ISO 179-1:2023
(Main)Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 1: Non-instrumented impact test
Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 1: Non-instrumented impact test
This document specifies a method for determining the Charpy impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch. The method can be used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions. It can also be used for the determination of comparative data from similar types of material.
Plastiques — Détermination des caractéristiques au choc Charpy — Partie 1: Essai de choc non instrumenté
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination de la résistance au choc Charpy des plastiques dans des conditions définies. De nombreux types d’éprouvettes et de configurations d’essai différents sont définis. Divers paramètres d’essai sont spécifiés selon le type de matière, le type d’éprouvette et le type d’entaille. La présente méthode peut être utilisée pour l’étude du comportement des types d’éprouvettes spécifiés soumises à des conditions de choc définies et pour l’estimation de la fragilité ou de la ténacité des éprouvettes dans les limites inhérentes aux conditions d’essai. Elle peut également être utilisée pour déterminer des résultats comparatifs propres à des types similaires de matériaux.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 179-1
Third edition
2023-06
Plastics — Determination of Charpy
impact properties —
Part 1:
Non-instrumented impact test
Plastiques — Détermination des caractéristiques au choc Charpy —
Partie 1: Essai de choc non instrumenté
Reference number
ISO 179-1:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
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ISO 179-1:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO 179-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 3
5.1 Test machine . 3
5.2 Micrometers and gauges . 3
6 Test specimens . 4
6.1 Preparation . 4
6.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds . 4
6.1.2 Sheets . 4
6.1.3 Long-fibre-reinforced materials . . 4
6.1.4 Checking . . 6
6.1.5 Notching . 7
6.2 Anisotropy . 7
6.3 Shape and dimensions . 7
6.3.1 Materials not exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture . 7
6.3.2 Materials exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture (e.g. long-fibre-reinforced
materials) . 9
6.4 Number of test specimens . 9
6.5 Span between specimen supports, L . 10
6.6 Conditioning. 10
7 Procedure .11
8 Calculation and expression of results .12
8.1 Unnotched specimens .12
8.2 Notched specimens .12
8.3 Statistical parameters. 12
8.4 Significant figures.12
9 Precision .12
10 Test report .13
Annex A (informative) Additional methods for investigating the influence of surface effects .15
Annex B (informative) Precision data .17
Annex C (informative) Determining the notch tip radius using a CCD microscope .19
Bibliography .22
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ISO 179-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 2,
Mechanical behavior, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 249, Plastics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 179-1:2010), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— results of a round robin for unnotched specimens (see Annex B) have been added;
— reference to standard ISO 16012 (see the Bibliography and subclause 5.2) has been added;
— improvements of the micrometers and gauges subclause (see 5.2) have been addressed;
— symbols used in Formulae (1) and (2) have been reviewed and updated.
A list of all parts in the ISO 179 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 179-1:2023(E)
Introduction
The Charpy impact properties determination method described in the ISO 179 series has a greater
range of applicability than that given in ISO 180 and is more suitable for the testing of materials showing
interlaminar shear fracture or of materials exhibiting surface effects due to environmental factors.
The method is suitable for use with the following range of materials:
— rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials (including filled and reinforced compounds
in addition to unfilled types) and rigid thermoplastics sheets;
— rigid thermosetting moulding materials (including filled and reinforced compounds) and rigid
thermosetting sheets (including laminates);
— fibre-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or
multi-directional reinforcements (such as mats, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands,
combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings and milled fibres) or incorporating sheets made
from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs), including filled and reinforced compounds;
— thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers.
Notched samples are not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials, long-fibre-reinforced
composites or thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers. In these cases, unnotched samples may be used.
The method is suited to the use of specimens moulded to the chosen dimensions, machined from the
central portion of a standard multipurpose test specimen (see ISO 20753) or machined from finished or
semifinished products such as mouldings, laminates and extruded or cast sheet.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 179-1:2023(E)
Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties —
Part 1:
Non-instrumented impact test
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the Charpy impact strength of plastics under defined
conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test
parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of
notch.
The method can be used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact
conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations
inherent in the test conditions. It can also be used for the determination of comparative data from
similar types of material.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 293, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials
ISO 294-1, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 1: General
principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens
ISO 294-3, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 3: Small
plates
ISO 295, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermosetting materials
ISO 1268-11, Fibre-reinforced plastics — Methods of producing test plates — Part 11: Injection moulding of
BMC and other long-fibre moulding compounds — Small plates
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining
ISO 10724-1, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermosetting powder moulding compounds
(PMCs) — Part 1: General principles and moulding of multipurpose test specimens
ISO 13802, Plastics — Verification of pendulum impact-testing machines — Charpy, Izod and tensile
impact-testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
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ISO 179-1:2023(E)
3.1
Charpy impact strength of unnotched specimens
a
cU
impact energy absorbed in breaking an unnotched specimen, referred to the original cross-sectional
area of the specimen
2
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in kilojoules per square metre (kJ/m ).
3.2
Charpy impact strength of notched specimens
a
cN
impact energy absorbed in breaking a notched specimen, referred to the original cross-sectional area
of the specimen at the notch, where N = A, B or C, depending on the notch type
Note 1 to entry: See 6.3.1.1.2.
2
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in kilojoules per square metre (kJ/m ).
3.3
edgewise impact
e
direction of blow parallel to the dimension b, with impact on the narrow longitudinal surface h × l of the
specimen
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 a) and Figures 2 and 4.
3.4
flatwise impact
f
direction of blow parallel to the dimension h, with impact on the broad longitudinal surface b × l of the
specimen
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 b) and Figures 3 and 4.
3.5
normal direction of blow
n
impact with the direction of blow normal to the plane of reinforcement
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4.
3.6
parallel direction of blow
p
impact with the direction of blow parallel to the plane of reinforcement
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4.
4 Principle
The test specimen, supported near its ends as a horizontal beam, is impacted by a single blow of a
striker, with the line of impact midway between the supports, and bent at a high, nominally constant,
velocity.
In the case of edgewise impact with notched specimens, the line of impact is directly opposite the single
notch [see Figure 1 a) and Figure 2].
The method specifies preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests which are carried out on
specimens of different dimensions or with different notches, or specimens which are prepared under
different conditions, can produce results which are not comparable. Other factors, such as the energy
capacity of the apparatus, the impact velocity and the conditioning of the specimens can also influence
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ISO 179-1:2023(E)
the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors shall be carefully
controlled and recorded.
The method is not intended to be used as a source of data for design calculations. Information on the
typical behaviour of a material can be obtained, however, by testing at different temperatures, by
varying the notch radius and/or the specimen thickness and by testing specimens prepared under
different conditions.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine
The principles, characteristics and verification of suitable test machines are detailed in ISO 13802.
ISO 13802 describes partial verification and full verification. In the case of full verification, some items
are difficult to verify when the apparatus is assembled. Such verifications are assumed to be incumbent
on the manufacturer.
5.2 Micrometers and gauges
Micrometers and gauges shall allow to determine the relevant dimensions of the test specimens
with an uncertainty not larger than 0,02 mm. For the determination of the dimension b of notched
N
test specimens measuring tips appropriate for the contour of the notch shall be used. For general
information on the determination of test specimen dimensions, see ISO 16012.
a) Edgewise impact b) Flatwise impact
Key
1 direction of blow
2 rod of pendulum
3 test specimen
4 notch
5 support
Figure 1 — Striking edge and support blocks for type 1 test specimen at moment of impact
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ISO 179-1:2023(E)
6 Test specimens
6.1 Preparation
6.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds
Specimens shall be prepared in accordance with the relevant material specification. The specimens
shall be either directly compression moulded in accordance with ISO 293 or ISO 295 or injection
moulded from the material in accordance with ISO 294-1, ISO 294-3 or ISO 10724-1, as appropriate,
or machined in accordance with ISO 2818 from sheet that has been compression or injection moulded
from the compound. Type 1 specimens may be cut from multipurpose test specimens complying with
ISO 20753:—, type A1.
6.1.2 Sheets
Specimens shall be machined from sheets in accordance with ISO 2818.
