ISO 7240-12:2006

Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 12: Line type smoke detectors using a transmitted optical beam

ISO 7240-12 specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for line type smoke detectors for use in fire detection systems installed in buildings. The detectors consist of at least a transmitter and a receiver and can include reflector(s), for the detection of smoke by the attenuation and/or changes in attenuation of an optical beam. This part of ISO 7240 does not cover line-type smoke detectors designed to operate with separations between opposed components of less than 1 m; line-type smoke detectors whose optical path length is defined or adjusted by an integral mechanical connection; line-type smoke detectors with special characteristics, which cannot be assessed by the test methods in this part of ISO 7240.

Systèmes de détection d'incendie et d'alarme — Partie 12: Détecteurs linéaires de fumée utilisant une transmission par faisceaux lumineux

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 14-Feb-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 14-Feb-2006
• ICS: 13.220.20 - Fire protection
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 21/SC 3 - Fire detection and alarm systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 21/SC 3 - Fire detection and alarm systems
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2014

Relations

• Revised: ISO 7240-12:2014 - Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 12: Line type smoke detectors using a transmitted optical beam
• Effective Date: 22-Sep-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7240-12
First edition
2006-02-15

Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 12:
Line type smoke detectors using a
transmitted optical beam
Systèmes de détection d'incendie et d'alarme —
Partie 12: Détecteurs linéaires de fumée utilisant une transmission par
faisceaux lumineux




Reference number
ISO 7240-12:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006

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ISO 7240-12:2006(E)
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ISO 7240-12:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 General requirements. 3
4.1 Compliance. 3
4.2 Individual alarm indication . 3
4.3 Connection of ancillary devices. 3
4.4 Monitoring of detachable detectors and connections. 3
4.5 Manufacturer’s adjustments. 3
4.6 On-site adjustment of response threshold value . 4
4.7 Protection of optical components. 4
4.8 Limit of compensation. 4
4.9 Marking . 4
4.10 Data . 5
4.11 Requirements for software-controlled detectors . 5
4.12 Fault signalling. 6
5 Test methods. 6
5.1 General. 6
5.2 Reproducibility. 8
5.3 Repeatability. 9
5.4 Directional dependence . 10
5.5 Variation of supply parameters . 11
5.6 Rapid changes in attenuation. 11
5.7 Slow changes in attenuation . 12
5.8 Optical path length dependence . 12
5.9 Fire sensitivity. 13
5.10 Stray light . 15
5.11 Dry heat (operational). 16
5.12 Cold (operational) . 17
5.13 Damp heat, steady state (operational). 18
5.14 Damp heat, steady state (endurance). 19
5.15 Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance). 20
5.16 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), immunity tests (operational). 21
5.17 Sulfur dioxide, SO , corrosion (endurance). 21
2
5.18 Impact (operational). 22
6 Test report . 23
Annex A (informative) Compensation for detector drift. 24
Annex B (normative) Bench for response threshold value measurements. 29
Annex C (normative) Fire test room . 31
Annex D (normative) Smouldering pyrolysis wood fire (TF2) . 33
Annex E (normative) Glowing smouldering cotton fire (TF3). 35
Annex F (normative) Flaming plastics (polyurethane) fire (TF4). 37
Annex G (normative) Flaming liquid (n-heptane) fire (TF5) . 39
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ISO 7240-12:2006(E)
Annex H (normative) Smoke-measuring instruments . 40
Annex I (normative) Apparatus for stray light . 43
Annex J (informative) Information concerning the construction of the measuring
ionization chamber . 45

