ISO 16369:2000

Elevating work platforms - Mast-climbing work platforms

Matériels de mise à niveau — Plates-formes de travail se déplaçant le long de mât(s)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 05-Apr-2000
• Withdrawal Date: 05-Apr-2000
• ICS: 53.020.99 - Other lifting equipment
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 214 - Elevating work platforms
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 214 - Elevating work platforms
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 11-Oct-2007
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revised: ISO 16369:2007 - Elevating work platforms - Mast-climbing work platforms
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16369
First edition
2000-04-01
Elevating work platforms — Mast-climbing
work platforms
Matériels de mise à niveau — Plates-formes de travail se déplaçant le long
de mât(s)
Reference number
©
ISO 2000
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ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .2
3 Terms and definitions .3
4 List of hazards.7
5 Safety requirements and/or measures .10
5.1 Structural and stability calculations.10
5.2 General machine requirements, base frame, chassis and mast.18
5.3 Work platform.21
5.4 Drive systems for elevation.23
5.5 Means to prevent the work platform from falling with overspeed.26
5.6 Means for emergency lowering and raising the work platform .28
5.7 Overload/moment device .28
5.8 Electrical systems.30
5.9 Hydraulic system .31
5.10 Special requirements for safety devices depending on auxiliary circuits, and for
overload/moment devices.32
5.11 Travel limit switches.32
5.12 Controls .32
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures for each new model of MCWP.33
6.1 Design check.33
6.2 Practical tests.33
7 Information to be provided .35
7.1 Instruction handbook .35
7.2 Marking .41
Annex A (informative) Structural calculations .43
Annex B (normative) Special requirements for multilevel work platforms.59
Annex C (normative) Requirements for electrical and electronic aspects for overload-detection
devices.61
Annex D (informative) European equivalents to cited normative International Standards.64
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 16369 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 214, Elevating work platforms. It
has been published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) as EN 1495:1997.
Annexes B and C form a normative part of this International Standard. Annexes A and D are for information only.
iv © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This International Standard is one of a series of standards produced by ISO/TC 214 as part of its programme of
work regarding standardization of terminology, ratings, general principles (technical performance requirements and
risk assessment), safety requirements, test methods, maintenance and operation for elevating work platforms used
to raise (elevate) and position personnel (and related work tools and materials) to a work position where a work
task is to be performed.
The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this International Standard. In addition, lifting
equipment should comply as appropriate with ISO/TR 12100-1 and ISO/TR 12100-2 for hazards which are not
covered by this International Standard.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16369:2000(E)
Elevating work platforms — Mast-climbing work platforms
1 Scope
1.1 This International Standard specifies particular safety requirements for mast-climbing work platforms
(MCWP) which are temporarily installed and are manually or power-operated, and which are designed to be used
by one or more persons from which to carry out work.
NOTE The vertical-moving components (work platforms) are also used to move those same persons and their equipment
and materials to and from a single boarding point. These restrictions differentiate MCWPs from builder´s hoists.
This International Standard is also applicable to permanently installed MCWPs.
1.2 This International Standard is applicable to work platforms which are elevated by rack and pinion and guided
by and moved along their supporting masts, where the masts may or may not require lateral restraint from separate
supporting structures.
1.3 This International Standard is applicable to any combination of the following alternatives:
� one or more masts;
� mast tied or untied;
� mast of fixed or variable length;
o o
� masts vertical or inclined between 0 and 30 to the vertical;
� masts which are standing or hanging;
� movable or static base (chassis or base frame);
� manual or power-operated elevation;
� towed or self-powered ground travel on site, excluding road traffic regulation requirements;
� driven using electric, pneumatic or hydraulic motors.
1.4 This International Standard identifies the hazards arising during the various phases in the life of such
equipment and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards and for the use of safe working
practices.
1.5 This International Standard does not specify the requirements for dealing with the hazards involved in the
manoeuvring, erection or dismantling, fixing or removing of any materials or equipment which are not part of the
MCWP. Neither does it deal with the handling of specific hazardous materials.
1.6 This International Standard does not specify the requirements for delivering persons and materials to fixed
landing levels. Such equipment is referred to as lifts or hoists and is dealt with by other International Standards.
