ISO 4674-2:1998
(Main)Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Determination of tear resistance — Part 2: Ballistic pendulum method
Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Determination of tear resistance — Part 2: Ballistic pendulum method
Supports textiles revêtus de caoutchouc ou de plastique — Détermination de la résistance au déchirement — Partie 2: Méthode au mouton-pendule
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INTERNATIONAL
IS0
STANDARD 4674-2
First edition
1998-05-01
Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics -
Determination of tear resistance -
Part 2:
Ballistic pendulum method
Supports textiles rev&us de caoutchouc ou de plastique - Ddtermination
de la rbsistance au dkhirement -
Partie 2: Mkthode au mouton-pendule
Reference number
IS0 4674-2: 1998(E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
IS0 4674-2: 1998(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard IS0 4674-2 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISOfTC 45, Rubber and rubber products.
Together with part 1 of IS0 4674, this first edition of IS0 4674-2 cancels
and replaces the first edition of IS0 4674 (IS0 4674:1977), which has been
technically revised.
IS0 4674 consists of the following parts, under the general title Rubber- or
p/as tics-coa ted fabrics - Determination of tear resistance :
- Par? I: Constant rate of tear methods
- Part 2: Ballistic pendulum method
Annex A forms an integral part of this part of IS0 4674.
0 IS0 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Internet central @I iso.ch
x.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
@ IS0 IS0 4674-2: 1998(E)
Introduction
Tearing is amongst the more usual ways of destruction for many thin
materials such as paper, coated or uncoated textiles, plastics films and
leather. Knowledge of the resistance of these materials to this type of
behaviour is therefore very important.
In practice, tearing can result from very different circumstances; hence the
large number of test methods that have been developed in order to predict
the behaviour of materials in various situations.
The present International Standard deals with initiated tearing, i.e. the
propagation of a tear from an initiating cut. It consists of the following two
parts:
Part 1: Constant rate of tear methods;
- Part 2: Ballistic pendulum method.
The first part describes two methods using a tensile-testing machine at
constant rate of elongation. The second part describes a dynamic method
using the kinetic energy of a falling pendulum.
Other methods, for example the “wounded burst test”, are under
consideration as possible further parts.
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This page intentionally left blank
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 Iso IS0 4674-2: 1998(E)
ti - Determination of tear
Part 2:
Ballistic p ulum method
WARNING - Persons using this part of IS0 4674 should be familiar with normal laboratory practice.
This part of IS0 4674 does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to
ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
1
Scope
This part of this IS0 4674 describes a method for the determination of tear resistance based on the action
of an active force applied to a notched test piece.
The test may be carried out on:
test pieces that have been conditioned in a standard atmosphere, or
test pieces that have undergone pre-treatment, e.g. water immersion.
The results obtained by this method are not to be compared with those obtained by methods involving
constant rate of tear.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
part of IS0 4674. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of IS0 4674 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IS0 2231: 1989, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing.
IS0 2286-2: 1998, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics - Determination of roll characteristics - Part 2:
Methods for determination of total mass per unit area, mass per unit area of coating and mass per unit area
of substrate.
3 Principle
A sudden force is applied to a notched test piece. This force is generated by a pendulum. The amplitude of
the first oscillation enables the tearing force to be measured.
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@ IS0
IS0 4674-2: 1998(E)
4 Apparatus
41 Test machine of the pendulum type, in which the test piece is held between two jaws, one
movable and the other fixed, the clamping faces of which shall be in the same plane when the apparatus is
in its starting position. The moving jaw is attached to a pendulum which can fall under the influence of
gravity.
The apparatus is made up of the following parts:
4.1 .l
Rigid framework, supporting the pendulum and the fixed jaw, as well as the knife and measuring
device.
It is fitted with a level and positioned to prevent any movement during the test, for example by securing it by
means of threaded bolts on a rigid table.
4.1.2 Pendulum, that is free to swing about a horizontal axis on roller bearings, with means for holding
the pendulum in the raised starting position and releasing it instantly. The weight of the pendulum may be
altered by adding additional masses or by exchanging pendulums, thus giving the possibility of several
measuring scales.
4.1.3 Mechanical or electronic device, for determining the maximum amplitude of the first swing, and
thus the energy used to tear the test piece. The reading may be given directly in terms of tearing force.
