ISO/IEC 7811-2:2001

Identification cards — Recording technique — Part 2: Magnetic stripe — Low coercivity

Cartes d'identification — Technique d'enregistrement — Partie 2: Raie magnétique — Faible coercitivité

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2001
• Withdrawal Date: 31-Jan-2001
• ICS: 35.240.15 - Identification cards. Chip cards. Biometrics
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17 - Cards and security devices for personal identification
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17/WG 1 - Physical characteristics and test methods for ID-cards
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 14-Aug-2014

Relations

• Revised: ISO/IEC 7811-2:2014 - Identification cards — Recording technique — Part 2: Magnetic stripe — Low coercivity
• Effective Date: 10-May-2012
• Revises: ISO/IEC 7811-2:1995 - Identification cards — Recording technique — Part 2: Magnetic stripe
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Revises: ISO/IEC 7811-4:1995 - Identification cards — Recording technique — Part 4: Location of read-only magnetic tracks — Tracks 1 and 2
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Revises: ISO/IEC 7811-5:1995 - Identification cards — Recording technique — Part 5: Location of read-write magnetic track — Track 3
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 7811-2
Third edition
2001-02-01
Identification cards — Recording
technique —
Part 2:
Magnetic stripe — Low coercivity
Cartes d'identification — Technique d'enregistrement —
Partie 2: Raie magnétique — Faible coercitivité
Reference number
ISO/IEC 7811-2:2001(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2001

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ISO/IEC 7811-2:2001(E)
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ISO/IEC 7811-2: 2001(E)
Contents
1 Scope .1
2 Conformance.1
3 Normative references .1
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Physical characteristics of the identification card.3
5.1 Magnetic stripe area warpage .3
5.2 Surface distortions .3
6 Physical characteristics of the magnetic stripe .4
6.1 Height and surface profile of the magnetic stripe area.4
6.1.1 Surface profile of the magnetic stripe area.5
6.1.2 Height of the magnetic stripe area.6
6.2 Surface roughness .7
6.3 Adhesion of stripe to card .7
6.4 Wear of magnetic stripe from read/write head.7
6.5 Resistance to chemicals .7
7 Performance characteristics for the magnetic material.7
7.1 General.7
7.2 Testing and operating environment .7
7.3 Signal amplitude requirements for magnetic media .7
8 Encoding technique .9
9 Encoding specification, general.10
9.1 Angle of recording .10
9.2 Nominal bit density.11
9.3 Signal amplitude requirements for tracks 1, 2 and 3 .11
9.4 Bit configuration .11
9.5 Direction of recording .11
9.6 Leading and trailing zeroes .11
10 Encoding specifications .12
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ISO/IEC 7811-2: 2001(E)
10.1 Alphanumeric track, track 1.12
10.1.1 Average bit density.12
10.1.2 Flux transition spacing variation.12
10.1.3 Coded character set .13
10.1.4 Maximum number of characters for ID-1 type card.14
10.2 Numeric track, Track 2 .15
10.2.1 Average bit density.15
10.2.2 Flux transition spacing variation.15
10.2.3 Coded character set .15
10.2.4 Maximum number of characters for ID-1 type card.16
10.3 Numeric track, Track 3 .16
10.3.1 Average bit density.16
10.3.2 Flux transition spacing variation.16
10.3.3 Coded character set .16
10.3.4 Maximum number of characters for ID-1 type card.17
11 Error detection .17
11.1 Parity .17
11.2 Longitudinal redundancy check (LRC).17
12 Location of encoded tracks .18
Annex A (informative) Read compatibility of magnetic stripes (ISO/IEC 7811-2 and ISO/IEC 7811-6).19
Annex B (normative) Signal amplitude measurements.20
Annex C (informative) Magnetic stripe abrasivity .21
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ISO/IEC 7811-2:2001(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission)
form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC
participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees
collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO/IEC 7811 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO/IEC 7811-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information
technology, Subcommittee SC 17, Identification cards and related devices.