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ISO 7240-12:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 7240-12 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 21, Equipment for fire protection and fire fighting,
Subcommittee SC 3, Fire detection and alarm systems.
ISO 7240 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire detection and alarm systems:
⎯ Part 1: General and definitions
⎯ Part 2: Control and indicating equipment
⎯ Part 4: Power supply equipment
⎯ Part 5: Point-type heat detectors
⎯ Part 6: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using electro-chemical cells
⎯ Part 7: Point-type smoke detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
⎯ Part 9: Test fires for fire detectors [TS]
⎯ Part 11: Manual call points
⎯ Part 12: Line type smoke detectors using a transmitted optical beam
⎯ Part 13: Compatibility assessment of system components
⎯ Part 14: Guidelines for drafting codes of practice for design, installation and use of fire detection and fire
alarm systems in and around buildings [Technical Report]
⎯ Part 15: Point type fire detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization sensors in
combination with a heat sensor
⎯ Part 21: Routing equipment
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ISO 7240-12:2006(E)
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 8: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using an electro-chemical cell in combination with a heat sensor
⎯ Part 10: Point-type flame detectors
⎯ Part 16: Sound system control and indication equipment
⎯ Part 19: Design, installation, commissioning and service of sound systems for emergency purposes
⎯ Part 22: Smoke detection equipment for ducts
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ISO 7240-12:2006(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 7240, drawn up by ISO/TC 21/SC 3, is based on a draft prepared by the European
Committee for Standardization's CEN/TC 72, Fire detection and fire alarm systems.
A fire detection and alarm system is required to function satisfactorily not only in the event of fire, but also
during and after exposure to conditions likely to be met in practice, including corrosion, vibration, direct impact,
indirect shock and electromagnetic interference. Specific tests are intended to assess the performance of the
smoke detectors under such conditions.
This part of ISO 7240 is not intended to place any other restrictions on the design and construction of such
detectors.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7240-12:2006(E)

Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 12:
Line type smoke detectors using a transmitted optical beam
1 Scope
This part of ISO 7240 specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for line-type smoke
detectors for use in fire detection systems installed in buildings. The detectors consist of at least a transmitter
and a receiver and can include reflector(s), for the detection of smoke by the attenuation and/or changes in
attenuation of an optical beam.
This part of ISO 7240 does not cover
⎯ line-type smoke detectors designed to operate with separations between opposed components of less
than 1 m;
⎯ line-type smoke detectors whose optical path length is defined or adjusted by an integral mechanical
connection;
⎯ line-type smoke detectors with special characteristics, which cannot be assessed by the test methods in
this part of ISO 7240.
NOTE The term “optical” is used to describe that part of the electromagnetic spectrum produced by the transmitter to
which the receiver is responsive; this is not restricted to visible wavelengths.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 209-1, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition and forms of products —
Part 1: Chemical composition
ISO 7240-1, Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 1: General and definitions
IEC 60064, Tungsten filament lamps for domestic and similar general lighting purposes — Performance
requirements
IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing — Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing — Part 2: Tests. Tests A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing — Part 2: Tests. Tests B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing — Part 2: Tests. Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
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ISO 7240-12:2006(E)
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing — Part 2: Tests. Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-42, Environmental testing — Part 2-42: Tests. Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test for contacts and
connections
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests. Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
IEC 60081, Double-capped fluorescent lamps — Performance specifications
EN 50130-4:1995, Alarm systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard:
Immunity requirements for components of fire, intruder and social alarm systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7240-1 and the following apply.
3.1
attenuation
C
reduction in intensity of the optical beam at the receiver, defined by the equation
I
⎛⎞
o
C= 10log
10⎜⎟
I
⎝⎠
where
I is the received intensity without reduction in intensity;
o
I is the received intensity after reduction in intensity.
NOTE The attenuation is expressed in units of decibels (dB).
3.2
opposed component
component [transmitter and receiver or transmitter-receiver and reflector(s)] of the beam detector whose
position determines the optical path
3.3
optical path length
total distance traversed by the optical beam between the transmitter and the receiver
3.4
receiver
component that receives the optical beam
3.5
response threshold value
value of attenuation multiplied by the number of times the optical beam passes through the attenuation, at the
moment an alarm signal is generated by a specimen, when tested in accordance with 5.1.5
3.6
sensitivity adjustment
any adjustment during or after commissioning which leads to a change in the response to fire
3.7
separation
physical distance between the opposed components
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ISO 7240-12:2006(E)
3.8
transmitter
component from which the optical beam emanates
4 General requirements
4.1 Compliance
In order to comply with this part of ISO 7240, the detector shall meet the requirements of Clause 4, which shall
be verified by visual inspection or engineering assessment, shall be tested in accordance with Clause 5 and
shall meet the requirements of the tests.
4.2 Individual alarm indication
Each detector shall be provided with an integral red visual indicator by which the individual detector releasing
an alarm can be identified, until the alarm condition is reset. Where other conditions of the detector can be
visually indicated, these shall be clearly distinguishable from the alarm indication, except when the detector is
switched into a service mode. For detachable detectors, the indicator may be integral with the base or the
detector head.
The visual indicator shall be visible from a distance of 6 m in an ambient light intensity up to 500 lx at an angle
up to
a) 5° from the vertical axis of the detector when viewed from beneath the detector in any direction and
b) 45° from the vertical axis of the detector when viewed from beneath the detector in at least one direction.
4.3 Connection of ancillary devices
The detector may provide for connections to ancillary devices (remote indicators, control relays, etc.), but
open- or short-circuit failures of these connections shall not prevent the correct operation of the detector.
4.4 Monitoring of detachable detectors and connections
For detachable detectors, a means shall be provided for a remote monitoring system (e.g. the control and
indicating equipment) to detect the removal of the head from the base, in order to give a fault signal.
If there are cables connecting separate parts of the detector, then a means shall be provided for a remote
monitoring system (e.g. the control and indicating equipment) to detect a short or open circuit on those cables,
in order to give a fault signal.
If more than one detector can be connected to the transmission path of a remote monitoring system (e.g.
control and indicating equipment), the removal of a head from the base shall not prevent an alarm signal from
another detector connected to the same transmission path.
4.5 Manufacturer’s adjustments
It shall not be possible to change the manufacturer's settings except by special means (e.g. the use of a
special code or tool) or by breaking or removing a seal.
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ISO 7240-12:2006(E)
4.6 On-site adjustment of response threshold value
If there is provision for on-site adjustment of the response threshold value of the detector then
a) for all of the settings at which the manufacturer claims compliance, the detector shall comply with the
requirements of this part of ISO 7240 and access to the adjustment means shall be possible only by the
use of a code or special tool or by removing the detector from its base or mounting;
b) any setting or settings at which the manufacturer does not claim compliance with this part of ISO 7240
shall be accessible only by the use of a code or special tool, and it shall be clearly marked on the detector
or in the associated data that if these setting or settings are used, the detector does not comply with this
part of ISO 7240.
These adjustments may be carried out at the detector or at the control and indicating equipment.
4.7 Protection of optical components
The detector shall be so designed that a sphere of diameter greater than (1,3 ± 0,05) mm cannot pass into
any enclosure containing optical components when the detector is in the operational condition.
NOTE This requirement is intended to restrict the access of insects into the sensitive parts of the detector. It is known
that this requirement is not sufficient to prevent the access of all insects, therefore, it may be necessary to take other
precautions against unwanted alarms due to the entry of small insects.
4.8 Limit of compensation
Compensation may be used to mitigate changes in sensitivity due to the build-up of dust and other
contaminants on the optical surfaces (see Annex A).
The detector shall emit either a fault or alarm signal at the limit of compensation for the effect of a slowly
changing signal response.
Since it is practically impossible to perform tests with very slight increases in attenuation, an evaluation of the