1.7 This International Standard does not apply to mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) in accordance with
ISO 16368, suspended access equipment in accordance with EN 1808 or lifting tables in accordance with
EN 1570.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 4301-1, Cranes and lifting appliances — Classification — Part 1: General.
ISO 4302, Cranes — Wind load assessment.
ISO 6336-1, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and
general influence factors.
ISO 6336-2, Calculation of the load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface durability
(pitting).
ISO 6336-3, Calculation of the load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending
strength.
ISO 6336-5, Calculation of the load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 5: Strength and quality of materials.
ISO 8686-1, Cranes — Design principles for loads and load combinations — Part 1: General.
ISO/TR 12100-1, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology,
methodology.
ISO/TR 12100-2:1992, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles and specifications.
ISO 13849-1:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for
design.
ISO 13852:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper
limbs.
ISO 13854, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body.
IEC 60065:1985, Safety requirements for mains-operated electronic and related apparatus for household and
similar general use.
IEC 60204-1:1997, Electrical equipment of industrial machines — Part 1: General requirements.
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code).
IEC 60947-5-1:1997, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching
elements — Electromechanical control circuit devices.
EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, General principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles and specifications (Amendment 1:1995).
EN 614-1:1995, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and general principles.
2 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

EN 953, Safety of machinery — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed movable guards.
EN 982, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components — Hydraulics.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE Elements of MCWPs defined below are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
3.1
rated load
load for which the MCWP has been designed for normal operation, as stated in the load diagram
3.2
load diagram
notice displayed on the work platform showing the permitted number of persons and the mass and distribution of
materials for the particular configuration
3.3
rated speed
vertical or horizontal speed for which the MCWP has been designed
3.4
transfer
any horizontal movement of the MCWP from one position to another on the same working site
3.5
transfer condition
configuration of the MCWP in which it is moved from one position to another on the same working site, including
any limitation on the weather and the load or persons on the MCWP
3.6
transport
any movement of the MCWP outside the boundaries of the working site
3.7
transport condition
configuration of the MCWP in which it is moved outside the boundaries of the working site
EXAMPLE Road transport.
3.8
transfer [transport] interlocks
any design features on the MCWP which prevent unsafe transfer [transport]
3.9
base frame
that part of the MCWP which provides support for the mast and elevating assembly
3.10
chassis
that part of the MCWP which provides mobility and support for the mast and elevating assembly
3.11
rail-mounted chassis
chassis designed to transmit horizontal as well as vertical force to the ground via rails
3.12
outrigger
support at the base-frame level used to maintain or increase the stability of the MCWP within specified conditions
NOTE Outriggers may also be used for levelling.
3.13
outrigger beam
that part of an outrigger assembly which moves in an essentially horizontal plane and may be powered or operated
manually
3.14
mast
structure that supports and guides the platform
3.15
fixed-length mast
mast whose length cannot be varied, even by the attachment of further mast sections
3.16
variable-length mast
mast whose length can be varied by the attachment of successive lengths of prepared sections
3.17
guide
part of the mast which provides guiding for the work platform
3.18
mast tie
anchorage system used to provide lateral restraint to the mast from a building or other structure
3.19
work platform
vertical travelling part of the installation upon which the persons, equipment and materials are carried and from
which work is carried out
NOTE The work platform includes the main platform and any platform extension, in contrast to the MCWP, which refers to
the whole of the installation, including work platform, mast, mast ties, base and chassis.
3.20
available platform area
area of the work platform, measured at the work platform floor level
3.21
main platform
that part of the work platform which is built up using primary structural elements
3.22
platform extension
additional part of the work platform which is built up using secondary structural elements, whose support and
location is dependent upon the main platform
NOTE Platform extensions are used to extend the main work platform, usually along its longitudinal working edge. They
may form irregular shapes which conform with the work site. They may also extend at a level just above or below the main
platform level.
4 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

3.23
multilevel work platform
two or more work platforms travelling on the same mast or an additional working level attached to and totally
supported by a work platform
NOTE For illustration, see annex B.