6.1.3 Long-fibre-reinforced materials
A panel shall be prepared in accordance with ISO 1268-11 or another specified or agreed upon
preparation procedure. Specimens shall be machined in accordance with ISO 2818.
Key
1 direction of blow
Figure 2 — Charpy edgewise impact (e) with single-notched specimen
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ISO 179-1:2023(E)
Key
1 direction of blow
Figure 3 — Charpy flatwise impact (f)
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ISO 179-1:2023(E)
Key
1 direction of blow
e edgewise
f flatwise
n normal
p parallel
NOTE 1 Edgewise (e) and flatwise (f) indicate the direction of the blow with respect to the specimen
thickness, h, and specimen width, b. Normal (n) and parallel (p) indicate the direction of the blow with respect to
the laminate plane.
NOTE 2 The Charpy “fn” and “ep” tests are used for laminates, while both the Charpy “en” and “ep” tests are
used for other materials. The Charpy “fn” and “fp” tests are used for testing materials exhibiting surface effects.
Figure 4 — Scheme of designations describing the direction of blow
6.1.4 Checking
The specimens shall be free of twist and shall have mutually perpendicular parallel surfaces. The
surfaces and edges shall be free from scratches, pits, sink marks and flash.
The specimens shall be checked for conformity with these requirements by visual observation against
straightedges, set squares and flat plates, and by measuring with micrometer callipers.
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ISO 179-1:2023(E)
Specimens showing measurable or observable departure from one or more of these requirements shall
be rejected or machined to proper size and shape before testing.
6.1.5 Notching
6.1.5.1 Machined notches shall be prepared in accordance with ISO 2818. The profile of the cutting
tooth shall be such as to produce in the specimen a notch of the contour and depth as defined in Table 2
and shown in Figure 5, at right angles to its principal axes (see Note).
NOTE The radius of the notch tip can be measured by the method given in Annex C.
6.1.5.2 Specimens with moulded-in notches may be used if specified for the material being tested
(see Note).
NOTE Specimens with moulded-in notches do not give results comparable to those obtained from specimens
with machined notches.
a) Type A b) Type B c) Type C
Radius of notch tip Radius of notch tip Radius of notch tip
r = (0,25 ± 0,05) mm r = (1,00 ± 0,05) mm r = (0,10 ± 0,02) mm
N N N
Figure 5 — Notch types
6.2 Anisotropy
Certain types of sheet or panel material or specimen taken from injection-moulded plates can show
different impact properties, depending on the direction in the plane of the sheet or panel. In such
cases, it is customary to cut groups of test specimens with their major axes respectively parallel and
perpendicular to the direction of some feature of the sheet or panel which is either visible or inferred
from knowledge of the method of manufacture.
6.3 Shape and dimensions
6.3.1 Materials not exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture
6.3.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds
6.3.1.1.1 Type 1 test specimens, unnotched or with one of three different types of notch, shall be used
as specified in Tables 1 and 2 and shown in Figures 2 and 5. The notch shall be located at the centre
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ISO 179-1:2023(E)
of the specimen. Type 1 specimens (see Table 1) may be taken from the central part of the type A1
multipurpose test specimen specified in ISO 20753.
e
Table 1 — Specimen types, specimen dimensions and spans between specimen supports
Dimensions in millimetres
a a a
Length Width Thickness Span
Specimen type
l b h L
+05,
1 80 ± 2 10,0 ± 0,2 4,0 ± 0,2
62
−00,
b c d
2 25h 10 or 15 3 20h
b
3 11h or 13h 10,0 ± 0,2 4,0 ± 0,2 6h or 8h
a
The specimen dimensions (thickness, h, width, b, and length, l) are defined by h < b < l.
b
Specimen types 2 and 3 shall be used only for materials described in 6.3.2.
c
10 mm for materials reinforced with a fine structure, 15 mm for those with a large stitch structure (see 6.3.2.2).
d
Preferred thickness. If the specimen is cut from a sheet or a piece, h shall be equal to the thickness of the sheet or piece,
up to 10,2 mm (see 6.3.1.2).
e
See Figures 2 and 6.
Table 2 — Method designations, specimen types, notch types and notch dimensions —
Materials not exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture
Dimensions in millimetres
Remaining
Notch tip
Specimen width, b ,
a radius, r N
Method designation Blow direction Notch type N
type at notch tip
(see Figure 5)
(see Figure 2)
b
ISO 179-1/1eA A 0,25 ± 0,05 8,0 ± 0,2
ISO 179-1/1eB B 1,00 ± 0,05 8,0 ± 0,2
Edgewise
ISO 179-1/1eC 1 C 0,10 ± 0,02 8,0 ± 0,2
b
ISO 179-1/1eU Unnotched
c
ISO 179-1/1fU Flatwise Unnotched
a
If specimens are taken from sheet or products, the thickness of the sheet or product shall be added to the designation.
Unreinforced specimens shall not be tested with their machined surface under tension.
b
Preferred method.
c
Especially for the study of surface effects (see 6.3.1.1.3).
6.3.1.1.2 The preferred type of notch is type A (see Table 2 and Figure 5). For most materials,
unnotched specimens or specimens with a single type A notch tested by edgewise impact (see 3.3) are
suitable. If specimens with a type A notch do not break during the test, specimens with a type C notch
shall be used. If information on the notch sensitivity of the material is desired, specimens with notch
types A, B and C shall be tested.
6.3.1.1.3 Unnotched or double-notched specimens tested by flatwise impact (see 3.4) can be used to
study surface effects (see Annex A).
6.3.1.2 Sheet materials
The recommended value of the thickness, h, is 4 mm. If the specimen is cut from a sheet or a piece taken
from a structure, the thickness of the specimen, up to 10,2 mm, shall be the same as the thickness of the
sheet or the structure.
Specimens taken from pieces thicker than 10,2 mm shall be machined to (10 ± 0,2) mm from one surface,
provided that the sheet is homogeneous in its thickness and contains only one type of reinforcement
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ISO 179-1:2023(E)
uniformly distributed. If unnotched or double-notched specimens are tested by flatwise impact, the
original surface shall be tested under tension.
6.3.2 Materials exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture (e.g. long-fibre-reinforced materials)
6.3.2.1 Unnotched specimens of type 2 or 3 are used. Apart from the thickness, the specimen
dimensions are not specified. The most important parameter is the ratio of the span between the
specimen supports to the specimen dimension in the direction of the blow (see Table 1).
Usually specimens are tested in the normal direction (see Figure 4).
6.3.2.2 “Flatwise normal” testing (see Figure 4): the width of specimen shall be 10 mm for materials
reinforced with a fine structure (thin fabrics and parallel yarns) and 15 mm for materials reinforced
with a large stitch structure (roving fabrics) or an irregularly manufactured structure.
6.3.2.3 “Edgewise parallel” testing (see Figure 4): when testing specimens in the parallel direction,
the specimen dimension perpendicular to the blow direction shall be the thickness of the sheet from
which the specimen was cut.
6.3.2.4 The length, l, of the specimen shall be chosen to give a span-to-thickness ratio, L/h, of 20 for
type 2 specimens and 6 for type 3 specimens although, if the apparatus does not allow a ratio L/h = 6, a
ratio L/h = 8 may be used, especially for thin sheets, as indicated in Table 1.
6.3.2.5 With type 2 specimens, tensile-type failure occurs; with type 3 specimens, interlaminar shear
failure of the sheet usually occurs. The different types of failure which can occur are summarized in
Table 3.
NOTE In some cases (thin-fabric reinforcement), shear failure does not occur. In the case of type 3 specimens,
the fracture starts as a single or multiple shear failure and continues as tensile failure.
6.4 Number of test specimens
6.4.1 Unless otherwise specified in the standard for the material being tested, a set consisting of
10 specimens shall be tested. When the coefficient of variation (see ISO 2602) has a value of less than
5 %, a minimum number of five test specimens is sufficient.
6.4.2 If laminates are tested in the normal and parallel directions, 10 specimens shall be used for
each direction.