detectors conformity shall be made by analysing the circuits/software and/or by physical tests and simulations.
4.9 Marking
Each detector shall be clearly marked with the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 7240 (i.e. ISO 7240-12);
b) the name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier;
c) the model designation (type or number);
d) the wiring terminal designations;
e) some mark(s) or code(s) (e.g. serial number or batch code) by which the manufacturer can identify, at
least, the date or batch and place of manufacture, and the version number(s) of any software contained
within the detector.
For detachable detectors, the detector head shall be marked with a), b), c) and e), and the base shall be
marked with, at least, c) and d).
The information corresponding to c) shall be clearly marked on each reflector.
Where any marking on the device uses symbols or abbreviations not in common use, these should be
explained in the data supplied with the device.
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ISO 7240-12:2006(E)
The markings shall be visible during installation of the detector and shall be accessible during maintenance.
The markings shall not be placed on screws or other easily removable parts.
4.10 Data
Either detectors shall be supplied with sufficient technical, installation and maintenance data to enable their
correct installation and operation or, if all of these data are not supplied with each detector, reference to the
appropriate data sheet shall be given on, or with, each detector.
To enable correct operation of the detectors, these data should describe the requirements for the correct
processing of the signals from the detector and include at least the following.
a) The maximum angular misalignment; if this is different for the transmitter, receiver or reflector or different
for the vertical or horizontal misalignment, this shall be stated.
b) The response threshold value of the detector in dB; if the response threshold value can be adjusted, the
minimum and maximum response threshold values and any setting of response behaviour that does not
comply with this part of ISO 7240 shall be stated.
c) The minimum and maximum separation distance.
Installation and maintenance data shall include reference to an in situ test method to ensure that detectors
operate correctly when installed.
NOTE Additional information can be required by organizations certifying that detectors produced by a manufacturer
conform to the requirements of this part of ISO 7240.
4.11 Requirements for software-controlled detectors
4.11.1 General
The requirements of 4.11.2, 4.11.3 and 4.11.4 shall be met for detectors that rely on software control in order
to fulfil the requirements of this part of ISO 7240.
4.11.2 Software documentation
4.11.2.1 The manufacturer shall submit documentation that gives an overview of the software design. This
documentation shall be in sufficient detail for the design to be inspected for compliance with this part of
ISO 7240 and shall include at least the following:
a) functional description of the main program flow (e.g. as a flow diagram or structogram), including
1) a brief description of the modules and the functions that they perform,
2) the way in which the modules interact,
3) the overall hierarchy of the program,
4) the way in which the software interacts with the hardware of the detector,
5) the way in which the modules are called, including any interrupt processing;
b) description of those areas of memory used for the various purposes (e.g. the program, site-specific data
and running data);
c) designation by which the software and its version can be uniquely identified.
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ISO 7240-12:2006(E)
4.11.2.2 The manufacturer shall have available detailed design documentation, but which is provided to
the testing authority only when required by that authority. It shall be comprised of at least the following:
a) an overview of the whole system configuration, including all software and hardware components;
1) a description of each module of the program, containing at least
2) the name of the module,
3) a description of the tasks performed,
4) a description of the interfaces, including the type of data transfer, the valid data range and the
checking for valid data;
b) full source code listings, as hard copy or in machine-readable form (e.g. ASCII-code), including all global
and local variables, constants and labels used, and sufficient comment for the program flow to be
recognized;
c) details of any software tools used in the design and implementation phase (CASE-Tools, compilers, etc.).
4.11.3 Software design
In order to ensure the reliability of the detector, the following requirements for software design apply.
a) The software shall have a modular structure.
b) The design of the interfaces for manually and automatically generated data shall not permit invalid data to
cause error in the program operation.
c) The software shall be designed to avoid the occurrence of deadlock of the program flow.
4.11.4 Storage of programs and data
The program necessary to comply with this part of ISO 7240 and any preset data, such as manufacturer's
settings, shall be held in non-volatile memory. Writing to areas of memory containing this program and data
shall be possible only by the use of some special tool or code and shall not be possible during normal
operation of the detector.
Site-specific data shall be held in memory which will retain data for at least two weeks without external power
to the detector, unless provision is made for the automatic renewal of such data, following loss of power,
within 1 h of power being restored.
4.12 Fault signalling
A fire alarm signal shall not be cancelled by a fault resulting from a rapid change in obscuration (in
accordance with 5.6) or by a result of the limit of compensation being reached (in accordance with 4.8).
5 Test methods
5.1 General
5.1.1 Atmospheric conditions for tests
Unless otherwise stated in a test procedure, carry out the testing after the test specimen has been allowed to
stabilize in the standard atmospheric conditions for testing as specified in IEC 60068-1 as follows:
⎯ temperature: (15 to 35) °C;
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ISO 7240-12:2006(E)
⎯ relative humidity: (25 to 75) %;
⎯ air pressure: (86 to 106) kPa.
The temperature and humidity shall be substantially constant for each environmental test where the standard
atmospheric conditions are applied.
5.1.2 Operating conditions for tests
If a test method requires a specimen to be operational, then connect the specimen to suitable supply and
monitoring equipment having the characteristics required by the manufacturer's data. Unless otherwise
specified in the test method, the supply parameters applied to the specimen shall be set within the
manufacturer's specified range(s) and shall remain substantially constant throughout the tests. The value
chosen for each parameter shall normally be the nominal value, or the mean of the specified range. If a test
procedure requires a specimen to be monitored to detect any alarm or fault signals, then connections shall be
made to any necessary ancillary devices (e.g. through wiring to an end-of-line device for conventional
detectors) to allow a fault signal to be recognized.
The details of the supply and monitoring equipment and the alarm criteria used shall be given in the test report
(Clause 6).
5.1.3 Mounting arrangements
Mount the specimen by its normal means of attachment in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. If
these instructions describe more than one method of mounting, then the method considered to be most
unfavourable for each test shall be chosen.
5.1.4 Tolerances
Unless otherwise stated, the tolerances for the environmental test parameters shall be as given in the basic
reference standards for the test (e.g. the relevant part of IEC 60068).
If a specific tolerance or deviation limit is not specified in a requirement or test procedure, then a tolera
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