3.24
counter-roller
roller used to counteract the gear-meshing separation forces between a rack and pinion
3.25
automatic brake
device to decelerate and stop moving parts in case of interruption of the power supply
3.26
buffer
stop at the end of travel, comprising a resilient means of arrest using fluids, springs or similar means
3.27
overspeed
any speed above rated speed
3.28
overspeed governor
device which, when the work platform attains a predetermined speed above rated speed, causes the safety gear to
be applied
3.29
safety gear
mechanical device for stopping and maintaining the work platform stationary on the mast in the event of overspeed
3.30
competent person
person having the practical and theoretical knowledge and the experience of a particular MCWP needed to carry
out a function satisfactorily
3.31
user
user organization
person or organization which has direct control over use of the MCWP
Numbers correspond to terms and definitions given in clause 3.
Key
1 Removable handrails
Figure 1 — Typical single-mast MCWP
6 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

Numbers correspond to terms and definitions given in clause 3.
Figure 2 — Typical twin-mast MCWP
4 Listofhazards
The list of hazards according to the following tables are based on ISO/TR 12100-1 and ISO/TR 12100-2 and
EN 292-2;1991/A1:1995.
Table 1 lists the hazards which have been identified and where the corresponding requirements have been
formulated in this International Standard in order to limit the risk or reduce these hazards in each situation.
A hazard which is not applicable or is not significant and for which, therefore, no requirements are formulated, is
shown in the relevant clauses column as NA (not applicable).
Table 1 — List of hazards
Relevant clauses in
Hazard
this International Standard
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 Crushing
5.2.1.3; 5.3.2; 5.4.1
1.2 Shearing 5.2.1.3; 5.3.2; 5.4.1
1.3 Cutting or severing 5.3.2; 5.4.1
1.4 Entanglement 5.4.1
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping
5.2.1.3; 5.3.2; 5.4.1
1.6 Impact 5.4.4
1.7 Stabbing or puncture NA
1.8 Friction or abrasion NA
1.9 High-pressure fluid ejection
5.9.7; 5.9.8; 5.9.9; 5.9.10
1.10 Ejection of parts 5.2.1.4; 5.2.1.5
1.11 Loss of stability 5.1.5; 5.2.2.4; 5.2.5.5
1.12 Slip, trip and fall 5.2.2.1; 5.3.1
2 Electrical hazards
2.1 Electrical contact 5.8; 7.1.2.7
2.2 Electrostatic phenomena NA
2.3 Thermal radiation NA
2.4 External influences
5.7.15, annex C
3 Thermal hazards Relevant but not dealt with
4 Hazards generated by noise Relevant but not dealt with
5 Hazards generated by vibration 5.1.2.3.2
6 Hazards generated by radiation
NA
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances processed,
used or emitted by machinery
7.1 Contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes 5.9
and dusts
7.2 Fire or explosion NA
7.3 Biological and microbiological hazards
NA
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in
machine design
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 5.2.1.6; 5.2.5.2; 5.6.2; 5.12; 5.12.8
8.2 Inadequate consideration of human hand/arm or foot/leg anatomy NA
8.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment
5.12.8; 7.1.2.7; 7.1.2.12
8.4 Inadequate area lighting 7.1.2.6
8.5 Mental overload or underload, stress NA
8.6 Human error 5.2.2.1; 5.12
9 Hazard combinations
5.1.1.1; 5.1.1.2; 5.1.3
10 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply, breakdown of 5.1
machinery parts and other functional disorders
10.1 Failure of energy supply 5.2.2.1; 5.6; 5.8.1.4; 5.12.7
10.2 Unexpected ejection of machine parts or fluids 5.9.7; 5.9.8; 5.9.9; 5.9.10
10.3 Failure or malfunction of control system
5.2.1.5
10.4 Errors of fitting 5.1.5.1.5
10.5 Overturn, unexpected loss of machine stability 5.1.1.2; 5.1.5; 5.7
8 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

Relevant clauses in
Hazard
this International Standard
11 Hazards caused by missing and/or incorrectly positioned
safety-related measures/means
11.1 Guards 5.2.1.3; 5.3.2; 5.4.1; 7.1.2.1.2;
7.1.2.6; 7.1.2.9; 7.2.2
11.2 Safety-related (protection) devices 5.7
11.3 Starting and stopping devices 5.1.1; 5.3.4.9; 5.12
11.4 Safety signs and signals
5.2.2.7; 7.1.2.9
11.5 Information or warning devices 7.1.2.9
11.6 Energy-supply disconnecting devices 5.2.1.2; 5.8.1.2
11.7 Emergency devices 5.5; 5.6
11.8 Means of feeding/removal of work pieces
NA
11.9 Essential equipment and accessories for safe adjustment and/or 5.2.3.1; 5.4.2.10
maintenance
11.10 Equipment for evacuating gases NA
HAZARDS INVOLVING THE MOBILITY AND LOAD-LIFTING ABILITY OF MCWP
12 Inadequate lighting of moving/working area 7.1.2.6
13 Hazards due to sudden movement, instability, etc. during 5.1.5; 5.2.2.1; 5.2.2.3; 5.2.2.4; 5.4.3
handling
14 Inadequate/non-ergonomic design of operating position
14.1 Hazards due to dangerous environments (contact with moving 5.2.2
parts, exhaust gases, etc.)
