ISO/IEC 16504:2011
(Main)Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange between systems — MAC and PHY for operation in TV white space
Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange between systems — MAC and PHY for operation in TV white space
ISO/IEC 16504:2011 specifies a medium access control (MAC) sub-layer and a physical (PHY) layer for personal/portable cognitive wireless networks operating in TV bands. It also specifies a MUX sublayer for higher layer protocols. ISO/IEC 16504:2011 specifies a number of incumbent protection mechanisms which may be used to meet regulatory requirements.
Technologies de l'information — Télécommunications et échange d'information entre systèmes — MAC et PHY pour opération en espace blanc TV
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 16504
First edition
2011-11-15
Information technology —
Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems — MAC and
PHY for operation in TV white space
Technologies de l'information — Télécommunications et échange
d'information entre systèmes — MAC et PHY pour opération en espace
blanc TV
Reference number
ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2011
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . vii
Introduction . viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
3 Normative references . 1
4 Terms and definitions . 1
5 Abbreviations and Acronyms . 4
6 General description . 7
6.1 Network components . 7
6.2 Network formation . 7
6.3 Protocol architecture . 8
6.4 Addressing . 9
6.5 PHY features . 9
6.6 Overview of MAC service functionality . 10
6.6.1 Logical groups . 11
6.6.2 Control algorithms . 11
6.6.3 Channel selection . 11
6.6.4 The superframe . 11
6.6.5 Beaconing . 12
6.6.6 Medium access . 13
6.6.7 Data communication between devices . 13
6.6.8 MAC frame data rates . 13
6.6.9 Security . 13
6.6.10 Information discovery . 14
6.6.11 Support for higher-layer timer synchronization . 14
6.6.12 Protection of incumbent users . 14
6.6.13 Self-coexistence . 14
6.6.14 Rate adaptation . 15
6.6.15 Power management . 15
7 MAC common part sublayer . 15
7.1 MAC Frame Format . 15
7.1.1 Frame format conventions . 16
7.1.2 General MAC frame format . 16
7.1.3 Beacon frames . 22
7.1.4 Control frames . 24
7.1.5 Command frames . 27
7.1.6 Data frames . 35
7.1.7 Aggregated data frames . 35
7.1.8 Information elements . 35
7.2 Frame processing . 63
7.2.1 Frame addresses . 63
7.2.2 Frame reception . 64
7.2.3 Frame transaction . 64
7.2.4 Frame transfer . 65
7.2.5 Frame retry . 65
7.2.6 Inter-frame space (IFS) . 65
7.2.7 Duplicate detection . 66
7.2.8 RTS/CTS use . 66
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E)
7.2.9 MAC header fields.67
7.2.10 Information elements .69
7.3 MAC Structure and Beaconing .73
7.3.1 Beacon Period .74
7.3.2 Beacon slot state .74
7.3.3 BP length .74
7.3.4 Beacon transmission and reception .75
7.3.5 Beacon collision detection .76
7.3.6 BP contraction .76
7.3.7 Merger of multiple beacon groups .77
7.3.8 Signalling window.79
7.4 Device Synchronization .80
7.4.1 Clock accuracy .80
7.4.2 Synchronization for devices in hibernation mode .80
7.4.3 Guard times .80
7.5 Data Transfer Period .82
7.5.1 Prioritized Contention Access (PCA).83
7.5.2 Channel Reservation Access (CRA) .89
7.6 Fragmentation and Aggregation .96
7.6.1 Fragmentation and reassembly .96
7.6.2 Aggregation .97
7.7 ARQ, Multirate Support and Power Control .98
7.7.1 ARQ Policies .98
7.7.2 Multi-rate Support . 100
7.7.3 Transmit Power Control . 100
7.8 Dynamic Channel Selection . 100
7.9 Power Management Mechanisms . 101
7.9.1 Power management modes . 101
7.9.2 Device power states . 101
7.9.3 Power state transitions . 101
7.9.4 Hibernation mode operation . 103
7.9.5 Hibernation anchor operation . 103
7.10 Probe . 104
7.11 Protection of incumbents . 104
7.11.1 Channel Measurement . 104
7.11.2 Channel Classification . 107
7.11.3 Channel Evacuation . 108
7.12 Self-coexistence . 109
7.12.1 Self-coexistence scenarios . 109
7.12.2 Distributed self-coexistence mechanisms . 109
