ISO 20474-5:2017

Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators

ISO 20474-5:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to hydraulic excavators as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1. ISO 20474-5:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-5:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

Engins de terrassement — Sécurité — Partie 5: Exigences applicables aux pelles hydrauliques

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Jul-2017
• ICS: 53.100 - Earth-moving machinery
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 127/SC 2 - Safety, ergonomics and general requirements
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 127/SC 2 - Safety, ergonomics and general requirements
• Parallel Committee: ISO/TC 23/SC 15 - Machinery for forestry
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 06-Dec-2022
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO 20474-5:2008 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators
• Effective Date: 03-Nov-2011

Overview

ISO 20474-5:2017 - Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators - defines the safety requirements specific to hydraulic excavators (as per ISO 6165). It is a type‑C standard intended to be used together with ISO 20474‑1 (general safety requirements). Where specific requirements in ISO 20474‑5 differ from ISO 20474‑1, the Part 5 requirements take precedence. The standard covers hazards, hazardous situations and events during commissioning, operation and maintenance, and it applies only to machines manufactured on or after the publication date.

Key topics and technical requirements

ISO 20474‑5 focuses on practical safety measures and technical controls for hydraulic excavators. Major topics include:

• Operator protection

  • Provision for fitting an operator protective guard (machines > 1 500 kg) in accordance with ISO 10262.
  • Requirements for Roll‑Over Protective Structures (ROPS) and Tip‑Over Protective Structures (TOPS) based on operating mass (e.g., TOPS for 1 000–6 000 kg; ROPS for > 6 000 kg up to 50 000 kg).
  • Labelling requirements and options where structures meet both TOPS and ROPS performance.

• Controls and braking

  • Requirements for driving and steering controls, and for swing braking systems (service and parking brakes).
  • Normative Annex A: specific requirements for excavator swing brakes (performance and testing).

• Stability and safety devices

  • Protective measures for stability across typical applications: bucket/shovel work, object‑handling and extra‑long reach equipment.
  • Special provisions for walking excavators (operator station, wheel brake system, stability, retrieval and towing).

• Information for use

  • Required documentation, warnings and instructions for safe commissioning, operation and maintenance.

• Technical amendments in the 2017 edition include updated normative references, additional requirements for load safety devices, and the normative swing‑brake annex.

Practical applications and who uses this standard

ISO 20474‑5 is used by:

• Manufacturers and OEMs designing hydraulic excavators and related protective structures.
• Design and safety engineers who implement stability, braking and operator‑protection systems.
• Test laboratories and certifiers performing ROPS/TOPS and swing‑brake evaluations.
• Purchasers, fleet managers and safety officers specifying safety features and compliance.
• Maintenance teams applying the standard’s guidance for safe servicing and documentation.

Practical uses include product design, compliance assessment, risk reduction during operation, and the preparation of user manuals and labelling for excavators.