Table 3 — Method designation and specimen types — Materials exhibiting interlaminar shear
fracture
Method Specimen
L/h Type of failure Schematic
designation type
Tension t
ISO 179-1/2
2 20 Compression c
a
n or p
Buckling b
a
“n” is the normal direction and “p” is the parallel direction with respect to the sheet plane (see Figure 4).
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ISO 179-1:2023(E)
TTabablele 3 3 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Method Specimen
L/h Type of failure Schematic
designation type
Shear s
ISO 179-1/3
3 6 or 8 Multiple shear ms
a
n or p
Shear followed by tensile
st
fracture
a
“n” is the normal direction and “p” is the parallel direction with respect to the sheet plane (see Figure 4).
6.5 Span between specimen supports, L
The span between the specimen supports, L, is defined as the distance between the lines of contact
of the specimen with the supports. Figure 6 shows the span, L, and a suitable way in which it can be
determined by measuring the radius of the supports and the distance b
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 179-1
Troisième édition
2023-06
Plastiques — Détermination des
caractéristiques au choc Charpy —
Partie 1:
Essai de choc non instrumenté
Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties —
Part 1: Non-instrumented impact test
Numéro de référence
ISO 179-1:2023(F)
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ISO 179-1:2023(F)
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Publié en Suisse
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ISO 179-1:2023(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Principe. 3
5 Appareillage . 3
5.1 Machine d’essai . 3
5.2 Micromètres et comparateurs . 3
6 Éprouvettes. 4
6.1 Préparation . 4
6.1.1 Compositions pour moulage et extrusion . 4
6.1.2 Feuilles . 4
6.1.3 Matériaux renforcés par de longues fibres . 4
6.1.4 Contrôle . 7
6.1.5 Préparation de l’entaille . . . 8
6.2 Anisotropie . 8
6.3 Forme et dimensions . 8
6.3.1 Matériaux ne présentant pas de défaillance de type cisaillement
interlaminaire . 8
6.3.2 Matériaux présentant une défaillance de type cisaillement interlaminaire
(par exemple matériaux renforcés par de longues fibres) . 10
6.4 Nombre d’éprouvettes . 10
6.5 Distance entre appuis de l’éprouvette, L . 11
6.6 Conditionnement .12
7 Mode opératoire .12
8 Calcul et expression des résultats .13
8.1 Éprouvettes non entaillées . 13
8.2 Éprouvettes entaillées .13
8.3 Paramètres statistiques .13
8.4 Chiffres significatifs .13
9 Fidélité .13
10 Rapport d’essai .14
Annexe A (informative) Méthodes supplémentaires pour étudier l’influence des effets
de surface . .16
Annexe B (informative) Données de fidélité .18
Annexe C (informative) Détermination du rayon de la pointe de l’entaille au microscope
CCD .20
Bibliographie .23
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ISO 179-1:2023(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a
été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir
www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner
l’utilisation d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité
et à l’applicabilité de tout droit de brevet revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent
document, l’ISO n'avait pas reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa
mise en application. Toutefois, il y a lieu d’avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent
document que des informations plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de
brevets, disponible à l'adresse www.iso.org/brevets. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié tout ou partie de tels droits de propriété.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 61, Plastiques, sous-comité SC 2,
Comportement mécanique, en collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/TC 249, Plastiques, du Comité
européen de normalisation (CEN) conformément à l’Accord de coopération technique entre l’ISO et le
CEN (Accord de Vienne).
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (ISO 179-1:2010), qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique.
Les principales modifications sont les suivantes:
— les résultats d’un essai interlaboratoires sur des éprouvettes non entaillées (voir l’Annexe B) ont été
ajoutés;
— une référence à la norme ISO 16012 (voir la Bibliographie et 5.2) a été ajoutée;
— des améliorations du paragraphe concernant les micromètres et comparateurs (voir 5.2) ont été
effectuées;
— les symboles utilisés dans les Formules (1) et (2) ont été revus et mis à jour.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 179 se trouve sur le site web de l’ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
iv
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ISO 179-1:2023(F)
Introduction
La méthode de détermination des caractéristiques au choc Charpy décrite dans la série ISO 179 possède
un domaine d’application plus étendu que celui de l’ISO 180 et convient mieux à l’essai des matériaux
qui présentent des défaillances de type cisaillement interlaminaire ou de ceux qui présentent des effets
de surface dus à des facteurs d’environnement.
La méthode est applicable à la gamme des matériaux suivants:
— matières thermoplastiques rigides pour moulage et extrusion (y compris les compositions chargées
et renforcées en plus des types non chargés) et feuilles thermoplastiques rigides;
— matières thermodurcissables rigides pour moulage (y compris les compositions chargées et
renforcées) et feuilles thermodurcissables rigides (y compris les stratifiés);
— composites thermoplastiques et thermodurcissables renforcés de fibres comportant des
renforts unidirectionnels et multidirectionnels (tels que mats, tissus, tissus stratifils, fils coupés,
combinaisons de renforcements et hybrides, stratifils et fibres broyées) ou incorporant des feuilles
réalisées à partir de matières préimprégnées (préimprégnés), y compris les compositions chargées
et renforcées;
— polymères à cristaux liquides thermotropes.
Les échantillons entaillés ne conviennent généralement pas aux matériaux alvéolaires rigides, aux
composites renforcés par de longues fibres ou aux polymères à cristaux liquides thermotropes. Dans
ces cas, des échantillons non entaillés peuvent être utilisés.
La méthode est adaptée à l’utilisation d’éprouvettes qui sont moulées aux dimensions choisies, usinées à
partir de la partie centrale d’une éprouvette normalisée à usages multiples (voir l’ISO 20753) ou encore
usinées à partir de produits finis ou semi-finis, tels que pièces moulées, stratifiés et feuilles extrudées
ou coulées.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 179-1:2023(F)
Plastiques — Détermination des caractéristiques au choc
Charpy —
Partie 1:
Essai de choc non instrumenté
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination de la résistance au choc Charpy des
plastiques dans des conditions définies. De nombreux types d’éprouvettes et de configurations d’essai
différents sont définis. Divers paramètres d’essai sont spécifiés selon le type de matière, le type
d’éprouvette et le type d’entaille.
La présente méthode peut être utilisée pour l’étude du comportement des types d’éprouvettes spécifiés
soumises à des conditions de choc définies et pour l’estimation de la fragilité ou de la ténacité des
éprouvettes dans les limites inhérentes aux conditions d’essai. Elle peut également être utilisée pour
déterminer des résultats comparatifs propres à des types similaires de matériaux.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique.
Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les
éventuels amendements).
ISO 291, Plastiques — Atmosphères normales de conditionnement et d'essai
ISO 293, Plastiques — Moulage par compression des éprouvettes en matières thermoplastiques
ISO 294-1, Plastiques — Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux thermoplastiques — Partie 1:
Principes généraux, et moulage des éprouvettes à usages multiples et des barreaux
ISO 294-3, Plastiques — Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux thermoplastiques — Partie 3:
Plaques de petites dimensions
ISO 295, Plastiques — Moulage par compression des éprouvettes de matériaux thermodurcissables
ISO 1268-11, Plastiques renforcés de fibres — Méthodes de fabrication de plaques d'essai — Partie
11: Moulage par injection de BMC et d'autres mélanges à mouler à fibres longues — Plaques de petites
dimensions
ISO 2818, Plastiques — Préparation des éprouvettes par usinage
ISO 10724-1, Plastiques — Moulage par injection d'éprouvettes en compositions de poudre à mouler (PMC)
thermodurcissables — Partie 1: Principes généraux et moulage d'éprouvettes à usages multiples
ISO 13802, Plastiques — Vérification des machines d'essai de choc pendulaire — Essais de choc Charpy,
Izod et de choc-traction
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s’appliquent.
1
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ISO 179-1:2023(F)
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
résistance au choc Charpy d’éprouvettes non entaillées
a
cU
énergie de choc absorbée par la rupture d’une éprouvette non entaillée rapportée à la section droite
initiale de l’éprouvette
2
Note 1 à l'article: Elle est exprimée en kilojoules par mètre carré (kJ/m ).
