ISO 18264:2022
(Main)Textile slings — Lifting slings for general purpose lifting operations made from fibre ropes — High modulus polyethylene (HMPE)
Textile slings — Lifting slings for general purpose lifting operations made from fibre ropes — High modulus polyethylene (HMPE)
This document specifies the requirements related to safety, including methods of rating and testing sling constructions made from fibre ropes. It is applicable to ropes made of high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) fibre having a minimum reference number of 12 and a maximum reference number of 72. The fibre rope slings covered by this document are intended for general-purpose lifting operations only, i.e. when used for lifting objects, materials or goods which require no deviations from the requirements, design factors, or work load limits specified. This document does not cover slings used for the lifting of persons, potentially dangerous materials such as molten metal and acids, glass sheets, fissile materials, nuclear reactors and special (non-routine and engineered) lifting operations. This document can be used as a reference for lifting slings made with HMPE fibres to be used in special lifting operations.
Élingues textiles — Élingues de levage pour opérations de levage pour usage général en cordages en fibres — Polyéthylène à haut module (HMPE)
ISO 18264:2016 spécifie les exigences relatives à la sécurité, y compris les méthodes de classification et d'essai des fabrications d'élingues à deux boucles et sans fin utilisées pour des configurations de levage à un seul (1) brin, deux (2) brins, trois (3) brins ou quatre (4) brins (avec ou sans accessoires). Ces fabrications d'élingues sont réalisées en cordages tressés à 8 torons (type L), en cordages tressés à 12 torons (type T), fabrication de cordage avec couverture (type C) conformément à l'ISO 10325. Sinon, d'autres fabrication de cordages toronnés ou tressés autres que ceux de l'ISO 10325, mais soumis à l'essai conformément à l'ISO 2307, peuvent être utilisés. La présente Norme internationale est applicable à tous les cordages fabriqués en fibre de polyéthylène à haut module [HMPE, aussi appelé polyéthylène de masse molaire très élevée (UHMWPE)] ayant un numéro de référence minimum de 12 et un numéro de référence maximum de 72, même s'il n'existe pas de lien direct entre les numéros de référence des cordages et le type d'opérations de levage, ni les opérations de levage d'usage général ou spéciales. Les parties des fabrications porteuses tressées de telles élingues, ou l'ensemble de l'élingue, peuvent être contenues dans une couverture/gaine/enveloppe de protection. La couverture/gaine/enveloppe de protection est conçue pour ne pas être porteuse car elle est destinée uniquement à protéger et contenir l'âme portante. Les élingues en cordages en fibres couvertes par la présente Norme internationale sont destinées uniquement à des opérations de levage d'usage général, c'est-à-dire quand elles sont utilisées pour le levage d'objets, de matériaux ou de marchandises qui ne nécessitent aucun écart par rapport aux exigences, aux facteurs de sécurité, aussi appelés facteurs de conception, ou limites spécifiées de charge de travail. Les opérations de levage non couvertes par la présente Norme internationale devraient inclure le levage de personnes, de matériaux potentiellement dangereux tels que le métal fondu et les acides, les feuilles de verre, les matières fissiles, les réacteurs nucléaires et les opérations de levage spéciales. ISO 18264:2016 traite des exigences techniques visant à réduire au minimum les phénomènes dangereux listés à l'Article 4 qui peuvent survenir pendant l'utilisation des élingues en cordages en fibres conformément aux instructions et aux spécifications données par le fabricant, son mandataire ou une personne qualifiée et/ou compétente.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18264
Second edition
2022-12
Textile slings — Lifting slings for
general purpose lifting operations
made from fibre ropes — High
modulus polyethylene (HMPE)
Élingues textiles — Élingues de levage pour opérations de levage pour
usage général en cordages en fibres — Polyéthylène à haut module
(HMPE)
Reference number
ISO 18264:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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ISO 18264:2022(E)
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© ISO 2022
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ISO 18264:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Hazards . 8
5 Sling materials and components . .9
5.1 Fibre ropes . 9
5.2 Coatings . 10
5.3 Cover (sleeves, jackets) . 10
5.4 Mechanical components . 10
5.5 Other materials and components . 10
6 Sling constructions, fabrication and lifting configurations .11
6.1 Sling constructions . 11
6.2 Fabrication . 11
6.2.1 Splicing . 11
6.2.2 Considerations for connecting hardware and fittings .12
6.2.3 Other requirements for mechanical components .13
6.3 Lifting configurations .13
6.4 Design factor . 15
6.5 Working load limit (WLL) . 16
6.5.1 Calculation of the working load limit (WLL) of a lifting configuration . 16
6.5.2 Calculation of the working load limit (WLL) of a lifting configuration as a
consequence of bending losses . 17
6.6 Effective work length . 19
6.7 Traceability code . . 20
7 Sling verification .20
7.1 General . 20
7.2 Qualification of personnel .20
7.3 Type test of sling constructions . 20
7.3.1 General .20
7.3.2 Methodology for testing of MBS. 21
7.3.3 Type test to verify the interaction of a sling construction with fittings . 21
7.4 Manufacturing tests . 21
7.4.1 Visual examination . 21
7.4.2 Determination of the effective work length of sling legs . 21
7.4.3 Proof testing requirements . 22
7.4.4 Breaking force tests .22
