ISO/IEC 26925:2009

Information technology - Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using +RW HS format - Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per side (recording speed 8X)

ISO/IEC 26925:2009 specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of 120 mm rewritable optical disks with capacities of 4,7 Gbytes and 9,4 Gbytes. It specifies the quality of the recorded and unrecorded signals, the format of the data and the recording method, thereby allowing for information interchange by means of such disks. The data can be written, read and overwritten many times using the phase change method. These disks are identified as +RW HS (High Speed). ISO/IEC 26925:2009 also specifies 80 mm disks with capacities of 1,46 Gbytes and 2,92 Gbytes. These disks have the same characteristics as the 120 mm disks, except for some parameters related to the smaller dimensions. All parameters unique for the 80 mm disks are specified in an annex. ISO/IEC 26925:2009 specifies the following: two related but different types of this disk; the conditions for conformance; the environments in which the disk is to be tested, operated and stored; the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical interchange between data processing systems; the format of the information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error correcting codes and the coding method; the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, thus enabling data processing systems to read the data from the disk. ISO/IEC 26925:2009 provides for the interchange of disks between optical disk drives. Together with a standard for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.

Technologies de l'information — Échange de données sur disques optiques de 120 mm et 80 mm en utilisant le format +RW HS — Capacité: 4,7 Go et 1,46 Go par face (vitesse d'enregistrement de 8X)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2009
• ICS: 35.220.30 - Optical storage devices
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23 - Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23 - Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage
• Current Stage: 9060 - Close of review
• Completion Date: 04-Mar-2031

Relations

• Revises: ISO/IEC 26925:2006 - Information technology - Digital storage media for information interchange - Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW HS Format - Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed 8X)
• Effective Date: 26-Jun-2008

Overview

ISO/IEC 26925:2009 defines requirements for data interchange on rewritable optical disks using the +RW HS (High Speed) format. The standard covers mechanical, physical and optical characteristics for 120 mm discs (4.7 Gbytes per side, 9.4 Gbytes double-sided) and 80 mm discs (1.46 Gbytes per side, 2.92 Gbytes double-sided). It specifies recorded/unrecorded signal quality, data format, recording method (phase‑change rewritable), conformance conditions and test/operating/storage environments to ensure reliable interchange between optical disk drives at an 8X recording speed.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Disk types & capacities: 120 mm and 80 mm +RW HS rewritable optical disks (capacities and side‑based values as specified). The 80 mm variants have an annex with parameters unique to the smaller form factor.
• Mechanical and dimensional characteristics: reference planes, overall dimensions, clamping zone, rim and transition areas to ensure mechanical interchangeability.
• Optical characteristics: substrate thickness, reflectivity, birefringence, angular deviation and index of refraction for read/write compatibility.
• Reference drive & servo systems: normalized servo transfer functions, axial and radial tracking, wobble and tracking channels defined for consistent drive behavior.
• Data format & error control: physical sector layout, data frames, NRZI/modulation conversions, ECC blocks, Error Detection Codes (EDC) and scrambling to enable reliable read/write/overwrite operations.
• Track and zone layout: track pitch, track path, ADIP (address in pregroove) information, lead‑in, data zone and lead‑out structures, plus assignment of logical and physical sector numbers (LSNs/PSNs).
• Conformance & environments: test, operating, storage and transportation environments; safety and flammability requirements.

Practical applications

• Ensures interchangeability of +RW HS optical discs across drives and systems for data distribution, backup and archival workflows.
• Used when producing or validating consumer and professional rewritable media, drive firmware, manufacturing test procedures and media quality assurance.
• Supports system integrators developing optical-drive controllers, data recovery specialists, and organizations standardizing media for long-term transport or exchange.

Who should use this standard

• Optical disc manufacturers and media converters
• Optical drive & firmware developers
• Test labs and conformance assessors
• IT architects specifying removable-media interchange and archival policies

Related standards

• ISO/IEC 26925:2009 is intended to be used together with a volume and file structure standard to provide full data interchange. It also complements other ISO/IEC optical‑disc specifications for drive and media interoperability.

Keywords: ISO/IEC 26925:2009, +RW HS, optical disk, 120 mm, 80 mm, rewritable, phase change, data interchange, 4.7 GB, 1.46 GB, recording speed 8X, data format, ECC, ADIP.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 26925
Second edition
2009-06-15
Information technology — Data
interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm
optical disk using +RW HS format —
Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per
side (recording speed 8X)
Technologies de l'information — Échange de données sur disques
optiques de 120 mm et 80 mm en utilisant le format +RW HS —
Capacité: 4,7 Go et 1,46 Go par face (vitesse d'enregistrement de 8X)

Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2009
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ii © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. vii
Introduction . viii
1 Scope .1
2 Conformance.1
2.1 Optical disk.1
2.2 Generating system.1
2.3 Receiving system.2
2.4 Compatibility statement .2
3 Normative references .2
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Conventions and notations .4
5.1 Representation of numbers .4
5.2 Names .4
6 Abbreviated terms .5
7 General description of the optical disk .6
8 General Requirements .7
8.1 Environments.7
8.1.1 Test environment.7
8.1.2 Operating environment .7
8.1.3 Storage environment.7
8.1.4 Transportation.7
8.2 Safety requirements .8
8.3 Flammability.8
9 Reference Drive.8
9.1 Optical system .8
9.2 Optical beam .9
9.3 Read channel 1.9
9.4 Disk clamping.9
9.5 Rotation of the disk .10
9.6 Wobble channel (Read channel 2) .10
9.7 Tracking channel (Read channel 2) .11
9.8 Reference servo systems .11
9.8.1 Normalized servo transfer function .11
9.8.2 Reference Servo for Axial Tracking.11
9.8.3 Reference Servo for Radial Tracking.12
10 Dimensional characteristics .14
10.1 Reference Planes.14
10.2 Overall dimensions.15
10.3 First transition area .15
10.4 Second transition area .16
10.5 Clamping Zone.16
10.6 Third transition area .16
10.7 Information Zone.16
10.8 Rim area.17
10.9 Remark on tolerances .17
11 Mechanical characteristics .17
© ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved iii

11.1 Mass . 17
11.2 Moment of inertia . 17
11.3 Dynamic imbalance. 17
11.4 Axial runout . 17
11.4.1 Tracking requirements at the Reference velocity (CLV) . 17
11.4.2 Tracking requirements at 3 000 RPM (CAV). 18
11.5 Radial runout . 18
11.5.1 Tracking requirements at the Reference velocity (CLV) . 18
11.5.2 Tracking requirements at 3 000 RPM (CAV). 18
12 Optical characteristics in the Information Zone . 19
12.1 Index of refraction. 19
12.2 Thickness of the substrate. 19
12.3 Reflectivity . 19
12.4 Birefringence . 19
12.5 Angular deviation. 19
13 Data format . 20
13.1 Data Frames. 20
13.1.1 Identification Data (ID) . 21
13.1.2 ID Error Detection Code (IED). 22
13.1.3 RSV . 22
13.1.4 Error Detection Code (EDC). 22
13.2 Scrambled Frames . 23
13.3 ECC Blocks. 23
13.4 Recording Frames. 25
13.5 Modulation and NRZI conversion. 25
13.6 Physical Sectors . 26
13.7 Layout of a Recording UNit (RUN). 27
13.7.1 Recording Unit position . 28
13.8 d.c. component suppression control. 28
14 Track format. 29
14.1 Track shape . 29
14.2 Track path . 30
14.3 Track pitch . 30
14.4 Track layout . 30
14.4.1 ADIP information. 30
14.4.2 Physical format information in ADIP. 33
15 General description of the Information Zone . 49
16 Layout of the Information Zone . 50
16.1 Physical Sector Numbers (PSNs). 50
17 Lead-in Zone. 51
17.1 Initial Zone . 51
17.2 Inner Disk Test Zone. 51
17.3 Inner Drive Test Zone . 51
17.4 Guard Zone 1 . 51
17.5 Reserved Zone 1 . 51
17.6 Reserved Zone 2 . 52
17.7 Inner Disk Identification Zone. 52
17.8 Reserved Zone 3 . 52
17.9 Reference Code Zone . 53
17.10 Buffer Zone 1 . 53
17.11 Control Data Zone . 53
17.11.1 Physical format information. 53
17.11.2 Disk manufacturing information. 55
17.11.3 Content provider information . 55
17.12 Buffer Zone 2 . 55
18 Data Zone. 55
iv © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

19 Lead-out Zone .55
19.1 Buffer Zone 3.56
19.2 Outer Disk Identification Zone.56
19.3 Guard Zone 2.56
19.4 Reserved Zone 4 .56
19.5 Outer Drive Test Zone .56
19.6 Outer Disk Test Zone.57
19.7 Guard Zone 3.57
20 Assignment of Logical Sector Numbers (LSNs).57
21 Formatting .57
21.1 Pre-formatting .58
21.1.1 Verification .58
21.2 Background formatting .58
21.2.1 Initialization .58
21.2.2 De-icing.58
21.2.3 Finalization .59
21.2.4 Verification (optional).59
21.3 Sequential recording without formatting .59
22 Disk Control Blocks.60
22.1 General format of Disk Control Blocks .60
22.2 Format of the Formatting DCB (FDCB).62
22.3 Format of the Write inhibit DCB (WDCB).66
23 General.68
24 Method of testing.68
24.1 Environment.68
24.2 Reference Drive.68
24.2.1 Optics and mechanics.68
24.2.2 Read power.68
24.2.3 Read channels.69
24.2.4 Tracking .69
24.3 Definition of signals.69
25 Characteristics of the groove signals .70
25.1 Phase depth.70
25.2 Push-pull signal .70
25.3 Track Cross signal.70
25.4 Normalized wobble signal.70
25.5 Characteristics of the wobble.71
26 Method of testing.71
26.1 Environment.71
26.2 Reference Drive.71
26.2.1 Optics and mechanics.71
26.2.2 Read power.71
26.2.3 Read channels.71
26.2.4 Tracking .72
26.2.5 Scanning velocity .72
26.3 Write conditions.72
26.3.1 Write pulse waveform.72
26.3.2 Write power .72
26.4 Measurement conditions .73
27 Characteristics of the recorded signals .73
27.1 Channel bit length.73
27.2 Definition of signals.73
27.2.1 High frequency signals (HF).73
27.2.2 Modulated amplitude.74
27.2.3 Reflectance×Modulation product.74
27.2.4 Signal asymmetry .74
© ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved v

