ISO 1014:2021
(Main)Coke — Determination of true relative density, apparent relative density and porosity
Coke — Determination of true relative density, apparent relative density and porosity
This document specifies methods for a) determining the true relative density of coke, crushed to NOTE “True relative density” varies according to the displacement liquid used. b) determining the apparent relative density of coke, i.e. the ratio of the mass of a volume of dry coke to the mass of an equal volume of water; c) calculating the porosity of the coke.
Coke — Détermination de la densité relative vraie, de la densité relative apparente et de la porosité
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 1014
Third edition
2021-11
Coke — Determination of true relative
density, apparent relative density and
porosity
Coke — Détermination de la densité relative vraie, de la densité
relative apparente et de la porosité
Reference number
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 True relative density . 1
4.1 Principle . 1
4.2 Apparatus . 1
4.3 Preparation of sample . 2
4.4 Procedure . 3
4.5 Expression of results . . 3
4.5.1 Calculations . . 3
4.5.2 Precision . 4
5 Apparent relative density . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Principle . 4
5.3 Apparatus . 4
5.4 Sample . 6
5.5 Procedure . 7
5.5.1 Procedure using an elliptical tank (5.3.2) . 7
5.5.2 Procedure using a rectangular cross-sectioned container with a spout
(5.3.2) . 7
5.6 Expression of results . . 7
5.6.1 Calculations . . 7
5.6.2 Precision . 8
6 Porosity . 8
6.1 Principle . 8
6.2 Expression of results . 8
7 Test report . 9
Bibliography .10
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Coal and coke, Subcommittee SC 3,
Coke.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1014:1985), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 1014:1985/Cor 1:1994.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the normative references (see Clause 2) have been updated;
— the mandatory Terms and definitions clause (Clause 3) has been added and subsequent clauses have
been renumbered;
— general and technical revision.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1014:2021(E)
Coke — Determination of true relative density, apparent
relative density and porosity
1 Scope
This document specifies methods for
a) determining the true relative density of coke, crushed to <212 µm, in relation to water;
NOTE “True relative density” varies according to the displacement liquid used.
b) determining the apparent relative density of coke, i.e. the ratio of the mass of a volume of dry coke
to the mass of an equal volume of water;
c) calculating the porosity of the coke.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3310-2, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal
plate
ISO 13909-6, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 6: Coke — Preparation of test samples
ISO 18283, Hard Coal and Coke — Manual sampling
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 True relative density
4.1 Principle
The mass of water displaced by a known mass of dry coke, ground to pass a sieve of nominal size
of openings 212 µm, is determined using a pyknometer. Air is displaced by boiling during the
determination. Air-free distilled water is specified. Thermostatic control of the temperature is essential
since a difference of 1 °C can cause an error of about 0,012 in the result.
4.2 Apparatus
4.2.1 Pyknometer, 50 ml capacity, Figure 1.
4.2.2 Water bath, with stirrer, thermostatically controlled to maintain a desired temperature 0 °C to
within ±1 °C.
4.2.3 Two wash bottles, each containing about 50 ml of air free distilled water. One wash bottle is
kept hot (80 °C to 90 °C) and the other is left in the water bath (4.2.2).
4.2.4 Reflux air condenser: a glass tube about 1 m long, of the same external diameter as the neck of
the pyknometer (4.2.1) with a short length of rubber tubing for attaching it to the latter.
4.2.5 Glycerol bath: a suitable vessel in which sufficient glycerol can be heated for the lower two-
thirds of the pyknometer (4.2.1) to be immersed.
4.2.6 Balance, accurate to 0,1 mg.
Key
1 marked line
Figure 1 — Example of pyknometer
4.3 Preparation of sample
The coke used for the determination is the analysis sample, ground to pass a sieve of nominal size of
openings 212 µm (see ISO 13909-6, ISO 18283 and ISO 3310-2). Before commencing the determination,
mix the sample thoroughly for at least 1 min, preferably by mechanical means.
4.4 Procedure
4.4.1 Clean the pyknometer (4.2.1), fill with air-free distilled water. Insert the stopper and immerse
the pyknometer up to the neck in the water bath (4.2.2) at Ɵ °C for 1 h. The value of Ɵ should be about
5 °C above the ambient temperature. At the end of 1 h, remove the blob of water from the top of the
stopper with a piece of filter paper, remove the pyknometer from the water bath, rapidly cool to
approximately ambient temperature under cold running water, dry, allow to stand beside the balance
(4.2.6) for 30 min and determine the mass of the pyknometer with an accuracy of ±0,1 mg. Empty the
pyknometer and dry the neck.
Clean the pycnometer (4.2.1) using suitable reagents like a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric
acid or commercially available surfactant mixtures. If necessary, the cleaning can be enhanced by using
an ultrasonic bath. After the cleaning step rinse thoroughly and fill with air-free distilled water.