This third edition of ISO/IEC 7811-2 cancels and replaces ISO/IEC 7811-2:1995, ISO/IEC 7811-4:1995 and
ISO/IEC 7811-5:1995. The user is encouraged to review the entire standard for revisions and updates. The major
changes made during this revision are listed below.
1. The requirements given in ISO/IEC 7811-4:1995 and ISO/IEC 7811-5:1995 are included in this edition of
ISO/IEC 7811-2.
2. Wherever possible the same definitions, criteria and test methods have been used for both Part 2 and Part 6.
3. Revised the bandpass filter requirements for the test method.
ISO/IEC 7811 consists of the following parts, under the general title Identification cards — Recording technique:
� Part 1: Embossing
� Part 2: Magnetic stripe — Low coercivity
� Part 6: Magnetic stripe — High coercivity
Annex B forms a normative part of this part of ISO/IEC 7811. Annexes A and C are for information only.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 7811-2:2001(E)
Identification cards — Recording technique —
Part 2:
Magnetic stripe — Low coercivity
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 7811 is one of a series of standards describing the characteristics for identification cards as
defined in the definitions clause and the use of such cards for international interchange.
This part of ISO/IEC 7811 specifies requirements for a low coercivity magnetic stripe (including any protective
overlay) on an identification card, the encoding technique and coded character sets. It takes into consideration both
human and machine aspects and states minimum requirements.
Coercivity influences many of the quantities specified in this part of ISO/IEC 7811 but is not itself specified.
Exposure of the card to a magnetic field is likely to destroy the recorded data.
It is the purpose of this series of standards to provide criteria to which cards shall perform. No consideration is
given within these standards to the amount of use, if any, experienced by the card prior to test. Failure to conform
to specified criteria should be negotiated between the involved parties.
ISO/IEC 10373-2 specifies the test procedures used to check cards against the parameters specified in this part of
ISO/IEC 7811.
NOTE Numeric values in the SI and/or Imperial measurement system in this part of ISO/IEC 7811 may have been rounded
off and therefore are consistent with, but not exactly equal to, each other. Either system may be used, but the two should not
be intermixed or reconverted. The original design was made using the Imperial measurement system.
2 Conformance
A prerequisite for conformance with this part of ISO/IEC 7811 is conformance with ISO/IEC 7810. An identification
card is in conformance with this part of ISO/IEC 7811 if it meets all mandatory requirements specified herein.
Default values apply if no others are specified.
3 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO/IEC 7811. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO/IEC 7811 are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Terms, definitions and
surface texture parameters.
ISO/IEC 7810, Identification cards — Physical characteristics.
ISO/IEC 10373-1, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 1: General characteristics tests.
ISO/IEC 10373-2, Identification cards — Test methods — Part 2: Cards with magnetic stripes.
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ISO/IEC 7811-2: 2001(E)
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 7811, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 7810 and the following
apply.
4.1
primary standard
set of reference cards established and maintained by Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) that represent
the values of U and I designated RM7811-2
R R
4.2
secondary standard
reference card designated RM7811-2 that is related to the primary standard as stated in the calibration certificate
supplied with each card
NOTE Secondary standards can be ordered from Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), FLab. 2.24 - Bundesallee
100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. The source of secondary standards will be maintained at least until 2005.