27.2.5 Normalized Slicing Level jump . 75
27.2.6 Jitter. 75
27.2.7 Track Cross signal . 75
27.3 Read stability. 75
28 Additional testing conditions. 76
28.1 Test environment . 76
28.1.1 Optics . 76
28.2 Definition of signals. 76
28.2.1 Modulated amplitude . 76
28.2.2 Signal asymmetry . 77
28.2.3 Jitter. 77
28.2.4 Track Cross signal . 77
28.2.5 Differential phase tracking error signal . 77
28.2.6 Tangential push-pull signal. 78
29 Quality of the recording layer . 79
29.1 Defects . 79
29.20.1 Data errors . 79
30 Method of testing . 79
30.1 Environment . 79
30.2 Reference Drive. 80
30.2.1 Optics and mechanics . 80
30.2.2 Read power. 80
30.2.3 Read channels. 80
30.2.4 Error correction. 80
30.2.5 Tracking . 80
31 Minimum quality of a Recording Unit . 80
31.1 Tracking . 80
31.2 User-written data. 81
Annex A (normative) 80 mm disk. 82
Annex B (normative) Structure for Extended format information in the Data Zone. 85
Annex C (normative) Measurement of light reflectivity. 88
Annex D (normative) Measurement of birefringence. 90
Annex E (normative) Measuring conditions for operation signals . 93
Annex F (normative) Measurement of the differential phase tracking error . 96
Annex G (normative) The write pulse wave form for testing . 100
Annex H (normative) 8-to-16 Modulation . 103
Annex I (normative) Optimum Power Control . 112
Annex J (normative) Logical to Physical address translation. 117
Annex K (informative) Explanation about the usage of the reference servos . 118
Annex L (informative) Measurement of the groove wobble amplitude . 123
Annex M (informative) Transportation. 125
Annex N (informative) Defect Management and Physical Formatting . 126
Annex O (informative) Video Content Protection System . 127
Annex P (informative) How to use the Physical format information in ADIP . 128
Annex Q (informative) Values to be Implemented in Existing and Future Specifications . 130
Bibliography . 133

vi © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 26925 was prepared by Ecma International (as ECMA-371) and was adopted, under a special “fast-
track procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its
approval by national bodies of ISO and IEC.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 26925:2006), which has been technically
revised.
© ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved vii

Introduction
Ecma Technical Committee TC31 was established in 1984 for the standardization of optical disks and optical
disk cartridges (ODC). Since its establishment, the Committee has made major contributions to ISO/IEC
toward the development of International Standards for 80 mm, 90 mm, 120 mm, 300 mm, and 356 mm media.
Numerous standards have been developed by TC31 and published by Ecma, almost all of which have also
been adopted by ISO/IEC under the fast-track procedure as International Standards.
In February 2002, a group of companies proposed that TC31 develop a standard for 120 mm rewritable
optical disks using phase change recording technology and based on ISO/IEC 16448 and ISO/IEC 16969.
TC31 adopted this project and started the work that resulted in ISO/IEC 17341.
In February 2005, a proposal was made to TC31 to develop a new Ecma Standard that supports high-speed
recording of 120 mm and 80 mm rewritable disks based on the same technology as ISO/IEC 17341.
This International Standard specifies two Types of rewritable optical disks: one (Type S) making use of
recording on only a single side of the disk and yielding a nominal capacity of 4,7 Gbytes or 1,46 Gbytes per
disk and the other (Type D) making use of recording on both sides of the disk and yielding a nominal capacity
of 9,4 Gbytes or 2,92 Gbytes per disk.
This International Standard, taken together with a standard for volume and file structure, such as for instance
developed in Ecma Technical Committee TC15, provides the requirements for information interchange
between systems.
viii © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 26925:2009(E)