Related standards

ISO 20474‑5 is intended to be read with ISO 20474‑1 and references several normative standards such as ISO 6165, ISO 10262, ISO 12117/12117‑2, ISO standards for seat belts, vibration, lift capacity and bucket ratings (e.g., ISO 6683, ISO 7096, ISO 10567). These related standards are commonly cited for design, testing and performance requirements.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20474-5
Second edition
2017-07
Earth-moving machinery — Safety —
Part 5:
Requirements for hydraulic excavators
Engins de terrassement — Sécurité —
Partie 5: Exigences applicables aux pelles hydrauliques
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Safety requirements and protective measures . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Operator station . 4
4.2.1 Operator protection . 4
4.2.2 Rear window defrosting system . 5
4.3 Controls for driving and steering . 5
4.4 Swing brakes . 5
4.5 Stability and safety devices . 5
4.5.1 General. 5
4.5.2 Bucket and shovel applications . 5
4.5.3 Object-handling applications . 5
4.6 Specific requirements for walking excavators . 6
4.6.1 Operator station . 6
4.6.2 Wheel brake system . 6
4.6.3 Operator protection . 7
4.6.4 Stability . 7
4.6.5 Retrieval and towing . 9
5 Information for use . 9
Annex A (normative) Requirements for excavator swing brakes .10
Annex B (informative) Illustrations.13
Bibliography .16
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery,
Subcommittee SC 2, Safety, ergonomics and general requirements.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 20474-5:2008), which has been
technically revised with the following changes:
— normative references have been updated;
— references to national and regional provisions in the withdrawn ISO/TS 20474-14 have been deleted;
— new safety requirements and protective measures have been added, including requirements for
load safety devices and the normative annex, Requirements for excavator swing brakes.
It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1.
A list of all parts in the ISO 20474 series, published under the general title, Earth-moving machinery —
Safety, can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the
other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this
type-C standard.
ISO 20474 provides acceptable safety requirements for earth-moving machinery. This standard does
not necessarily provide requirements to meet all national and regional regulatory provisions, e.g. Japan
does not allow object handling with earth-moving machinery.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20474-5:2017(E)
Earth-moving machinery — Safety —
Part 5:
Requirements for hydraulic excavators
1 Scope
This document gives the safety requirements specific to hydraulic excavators as defined in ISO 6165.
It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements
common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this
document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-
moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under
conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical
measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or
events during commissioning, operation and maintenance.
This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3449:2005, Earth-moving machinery — Falling-object protective structures — Laboratory tests and
performance requirements
ISO 3471, Earth-moving machinery — Roll-over protective structures — Laboratory tests and performance
requirements
ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions
ISO 6682, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls
ISO 6683, Earth-moving machinery — Seat belts and seat belt anchorages — Performance requirements
and tests
ISO 7096, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
ISO 7135, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavators — Terminology and commercial specifications
ISO 7451, Earth-moving machinery — Volumetric ratings for hoe-type and grab-type buckets of hydraulic
excavators and backhoe loaders
ISO 7546, Earth-moving machinery — Loader and front loading excavator buckets — Volumetric ratings
ISO 8643, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader lowering control device —
Requirements and tests
ISO 10262, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavators — Laboratory tests and performance
requirements for operator protective guards
ISO 10567, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavators — Lift capacity
ISO 12117, Earth-moving machinery — Tip-over protection structure (TOPS) for compact excavators —
Laboratory tests and performance requirements
ISO 12117-2:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory tests and performance requirements for
protective structures of excavators — Part 2: Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for excavators of over
6 t. Amended by ISO 12117-2:2008/Amd 1:2016
ISO 20474-1:2017, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20474-1, ISO 6165 and
ISO 7135, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
excavator
hydraulic excavator
self-propelled machine on crawlers, wheels or legs, having an upper structure normally capable of a
360° swing with mounted equipment (3.3), primarily designed for excavating with bucket, without
moving the undercarriage during the work cycle
Note 1 to entry: An excavator work cycle normally comprises excavating, elevating, swinging and the discharging
of material.
Note 2 to entry: An excavator can also be used for object or material handling/transportation.
Note 3 to entry: Unless specifically identified as a cable excavator, an excavator is commonly referred to as a
hydraulic excavator.
Note 4 to entry: See Annex B for illustrations.
[SOURCE: ISO 6165:2012, 4.4, modified — By adding Note 4.]
3.1.1
compact excavator
excavator (3.1) with an operating mass 6 000 kg or less
Note 1 to entry: See Annex B for illustrations.
[SOURCE: ISO 6165:2012, 4.4.4, modified — By adding Note 1.]
3.1.2
walking excavator
excavator (3.1) with three or more supporting legs which can be articulated, telescopic or both and
which can be fitted with wheels
Note 1 to entry: See Annex B for an illustration.
[SOURCE: ISO 6165:2012, 4.4.2, modified — By adding Note 1.]
3.2
extra-long reach equipment application
application of hydraulic excavator (3.1) equipped with extra-long reach equipment
Note 1 to entry: Extra-long reach equipment application includes the following:
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

—  extra-long front equipment application consisting of an extra-long boom and an extra-long arm with lighter
duty bucket for extra wide working range purpose;
—  telescopic arm application;
—  telescopic arm with clamshell bucket application;
—  extra-long front equipment demolition application consisting of an extra-long boom (multi-booms), extra-
long arm and demolition attachment.
3.3
material handling
moving of scrap and loose bulk material, e.g. scrap iron, demolition debris and mulch
3.4
material handling excavator
hydraulic excavator (3.1) purpose-built for material handling and typically equipped with an elevated
(fixed or movable) operator station
3.5
demolition application
demolishing by pushing or pulling, or fragmenting by crushing or shearing, buildings or other civil
engineering structures and their component parts
3.6
swing
rotation of the upper structure of an excavator in relation to a fixed reference frame on the ground
3.7
working swing revolution speed
turntable-swing speed, reached in a 180° revolution of the upper structure with maximum rotation
command input starting from a still position
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in revolutions per minute (r/m).
3.8
deceleration swing angle
angle measured in degrees of swing while the swing motion is decelerated from working swing
revolution speed to a complete stop (halt)
3.9
swing torque
torque which propels the upper structure relative to the undercarriage
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in newton metres (N · m).
3.1
...