atmospheric conditions for testing described in IEC 60068-1, as follows:
— temperature: 15 °C to 35 °C;
— relative humidity: 25 % to 75 %;
— air pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa.
The temperature and humidity shall be substantially constant for each test where these standard
atmospheric conditions are applied.
5.1.2 Operating conditions for tests
If a test method requires a specimen to be giving the visual alarm signal, then the specimen shall be
connected to suitable power supply equipment as specified in the data provided by the manufacturer.
Where, in order to be giving the visual alarm signal, a v.a.d. also requires the application of a control
signal or signals, this shall be provided in accordance with the manufacturer’s specification.
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If a test method requires a specimen to be in the quiescent state, then the specimen shall not be supplied
with power unless it is a v.a.d. of the types which have electronic circuits for analysing control signals
and triggering the visual alarm signal, in which case the specimen shall be connected to suitable power
supply and control equipment as specified in the data provided by the manufacturer and the control
signals shall be arranged so that the specimen is in a non-signalling state.
Unless otherwise specified in the test procedure, the supply parameters applied to the specimen shall
be set within the manufacturer’s specified range(s) and shall remain constant throughout the tests. The
value chosen for each parameter shall be the nominal value, or the mean of the specified range.
If different light levels for operation under different conditions are declared (see 4.10.2), then, unless
otherwise specified by the test procedure, the tests shall be conducted under one selected mode of operation
only. Selection of the mode of operation shall be made with the aim to use that which consumes the most
power. This shall normally be the brightest mode and/or the mode with the highest frequency of flashing.
NOTE All modes of operation and all voltage ranges are tested in 5.4.
5.1.3 Mounting arrangements
Unless otherwise specified, the specimen shall be mounted by its normal means of attachment in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions on a flat rigid backing board. If these instructions
describe more than one method of mounting then the method considered to be most unfavourable shall
be chosen for each test.
5.1.4 Tolerances
The tolerances for the environmental test parameters shall be given in the basic reference standards for
the test (e.g. the relevant part of IEC 60068).
If a specific tolerance or deviation limit is not specified in a requirement or test procedure, then a
deviation limit of ± 5 % shall be applied.
5.1.5 Provision for tests
The following shall be provided for testing compliance with this part of ISO 7240:
a) eight specimens of Type A or 10 specimens of Type B or Type C with any mounting, bases, boxes or
accessories etc.;
b) any equipment, such as a control and indicating equipment, as may be necessary for the correct
operation of the v.a.d. in accordance with the manufacturer’s specification;
c) the data required in 4.10.2.
The specimens submitted shall be deemed representative of the manufacturer’s normal production
with regard to their construction and settings.
The details of the power supply equipment used and/or the equipment used for generating the control
signal(s) should be given in the test report.
5.1.6 Test schedule
The specimens shall be tested and inspected according to the schedule given in Table 1.
All the specimens shall be first submitted to the reproducibility test described in 5.2. On completion of
the reproducibility test, the specimen with the least bright light level shall be numbered 1 and the rest
arbitrarily numbered from 2 to 8 for Type A or 2 to 10 for Type B or for Type C.
Unless otherwise required by the test procedure, the mode of operation selected for conducting the
reproducibility test shall be used for the other tests.
Table 1 — Test schedule
a, b, c
Specimen No(s)
c
Test Subclause
Type A Type B/C
Reproducibility 5.2 All All
Variation of effective luminous intensity 5.3 1 1
Operational performance 5.4 1 1
Durability 5.5 2 2
Dry heat (operational) 5.6 3 3
Dry heat (endurance) 5.7 — 9
Cold (operational) 5.8 3 3
Damp heat, cyclic (operational) 5.9 3 3
Damp heat, steady state (endurance) 5.10 3 3
Damp heat, cyclic (endurance) 5.11 — 10
Sulphur dioxide (SO ) corrosion (endurance) 5.12 4 4
Shock (operational) 5.13 5 5
Impact (operational) 5.14 6 6
Vibration sinusoidal (operational) 5.15 7 7
Vibration sinusoidal (endurance) 5.16 7 7
b
EMC, Electrostatic discharge (operational) 5.17 8 8
b
EMC, Radiated electromagnetic fields (operational) 5.17 8 8
b
EMC, Conducted disturbances induced by electromagnetic fields (opera- 5.17 8 8
tional)
b
EMC, Voltage transients fast transient bursts (operational) 5.17 8 8
b
EMC, Voltage transients slow high energy voltage surge (operational) 5.17 8 8
Enclosure protection 5.18 1, 2 1, 2
Flash synchronisation testing (optional function) 5.19 1, 2 1, 2
a
Where a specimen is intended to be used for more than one test and its light output level differs from that measured
during the reproducibility test by more than a factor of 2 after one of the tests, a new specimen shall be used for the next test
on the schedule for that specimen. The light output level shall be first measured as specified in 5.2.
b
The EMC tests specified in 5.17 are not required for a v.a.d. which do not rely on active electronic components for their
operation.
c
The tests on an individual specimen may be carried out in any order except that the reproducibility test (5.2) shall be
performed first on all specimens and the tests on specimens 1 and 2 shall be carried out in the order listed (i.e. 5.18 last).