14.2 Inadequate visibility from operator's position 5.12.2; 5.12.5
14.3 Inadequate seat/seating NA
14.4 Inadequate/non-ergonomic design/positioning of controls 5.12
14.5 Starting/moving of self-propelled machinery 5.12
14.6 Road traffic of self-propelled machinery 7.1.2.6; 7.1.2.12
14.7 Movement of pedestrian controlled machinery 7.1.2.6; 7.1.2.12
15 Mechanical hazards 5.1.1.1
15.1 Hazards to exposed persons due to uncontrolled movement 5.2.2.1; 5.2.4; 5.3.1.5; 5.4.1; 7.1.2.7
15.2 Hazards due to break-up and/or ejection of parts 5.2.1.4; 5.2.1.5; 5.2.2.3
15.3 Hazards due to rolling over (ROPS) 5.1.5
15.4 Hazards due to falling objects (FOPS) 7.1.2.7
15.5 Inadequate means of access 5.3.3; 5.3.4
15.6 Hazards due to towing, coupling, connecting, transmission, etc. 5.2.2.6
15.7 Hazards due to batteries, fire, emissions, etc. NA
16 Hazards due to lifting operations
16.1 Lack of stability 5.1.5; 5.1.1.2; 5.2.2.4; 5.2.2.5;
5.2.5.1
16.2 Derailment of machinery 5.2.2.4; 5.4.1.5; 5.4.2
16.3 Loss of mechanical strength of machinery and lifting accessories 5.1; 5.2.1.7; 5.2.1.8; 5.2.2.2; 5.2.2.3;
5.2.3.2; 5.2.3.3; 5.2.5.2; 5.2.5.3;
5.3.1.4; 5.4.2; 5.4.3
16.4 Hazards caused by uncontrolled movement 5.2.2.5; 5.2.4; 5.4.1; 5.11
17 Inadequate view of trajectories of the moving parts 5.12
18 Hazards caused by lightning 7.1.2
19 Hazards due to loading/overloading 5.7
Relevant clauses in
Hazard
this International Standard
HAZARDS INVOLVING THE LIFTING OF PERSONS BY MCWP
20 Overloading or overcrowding of the carrier 5.1.2, 5.7, 5.10, see annex C
21 Unexpected movement of the carrier in response to external 5.12.7
controls or other movements of the machine
22 Excess speed 5.4.1; 5.5; 5.6.3
23 Persons falling from the carrier 5.3
24 Falling or overturning of the carrier 5.2.2.3; 5.4.1; 5.5; 5.10; 5.11
25 Excess acceleration or braking of the carrier 5.2.2.4; 5.4.3.1.2; 5.4.4
26 Hazards due to imprecise markings 5.2.2.7; 7.2
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 Structural and stability calculations
5.1.1 General
5.1.1.1 All loads and forces which can occur in any allowed configuration during erection, operation, out-of-
service, dismantling and transfer shall be considered. This shall also include inclined or hanging masts.
5.1.1.2 The manufacturer shall be responsible for:
� stability calculations, in order to identify the various configurations of the MCWP and the combinations of loads
and deflections which together create conditions of instability;
� structural calculations, to evaluate the individual forces and to make allowance for deflections. All combinations
of forces shall be considered, including those which produce the most unfavourable stresses in the
components.