4.4.2 Dry a portion of the coke sample for 1 h at 105 °C to 110 °C (see 4.4.3), cool to ambient
temperature, then weigh about 5 g of the dry coke to the nearest 0,1 mg and transfer it completely to
the pyknometer. Wash down any coke adhering to the neck or side of the pyknometer with air-free
distilled water, making up the volume to about 25 ml. Attach the air condenser (4.2.4) to the neck of
the pyknometer with the rubber tubing and immerse the pyknometer in the glycerol bath (4.2.5). Heat
the bath so that the water in the pyknometer begins to boil vigorously. Wash down any scum of coke
with a few millilitres of the hot, air-free distilled water at ambient temperature. After the water has
boiled for 30 min, remove the pyknometer from the glycerol bath, detach the air condenser and allow
the pyknometer to cool. Fill the pyknometer with air free distilled water at Ɵ °C, insert the stopper
and immerse the pyknometer up to the neck in the water b
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 1014
Third edition
2021-11
Coke — Determination of true relative
density, apparent relative density and
porosity
Coke — Détermination de la densité relative vraie, de la densité
relative apparente et de la porosité
Reference number
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 True relative density . 1
4.1 Principle . 1
4.2 Apparatus . 1
4.3 Preparation of sample . 2
4.4 Procedure . 3
4.5 Expression of results . . 3
4.5.1 Calculations . . 3
4.5.2 Precision . 4
5 Apparent relative density . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Principle . 4
5.3 Apparatus . 4
5.4 Sample . 6
5.5 Procedure . 7
5.5.1 Procedure using an elliptical tank (5.3.2) . 7
5.5.2 Procedure using a rectangular cross-sectioned container with a spout
(5.3.2) . 7
5.6 Expression of results . . 7
5.6.1 Calculations . . 7
5.6.2 Precision . 8
6 Porosity . 8
6.1 Principle . 8
6.2 Expression of results . 8
7 Test report . 9
Bibliography .10
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Coal and coke, Subcommittee SC 3,
Coke.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1014:1985), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 1014:1985/Cor 1:1994.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the normative references (see Clause 2) have been updated;
— the mandatory Terms and definitions clause (Clause 3) has been added and subsequent clauses have
been renumbered;
— general and technical revision.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1014:2021(E)
Coke — Determination of true relative density, apparent
relative density and porosity
1 Scope
This document specifies methods for
a) determining the true relative density of coke, crushed to <212 µm, in relation to water;
NOTE “True relative density” varies according to the displacement liquid used.
b) determining the apparent relative density of coke, i.e. the ratio of the mass of a volume of dry coke
to the mass of an equal volume of water;
c) calculating the porosity of the coke.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3310-2, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal
plate
ISO 13909-6, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 6: Coke — Preparation of test samples
ISO 18283, Hard Coal and Coke — Manual sampling
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 True relative density
4.1 Principle
The mass of water displaced by a known mass of dry coke, ground to pass a sieve of nominal size
of openings 212 µm, is determined using a pyknometer. Air is displaced by boiling during the
determination. Air-free distilled water is specified. Thermostatic control of the temperature is essential
since a difference of 1 °C can cause an error of about 0,012 in the result.
4.2 Apparatus
4.2.1 Pyknometer, 50 ml capacity, Figure 1.
4.2.2 Water bath, with stirrer, thermostatically controlled to maintain a desired temperature 0 °C to
within ±1 °C.
4.2.3 Two wash bottles, each containing about 50 ml of air free distilled water. One wash bottle is
kept hot (80 °C to 90 °C) and the other is left in the water bath (4.2.2).
4.2.4 Reflux air condenser: a glass tube about 1 m long, of the same external diameter as the neck of
the pyknometer (4.2.1) with a short length of rubber tubing for attaching it to the latter.
4.2.5 Glycerol bath: a suitable vessel in which sufficient glycerol can be heated for the lower two-
thirds of the pyknometer (4.2.1) to be immersed.
4.2.6 Balance, accurate to 0,1 mg.
Key
1 marked line
Figure 1 — Example of pyknometer
4.3 Preparation of sample
The coke used for the determination is the analysis sample, ground to pass a sieve of nominal size of
openings 212 µm (see ISO 13909-6, ISO 18283 and ISO 3310-2). Before commencing the determination,
mix the sample thoroughly for at least 1 min, preferably by mechanical means.
4.4 Procedure
4.4.1 Clean the pyknometer (4.2.1), fill with air-free distilled water. Insert the stopper and immerse
the pyknometer up to the neck in the water bath (4.2.2) at Ɵ °C for 1 h. The value of Ɵ should be about
5 °C above the ambient temperature. At the end of 1 h, remove the blob of water from the top of the
stopper with a piece of filter paper, remove the pyknometer from the water bath, rapidly cool to
approximately ambient temperature under cold running water, dry, allow to stand beside the balance
(4.2.6) for 30 min and determine the mass of the pyknometer with an accuracy of ±0,1 mg. Empty the
pyknometer and dry the neck.
Clean the pycnometer (4.2.1) using suitable reagents like a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric
acid or commercially available surfactant mixtures. If necessary, the cleaning can be enhanced by using
an ultrasonic bath. After the cleaning step rinse thoroughly and fill with air-free distilled water.
4.4.2 Dry a portion of the coke sample for 1 h at 105 °C to 110 °C (see 4.4.3), cool to ambient
temperature, then weigh about 5 g of the dry coke to the nearest 0,1 mg and transfer it completely to
the pyknometer. Wash down any coke adhering to the neck or side of the pyknometer with air-free
distilled water, making up the volume to about 25 ml. Attach the air condenser (4.2.4) to the neck of
the pyknometer with the rubber tubing and immerse the pyknometer in the glycerol bath (4.2.5). Heat
the bath so that the water in the pyknometer begins to boil vigorously. Wash down any scum of coke
with a few millilitres of the hot, air-free distilled water at ambient temperature. After the water has
boiled for 30 min, remove the pyknometer from the glycerol bath, detach the air condenser and allow
the pyknometer to cool. Fill the pyknometer with air free distilled water at Ɵ °C, insert the stopper
and immerse the pyknometer up to the neck in the water b
...
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