4.3
unused un-encoded card
card possessing all the components required for its intended purpose, which has not been subjected to any
personalization or testing operation, and which has been stored in a clean environment with no more than 48 hour
exposure to daylight at temperatures between 5 °C to 30 °C and humidity between 10% to 90% without
experiencing thermal shock
4.4
unused encoded card
card according to 4.3 that has only been encoded with all the data required for its intended purpose (e.g. magnetic
encoding, embossing, electronic encoding)
4.5
returned card
card according to 4.4 after it has been issued to the card holder and returned for the purpose of testing
4.6
flux transition
location of the greatest rate of change with distance of the magnetisation
4.7
reference current
I
R
minimum recorded current amplitude under the given test conditions that causes, on the reference card, a readback
signal amplitude equal to 80% of the reference signal amplitude U at a density of 8 flux transitions per millimetre
,
R
(200 flux transitions per inch) as shown in Figure 6
4.8
reference flux level
F
R
flux level in the test head that corresponds to the reference current I
R
4.9
test recording currents
two recording currents defined by:
I = Recording current corresponding to 3,5 F
min R
I = Recording current corresponding to 5,0 F
max R
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ISO/IEC 7811-2: 2001(E)
4.10
individual signal amplitude
U
i
base-to-peak amplitude of a single readback voltage signal
4.11
average signal amplitude
U
A
sum of the absolute value of the amplitude of each signal peak (U ) divided by the number of signal peaks (n) for a
i
given track over the length of the magnetic stripe area
4.12
reference signal amplitude
U
R
maximum value of the average signal amplitude of a reference card corrected to the primary standard
4.13
physical recording density
number of flux transitions per unit length recorded on a track
4.14
bit density
number of data bits stored per unit of length (bits/mm or bpi)
4.15
bit cell
distance between two clocking flux transitions. See Figure 10
4.16
sub interval
distance that is nominally half of the distance between two clocking flux transitions. See Figure 10
5 Physical characteristics of the identification card
The identification card shall conform to the specification given in ISO/IEC 7810.
WARNING --The attention of card issuers is drawn to the fact that information held on the magnetic stripe
may be rendered ineffective through contamination by contact with dirt and certain commonly used
chemicals including plasticizers. It should also be noted that any printing or screening placed on top of
the magnetic stripe must not impair the function of the magnetic stripe.
5.1 Magnetic stripe area warpage
Application of a 2,2 N (0.5 lbf) load evenly distributed on the front face opposite the magnetic stripe shall bring the
entire stripe within 0,08 mm (0.003 in) of the rigid plate.
5.2 Surface distortions
There shall be no surface distortions, irregularities or raised areas on both the front and the back of the card in the
area shown in Figure 1 that might interfere with the contact between the magnetic head and magnetic stripe.
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ISO/IEC 7811-2: 2001(E)
dimensions in millimetres (inches)
2,54 (0.100)
maximum
Top reference edge
Distortion-free
area
19,05 (0.750)
minimum
Figure 1 — Distortion-free area on card with magnetic stripe
If a raised signature panel area is located on the front or back of the card, then it shall be no closer to the top edge
of the card than 19,05 mm (0.750 in).
NOTE  Raised areas and distortions on other areas of the card may cause card transport problems with magnetic stripe
processing equipment resulting in reading or writing errors.
6 Physical characteristics of the magnetic stripe
6.1 Height and surface profile of the magnetic stripe area
The magnetic stripe area is located on the back of the card as shown in Figure 2.
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ISO/IEC 7811-2: 2001(E)
dimensions in millimetres (inches)
5,54 (0.218)
max
Top reference edge
Minimum magnetic Magnetic stripe area a
stripe width (W)
2,92 (0.115) max
82,55 (3.250) min
For use of tracks 1 and 2: a = 11,89 (0.468) min
For use of tracks 1, 2, and 3: a = 15,95 (0.628) min
NOTE In the case of the magnetic stripe area used for track 1 and 2, the dimension a as shown in Figure 2 of the
magnetic media could be less than the maximum dimension b as shown in Figure 11 for the location of track 2 data on the
card. It is desirable that the magnetic stripe area extend beyond the limits of the encoded track.
Figure 2 — Location of magnetic material for ID-1 type card
6.1.1 Surface profile of the magnetic stripe area
The maximum vertical deviation (a) of the transverse surface profile of the magnetic stripe area is shown below.