5.1.2 Loads and forces
The following loads and forces shall be taken into account.
5.1.2.1 Structural loads
The masses of the components of the MCWP when they are not moving are considered to be static structural
loads.
The masses of the components of the MCWP when they are moving are considered to be dynamic structural loads.
5.1.2.2 Rated load
5.1.2.2.1 The rated load for design purposes is:
m =(n�m )+ T+(2m )
p e
where
m = rated load, in kilograms;
m = 80 kg; mass of each person;
p
m = 40 kg; mass of personal equipment (for the first two persons only);
e
10 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

T = mass, in kilograms, of material and equipment on the work platform (excluding personal equipment);
n = number of persons on the work platform.
The mass of persons and the mass of equipment and material shall act simultaneously.
The minimum number of persons shall be two (2) for single-mast platforms and four (4) for multiple-mast platforms.
The mass of the personal equipment (m ) shall be assumed to act on the point coincident with each of the two
e
persons which give the highest stresses.
5.1.2.2.2 The mass of each person is assumed to act as a point load on the MCWP at a horizontal distance
0,1 m from the upper inside edge of the top guardrail. The distance between the point loads shall be 0,5 m (see the
example in Figure 3).
5.1.2.2.3 The mass T shall be evenly distributed over the entire area of the main platform, giving a specific load
per length t.
The centre of gravity of the mass T shall be assumed to act on a point 0,15 B (where B is the width of the main
platform) away from the longitudinal centreline of the main platform, on the side giving the highest stresses. See
Figure 4.
Calculations shall allow for the possibility that a reduced load giving an unbalanced loadcase may result in higher
stresses in some parts of the MCWP than a balanced rated loadcase would give.
For single-mast machines, the bending moment, M, on masts and platforms shall be calculated according to
equation (1), where L is the greater of the distances L and L in Figure 5.
max 1 2
For multiple-mast machines, the bending moment M, on masts and platforms shall be calculated according to
equations (2), (3), (4) in Figure 6. The factors 1,15 and 1,2 are used in equations (1), (2), (3), (4) in order to cover
the situations in use where, instead of a uniformly distributed load, a concentration of the same load is placed
elsewhere within that individual length.
Dimensions in metres
Figure 3 — Example of the distribution of persons on the main platform or platform extensions
Key
1 Centreline of main platform excluding any extension
Figure 4 — Eccentric loading normal to the centreline
tL�� 11, 5
max
Equation (1):
M �
max
T
Specific load
t �
L
Figure 5 — Loading in the longitudinal direction for single-mast machines
Equations:
2 2
tL�� 11, 5 tL�� 11, 5
1 3
(2) (4)
M � M �
1 3
2 2
tL�� 12, T
(3) Specific load
M � t �
8 L
Figure 6 — Loading in the longitudinal direction for multiple-mast machines
12 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

5.1.2.2.4 If the area of the main platform, or part of it, is increased by means of extensions, usually to the
longitudinal edge of the platform, the mass of the number of persons allowed on the platform, according to
5.1.2.2.1, shall be assumed to act on these longitudinal edges according to 5.1.2.2 2.
5.1.2.2.5 In order to provide long cantilever extensions of restricted width to reach more distant work points an
exception to 5.1.2.2.4 may be made, but shall be clearly explained on a sign easily visible on that particular
extension to the main platform. In no such case shall the load on the extension be calculated for less than two
persons (m ) carrying their personal equipment (m ). In order to restrict the available platform extension area, such
e
p
extensions shall not be more than 0,6 m wide. See Figure 7.
Dimensions in metres
Key
1 Main platform
2 Platform extension
Figure 7 — Long cantilever extensions
5.1.2.2.6 Where the manufacturer includes in his design provision for the use of a handling crane, then the mass
of the crane and the crane's rated load shall together be treated as part of the rated load of the MCWP. The
location of the force resulting from the use of the crane shall be dictated by the manufacturer's chosen mounting
positions for the crane supports.
5.1.2.3 Horizontal forces
5.1.2.3.1 Manual forces
The minimum value for the manual force is assumed to be 200 N for each of the first two persons on the platform
and 100 N for each additional person permitted on the work platform.