3.2
résistance au choc Charpy d’éprouvettes entaillées
a
cN
énergie de choc absorbée par la rupture d’une éprouvette entaillée rapportée à la section droite initiale
de l’éprouvette au niveau de l’entaille, où N = A, B ou C en fonction du type de l’entaille
Note 1 à l'article: Voir 6.3.1.1.2.
2
Note 2 à l'article: Elle est exprimée en kilojoules par mètre carré (kJ/m ).
3.3
choc en position debout
e
impact sur la surface longitudinale étroite h × l de l’éprouvette avec direction de la percussion parallèle
à la dimension b
Note 1 à l'article: Voir la Figure 1 a) et les Figures 2 et 4.
3.4
choc en position à plat
f
impact sur la surface longitudinale large b × l de l’éprouvette avec direction de la percussion parallèle à
la dimension h
Note 1 à l'article: Voir la Figure 1 b) et les Figures 3 et 4.
3.5
direction de percussion normale
n
impact avec direction de la percussion perpendiculaire au plan
de renforcement
Note 1 à l'article: Voir la Figure 4.
3.6
direction de percussion parallèle
p
impact avec direction de la percussion parallèle au plan de
renforcement
Note 1 à l'article: Voir la Figure 4.
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ISO 179-1:2023(F)
4 Principe
L’éprouvette, soutenue au voisinage de ses extrémités comme une poutre horizontale, est heurtée par
un percuteur en un seul choc, la ligne de choc étant située au milieu entre les supports, puis courbée à
haute vitesse nominale constante.
Dans le cas du choc en position debout avec des éprouvettes entaillées, la ligne de choc est directement
opposée à l’entaille simple [voir la Figure 1 a) et la Figure 2].
La présente méthode spécifie les dimensions recommandées pour l’éprouvette. Des essais réalisés avec
des éprouvettes de dimensions différentes ou avec des entailles différentes, ou avec des éprouvettes
préparées dans des conditions différentes, pourraient donner des résultats qui ne sont pas comparables.
D’autres facteurs, tels que la capacité énergétique de l’appareillage, sa vitesse de percussion et le
conditionnement des éprouvettes, peuvent également avoir une influence sur les résultats. Par
conséquent, lorsque des résultats comparatifs sont requis, ces facteurs doivent être soigneusement
contrôlés et enregistrés.
Il convient de ne pas utiliser la présente méthode comme source de données pour les calculs à effectuer
lors de la conception. Cependant, des informations sur le comportement type de la matière peuvent être
obtenues en effectuant l’essai à différentes températures, en faisant varier le rayon de l’entaille et/ou
l’épaisseur de l’éprouvette, et en utilisant des éprouvettes préparées dans des conditions différentes.
5 Appareillage
5.1 Machine d’essai
Les informations relatives aux principes, aux caractéristiques et à la vérification des machines d’essai
appropriées sont détaillées dans l’ISO 13802.
L’ISO 13802 décrit la vérification partielle et la vérification complète. Dans le cas d’une vérification
complète, certains éléments sont difficiles à vérifier une fois que l’appareil est assemblé. On considère
que ces vérifications incombent au fabricant.
5.2 Micromètres et comparateurs
Les micromètres et comparateurs doivent permettre de déterminer les dimensions pertinentes des
éprouvettes avec une incertitude de 0,02 mm au maximum. Pour la détermination de la dimension b
N
des éprouvettes entaillées, il faut utiliser des pointes de mesure appropriées pour épouser le contour
de l’entaille. Pour des informations générales sur la détermination des dimensions des éprouvettes, voir
l’ISO 16012.
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ISO 179-1:2023(F)
a) Choc en position debout b) Choc en position à plat
Légende
1 direction de percussion
2 axe du pendule
3 éprouvette
4 entaille
5 support
Figure 1 — Percuteur et ensemble de supports pour les éprouvettes de type 1 au moment
du choc
6 Éprouvettes
6.1 Préparation
6.1.1 Compositions pour moulage et extrusion
Les éprouvettes doivent être préparées conformément à la spécification relative au matériau concerné.
Les éprouvettes doivent être soit directement moulées par compression conformément à l’ISO 293
ou l’ISO 295, soit moulées par injection à partir de la matière conformément à l’ISO 294-1, l’ISO 294-3
ou l’ISO 10724-1, selon le cas, soit usinées conformément à l’ISO 2818 à partir d’une feuille ayant été
moulée par compression ou par injection à partir de la composition. Les éprouvettes de type 1 peuvent
être prélevées dans des éprouvettes à usages multiples conformes au type A1 de l’ISO 20753:—.
6.1.2 Feuilles
Les éprouvettes doivent être usinées à partir de feuilles conformément à l’ISO 2818.
6.1.3 Matériaux renforcés par de longues fibres
Une plaque doit être préparée conformément à l’ISO 1268-11 ou à toute autre méthode de préparation
spécifiée ou agréée. Les éprouvettes doivent être usinées conformément à l’ISO 2818.
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ISO 179-1:2023(F)
Légende
1 direction de percussion
Figure 2 — Choc Charpy en position debout (e) avec éprouvette à simple entaille
5
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ISO 179-1:2023(F)
Légende
1 direction de percussion
Figure 3 — Choc Charpy à plat (f)
6
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ISO 179-1:2023(F)
Légende
1 direction de percussion
e debout
f à plat
n normale
p parallèle
NOTE 1 Les positions debout (e) et à plat (f) indiquent la direction de percussion par rapport à l’épaisseur h et
à la largeur de l’éprouvette b. Normale (n) et parallèle (p) indiquent la direction de percussion par rapport au plan
du stratifié.
NOTE 2 Les essais de choc Charpy «fn» et «ep» sont utilisés pour les stratifiés, alors que les essais de choc
Charpy «en» et «ep» sont utilisés pour les autres matériaux. Les essais de choc Charpy «fn» et «fp» sont utilisés
pour les essais de matériaux présentant des effets de surface.
Figure 4 — Schéma de désignations décrivant la direction de percussion
6.1.4 Contrôle
Les éprouvettes doivent être exemptes de torsion et avoir des surfaces parallèles mutuellement
perpendiculaires. Les surfaces et les bords doivent être exempts de rayures, creux, retassures et
bavures.
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ISO 179-1:2023(F)
La conformité des éprouvettes à ces exigences doit être vérifiée par observation visuelle par rapport à
des règles droites, des équerres et des plaques planes, et par mesure à l’aide de micromètres.
Les éprouvettes présentant un écart mesurable ou observable par rapport à une ou plusieurs de ces
exigences doivent être refusées ou usinées aux dimensions et à la forme adéquates avant l’essai.
6.1.5 Préparation de l’entaille
6.1.5.1 Les entailles usinées doivent être préparées conformément à l’ISO 2818. Le profil de la
dent de l’outil de coupe doit permettre de produire dans l’éprouvette une entaille ayant le contour et
la profondeur définis dans le Tableau 2 et représentés à la Figure 5, perpendiculairement à ses axes
principaux (voir la Note).
NOTE Le rayon de la pointe d’entaille peut être mesuré par la méthode indiquée à l’Annexe C.
6.1.5.2 Des éprouvettes à entailles moulées peuvent être utilisées si cela est spécifié pour la matière
soumise à l’essai (voir la Note).
NOTE Les éprouvettes à entailles moulées ne donnent pas des résultats comparables à ceux obtenus avec les
éprouvettes à entailles usinées.
a) Type A b) Type B c) Type C
Rayon de la pointe d’entaille Rayon de la pointe d’entaille Rayon de la pointe d’entaille
r = (0,25 ± 0,05) mm r = (1,00 ± 0,05) mm r = (0,10 ± 0,02) mm
N N N
Figure 5 — Types d’entailles
6.2 Anisotropie
Certains types de matériaux sous forme de feuille ou de plaque ou d’éprouvettes prélevées à partir
de plaques moulées par injection peuvent présenter des propriétés différentes au choc, selon la
direction dans le plan de la feuille ou de la plaque. Dans ces cas, il est d’usage de découper des groupes
d’éprouvettes telles que leurs axes principaux soient respectivement parallèle et perpendiculaire à
la direction d’une quelconque caractéristique de la feuille ou de la plaque, cette caractéristique étant
visible ou déduite à partir de la méthode de fabrication.