4.1.4 Movable jaw, integral with the pendulum, and fixed jaw, integral with the framework.
These jaws shall be 2,8 mm -t 0,3 mm apart in order to permit the passage of the knife.
When the pendulum is in its starting position, the clamping faces of the jaws shall be in the same plane,
perpendicular to the plane of swing of the pendulum. The jaws shall be so aligned that the test piece lies in
a vertical plane parallel to the axis of the pendulum. The distance between the clamping line of the jaws and
the pendulum axis shall be 104 mm t 1 mm. The plane containing the clamping line and the axis of the
pendulum shall make an angle of 27,5” k 0,5” to the perpendicular.
The surface state of the clamping faces and the force applied to the jaws shall permit the test pieces to be
held without slipping. Closing of the jaws may be achieved by pressure systems. The dimensions of the
clamping faces are not critical. A width of 30 mm to 40 mm and a height of 15 mm to 20 mm have been
fou
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4674-2
First edition
1998-05-01
Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics —
Determination of tear resistance —
Part 2:
Ballistic pendulum method
Supports textiles revêtus de caoutchouc ou de plastique — Détermination
de la résistance au déchirement —
Partie 2: Méthode au mouton-pendule
A
Reference number
ISO 4674-2:1998(E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 4674-2:1998(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 4674-2 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products.
Together with part 1 of ISO 4674, this first edition of ISO 4674-2 cancels
and replaces the first edition of ISO 4674 (ISO 4674:1977), which has been
technically revised.
ISO 4674 consists of the following parts, under the general title Rubber- or
plastics-coated fabrics — Determination of tear resistance:
— Part 1: Constant rate of tear methods
— Part 2: Ballistic pendulum method
Annex A forms an integral part of this part of ISO 4674.
© ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
©
ISO ISO 4674-2:1998(E)
Introduction
Tearing is amongst the more usual ways of destruction for many thin
materials such as paper, coated or uncoated textiles, plastics films and
leather. Knowledge of the resistance of these materials to this type of
behaviour is therefore very important.
In practice, tearing can result from very different circumstances; hence the
large number of test methods that have been developed in order to predict
the behaviour of materials in various situations.
The present International Standard deals with initiated tearing, i.e. the
propagation of a tear from an initiating cut. It consists of the following two
parts:
— Part 1: Constant rate of tear methods;
— Part 2: Ballistic pendulum method.
The first part describes two methods using a tensile-testing machine at
constant rate of elongation. The second part describes a dynamic method
using the kinetic energy of a falling pendulum.
Other methods, for example the "wounded burst test", are under
consideration as possible further parts.
iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 4674-2:1998(E)
Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Determination of tear
resistance —
Part 2:
Ballistic pendulum method
WARNING — Persons using this part of ISO 4674 should be familiar with normal laboratory practice.
This part of ISO 4674 does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to
ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
1 Scope
This part of this ISO 4674 describes a method for the determination of tear resistance based on the action
of an active force applied to a notched test piece.
The test may be carried out on:
— test pieces that have been conditioned in a standard atmosphere, or
— test pieces that have undergone pre-treatment, e.g. water immersion.
The results obtained by this method are not to be compared with those obtained by methods involving
constant rate of tear.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
part of ISO 4674. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 4674 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 2231:1989, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing.
ISO 2286-2:1998, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Determination of roll characteristics — Part 2:
Methods for determination of total mass per unit area, mass per unit area of coating and mass per unit area
of substrate.
3 Principle
A sudden force is applied to a notched test piece. This force is generated by a pendulum. The amplitude of
the first oscillation enables the tearing force to be measured.
1
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©
ISO
ISO 4674-2:1998(E)
4 Apparatus
4.1 Test machine of the pendulum type, in which the test piece is held between two jaws, one
movable and the other fixed, the clamping faces of which shall be in the same plane when the apparatus is
in its starting position. The moving jaw is attached to a pendulum which can fall under the influence of
gravity.
The apparatus is made up of the following parts:
4.1.1 Rigid framework, supporting the pendulum and the fixed jaw, as well as the knife and measuring
device.
It is fitted with a level and positioned to prevent any movement during the test, for example by securing it by
means of threaded bolts on a rigid table.
4.1.2 Pendulum, that is free to swing about a horizontal axis on roller bearings, with means for holding
the pendulum in the raised starting position and releasing it instantly. The weight of the pendulum may be
altered by adding additional masses or by exchanging pendulums, thus giving the possibility of several
measuring scales.