7.5 Visual examination .23
8 Sling marking .23
8.1 General .23
8.2 Labelling . 23
8.2.1 Information .23
8.2.2 Label colour . 24
9 Manufacturer’s certificate .24
10 Instructions for selection, use, inspection and maintenance .24
Annex A (normative) Instructions for selection, use, inspection and maintenance to be
provided by the sling manufacturer or its authorized representative with the
HMPE fibre rope slings .25
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ISO 18264:2022(E)
Annex B (informative) Suggested content of information to be provided by the manufacturer
or its authorized representative with the HMPE fibre rope sling assembly .26
Bibliography .31
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ISO 18264:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18264:2016), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the Scope has been made more concise;
— the Normative references have been updated; some references have been moved to the Bibliography;
— the Terms and definitions have been updated;
— the formulae in Table 4 have been corrected;
— figures and designations have been changed in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives Part 2:2021;
— subclauses 7.3.2 and 7.3.3 have been rewritten and simplified. References are given to ISO 2377and
ISO 9554 instead of repeating the texts in those standards.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 18264:2022(E)
Introduction
This document has been prepared to be a standard providing one means of complying with the essential
safety requirements.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18264:2022(E)
Textile slings — Lifting slings for general purpose lifting
operations made from fibre ropes — High modulus
polyethylene (HMPE)
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements related to safety, including methods of rating and testing
sling constructions made from fibre ropes. It is applicable to ropes made of high modulus polyethylene
(HMPE) fibre having a minimum reference number of 12 and a maximum reference number of 72.
The fibre rope slings covered by this document are intended for general-purpose lifting operations only,
i.e. when used for lifting objects, materials or goods which require no deviations from the requirements,
design factors, or work load limits specified.
This document does not cover slings used for the lifting of persons, potentially dangerous materials
such as molten metal and acids, glass sheets, fissile materials, nuclear reactors and special (non-routine
and engineered) lifting operations. This document can be used as a reference for lifting slings made
with HMPE fibres to be used in special lifting operations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1968, Fibre ropes and cordage — Vocabulary
ISO 2262, General purpose thimbles for use with steel wire ropes — Specification
ISO 2307, Fibre ropes — Determination of certain physical and mechanical properties
ISO 2415, Forged shackles for general lifting purposes — Dee shackles and bow shackles
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
ISO 7597, Forged steel lifting hooks with latch, grade 8
ISO 8539, Forged steel lifting components for use with Grade 8 chain
ISO 9554:2019, Fibre ropes — General specifications
ISO 10325, Fibre ropes — High modulus polyethylene — 8-strand braided ropes, 12-strand braided ropes
and covered ropes
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 16798, Links of Grade 8 for use with slings
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1968 and the following apply.
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ISO 18264:2022(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
abrasion
mechanical wearing of a surface resulting from frictional contact with other materials and objects
3.2
angle of choke
α
CH
angle formed in a sling body as it passes through the choking eye or fittings
Note 1 to entry: See 3.9, Figure 1 and Figure 4.
Figure 1 — Example of angle of choke
3.3
angle of loading
α
horizontal angle
Note 1 to entry: β vertical angle. See Figure 2.
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ISO 18264:2022(E)
Key
β vertical angle
α horizontal angle
Figure 2 — Example of angle of loading
3.4
competent person
designated person, suitably trained and qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and with
the necessary instructions to enable the required tests and operations as well as examinations to be
carried out
3.5
design factor
factor by which the nominal breaking strength of sling construction (3.25) is divided to determine its
working load limit in straight pull
Note 1 to entry: Also referred to as safety factor (SF).
Note 2 to entry: This term has the same meaning as the term “working coefficient” used in the EU Machinery
Directive.
Note 3 to entry: Fittings may have different design factors from that of the fibre ropes to which they are
connected.
3.6
effective work length
EWL
actual finished length of the fibre rope sling construction, inclusive fittings, from bearing point
to bearing point while being loaded to a reference load to be determined and documented by the
manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: See nominal length (3.19) as well as Figure 6 and Figure 7.
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ISO 18264:2022(E)
3.7
general-purpose lifting operation
[8]
operation identified and described as the one which is a repetitive lift covered by a previously
prepared JRA and LP, carried out by lifting team trained in the use of specific lifting operation/device
and competent to complete the entire operation
Note 1 to entry: Also referred to as routine lifts or lifting operation, and is the opposite of special (non-routine or
engineered) lifting operation.