See Figures 3, 4, and 5. The slope of the surface profile curve shall be limited to: -4a/W < slope < 4a/W
When the bending stiffness value (see ISO/IEC 7810) for the card is 20 mm or more then the surface profile limits
are:
Minimum stripe width As shown in Figure 3A As shown in Figure 3B
W = 6,35 mm (0.25 in) a ≤ 9,5 μm (375 μin) a ≤ 5,8 μm (225 μin)
W = 10,28 mm (0.405 in) a ≤ 15,4 μm (607 μin) a ≤ 9,3 μm (365 μin)
When the bending stiffness value (see ISO/IEC 7810) for the card is less than 20 mm then the surface profile limits
are:
Minimum stripe width As shown in Figure 3A As shown in Figure 3B
W = 6,35 mm (0.25 in)
a ≤ 7,3 μm (288 μin) a ≤ 4,5 μm (175 μin)
W = 10,28 mm (0.405 in)
a ≤ 11,7 μm (466 μin) a ≤ 7,3 μm (284 μin)
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ISO/IEC 7811-2: 2001(E)
W
W
a
a
AB
Figure 3 — Surface profile
Abrupt drop
Permitted Not permitted
Permitted Not permitted
Figure 4 — Surface profile examples
Irregular profiles as shown may result in poor quality encoding.
Figure 5 — Irregular surface profile examples
6.1.2 Height of the magnetic stripe area
The vertical deviation (h) of the magnetic stripe area relative to the adjacent surface of the card shall be:
-0,005 mm ( - 200 µin) ≤ h ≤ 0,038 mm (1500 µin)
Spiking in the profile caused by the material "squirt out" in hot stamping is not part of the stripe. It shall not extend
above the magnetic stripe area height (h) as defined above.
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ISO/IEC 7811-2: 2001(E)
6.2 Surface roughness
The average surface roughness (R ) of the magnetic stripe area shall not exceed 0,40 µm (15.9 µin) in both the
a
longitudinal and transverse directions.  Refer to ISO 4287.
6.3 Adhesion of stripe to card
The stripe shall not separate from the card under normal use.
6.4 Wear of magnetic stripe from read/write head
Average signal amplitude (U ) and individual signal amplitude (U ) are measured before and after 2 000 wear cycles
A i
and shall result in:
U ≥ 0,60 U and U ≥ 0,80 U
A after A before i after A after
6.5 Resistance to chemicals
Average signal amplitude (U ) and individual signal amplitude (U) are measured before and after short-term
A i
exposure (as defined in the referenced Test Method document) shall result in:
and
U ≥ 0,90 U U ≥ 0,90 U
A after A before i after A after
Average signal amplitude (U ) and individual signal amplitude (U) are measured before and after long-term
A i
exposure (24 hours) to acid and alkaline artificial perspiration, as defined in the referenced Test Method document.
U ≥ 0,90 U and U ≥ 0,90 U
A after A before i after A after
7 Performance characteristics for the magnetic material
The purpose of this section is to enable magnetic interchangeability between card and processing systems. Media
coercivity is not specified. The media's performance criteria, regardless of coercivity, is specified in 7.3.
7.1 General
This method uses a reference card whose material is traceable to the primary standard (see clause 4). All signal
amplitude results from the use of the secondary reference card must be corrected by the factor supplied with the
secondary reference card.
7.2 Testing and operating environment
The testing environment for signal amplitude measurements is 23 °C ± 3 °C (73 °F ± 5 °F) and 40% to 60% relative
humidity. When tested under otherwise identical conditions, the average signal amplitude measured at 8 ft/mm
(200 ftpi) shall not deviate from its value in the above test environment by more than 15% after 5 minute exposure
over the following operating environment range:
temperature -35 °C to 50 °C (-31 °F to 122 °F)
relative humidity 5% to 95%
7.3 Signal amplitude requirements for magnetic media
The requirements for recording characteristics of the card are shown in Table 1, and Figures 6 and 7.
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ISO/IEC 7811-2: 2001(E)
Table 1 — Signal amplitude requirements for unused unencoded cards
Description Density Test recording Signal amplitude Requirement
ft/mm (ftpi) current result
Signal amplitude 8 (200)
I U 0,8 U ≤ U ≤ 1,3 U
min A1 R A1 R
Signal amplitude 8 (200)
I U U ≤ 1,36 U
min i1 i1 R
U ≥ U ≥ 0,8 U
Signal amplitude 8 (200)
A1 A2 R
I U
max A2
Signal amplitude 20 (500)
I U U ≥ 0,65 U
max i2 i2 R
Resolution 20 (500)
I U U ≥ 0,7 U
max A3 A3 A2
Erasure 0
I , DC U U ≤ 0,03 U
min A4 A4 R
Extra pulse 0
I , DC U U ≤ 0,05 U
min i4 i4 R
The slope of the saturation curve shall never be positive between I and I
min max
NOTE It is not permissible to combine the above requirements mathematically.