4.1.3 Mechanical or electronic device, for determining the maximum amplitude of the first swing, and
thus the energy used to tear the test piece. The reading may be given directly in terms of tearing force.
4.1.4 Movable jaw, integral with the pendulum, and fixed jaw, integral with the framework.
These jaws shall be 2,8 mm ± 0,3 mm apart in order to permit the passage of the knife.
When the pendulum is in its starting position, the clamping faces of the jaws shall be in the same plane,
perpendicular to the plane of swing of the pendulum. The jaws shall be so aligned that the test piece lies in
a vertical plane parallel to the axis of the pendulum. The distance between the clamping line of the jaws and
the pendulum axis shall be 104 mm ± 1 mm. The plane containing the clamping line and the axis of the
pendulum shall make an angle of 27,5° ± 0,5° to the perpendicular.
The surface state of the clamping faces and the force applied to the jaws shall permit the test pieces to be
held without slipping. Closing of the jaws may be achieved by pressure systems. The dimensions of the
clamping faces are not critical. A width of 30 mm to 40 mm and a height of 15 mm to 20 mm have been
found to be suitable.
4.1.5 Knife, to begin the tear in
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 4674-2
Première édition
1998-05-01
Supports textiles revêtus de caoutchouc
ou de plastique — Détermination de
la résistance au déchirement —
Partie 2:
Méthode au mouton-pendule
Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Determination of tear resistance —
Part 2: Ballistic pendulum method
A
Numéro de référence
ISO 4674-2:1998(F)
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ISO 4674-2:1998(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération
mondiale d'organismes nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de
l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux
comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une
étude a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les
organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales,
en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore
étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en
ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques
sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur publication comme
Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des
comités membres votants.
La Norme internationale ISO 4674-2 a été élaborée par le comité technique
ISO/TC 45, Élastomères et produits à base d'élastomères.
Conjointement avec la partie 1 de l'ISO 4674, cette première édition de
l'ISO 4674-2 annule et remplace la première édition de l'ISO 4674
(ISO 4674:1977), dont elles constituent une révision technique.
L'ISO 4674 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre
général Supports textiles revêtus de caoutchouc ou de plastique —
Détermination de la résistance au déchirement:
— Partie 1: Méthodes à vitesse de déchirement constante
— Partie 2: Méthode au mouton-pendule
D'autres parties sont prévues.
L'annexe A fait partie intégrante de la présente partie de l'ISO 4674.
© ISO 1998
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publi-
cation ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun pro-
cédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord
écrit de l'éditeur.
Organisation internationale de normalisation
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Suisse
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Imprimé en Suisse
ii
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©
ISO ISO 4674-2:1998(F)
Introduction
La déchirure est un des moyens de destruction les plus courants pour
beaucoup de matériaux minces tels que papiers, textiles revêtus ou non,
films plastiques et cuirs. La connaissance de la résistance de ces
matériaux à ce genre de sollicitations est donc très importante.
En pratique, la déchirure peut résulter de circonstances très différentes,
d'où le grand nombre de méthodes d'essai qui ont été mises au point afin
de prédire le comportement des matériaux dans diverses situations.
L’ISO 4674 traite du déchirement amorcé c'est-à-dire la propagation de la
déchirure à partir d'une entaille. Elle comprend deux parties:
— Partie 1: Méthodes à vitesse de déchirement constante;
— Partie 2: Méthode au mouton-pendule.
La partie 1 décrit deux méthodes utilisant une machine d'essai de traction
à vitesse d'allongement constante. La partie 2 décrit une méthode
dynamique utilisant l'énergie cinétique d'un pendule qui chute.
D'autres méthodes sont examinées, lesquelles pourraient faire l’objet de
parties ultérieures de l’ISO 4674, par exemple l'essai d'«éclatement sur
amorce».
iii
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©
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO ISO 4674-2:1998(F)
Supports textiles revêtus de caoutchouc ou de plastique —
Détermination de la résistance au déchirement —
Partie 2:
Méthode au mouton-pendule
AVERTISSEMENT — Les personnes qui utilisent la présente partie de l’ISO 4674 doivent être
familiarisées avec les bonnes pratiques de laboratoire. La présente partie de l’ISO 4674 ne
prétend pas traiter de tous les problèmes de sécurité s’il en existe, liés à son utilisation. Il est
de la responsabilité de l’utilisateur de mettre en place des mesures de précautions adéquates
d’hygiène et de sécurité et de s’assurer du respect de toute réglementation nationale.