3.8
basket hitch
method of rigging a sling in which the sling is passed around the load and both loop eyes and end fittings
are attached to the lifting device
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
Figure 3 — Example of basket hitch
3.9
choker hitch
method of rigging a sling in which the sling is passed around the load, then through one loop eye, end
fitting, or other piece of hardware, with the other loop eye or end fitting attached to the lifting device
Note 1 to entry: This hitch (3.10) can be done with a sliding choker hook or similar device (see Figure 4).
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ISO 18264:2022(E)
Figure 4 — Example of choker hitch
3.10
hitch
method of rigging (attaching) one or several slings temporarily to a load, or object, for the purpose of
lifting
3.11
vertical hitch
method of rigging a sling in which the load is attached to the loop eye or end fitting at one end of the
sling and the loop eye or end fitting at the other end is attached to the lifting device
Note 1 to entry: Any hitch (3.10) less than 5° from the vertical (β in Figure 2) may be considered a vertical hitch
(see Figure 5).
Figure 5 — Example of vertical hitch
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ISO 18264:2022(E)
3.12
intermediate master link
link used to connect one or two legs of a sling to a master link (3.16)
Note 1 to entry: Intermediate links can be assembled with a master link to form a permanent master link.
3.13
job risk assessment
JRA
process where
— health and safety hazards are identified,
— risks associated with the hazards are analysed and evaluated, and
— appropriate ways to eliminate or control these hazards are determined
Note 1 to entry: In practical terms, a risk assessment is a thorough look at your workplace to identify those
things, situations, processes, etc. that can cause harm, particularly to people. After identification is made, the
user of the slings evaluates how likely and severe the risk is, and then decides what measures should be in place
to effectively prevent or control the harm from happening. The result of this process is documented by the user
of the slings in the form of a job risk assessment (JRA).
3.14
lifting configuration
arrangement characterized by the number of sling legs in the lifting assembly, the angle of loading (3.3)
under which they spread and in which the sling assembly is connecting the suspended load and the
lifting mechanism
Note 1 to entry: The lifting configuration is characterized by the number of sling legs in the lifting assembly, the
angle of loading under which they spread and in which the sling assembly is connected to the suspended load.
As part of the arrangement additional hardware, such as e.g. (intermediate) master links, shackles and spreader
bars may be used”.
3.15
lift plan
LP
documented plan of the proposed lifting operation
Note 1 to entry: Lift plan covers aspects such as the following:
— characterization of the load in terms of dimensions, weight and centre of gravity;
— characterization of the task in terms of lifting, rotation, speeds and travel directions;
— evaluation of the hazards to determine consequences resulting from collision, upset or dropping of the
suspended load;
— determination of how to rig the load using good rigging practices and ensuring the use of proper rigging
techniques during the lift;
— ensuring that the attachment points and suspended load can withstand the forces created by the rigging gear
attachment;
— selecting equipment and rigging based on the type, category of lift and minimum capacity of lifting equipment
(hoist, crane, slings, lifting fixture, etc.) and on the identified load, task and hazards;
— ensuring that sling angles are considered when determining forces on rigging equipment and the suspended
load.
3.16
master link
link forming the upper terminal of a sling or intermediate master link (3.12) by means of which the sling
is attached to the hook of a crane or other lifting device
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ISO 18264:2022(E)
3.17
multi-leg sling
sling assembly (3.23) composed of multiple (two, three or four) legs with the top ends gathered in a
master link that goes over the lifting hook
Note 1 to entry: Also called bridle sling.
Note 2 to entry: Examples are given in Figures 9 to 11.
Note 3 to entry: Sling legs in one assembly may not necessarily have an equal EWL and/or R . In the case where
F
EWL and/or R are not identical, such deviations need to be covered by the LP.
F
3.18
nominal diameter
d
specified diameter of the rope which is usually used as the reference number for a given product
3.19
nominal length
L
0
specified length of the sling leg, inclusive of fittings, from bearing point to bearing point
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 6 and 7.
3.20
proof force
F
p
force applied as a test to a finished sling construction (3.25), as specified in proof test (3.21)
Note 1 to entry: Also referred to as “proof load”
3.21
proof test
non-destructive force (or load) test made to a predefined proof force (3.20) (or load) of a sling
construction (3.25)
3.22
rated force
R
F
maximum allowable force of a sling construction (3.25)
Note 1 to entry: Also referred to as rated load and expressed in kN.
3.23
sling assembly
one or more sling leg(s)/sling constructions (3.25) combined with rigging hardware (such as links,
shackles, thimbles) to be used as part of a rigging arrangement for the purpose of lifting a load
3.24
sling body
fibre rope used as load bearing part to create a sling assembly (3.23)
3.25
sling construction
eye-and-eye (see Figure 6) or endless construction (see Figure 7) of a fibre rope used to create a sling
assembly (3.23)
Note 1 to entry: Also referred to as sling leg.
