ISO 16369:2000
(Main)Elevating work platforms — Mast-climbing work platforms
Elevating work platforms — Mast-climbing work platforms
Matériels de mise à niveau — Plates-formes de travail se déplaçant le long de mât(s)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16369
First edition
2000-04-01
Elevating work platforms — Mast-climbing
work platforms
Matériels de mise à niveau — Plates-formes de travail se déplaçant le long
de mât(s)
Reference number
ISO 16369:2000(E)
©
ISO 2000
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .2
3 Terms and definitions .3
4 List of hazards.7
5 Safety requirements and/or measures .10
5.1 Structural and stability calculations.10
5.2 General machine requirements, base frame, chassis and mast.18
5.3 Work platform.21
5.4 Drive systems for elevation.23
5.5 Means to prevent the work platform from falling with overspeed.26
5.6 Means for emergency lowering and raising the work platform .28
5.7 Overload/moment device .28
5.8 Electrical systems.30
5.9 Hydraulic system .31
5.10 Special requirements for safety devices depending on auxiliary circuits, and for
overload/moment devices.32
5.11 Travel limit switches.32
5.12 Controls .32
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures for each new model of MCWP.33
6.1 Design check.33
6.2 Practical tests.33
7 Information to be provided .35
7.1 Instruction handbook .35
7.2 Marking .41
Annex A (informative) Structural calculations .43
Annex B (normative) Special requirements for multilevel work platforms.59
Annex C (normative) Requirements for electrical and electronic aspects for overload-detection
devices.61
Annex D (informative) European equivalents to cited normative International Standards.64
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 16369 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 214, Elevating work platforms. It
has been published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) as EN 1495:1997.
Annexes B and C form a normative part of this International Standard. Annexes A and D are for information only.
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is one of a series of standards produced by ISO/TC 214 as part of its programme of
work regarding standardization of terminology, ratings, general principles (technical performance requirements and
risk assessment), safety requirements, test methods, maintenance and operation for elevating work platforms used
to raise (elevate) and position personnel (and related work tools and materials) to a work position where a work
task is to be performed.
The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this International Standard. In addition, lifting
equipment should comply as appropriate with ISO/TR 12100-1 and ISO/TR 12100-2 for hazards which are not
covered by this International Standard.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16369:2000(E)
Elevating work platforms — Mast-climbing work platforms
1 Scope
1.1 This International Standard specifies particular safety requirements for mast-climbing work platforms
(MCWP) which are temporarily installed and are manually or power-operated, and which are designed to be used
by one or more persons from which to carry out work.
NOTE The vertical-moving components (work platforms) are also used to move those same persons and their equipment
and materials to and from a single boarding point. These restrictions differentiate MCWPs from builder´s hoists.
This International Standard is also applicable to permanently installed MCWPs.
1.2 This International Standard is applicable to work platforms which are elevated by rack and pinion and guided
by and moved along their supporting masts, where the masts may or may not require lateral restraint from separate
supporting structures.
1.3 This International Standard is applicable to any combination of the following alternatives:
� one or more masts;
� mast tied or untied;
� mast of fixed or variable length;
o o
� masts vertical or inclined between 0 and 30 to the vertical;
� masts which are standing or hanging;
� movable or static base (chassis or base frame);
� manual or power-operated elevation;
� towed or self-powered ground travel on site, excluding road traffic regulation requirements;
� driven using electric, pneumatic or hydraulic motors.
1.4 This International Standard identifies the hazards arising during the various phases in the life of such
equipment and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards and for the use of safe working
practices.
1.5 This International Standard does not specify the requirements for dealing with the hazards involved in the
manoeuvring, erection or dismantling, fixing or removing of any materials or equipment which are not part of the
MCWP. Neither does it deal with the handling of specific hazardous materials.
1.6 This International Standard does not specify the requirements for delivering persons and materials to fixed
landing levels. Such equipment is referred to as lifts or hoists and is dealt with by other International Standards.
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
1.7 This International Standard does not apply to mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) in accordance with
ISO 16368, suspended access equipment in accordance with EN 1808 or lifting tables in accordance with
EN 1570.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 4301-1, Cranes and lifting appliances — Classification — Part 1: General.
ISO 4302, Cranes — Wind load assessment.
ISO 6336-1, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and
general influence factors.
ISO 6336-2, Calculation of the load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface durability
(pitting).
ISO 6336-3, Calculation of the load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending
strength.
ISO 6336-5, Calculation of the load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 5: Strength and quality of materials.
ISO 8686-1, Cranes — Design principles for loads and load combinations — Part 1: General.
ISO/TR 12100-1, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology,
methodology.
ISO/TR 12100-2:1992, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles and specifications.
ISO 13849-1:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for
design.
ISO 13852:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper
limbs.
ISO 13854, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body.
IEC 60065:1985, Safety requirements for mains-operated electronic and related apparatus for household and
similar general use.