1 Domaine d'application
La présente partie de l’ISO 4674 prescrit une méthode pour la détermination de la résistance à la
déchirure fondée sur l'action d'une force active appliquée à une éprouvette entaillée.
Les essais peuvent être pratiqués
— sur des éprouvettes conditionnées dans une atmosphère normale, ou
— sur des éprouvettes ayant subi un traitement préalable, par exemple une immersion dans l'eau.
Les résultats obtenus par cette méthode ne peuvent être comparés à ceux obtenus par des méthodes
mettant en jeu une vitesse constante de déchirement.
2 Références normatives
Les normes suivantes contiennent des dispositions qui, par suite de la référence qui en est faite,
constituent des dispositions valables pour la présente partie de l’ISO 4674. Au moment de la publication,
les éditions indiquées étaient en vigueur. Toute norme est sujette à révision et les parties prenantes des
accords fondés sur la présente partie de l’ISO 4674 sont invitées à rechercher la possibilité d'appliquer les
éditions les plus récentes des normes indiquées ci-après. Les membres de la CEI et de l'ISO possèdent le
registre des Normes internationales en vigueur à un moment donné.
Supports textiles revêtus de caoutchouc ou de plastique — Atmosphères normales de
ISO 2231:1989,
conditionnement et d'essai.
ISO 2286-2:1998, Supports textiles revêtus de caoutchouc ou de plastique — Détermination des
caractéristiques des rouleaux — Partie 2: Méthodes de détermination de la masse surfacique totale, de
la masse surfacique du revêtement et de la masse surfacique du substrat.
3 Principe
Une force soudaine est appliquée à une éprouvette entaillée. Cette force est générée par un pendule.
L'amplitude de la première oscillation permet la mesure de la force de déchirement.
1
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©
ISO
ISO 4674-2:1998(F)
4 Appareillage
4.1 Machine d'essai de type pendulaire, dans laquelle l'éprouvette est maintenue par deux
mâchoires, l'une mobile et l'autre fixe, dont les faces de serrage doivent être dans le même plan quand
l'appareil est en position de départ. La mâchoire mobile est solidaire d'un pendule qui peut tomber sous
l' influence de la gravité.
La machine se compose des parties suivantes:
supportant le pendule et la mâchoire fixe, ainsi que le couteau et le dispositif de
4.1.1 Bâti rigide,
mesure.
Il est équipé d'un niveau et fixé de façon à éviter tout mouvement au cours de l'essai, par exemple en le
boulonnant sur une table rigide.
4.1.2 Pendule, libre d'osciller autour d'un axe horizontal monté sur roulements à billes, avec un
dispositif permettant de le maintenir relevé en position de départ et de le libérer instantanément.
Le poids du pendule peut être modifié par ajout de masses additionnelles ou par échange du pendule,
donnant ainsi la possibilité d'utiliser plusieurs échelles de mesure.
4.1.3 Dispositif mécanique ou électronique, permettant de déterminer l'amplitude maximale de la
première oscillation, donc l'énergie utilisée pour déchirer l'éprouvette.
La lecture peut être directement faite en termes de force de déchirement.
4.1.4 Mâchoire mobile solidaire du pendule, et mâchoire fixe solidaire du bâti.
Ces mâchoires doivent être écartées de 2,8 mm + 0,3 mm pour permettre le passage du couteau.
Lorsque le pendule est en position de départ, les faces de serrage des mâchoires doivent être dans un
même plan, perpendiculaire au plan d'oscillation du pendule. Les mâchoires doivent être alignées de
sorte que l'éprouvette est dans un plan vertical parallèle à l'axe du pendule. La distance entre la ligne de
fermeture des mâchoires et l'axe du pendule est de 104 mm + 1 mm. Le plan contenant la ligne de
fermeture des mâchoires et l'axe du pendule fait un angle de 27,5° + 0,5° avec la verticale.
L'état de surface des faces de serrage des mâchoires et la force appliquée aux mâchoires doivent
permettre de maintenir les éprouvettes sans glissement possible. La fermeture des mâchoires peut
être assurée par des dispositifs à pression. Les dimensions des faces de serrage ne sont pas
critiques. Une largeur de
...
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