6.3 Forme et dimensions
6.3.1 Matériaux ne présentant pas de défaillance de type cisaillement interlaminaire
6.3.1.1 Compositions pour moulage et extrusion
6.3.1.1.1 Les éprouvettes de type 1 non entaillées ou comportant un des trois types d’entailles
différents doivent être utilisées comme spécifié dans les Tableaux 1 et 2 et conformément à la
représentation donnée aux Figures 2 et 5. L’entaille doit être située au centre de l’éprouvette. Les
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ISO 179-1:2023(F)
éprouvettes de type 1 (voir le Tableau 1) peuvent être prélevées dans la partie centrale de l’éprouvette à
usages multiples de type A1 spécifiée dans l’ISO 20753.
Tableau 1 — Types d’éprouvette, dimensions de l’éprouvette et distance entre appuis
e
de l’éprouvette
Dimensions en millimètres
Distance entre
a a a
Longueur Largeur Épaisseur
Type
appuis
d’éprouvette
l b h L
+05,
1 80 ± 2 10,0 ± 0,2 4,0 ± 0,2 62
−00,
b c d
2 25h 10 ou 15 3 20h
b
3 11h ou 13h 10,0 ± 0,2 4,0 ± 0,2 6h ou 8h
a
Les dimensions de l’éprouvette (épaisseur h, largeur b et longueur l) sont définies par h < b < l.
b
Les éprouvettes de types 2 et 3 ne doivent être utilisées que pour les matériaux décrits en 6.3.2.
c
10 mm pour les matériaux renforcés avec une structure fine, 15 mm pour ceux avec une structure à maille large (voir
6.3.2.2).
d
Épaisseur recommandée. Si l’éprouvette est découpée dans une feuille ou dans une pièce, h doit être égale à l’épaisseur
de la feuille ou de la pièce, jusqu’à 10,2 mm (voir 6.3.1.2).
e
Voir les Figures 2 et 6.
Tableau 2 — Désignations de la méthode, types d’éprouvette, types d’entaille et dimensions
des entailles — Matériaux ne présentant pas de défaillance de type cisaillement interlaminaire
Dimensions en millimètres
Largeur
Rayon de
restante, b ,
la pointe de N
Désignation de Type Direction de Type
à la pointe de
a l’entaille, r
la méthode d’éprouvette percussion d’entaille N
l’entaille (voir
(voir la Figure 5)
la Figure 2)
b
ISO 179-1/1eA A 0,25 ± 0,05 8,0 ± 0,2
ISO 179-1/1eB B 1,00 ± 0,05 8,0 ± 0,2
Debout
ISO 179-1/1eC 1 C 0,10 ± 0,02 8,0 ± 0,2
b
ISO 179-1/1eU Non entaillée
c
ISO 179-1/1fU À plat Non entaillée
a
Si les éprouvettes sont prélevées dans des feuilles ou des produits, l’épaisseur h de la feuille ou du produit doit être
ajoutée à la désignation. Les éprouvettes non renforcées ne doivent pas être soumises à essai avec leur surface usinée sous
tension.
b
Méthode recommandée.
c
En particulier pour l’étude des effets de surface (voir 6.3.1.1.3).
6.3.1.1.2 Le type d’entaille recommandé est le type A (voir le Tableau 2 et la Figure 5). Pour la plupart
des matériaux, les éprouvettes sans entaille ou les éprouvettes avec une simple entaille de type A
soumises à l’essai de choc en position debout (voir 3.3) conviennent. Si les éprouvettes qui comportent
une entaille de type A ne se rompent pas pendant l’essai, il faut utiliser les éprouvettes à entaille de
type C. Lorsqu’on souhaite disposer d’informations relatives à la sensibilité de la matière à l’entaille, il
faut soumettre à l’essai des éprouvettes entaillées des types A, B et C.
6.3.1.1.3 Les éprouvettes sans entaille ou avec double entaille soumises à l’essai de choc en position à
plat (voir 3.4) peuvent être utilisées pour étudier les effets de surface (voir l’Annexe A).
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ISO 179-1:2023(F)
6.3.1.2 Matériaux sous forme de feuilles
L’épaisseur recommandée h est de 4 mm. Lorsque l’éprouvette est découpée dans une feuille ou un
élément d’une structure, son épaisseur, si elle est inférieure ou égale à 10,2 mm, doit être la même que
celle de la feuille ou de la structure.
Les éprouvettes prélevées
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 179-1
ISO/TC 61/SC 2
Plastics — Determination of Charpy
Secretariat: SAC
impact properties —
Voting begins on:
2023-02-20
Part 1:
Voting terminates on:
Non-instrumented impact test
2023-04-17
Plastiques — Détermination des caractéristiques au choc Charpy —
Partie 1: Essai de choc non instrumenté
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 179-1
ISO/TC 61/SC 2
Plastics — Determination of Charpy
Secretariat: SAC
impact properties —
Voting begins on:
Part 1:
Voting terminates on:
Non-instrumented impact test
Plastiques — Détermination des caractéristiques au choc Charpy —
Partie 1: Essai de choc non instrumenté
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
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be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Email: copyright@iso.org
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 3
5.1 Test machine . 3
5.2 Micrometers and gauges . 3
6 Test specimens . 4
6.1 Preparation . 4
6.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds . 4
6.1.2 Sheets . 4
6.1.3 Long-fibre-reinforced materials . . 4
6.1.4 Checking . . 7
6.1.5 Notching . 7
6.2 Anisotropy . 7
6.3 Shape and dimensions . 8
6.3.1 Materials not exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture . 8
6.3.2 Materials exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture (e.g. long-fibre-reinforced
materials) . 9
6.4 Number of test specimens . 9
6.5 Span between specimen supports, L . 10
6.6 Conditioning. 11
7 Procedure .11
8 Calculation and expression of results .12
8.1 Unnotched specimens .12
8.2 Notched specimens .12
8.3 Statistical parameters. 12
8.4 Significant figures.12
9 Precision .12
10 Test report .12
Annex A (informative) Additional methods for investigating the influence of surface effects .15
Annex B (informative) Precision data .17
Annex C (informative) Determining the notch tip radius using a CCD microscope .19
Bibliography .22
iii
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 2,
Mechanical behavior, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 249, Plastics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 179-1:2010), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— results of a round robin for unnotched specimens (see Annex B) have been added;
— reference to standard ISO 16012 (see the Bibliography and subclause 5.2) has been added;
— improvements of the micrometers and gauges subclause (see 5.2) have been addressed;
— symbols used in Formulae (1) and (2) have been reviewed and updated.
A list of all parts in the ISO 179 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Introduction
The Charpy impact properties determination method described in the ISO 179 series has a greater range
[1]
of applicability than that given in ISO 180 and is more suitable for the testing of materials showing
interlaminar shear fracture or of materials exhibiting surface effects due to environmental factors.
The method is suitable for use with the following range of materials:
— rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials (including filled and reinforced compounds
in addition to unfilled types) and rigid thermoplastics sheets;
— rigid thermosetting moulding materials (including filled and reinforced compounds) and rigid
thermosetting sheets (including laminates);
— fibre-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or
multi-directional reinforcements (such as mats, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands,
combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings and milled fibres) or incorporating sheets made
from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs), including filled and reinforced compounds;
— thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers.
Notched samples are not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials, long-fibre-reinforced
composites or thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers. In these cases, unnotched samples may be used.
The method is suited to the use of specimens moulded to the chosen dimensions, machined from the
central portion of a standard multipurpose test specimen (see ISO 20753) or machined from finished or
semifinished products such as mouldings, laminates and extruded or cast sheet.
v
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---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties —
Part 1:
Non-instrumented impact test
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the Charpy impact strength of plastics under defined
conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test
parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of
notch.