It is assumed that the force is applied at a height of 1,1 m above the floor of the work platform and acts in a
horizontal direction.
5.1.2.3.2 Forces from the use of power tools
Where the manufacturer of the MCWP permits the use of power tools which impose horizontal reaction forces on
the work platform which are in excess of those given in 5.1.2.3.1, then the manufacturer shall specify the maximum
force permitted. Application of the force shall be assumed at a minimum height of 1,1 m above the floor of the work
platform.
Such forces may be caused by the use of, for example:
� water-jetting equipment;
� sand- or grit-blasting equipment;
� mechanically assisted drilling machine;
� hammer-assisted drill;
� electrically driven hammer/breaker.
5.1.2.3.3 Forces from the use of weather-protection screens on the work platform
If the work platform is designed to permit the use of weather protection in the form of a roof over part of, or the
whole of, the platform, then the resulting wind forces shall be considered to act on walls which reach the full height,
from the work platform floor to the top of the roof. Wind forces shall be calculated according to 5.1.2.5 and 5.1.2.8.
For platform regions protected by such weather screens, the wind forces on persons, equipment and material
coming under the protection of these weather screens may be neglected.
The mass of the weather-protection screens shall be treated as part of the rated load.
5.1.2.4 Dynamic forces
Dynamic forces shall be taken into account by multiplying all moving masses by a dynamic factor of 1,15.
The term moving includes raising and lowering of the work platform and also transfer of the MCWP in its transfer
condition.
5.1.2.5 In-service wind loads
5.1.2.5.1 All MCWP used out-of-doors or otherwise exposed to wind whilst in service shall be regarded as being
affected by a minimum wind pressure in accordance with Table 2.
Table 2 — Minimum design in-service wind data
Installation Wind velocity Wind pressure
m/s
N/m
Free-standing or MCWP during 12,7 100
erection and dismantling
Tied MCWP 15,5 150
5.1.2.5.2 Wind forces are assumed to act horizontally at the centre of the windward area of the exposed
structural parts of the MCWP.
5.1.2.5.3 The windforce coefficients applied to areas exposed to the wind shall be in accordance with ISO 4302.
The windforce coefficient for persons exposed to the wind is 1,0.
5.1.2.5.4 The full area of one person is 0,7 m (0,4 m average width � 1,75 m height) with the centre of area
1,0 m above the work platform floor.
14 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

5.1.2.5.5 The exposed area of one person standing on a work platform behind an imperforate section of fencing
1,1 m high is 0,35 m , with the centre of area 1,45 m above the work platform floor.
5.1.2.5.6 The number of persons directly exposed to the wind is calculated as
a) the length of the side of the work platform exposed to the wind, rounded to the nearest 0,5 m and divided by
0,5 m, or
b) the number of persons allowed on the work platform if less than the number calculated in a).
5.1.2.5.7 If the number of persons permitted on the work platform is greater than in 5.1.2.5.6 a), a reducing
coefficient of 0,6 may be applied to the extra number of persons.
5.1.2.5.8 The wind force on exposed equipment and material on the work platform is calculated as 3 % of the
mass (T), acting horizontally at a height of 1,0 m above the work platform floor.
5.1.2.6 Loads and forces occurring during transfer conditions
Inertia forces plus any load permitted by the manufacturer on the work platform shall be taken into account when
the MCWP is subject to transfer conditions.
5.1.2.7 Erection and dismantling loads
The load for which the MCWP has been designed during erection and dismantling shall be recorded. Erection load
may be higher than rated load.
If a handling crane, as carried in 5.1.2.2.6, is used during erection and dismantling of the MCWP, then the crane's
mass and the rated load shall together be treated as part of the erection load.
5.1.2.8 Out-of-service wind loads
The wind pressure used for the calculations for out-of-service condition, with the work platform in a safe position,
shall be in accordance with Table 3.
The limiting wind pressure shall be considered in the most unfavourable direction.
Table 3 — Design out-of-service wind pressures
Height of member Wind Velocity Wind pressure
above ground level
m m/s
N/m
0to 20 35,8 800
over 20 to 100 42 1 100
over 100 45,9 1 300
NOTE The wind values given in Table 3 are minimum values for the central European
area and at low altitudes. In special cases, e.g. coastal areas or at higher altitudes,
information set out in specific national standards shall be used until relevant International
Standards are available.