U
A1
130
U
A2
Readback 120
voltage
100
U
R
(% )
U
R
80
60 Example curve
40 Reference card curve
corrected to the
20
primary standard
Recording current
I I I
R min max
Figure 6 — Saturation curve example showing tolerance area at 8 ft/mm (200 ftpi)
NOTE The curve defines the primary standard response (on a card). The window parameters define a card that will be
functional in the machine readable environment. The corrected reference curve depicted above may not meet the
specifications defined in clause 7.
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ISO/IEC 7811-2: 2001(E)
flux transition flux transition
base line
flux transition flux transition
Figure 7 — Waveform example
8 Encoding technique
The encoding technique for each track is known as two-frequency recording. This method allows for serial
recording of self-clocking data. The encoding comprises data and clocking transitions together. A flux transition
occurring between clocks signifies that the bit is a "one" and the absence of a flux transition between clocking
transitions signifies that the bit is a "zero" (see Figure 8).
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ISO/IEC 7811-2: 2001(E)
t t t t t t
000 0 0
111 1 1
101 0 0
t, indicates self-clocking (timing) intervals
Figure 8 — Examples of two-frequency encoding
The data shall be recorded as a synchronous sequence of characters without intervening gaps.
NOTE Recording with a write current which is less than I may result in poor quality encoding.
min
9 Encoding specification, general
9.1 Angle of recording
The angle of recording shall be normal to the nearest edge of the card parallel to the magnetic stripe with a
tolerance of ± 20 minutes. The angle of recording (α) is determined by measuring the angle of the head gap when
the reading amplitude is maximum (see Figure 9).
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ISO/IEC 7811-2: 2001(E)
Top reference edge
αααα =90° ± 20’
Back of card
Encoded track
Magnetic stripe
width
Figure 9 — Angle of recording
9.2 Nominal bit density
The nominal bit density for each of the tracks shall be:
for track 1 8,27 bits/mm (210 bpi),
for track 2 2,95 bits/mm (75 bpi),
for track 3 8,27 bits/mm (210 bpi).
9.3 Signal amplitude requirements for tracks 1, 2 and 3
The requirements for signal amplitude on tracks 1, 2 and 3 shall be as follows:
Unused encoded cards: 0,64 U ≤ U ≤ 1,36 U
R i R
Returned cards: 0,52 U ≤ U ≤ 1,36 U
R i R
NOTE The requirements above specify the interchange signal amplitude limits for each of the encoded track locations at
the specified bit densities. Signal amplitude requirements specified in Table 1 reflect the magnetic media limits at the specified
recording frequency and recording test currents.
9.4 Bit configuration
0
In the bit configuration for each character on the magnetic area, the least significant bit (2 ) shall be encoded first
and the parity bit last.
9.5 Direction of recording
The encoding shall begin from the right-hand side viewed from the side with the magnetic stripe and with the stripe
at the top.
9.6 Leading and trailing zeroes
The lead-in up to the first data bit shall be recorded with zeroes and the space after the last bit shall also be
recorded with zeroes. Zeroes prior to 3,30 mm (0.130 in) or after 82,17 mm (3.235 in) from the right edge of the
card when viewed from the back are not required to meet the specifications given herein.
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ISO/IEC 7811-2: 2001(E)
10 Encoding specifications
10.1 Alphanumeric track, track 1
10.1.1 Average bit density
The average bit density (B ) shall be 8,27 bits/mm (210 bpi) ± 8% measured in a longitudinal direction parallel to the
a
top reference edge.
10.1.2 Fl
...