The method can be used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact
conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations
inherent in the test conditions. It can also be used for the determination of comparative data from
similar types of material.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 293, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials
ISO 294-1, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 1: General
principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens
ISO 294-3, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 3: Small
plates
ISO 295, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermosetting materials
ISO 1268-11, Fibre-reinforced plastics — Methods of producing test plates — Part 11: Injection moulding of
BMC and other long-fibre moulding compounds — Small plates
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining
ISO 10724-1, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermosetting powder moulding compounds
(PMCs) — Part 1: General principles and moulding of multipurpose test specimens
ISO 13802, Plastics — Verification of pendulum impact-testing machines — Charpy, Izod and tensile
impact-testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
1
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
3.1
Charpy impact strength of unnotched specimens
a
cU
impact energy absorbed in breaking an unnotched specimen, referred to the original cross-sectional
area of the specimen
2
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in kilojoules per square metre (kJ/m ).
3.2
Charpy impact strength of notched specimens
a
cN
impact energy absorbed in breaking a notched specimen, referred to the original cross-sectional area
of the specimen at the notch, where N = A, B or C, depending on the notch type
Note 1 to entry: See 6.3.1.1.2.
2
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in kilojoules per square metre (kJ/m ).
3.3
edgewise impact
e
direction of blow parallel to the dimension b, with impact on the narrow longitudinal surface h × l of the
specimen
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 a) and Figures 2 and 4.
3.4
flatwise impact
f
direction of blow parallel to the dimension h, with impact on the broad longitudinal surface b × l of the
specimen
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 b) and Figures 3 and 4.
3.5
normal direction of blow
n
impact with the direction of blow normal to the plane of reinforcement
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4.
3.6
parallel direction of blow
p
impact with the direction of blow parallel to the plane of reinforcement
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4.
4 Principle
The test specimen, supported near its ends as a horizontal beam, is impacted by a single blow of a
striker, with the line of impact midway between the supports, and bent at a high, nominally constant,
velocity.
In the case of edgewise impact with notched specimens, the line of impact is directly opposite the single
notch [see Figure 1 a) and Figure 2].
The method specifies preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests which are carried out on
specimens of different dimensions or with different notches, or specimens which are prepared under
different conditions, can produce results which are not comparable. Other factors, such as the energy
capacity of the apparatus, the impact velocity and the conditioning of the specimens can also influence
2
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors shall be carefully
controlled and recorded.
The method is not intended to be used as a source of data for design calculations. Information on the
typical behaviour of a material can be obtained, however, by testing at different temperatures, by
varying the notch radius and/or the specimen thickness and by testing specimens prepared under
different conditions.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine
The principles, characteristics and verification of suitable test machines are detailed in ISO 13802.
ISO 13802 describes partial verification and full verification. In the case of full verification, some items
are difficult to verify when the apparatus is assembled. Such verifications are assumed to be incumbent
on the manufacturer.
5.2 Micrometers and gauges
Micrometers and gauges shall allow to determine the relevant dimensions of the test specimens
with an uncertainty not larger than 0,02 mm. For the determination of the dimension b of notched
N
test specimens measuring tips appropriate for the contour of the notch shall be used. For general
information on the determination of test specimen dimensions, see ISO 16012.
a) Edgewise impact b) Flatwise impact
Key
1 direction of blow
2 rod of pendulum
3 test specimen
4 notch
5 support
Figure 1 — Striking edge and support blocks for type 1 test specimen at moment of impact
3
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
6 Test specimens
6.1 Preparation
6.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds
Specimens shall be prepared in accordance with the relevant material specification. The specimens
shall be either directly compression moulded in accordance with ISO 293 or ISO 295 or injection
moulded from the material in accordance with ISO 294-1, ISO 294-3 or ISO 10724-1, as appropriate,
or machined in accordance with ISO 2818 from sheet that has been compression or injection moulded
from the compound. Type 1 specimens may be cut from multipurpose test specimens complying with
ISO 20753, type A.
6.1.2 Sheets
Specimens shall be machined from sheets in accordance with ISO 2818.
6.1.3 Long-fibre-reinforced materials
A panel shall be prepared in accordance with ISO 1268-11 or another specified or agreed upon
preparation procedure. Specimens shall be machined in accordance with ISO 2818.
Key
1 direction of blow
Figure 2 — Charpy edgewise impact (e) with single-notched specimen
4
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Key
1 direction of blow
Figure 3 — Charpy flatwise impact (f)
5
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Key
1 direction of blow
e edgewise
f flatwise
n normal
6
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
p parallel
NOTE 1 Edgewise (e) and flatwise (f) indicate the direction of the blow with respect to the specimen
thickness, h, and specimen width, b. Normal (n) and parallel (p) indicate the direction of the blow with respect to
the laminate plane.
NOTE 2 The Charpy “fn” and “ep” tests are used for laminates, while both the Charpy “en” and “ep” tests are
used for other materials. The Charpy “fn” and “fp” tests are used for testing materials exhibiting surface effects.
Figure 4 — Scheme of designations describing the direction of blow
6.1.4 Checking
The specimens shall be free of twist and shall have mutually perpendicular parallel surfaces. The
surfaces and edges shall be free from scratches, pits, sink marks and flash.
The specimens shall be checked for conformity with these requirements by visual observation against
straightedges, set squares and flat plates, and by measuring with micrometer callipers.
Specimens showing measurable or observable departure from one or more of these requirements shall
be rejected or machined to proper size and shape before testing.
6.1.5 Notching
6.1.5.1 Machined notches shall be prepared in accordance with ISO 2818. The profile of the cutting
tooth shall be such as to produce in the specimen a notch of the contour and depth as defined in Table 2
and shown in Figure 5, at right angles to its principal axes (see Note).
NOTE The radius of the notch tip can be measured by the method given in Annex C.
6.1.5.2 Specimens with moulded-in notches may be used if specified for the material being tested
(see Note).
NOTE Specimens with moulded-in notches do not give results comparable to those obtained from specimens
with machined notches.
a) Type A b) Type B c) Type C
Radius of notch tip Radius of notch tip Radius of notch tip
r = (0,25 ± 0,05) mm r = (1,00 ± 0,05) mm r = (0,10 ± 0,02) mm
N N N
Figure 5 — Notch types
6.2 Anisotropy
Certain types of sheet or panel material or specimen taken from injection-moulded plates can show
different impact properties, depending on the direction in the plane of the sheet or panel. In such
7
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
cases, it is customary to cut groups of test specimens with their major axes respectively parallel and
perpendicular to the direction of some feature of the sheet or panel which is either visible or inferred
from knowledge of the method of manufacture.
6.3 Shape and dimensions
6.3.1 Materials not exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture
6.3.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds
6.3.1.1.1 Type 1 test specimens, unnotched or with one of three different types of notch, shall be
used as specified in Tables 1 and 2 and shown in Figures 2 and 5. The notch shall be located at the
centre of the specimen. Type 1 specimens (see Table 1) may be taken from the central part of the type A
multipurpose test specimen specified in ISO 20753.
e
Table 1 — Specimen types, specimen dimensions and spans between specimen supports
Dimensions in millimetres
a a a
Length Width Thickness Span
Specimen type
l b h L
+05,
1 80 ± 2 10,0 ± 0,2 4,0 ± 0,2 62
−00,
b c d
2 25h 10 or 15 3 20h
b
3 11h or 13h 10,0 ± 0,2 4,0 ± 0,2 6h or 8h
a
The specimen dimensions (thickness, h, width, b, and length, l) are defined by h < b < l.
b
Specimen types 2 and 3 shall be used only for materials described in 6.3.2.
c
10 mm for materials reinforced with a fine structure, 15 mm for those with a large stitch structure (see 6.3.2.2).
d
Preferred thickness. If the specimen is cut from a sheet or a piece, h shall be equal to the thickness of the sheet or piece,
up to 10,2 mm (see 6.3.1.2).
e
See Figures 2 and 6.