5.1.2.9 Buffer forces
Buffer forces shall be calculated taking into account the characteristics of the buffer according to 5.4.4.
5.1.2.10 Action of the safety means according to 5.5
To determine the forces produced by an operation of these means, the sum total of all travelling masses shall be
multiplied by a factor of 2. A lower factor, but not less than 1,2, may be used if it can be verified by test under all
conditions of loading up to 1,5 times the rated load.
5.1.2.11 Inaccuracies in setting-up
For the purposes of calculation, an allowance of an additional 0,5° shall be made for user inaccuracy when erecting
the mast.
5.1.3 Load combinations and safety factors
The load combinations to be taken into consideration shall be as follows:
� load combination A1: MCWP in service without wind, static;
� load combination A2: MCWP in service without wind, dynamic;
� load combination B1: MCWP in service with wind, static;
� load combination B2: MCWP in service with wind, dynamic;
� load combination B3: MCWP during erection or dismantling;
� load combination B4: MCWP during transfer condition;
� load combination C1: MCWP striking the buffer whilst in service;
� load combination C2: MCWP during action of the safety means whilst in service;
� load combination C3: MCWP out of service.
The above load-combination references (A1, A2, B1, B2, etc.) are used in annex A as load case A, load case B
and load case C as appropriate.
In each load combination, the loads and forces acting on the MCWP shall be in accordance with Table 4. Safety
factors for structural steels and aluminium alloys are given in Table 5 and Table 6 respectively.
Table 4 — Load combinations that shall be taken into consideration
Load combination
Ref.
Loads
clause
A1 A2 B1 B2 B3 B4 C1 C2 C3
Structuralloads 5.1.2.1 X XXXX XXXX
Rated load 5.1.2.2 X X X X X X
Horizontal forces 5.1.2.3 X X
Dynamic forces 5.1.2.4 X X X X
In-service wind loads 5.1.2.5 X X X X
Loads and forces during transfer 5.1.2.6 X X
Erection and dismantling loads 5.1.2.7 X
Out-of-service wind loads 5.1.2.8 X
Buffer forces 5.1.2.9 X
Action of safety means 5.1.2.10 X
Inaccuraciesinsetting-up 5.1.2.11 X XXXX X
16 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

Table 5 — Safety factors for structural steels
Load case Safety factor
A1, A2 1,5
B1, B2, B3, B4 1,33
C1, C2, C3 1,25
Table 6 — Safety factors for structural aluminium alloys
Load case Safety factor
A1, A2 1,7
B1, B2, B3, B4 1,55
C1, C2, C3 1,4
5.1.4 Structural calculations
See annex A (informative).
5.1.5 Stability calculations
5.1.5.1 Calculation of forces
5.1.5.1.1 Forces causing overturning moments shall, when created by structural masses, be multiplied by a
factor of 1,1 and when created by rated loads be multiplied by a factor of 1,2. It must be remembered here that an
inclination of the mast from the vertical will result in an increasing overturning moment as the work platform travels
upwards.
All forces causing stabilizing moments shall be multiplied by a factor of 1,0.
5.1.5.1.2 Wind forces shall be multiplied by a factor of 1,2 and assumed to be acting horizontally.
5.1.5.1.3 Horizontal forces as detailed in 5.1.2.3 shall be multiplied by a factor of 1,2 and assumed to be acting
in the direction creating the greatest overturning moment.
5.1.5.1.4 Forces in accordance with 5.1.2.6 shall be treated in the same way as specified in 5.1.5.1.1, 5.1.5.1.2
and 5.1.5.1.3 as appropriate.
5.1.5.1.5 Inaccuracies in setting-up in accordance with 5.1.2.11 shall be taken into account in the stability
calculation.
5.1.5.2 Calculation of overturning and stabilizing moments
The maximum overturning and corresponding stabilizing moments shall be calculated about the most unfavourable
tipping lines.