7.12.3 Centralized self-coexistence mechanisms . 110
7.13 Network Entry and Initialization . 111
7.13.1 Initial Channel SCAN and Device Discovery . 113
7.13.2 Master-Slave Association . 114
7.13.3 Pair discovery . 115
7.13.4 Create/join a beacon group . 116
7.13.5 Pairing . 116
7.13.6 Setup connections . 117
7.14 MAC sublayer parameters . 118
8 Security . 120
8.1 Security mechanisms . 120
8.1.1 Security operation . 120
8.1.2 4-way handshake . 121
8.1.3 Key transport . 121
8.1.4 Freshness protection . 121
8.1.5 Data encryption . 121
8.1.6 Frame integrity protection . 121
8.2 Security modes . 121
8.2.1 Security mode 0 . 123
iv © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E)
8.2.2 Security mode 1 . 123
8.2.3 Security mode 2 . 123
8.3 Temporal keys . 123
8.3.1 Mutual authentication and PTK derivation . 124
8.3.2 GTK exchange . 125
8.3.3 Pseudo-random function (PRF) definition . 126
8.3.4 PTK and KCK derivation . 127
8.3.5 PTK MIC generation . 127
8.3.6 Random number generation . 128
8.4 Frame reception steps and replay prevention measures . 128
8.4.1 Frame reception . 128
8.4.2 Replay prevention . 129
8.4.3 Implications on GTKs . 129
8.5 AES-128 CCM Inputs . 129
8.5.1 Overview . 129
8.5.2 Nonce . 130
8.5.3 CCM blocks . 130
9 PHY . 132
9.1 Introduction . 132
9.2 Symbol description . 132
9.2.1 OFDM symbol description . 132
9.2.2 Symbol parameters . 134
9.3 PPDU . 134
9.3.1 PLCP preamble . 135
9.3.2 PLCP header . 137
9.3.3 PSDU . 142
9.4 Constellation mapping and modulation . 148
9.4.1 Data modulation . 148
9.4.2 Pilot modulation . 150
9.5 OFDM modulation . 150
9.5.1 Data subcarriers . 151
9.5.2 Pilot subcarriers . 151
9.5.3 Null subcarriers . 153
9.5.4 Implementation of Fourier transform . 153
9.6 General block diagram for the OFDM PHY . 154
9.7 General requirements . 154
9.7.1 Operating frequency range . 154
9.7.2 Channel bandwidth and numbering . 155
9.7.3 PHY layer timing . 155
9.8 Transmitter requirements . 155
9.8.1 Transmit center frequency tolerance . 155
9.8.2 Symbol clock frequency tolerance . 155
9.8.3 Clock synchronization . 155
9.8.4 Transmitter constellation error . 156
9.9 Receiver requirements . 157
9.9.1 Receiver sensitivity . 157
9.9.2 Maximum received signal level . 158
9.9.3 Center frequency and symbol clock frequency tolerance . 158
9.9.4 Link quality estimate . 158
9.10 Control mechanisms . 159
9.10.1 Device synchronization . 159
9.10.2 Transmit power control . 159
9.11 Multiple antennae (optional) . 160
9.11.1 Multiple antennae normal preamble and burst preamble specification . 160
9.11.2 Multiple antennae PLCP header specification . 161
9.11.3 Pilot subcarriers for all multiple antennae modes . 163
9.11.4 Frequency interleaved transmit diversity (FITD) . 163
9.11.5 Alamouti space time block coding (STBC) . 163
9.11.6 Spatial multiplexing (SM) mode . 164
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E)
Annex A (normative) MUX sublayer . 165
Annex B (normative) OFDM parameters for 7 MHz and 8 MHz channel bandwidths . 167
Annex C (normative) Data rates for 7 MHz and 8 MHz channel bandwidths . 169
Annex D (normative) MAC policies . 170
Annex E (informative) FFT-based pilot sensing algorithms . 173
Annex F (informative) An example of TPC algorithm . 175
Bibliography . 178
vi © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 16504 was prepared by Ecma International (as ECMA-392) and was adopted, under a special “fast-
track procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its
approval by national bodies of ISO and IEC.
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved vii
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E)
Introduction
Analogue broadcasting systems have been or are being upgraded to digital technology, which frees up
channels in the TV frequency bands. This International Standard specifies a physical layer and a medium
access sub-layer for wireless devices to operate in the TV frequency bands.
Applications
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.