Table 2 — Method designations, specimen types, notch types and notch dimensions —
Materials not exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture
Dimensions in millimetres
Remaining
Notch tip
Specimen width, b ,
a radius, r N
Method designation Blow direction Notch type N
type at notch tip
(see Figure 5)
(see Figure 2)
b
ISO 179-1/1eA A 0,25 ± 0,05 8,0 ± 0,2
ISO 179-1/1eB B 1,00 ± 0,05 8,0 ± 0,2
Edgewise
ISO 179-1/1eC 1 C 0,10 ± 0,02 8,0 ± 0,2
b
ISO 179-1/1eU Unnotched
c
ISO 179-1/1fU Flatwise Unnotched
a
If specimens are taken from sheet or products, the thickness of the sheet or product shall be added to the designation.
Unreinforced specimens shall not be tested with their machined surface under tension.
b
Preferred method.
c
Especially for the study of surface effects (see 6.3.1.1.3).
6.3.1.1.2 The preferred type of notch is type A (see Table 2 and Figure 5). For most materials,
unnotched specimens or specimens with a single type A notch tested by edgewise impact (see 3.3) are
suitable. If specimens with a type A notch do not break during the test, specimens with a type C notch
8
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
shall be used. If information on the notch sensitivity of the material is desired, specimens with notch
types A, B and C shall be tested.
6.3.1.1.3 Unnotched or double-notched specimens tested by flatwise impact (see 3.4) can be used to
study surface effects (see Annex A).
6.3.1.2 Sheet materials
The recommended value of the thickness, h, is 4 mm. If the specimen is cut from a sheet or a piece taken
from a structure, the thickness of the specimen, up to 10,2 mm, shall be the same as the thickness of the
sheet or the structure.
Specimens taken from pieces thicker than 10,2 mm shall be machined to (10 ± 0,2) mm from one surface,
provided that the sheet is homogeneous in its thickness and contains only one type of reinforcement
uniformly distributed. If unnotched or double-notched specimens are tested by flatwise impact, the
original surface shall be tested under tension.
6.3.2 Materials exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture (e.g. long-fibre-reinforced materials)
6.3.2.1 Unnotched specimens of type 2 or 3 are used. Apart from the thickness, the specimen
dimensions are not specified. The most important parameter is the ratio of the span between the
specimen supports to the specimen dimension in the direction of the blow (see Table 1).
Usually specimens are tested in the normal direction (see Figure 4).
6.3.2.2 “Flatwise normal” testing (see Figure 4): the width of specimen shall be 10 mm for materials
reinforced with a fine structure (thin fabrics and parallel yarns) and 15 mm for materials reinforced
with a large stitch structure (roving fabrics) or an irregularly manufactured structure.
6.3.2.3 “Edgewise parallel” testing (see Figure 4): when testing specimens in the parallel direction,
the specimen dimension perpendicular to the blow direction shall be the thickness of the sheet from
which the specimen was cut.
6.3.2.4 The length, l, of the specimen shall be chosen to give a span-to-thickness ratio, L/h, of 20 for
type 2 specimens and 6 for type 3 specimens although, if the apparatus does not allow a ratio L/h = 6, a
ratio L/h = 8 may be used, especially for thin sheets, as indicated in Table 1.
6.3.2.5 With type 2 specimens, tensile-type failure occurs; with type 3 specimens, interlaminar shear
failure of the sheet usually occurs. The different types of failure which can occur are summarized in
Table 3.
NOTE In some cases (thin-fabric reinforcement), shear failure does not occur. In the case of type 3 specimens,
the fracture starts as a single or multiple shear failure and continues as tensile failure.
6.4 Number of test specimens
6.4.1 Unless otherwise specified in the standard for the material being tested, a set consisting of
10 specimens shall be tested. When
...
20222023-02-1006
ISO/DISFDIS 179-1:20222023(E)
ISO TC 61/SC 2/WG 3
Secretariat: SAC
Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 1: Non-instrumented
impact test
Plastiques — Détermination des caractéristiques au choc Charpy —Partie 1: Essai de choc non
instrumenté
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
© ISO 20222023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation,
no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet,
without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2023– All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Contents
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 3
5 Apparatus . 3
5.1 Test machine . 3
5.2 Micrometers and gauges . 3
6 Test specimens . 4
6.1 Preparation . 4
6.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds . 4
6.1.2 Sheets . 4
6.1.3 Long-fibre-reinforced materials . 4
6.1.4 Checking . 7
6.1.5 Notching. 7
6.2 Anisotropy . 7
6.3 Shape and dimensions . 7
6.3.1 Materials not exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture . 7
6.3.2 Materials exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture (e.g. long-fibre-reinforced
materials) . 9
6.4 Number of test specimens . 9
6.5 Definition of span between specimen supports, L . 10
6.6 Conditioning . 11
7 Procedure . 11
8 Calculation and expression of results . 12
8.1 Unnotched specimens . 12
8.2 Notched specimens . 12
8.3 Statistical parameters . 12
8.4 Significant figures . 12
9 Precision . 13
10 Test report . 13
Annex A (informative) Additional methods for investigating the influence of surface effects . 15
Annex B (informative) Precision data . 17
B.1 General . 17
B.2 Concept of r and R . 17
Annex C (informative) Determining the notch tip radius using a CCD microscope . 19
Bibliography . 22
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---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Foreword . iv
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 3
5 Apparatus . 3
5.1 Test machine . 3
5.2 Micrometers and gauges . 3
6 Test specimens . 5
6.1 Preparation . 5
6.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds . 5
6.1.2 Sheets. 5
6.1.3 Long-fibre-reinforced materials . 5
6.1.4 Checking . 11
6.1.5 Notching . 11
6.2 Anisotropy . 12
6.3 Shape and dimensions . 12
6.3.1 Materials not exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture . 12
6.3.2 Materials exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture (e.g. long-fibre-reinforced
materials) . 14
6.4 Number of test specimens . 14
6.5 Span between specimen supports, L . 15
6.6 Conditioning . 16
7 Procedure . 17
8 Calculation and expression of results . 18
8.1 Unnotched specimens . 18
8.2 Notched specimens . 18
8.3 Statistical parameters . 18
8.4 Significant figures . 18
9 Precision . 19
10 Test report . 19
Annex A (informative) Additional methods for investigating the influence of surface effects . 21
Annex B (informative) Precision data . 24
Annex C (informative) Determining the notch tip radius using a CCD microscope . 28
Bibliography . 32
iv © ISO 2023– All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 2,
Mechanical behavior, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 249, Plastics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 179-1:2010), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— results of a round robin for unnotched specimens (see Annex B) have been added;
— reference to standard ISO 16012 (see the Bibliography and subclause 5.2) has been added;
— improvements of the micrometers and gauges subclause (see 5.2) have been addressed;
— symbols used in Formulae (1) and (2) have been reviewed and updated.
A list of all parts in the ISO 179 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Introduction
The Charpy impact properties determination method described in the ISO 179 series has a greater
[1]
range of applicability than that given in ISO 180 and is more suitable for the testing of materials
showing interlaminar shear fracture or of materials exhibiting surface effects due to environmental
factors.
The method is suitable for use with the following range of materials:
— rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials (including filled and reinforced compounds
in addition to unfilled types) and rigid thermoplastics sheets;
— rigid thermosetting moulding materials (including filled and reinforced compounds) and rigid
thermosetting sheets (including laminates);
— fibre-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or
multi-directional reinforcements (such as mats, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands,
combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings and milled fibres) or incorporating sheets made
from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs), including filled and reinforced compounds;
— thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers.
Notched samples are not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials, long-fibre-reinforced
composites or thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers. In these cases, unnotched samples may be used.
The method is suited to the use of specimens moulded to the chosen dimensions, machined from the
central portion of a standard multipurpose test specimen (see ISO 20753) or machined from finished or
semifinished products such as mouldings, laminates and extruded or cast sheet.
vi © ISO 2023– All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 1:
Non-instrumented impact test
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for determining the Charpy impact strength of plastics under defined
conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test
parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of
notch.
The method can be used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact
conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations
inherent in the test conditions. It can also be used for the determination of comparative data from
similar types of material.