Information technology — Data interchange on 120 mm
and 80 mm optical disk using +RW HS format — Capacity:
4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per side (recording speed 8X)
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of 120 mm
rewritable optical disks with capacities of 4,7 Gbytes and 9,4 Gbytes. It specifies the quality of the recorded
and unrecorded signals, the format of the data and the recording method, thereby allowing for information
interchange by means of such disks. The data can be written, read and overwritten many times using the
phase change method. These disks are identified as +RW HS (High Speed).
This International Standard also specifies 80 mm disks with capacities of 1,46 Gbytes and 2,92 Gbytes. These
disks have the same characteristics as the 120 mm disks, except for some parameters related to the smaller
dimensions. All parameters unique for the 80 mm disks are specified in Annex A.
This International Standard specifies the following:
⎯ two related but different Types of this disk (see Clause 7);
⎯ the conditions for conformance;
⎯ the environments in which the disk is to be tested, operated and stored;
⎯ the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical
interchange between data processing systems;
⎯ the format of the information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the
error correcting codes and the coding method;
⎯ the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, thus enabling data processing systems to read the
data from the disk.
This International Standard provides for the interchange of disks between optical disk drives. Together with a
standard for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.
2 Conformance
2.1 Optical disk
A claim of conformance with this International Standard shall specify the Type implemented. An optical disk is
in conformance with this International Standard if it meets all mandatory requirements specified for its Type.
2.2 Generating system
A generating system is in conformance with this International Standard if the optical disk it generates is in
accordance with 2.1.
© ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved 1

2.3 Receiving system
A receiving system is in conformance with this International Standard if it is able to handle both Types of
optical disk according to 2.1.
2.4 Compatibility statement
A claim of conformance by a generating or receiving system with this International Standard shall include a
statement listing any other standards supported. This statement shall specify the numbers of the standards,
the optical disk types supported (where appropriate) and whether support includes reading only or both
reading and writing.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 4873:1991, Information technology — ISO 8-bit code for information interchange — Structure and
rules for implementation
ISO/IEC 16448:2002, Information technology — 120 mm DVD — Read-only disk
ECMA-287, Safety of electronic equipment (2002)
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
channel bit
elements by which the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented by marks and spaces on the disk
4.2
clamping zone
annular part of the disk within which the clamping force is applied by the clamping device
4.3
Digital Sum Value
DSV
arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value +1 to bits set to ONE and the
decimal value −1 to bits set to ZERO
4.4
disk reference plane
plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the clamping zone of the disk
is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation
4.5
dummy substrate
layer, which can be transparent or not, provided for the mechanical support of the disk and, in some cases, of
the recording layer as well
4.6
entrance surface
surface of the disk onto which the optical beam first impinges
2 © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

4.7
field
subdivision of a sector
4.8
groove
trench-like feature of the disk, applied before the recording of any information and used to define the track
location
NOTE The groove is located nearer to the entrance surface than the “land” between the grooves. The recording is
made on the groove.
4.9
interleaving
process of reallocating the physical sequence of units of data so as to render the data more immune to burst
errors
4.10
mark
feature of the recording layer that can take the form of an amorphous domain, a pit or any other type or form
that can be sensed by the optical system
NOTE The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.
4.11
phase change
physical effect by which the area of a recording layer irradiated by a laser beam is heated so as to change
from an amorphous state to a crystalline state and vice versa
4.12
physical sector
smallest addressable part of a track in the Information Zone of a disk that can be accessed independently of
other addressable parts of the zone
4.13
recording layer
layer of the disk on which data is written during manufacture and/or use
4.14
Reed–Solomon code
RS
error detection and/or correction code
4.15
reference velocity
linear velocity that results in the nominal channel bit rate of 26,156 25 Mbit/s
4.16
space
feature of the recording layer that can take the form of a crystal, a non-pit or any other type or form that can be
sensed by the optical system
NOTE The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.
4.17
substrate
transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recording layer, through which the optical
beam accesses the recording layer
© ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved 3

4.18
track
360° turn of a continuous spiral
4.19
track pitch
distance between adjacent track centrelines, measured in a radial direction
4.20
Video Content Protection System
VCPS
method to prevent unauthorized copying and/or redistribution of video data that is recorded in the
DVD+R/+RW video format
4.21
wobble
continuous sinusoidal deviation of the track from the average centreline
NOTE Location information is included as phase modulated data in the wobble.
4.22
zone
annular area of the disk
5 Conventions and notations
5.1 Representation of numbers
A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For
instance, it implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of
- 0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,274.
Numbers in decimal notations are represented by the digits 0 to 9.
Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F in parentheses.
The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE.
Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the most
significant bit shown to the left. In a pattern of n bits, bit b shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b
(n-1) 0
shall be the least significant bit (lsb). Bit b shall be recorded first.
(n-1)
Negative
...