The calculations shall be made with the MCWP in the most unfavourable configurations, with the maximum
allowable inclination of the chassis defined by the manufacturer. Every load and force combination, including
inaccuracy in setting-up, shall be taken into account in their most unfavourable combinations.
In each case the calculated stabilizing moment shall be greater than the calculated overturning moment.
5.2 General machine requirements, base frame, chassis and mast
5.2.1 General machine requirements
5.2.1.1 The MCWP and all parts belonging to it shall be calculated in accordance with 5.1.
5.2.1.2 MCWP shall be equipped with a permanently installed device on the work platform to switch off the
work platform and secure it against unauthorized use whilst out of service.
Similar devices shall be permanently installed at the chassis of self-propelled MCWP which isolates all movements
of the MCWP.
Such devices shall be secured by a padlock or similar device.
5.2.1.3 Trapping and shearing points between the chassis and work platform shall be avoided by providing
safe clearances or adequate guarding in accordance with ISO 13854 and EN 953.
If safe clearance or adequate guarding is not possible, then an acoustic warning device shall be fitted to the work
platform which at least gives a continuous warning when the work platform is moving within 2,5 m of the chassis.
Trapping, crushing and shearing points need only be considered at those areas within reach of persons on the
work platform or standing adjacent to the MCWP at ground level, or at other points of access.
5.2.1.4 Locking pins shall be designed to be mechanically secured against unintentional disengagement and
loss, e.g. by means of a split-pin locking nut, whilst in position. In addition, they shall be provided with means to
secure against unintentional loss when out of use, e.g. by means of a captive chain.
5.2.1.5 Where compression springs are used for a safety function, they shall be guided with secured ends.
Their design shall be such that if they break then the parts cannot coil into each other.
5.2.1.6 The design of all components that have to be handled during erection, e.g. mast sections, platform
components, erection cranes, shall have their masses assessed against manual handling. Where the permissible
mass for normal handling is exceeded, the manufacturer shall give recommendations in the instruction handbook
concerning suitable lifting equipment.
5.2.1.7 Where components are erected by means of lifting equipment, provision shall be made for adequate
attachment of the lifting equipment. This shall ensure that the component is securely attached and lifted in the
correct attitude for assembly.
5.2.1.8 Any dedicated lifting equipment shall be designed in accordance with ISO 8686-1 and ISO 4301-1 and
shall not impose loads on the MCWP structure for which the MCWP was not designed.
5.2.2 Base frame and chassis
5.2.2.1 General
If chains or belts are used in drive systems, inadvertent movements of the chassis shall be automatically prevented
if failure of a chain or belt occurs.
If powered and manual drive systems are provided for the same movement, interlocks shall prevent both systems
from being engaged at the same time.
After failure of the power supply, no inadvertent movement shall occur.
Walkways on the base frame or chassis shall be equipped with a slip-resistant surface.
18 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

5.2.2.2 Base frame
The base frame shall be equipped with fixings for safe and secure attachment of other parts of the construction
such as mast and outriggers.
5.2.2.3 Chassis
The chassis shall be equipped with fixings for safe and secure attachment of other parts of the construction such as
mast and outriggers.
Means shall be provided to ensure, or at least to give proper warning, that the MCWP is in the proper transfer (or
transport) condition.
If the platform must be locked at a position on the chassis during transport, then transport interlocks shall be
provided.
Means shall be provided to prevent instability of the MCWP due to failure of any tyre of the chassis, for example by
the provision of foam-filled tyres or by giving instructions in the user manual regarding use of outriggers.
5.2.2.4 Drive to wheels (excluding road transport)
The chassis shall be capable of being stopped and held stationary with a braking device under all ground
conditions and also the worst combination of horizontal speed and maximum gradient specified by the
manufacturer. The brakes shall only be released and kept released by an intended action. Under all other
conditions, the brake shall apply automatically. After being applied, the means of braking shall not depend on an
exhaustible energy source.
Acceleration and retardation must be within the manufacturer's stability criteria. It shall be possible to disengage
the drive to the wheels before towing the MCWP.
For rail-mounted chassis, means shall be provided to stop the machine safely at the limits of travel.
If axles are detachable, the chassis shall be equipped with fixings for safe and secure attachment of the axles
when they are in use.
5.2.2.5 Outriggers
Outriggers shall be
...