32 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 293, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials
ISO 294-1, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 1: General
principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens
ISO 294-3, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 3: Small
plates
ISO 295, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermosetting materials
ISO 1268-11, Fibre-reinforced plastics — Methods of producing test plates — Part 11: Injection moulding
of BMC and other long-fibre moulding compounds — Small plates
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining
ISO 20753, Plastics – Test specimens
ISO 10724-1, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermosetting powder moulding
compounds (PMCs) — Part 1: General principles and moulding of multipurpose test specimens
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
ISO 13802, Plastics — Verification of pendulum impact-testing machines — Charpy, Izod and tensile
impact-testing
43 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
Charpy impact strength of unnotched specimens
a
cU
impact energy absorbed in breaking an unnotched specimen, referred to the original cross-sectional
area of the specimen
2
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in kilojoules per square metre (kJ/m ).
3.2
Charpy impact strength of notched specimens
a
cN
impact energy absorbed in breaking a notched specimen, referred to the original cross-sectional area of
the specimen at the notch, where N = A, B or C, depending on the notch type
Note 1 to entry: See 6.3.1.1.2.
2
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in kilojoules per square metre (kJ/m ).
3.3
edgewise impact
e
direction of blow parallel to the dimension b, with impact on the narrow longitudinal surface h × l of the
specimen
Note 1 to entry_: See Figure 1 a) and Figures 2 and 4.
3.4
flatwise impact
f
direction of blow parallel to the dimension h, with impact on the broad longitudinal surface b × l of the
specimen
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 b) and Figures 3 and 4.
3.5
normal direction of blow
n
impact with the direction of blow normal to the plane of reinforcement
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4.
3.6
parallel direction of blow
p
impact with the direction of blow parallel to the plane of reinforcement
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4.
54 Principle
The test specimen, supported near its ends as a horizontal beam, is impacted by a single blow of a
striker, with the line of impact midway between the supports, and bent at a high, nominally constant,
velocity.
In the case of edgewise impact with notched specimens, the line of impact is directly opposite the single
notch ([see Figure 1 a) and Figure 2).].
The method specifies preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests which are carried out on
specimens of different dimensions or with different notches, or specimens which are prepared under
different conditions, can produce results which are not comparable. Other factors, such as the energy
capacity of the apparatus, the impact velocity and the conditioning of the specimens can also influence
the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors mustshall be carefully
controlled and recorded.
The method is not intended to be used as a source of data for design calculations. Information on the
typical behaviour of a material can be obtained, however, by testing at different temperatures, by
varying the notch radius and/or the specimen thickness and by testing specimens prepared under
different conditions.
65 Apparatus
6.15.1 Test machine
The principles, characteristics and verification of suitable test machines are detailed in ISO 13802.
ISO 13802 describes partial verification and full verification. In the case of full verification, some items
are difficult to verify when the apparatus is assembled. Such verifications are assumed to be incumbent
on the manufacturer.
6.25.2 Micrometers and gauges
Micrometers and gauges shall allow to determine the relevant dimensions of the test specimens with an
uncertainty not larger than 0,02 mm. For the determination of the dimension b of notched test
N
specimens measuring tips appropriate for the contour of the notch shall be used. For general
information on the determination of test specimen dimensions, see ISO 16012.
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
a) Edgewise impact b) Flatwise impact
Key
1 direction of blow
2 rod of pendulum
3 test specimen
4 notch
5 support
Figure 1 — Striking edge and support blocks for type 1 test specimen at moment of impact
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
76 Test specimens
7.16.1 Preparation
7.1.16.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds
Specimens shall be prepared in accordance with the relevant material specification. The specimens
shall be either directly compression moulded in accordance with ISO 293 or ISO 295 or injection
moulded from the material in accordance with ISO 294-1, ISO 294-3 or ISO 10724-1, as appropriate, or
machined in accordance with ISO 2818 from sheet that has been compression or injection moulded
from the compound. Type 1 specimens may be cut from multipurpose test specimens complying with
ISO 20753, type A.
7.1.26.1.2 Sheets
Specimens shall be machined from sheets in accordance with ISO 2818.
7.1.36.1.3 Long-fibre-reinforced materials
A panel shall be prepared in accordance with ISO 1268-11 or another specified or agreed upon
preparation procedure. Specimens shall be machined in accordance with ISO 2818.
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Key
1 direction of blow
Figure 2 — Charpy edgewise impact (e) with single-notched specimen
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Key
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
1 direction of blow
Figure 3 — Charpy flatwise impact (f)
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
Key
1 direction of blow
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
e edgewise
f flatwise
n normal
p parallel
NOTE 1 Edgewise (e) and flatwise (f) indicate the direction of the blow with respect to the specimen thickness, h,
and specimen width, b. Normal (n) and parallel (p) indicate the direction of the blow with respect to the laminate
plane.
NOTE 2 The Charpy “fn” and “ep” tests are used for laminates, while both the Charpy “en” and “ep” tests are used
for other materials. The Charpy “fn” and “fp” tests are used for testing materials exhibiting surface effects.
Figure 4 — Scheme of designations describing the direction of blow
7.1.46.1.4 Checking
The specimens shall be free of twist and shall have mutually perpendicular parallel surfaces. The
surfaces and edges shall be free from scratches, pits, sink marks and flash.
The specimens shall be checked for conformity with these requirements by visual observation against
straightedges, set squares and flat plates, and by measuring with micrometer callipers.
Specimens showing measurable or observable departure from one or more of these requirements shall
be rejected or machined to proper size and shape before testing.
7.1.56.1.5 Notching
6.1.5.1 Machined notches shall be prepared in accordance with ISO 2818. The profile of the cutting
tooth shall be such as to produce in the specimen a notch of the contour and depth as defined in Table 2
and shown in Figure 5, at right angles to its principal axes (see Note).
NOTE The radius of the notch tip can be measured by the method given in Annex C.
6.1.5.2 Specimens with moulded-in notches may be used if specified for the material being tested
(see Note).
NOTE Specimens with moulded-in notches do not give results comparable to those obtained from specimens
with machined notches.
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
a) Type A b) Type B c) Type C
Radius of notch tip Radius of notch tip Radius of notch tip
rN = (0,25 ± 0,05) mm rN = (1,00 ± 0,05) mm rN = (0,10 ± 0,02) mm
Figure 5 — Notch types
7.26.2 Anisotropy
Certain types of sheet or panel material or specimen taken from injection-moulded plates can show
different impact properties, depending on the direction in the plane of the sheet or panel. In such cases,
it is customary to cut groups of test specimens with their major axes respectively parallel and
perpendicular to the direction of some feature of the sheet or panel which is either visible or inferred
from knowledge of the method of manufacture.
7.36.3 Shape and dimensions
7.3.16.3.1 Materials not exhibiting interlaminar shear fracture
7.3.1.16.3.1.1 Moulding and extrusion compounds
6.3.1.1.1 Type 1 test specimens, unnotched or with one of three different types of notch, shall be used
as specified in Tables 1 and 2 and shown in Figures 2 and 5. The notch shall be located at the centre of
the specimen. Type 1 specimens (see Table 1) may be taken from the central part of the type A
multipurpose test specimen specified in ISO 20753.
Table 1 — Specimen types, specimen dimensions and spans between specimen supports
e
(see Figures 2 and 6)supports
Dimensions in millimetres
a a a
Specimen type Length Width Thickness Span
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ISO/FDIS 179-1:2023(E)
l b h L
+0,5 +0,5
Field Code Changed
62 62
1 80 ± 2 10,0 ± 0,2 4,0 ± 0,2
−0,0 −0,0
b c d
2 25h 10 or 15 3 20h
b
3 11h or 13h 10,0 ± 0,2 4,0 ± 0,2 6h or 8h
a
The specimen dimensions (thickness, h, width, b, and length, l) are defined by h < b < l.
b
Specimen types 2 and 3 shall be used only for materials described in 6.3.2.
c
10 mm for materials reinforced with a fine structure, 15 mm for those with a large stitch structure (see 6.3.2.2).
d
Preferred thickness. If the specimen is cut from a sheet or a piece, h shall be equal to the thickness of the sheet or piece, up
to 10,2 mm (see 6.3.1.2)).
e
See Figures 2 and 6.
Table 2 — Method designat
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