5.2 Reproducibility
5.2.1 Object of the test
To show that the light output of the v.a.d. does not vary unduly from specimen to specimen and to
establish light output data for comparison with the light output measured during and/or after the
environmental tests.
5.2.2 Test procedure
Measure the light output levels of all the specimens as described in Annex B.
Record the measurement for each specimen and designate the light output level of the brightest and the
least bright specimen Q and Q , respectively.
max min
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5.2.3 Test requirements
The ratio of the light output levels Q : Q shall not exceed 2.
max min
5.3 Variation of effective luminous intensity
5.3.1 Object of the test
To show that the effective luminous intensity of the v.a.d. does not unduly vary over time.
5.3.2 Test procedure
Mount the specimen as shown in Figure A.2, view C, with an α rotation of 90°. Log the signal received
by the light sensor and power the v.a.d. until the stabilization time specified is achieved or for 30 min,
whichever is shorter. Determine the effective luminous intensity I as described in A.7 after 1 min,
eff(av)
10 min, 20 min and 30 min.
Designate the maximum I and the minimum I , P and P respectively.
eff(av) eff(av) max min
5.3.3 Test requirements
The ratio of the luminous intensity P : P shall be less than 1,33.
max min
5.4 Operational performance
5.4.1 Object of the test
To check that the effective luminous intensity declared can be achieved at the worst case of the specified
supply parameters (e.g. voltage) and is not unduly dependent on these parameters.
5.4.2 Test procedure
Measure the effective luminous intensity of the specimen as described in Annex A with the supply
parameters set at the minimum of the specified range(s) [see 4.10.2 a) and c)].
If different effective luminous intensities and different flashing frequencies and/or patterns for different
modes of operation are declared [see 4.10.2 e)], then the effective luminous intensity of the specimen
shall be measured under each mode.
After all the measurements have been made, select the position which produced the highest effective
luminous intensity and repeat the measurement for that position with the supply parameters set at the
maximum of the specified range(s) [see 4.10.2 a) and c)].
5.4.3 Test requirements
a) the effective luminous intensity obtained by calculation in A.7 shall be greater than 1 cd for 70 % of
all the measurement points, and
b) the effective luminous intensity obtained by calculation in A.7 shall not exceed 500 cd, at any
measurement point, and
c) the calculated coverage distance at each of the specified angles shall not be less than that required
by the class of the v.a.d. declared [see 4.10.2 d)].
5.5 Durability
5.5.1 Object of the test
To show that the light level of the v.a.d. does not change significantly after prolonged operation.
5.5.2 Test procedure
5.5.2.1 Conditioning
Submit the specimen to the following durability cycle 100 times:
— operational condition for 1 h at the maximum of the supply voltage declared [see 4.10.2 a)]; followed by
— non-operational condition for 1 h.
5.5.2.2 Final measurements
Within 1 h of the final period of operation:
a) for v.a.d. using multiple light sources, verify the functioning of each light source;
b) measure the light output of the specimen as described in Annex B.
5.5.3 Test requirements
a) all light sources shall be functioning when checked during final measurements [see 5.5.2.2 a)]; and
b) the light output level measured after 100 durability cycles shall not change by more than 1,5 from
that measured, for the same specimen, under the same operating condition, in the reproducibility
test (see 5.2).
5.6 Dry heat (operational)
5.6.1 Object of the test
To demonstrate the ability of the v.a.d. to function correctly at high ambient temperatures, which may
occur for short periods in the service environment.
5.6.2 Test procedure
5.6.2.1 Reference
Use the test apparatus and perform the procedure specified in IEC 60068-2-2, Test Bb, for non-heat
dissipating specimens or Test Bd for heat dissipating specimens, except that the test shall be conducted
as specified in Annex B and 5.6.2.2 to 5.6.2.6.
5.6.2.2 Pre-conditioning test
Mount the specimen in the light chamber as specified in Annex B.
Where modifications to the light chamber are necessary in order to heat the chamber, conduct a pre-
conditioning measurement of the light output as described in Annex B before the start of conditioning.
In this case, the result of this pre-conditioning test shall be used in place of the result obtained during
the reproducibility test.
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