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ISO 18264:2022(E)
3.26
sling manufacturer
person or company assembling or fabricating sling components into their final form
Note 1 to entry: The rope and sling manufacturer are not necessarily identical entities.
3.27
soft eye
eye made by forming the end of the fibre rope into a loop and by splicing the free end to the standing
part
3.28
special lifting operations
[12]
lifting operations where
— job risk assessment (JRA) (3.13) is required to identify and mitigate the risks and a completed lift
plan (LP) (3.15) is required, and
— new specific lift plan (LP) is required based on a risk assessment
Note 1 to entry: Also referred to as non-routine lifts or engineered lifting operations.
3.29
splice
3.29.1
spliced eye
loop, or eye, formed in the end of a rope
3.29.2
cut splice
connection of two ends to create an endless connection by tucking the ends of the strands back into the
main body of the fibre rope in a prescribed manner
3.30
working load limit of the lifting configuration
WLL
maximum allowable total suspended mass a lifting configuration (3.14) is authorized to sustain in
general-purpose lifting operations (3.7)
4 Hazards
The accidental release of a suspended load or release of a suspended load due to failure of a component
puts at risk, either directly or indirectly, the safety or health of those persons within the danger zone. In
order to provide the necessary strength, durability and reliability of lifting accessories, this document
specifies requirements for the design, manufacture, testing, use and maintenance of the slings to ensure
the specified levels of performance are met.
Endurance/durability has not been identified as a risk when properly designed manufactured and tested
fibre rope slings, comprising high tenacity HMPE fibre, having the specified levels of performance, given
in this document, are properly used and inspected for general-purpose lifting operations.
Since failure can be caused by overloading or incorrect selection of the working load limit (WLL)
and specification of lifting accessory, this document also gives the requirements for marking and the
manufacturer’s certificate.
Aspects of selection and safe and reliable use associated with good practice are given in Annex A and
Annex B.
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ISO 18264:2022(E)
Table 1 lists those hazards, in accordance with ISO 12100, identified as being specific and significant for
fibre rope slings made of HMPE.
Under constant or repeated loading, HMPE fibres and ropes may show irreversible deformation also
referred to as creep, dependent upon load, time under load, temperature, as well as the type of HMPE
[12]
fibre . Different HMPE fibres exhibit different creep behaviour under identical conditions.
Depending on the conditions in which the slings are intended to be used, the sling user shall consult the
sling manufacturer in order to select slings fit for the intended purpose and service.
Fit for the intended purpose implies assuring the right slings are made and put together properly prior
to delivery. This is a supplier responsibility. In the case where the slings are used for the right thing,
used the right way and kept in the right condition, the slings are fit for the intended service. This is a
sling user responsibility.
Table 1 — Type or group of hazards and associated hazard mitigation requirements
Type or group of Examples of hazards
Hazard mitigation re-
hazards and rele-
quirements in relevant
vant subclause(s)
b) Potential consequenc-
(sub)clause(s) of this
a) Origin
of ISO 12100:2010,
es
document
Table B.1
Mechanical hazards: Human error/ behaviour, Being run over, crush- Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
education and training, ing, cutting, internal and
6.1, 6.2.1, 6.2.2.1, 6.2.2.2, Annexes A and B.
documentation, planning, external wear, puncture,
6.2.3 a) and b), 6.2.6, 6.3.1,
cutting parts, falling tilting, overloading, fall-
6.3.2, 6.3.3, 6.3.4.3, 6.3.5.5,
objects, instability, rough ing, etc.
6.4.1, 6.4.2, 6.4.3, 6.4.4,
surfaces, sharp edges,
and 6.4.5
shock loading, incorrect
or missing sling marking,
handling, etc.
Thermal hazards: Human error/ behaviour, Melting, burns, falling, etc. Annex B
education and training,
6.1, 6.2.2.2, 6.2.3, 6.2.6,
documentation, planning,
6.3.2.1, 6.3.4.5, 6.4.5.1 a),
radiation of heat sources,
b), d) and e)
vibration, etc.
Hazards associated Human error/ behaviour, Cutting, internal and Clauses 4, 5, 9, 10, Annex B
with the environment education and training, external wear, puncture,
in which the machine is documentation, planning, falling, etc.
used: dust, pollution, chemical
components, temperature,
6.1, 6.2.6, 6.3.2.1, 6.4.5.1 a)
handling, etc.
and b)
Combination of hazards: Combination of origins Combination of conse- Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
mentioned above quences mentioned above
All the above Annexes A and B
NOTE 1 A single origin of a hazard can have several potential consequences.
NOTE 2 For each type of hazard or group of hazards, some
...
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