IEC 60204-1:1997, Electrical equipment of industrial machines — Part 1: General requirements.
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code).
IEC 60947-5-1:1997, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching
elements — Electromechanical control circuit devices.
EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, General principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles and specifications (Amendment 1:1995).
EN 614-1:1995, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and general principles.
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
EN 953, Safety of machinery — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed movable guards.
EN 982, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components — Hydraulics.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE Elements of MCWPs defined below are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
3.1
rated load
load for which the MCWP has been designed for normal operation, as stated in the load diagram
3.2
load diagram
notice displayed on the work platform showing the permitted number of persons and the mass and distribution of
materials for the particular configuration
3.3
rated speed
vertical or horizontal speed for which the MCWP has been designed
3.4
transfer
any horizontal movement of the MCWP from one position to another on the same working site
3.5
transfer condition
configuration of the MCWP in which it is moved from one position to another on the same working site, including
any limitation on the weather and the load or persons on the MCWP
3.6
transport
any movement of the MCWP outside the boundaries of the working site
3.7
transport condition
configuration of the MCWP in which it is moved outside the boundaries of the working site
EXAMPLE Road transport.
3.8
transfer [transport] interlocks
any design features on the MCWP which prevent unsafe transfer [transport]
3.9
base frame
that part of the MCWP which provides support for the mast and elevating assembly
3.10
chassis
that part of the MCWP which provides mobility and support for the mast and elevating assembly
3.11
rail-mounted chassis
chassis designed to transmit horizontal as well as vertical force to the ground via rails
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
3.12
outrigger
support at the base-frame level used to maintain or increase the stability of the MCWP within specified conditions
NOTE Outriggers may also be used for levelling.
3.13
outrigger beam
that part of an outrigger assembly which moves in an essentially horizontal plane and may be powered or operated
manually
3.14
mast
structure that supports and guides the platform
3.15
fixed-length mast
mast whose length cannot be varied, even by the attachment of further mast sections
3.16
variable-length mast
mast whose length can be varied by the attachment of successive lengths of prepared sections
3.17
guide
part of the mast which provides guiding for the work platform
3.18
mast tie
anchorage system used to provide lateral restraint to the mast from a building or other structure
3.19
work platform
vertical travelling part of the installation upon which the persons, equipment and materials are carried and from
which work is carried out
NOTE The work platform includes the main platform and any platform extension, in contrast to the MCWP, which refers to
the whole of the installation, including work platform, mast, mast ties, base and chassis.
3.20
available platform area
area of the work platform, measured at the work platform floor level
3.21
main platform
that part of the work platform which is built up using primary structural elements
3.22
platform extension
additional part of the work platform which is built up using secondary structural elements, whose support and
location is dependent upon the main platform
NOTE Platform extensions are used to extend the main work platform, usually along its longitudinal working edge. They
may form irregular shapes which conform with the work site. They may also extend at a level just above or below the main
platform level.
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
3.23
multilevel work platform
two or more work platforms travelling on the same mast or an additional working level attached to and totally
supported by a work platform
NOTE For illustration, see annex B.
3.24
counter-roller
roller used to counteract the gear-meshing separation forces between a rack and pinion
3.25
automatic brake
device to decelerate and stop moving parts in case of interruption of the power supply
3.26
buffer
stop at the end of travel, comprising a resilient means of arrest using fluids, springs or similar means
3.27
overspeed
any speed above rated speed
3.28
overspeed governor
device which, when the work platform attains a predetermined speed above rated speed, causes the safety gear to
be applied
3.29
safety gear
mechanical device for stopping and maintaining the work platform stationary on the mast in the event of overspeed
3.30
competent person
person having the practical and theoretical knowledge and the experience of a particular MCWP needed to carry
out a function satisfactorily
3.31
user
user organization
person or organization which has direct control over use of the MCWP
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
Numbers correspond to terms and definitions given in clause 3.
Key
1 Removable handrails
Figure 1 — Typical single-mast MCWP
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
Numbers correspond to terms and definitions given in clause 3.
Figure 2 — Typical twin-mast MCWP
4 Listofhazards
The list of hazards according to the following tables are based on ISO/TR 12100-1 and ISO/TR 12100-2 and
EN 292-2;1991/A1:1995.
Table 1 lists the hazards which have been identified and where the corresponding requirements have been
formulated in this International Standard in order to limit the risk or reduce these hazards in each situation.
A hazard which is not applicable or is not significant and for which, therefore, no requirements are formulated, is
shown in the relevant clauses column as NA (not applicable).
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
Table 1 — List of hazards
Relevant clauses in
Hazard
this International Standard
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 Crushing
5.2.1.3; 5.3.2; 5.4.1
1.2 Shearing 5.2.1.3; 5.3.2; 5.4.1
1.3 Cutting or severing 5.3.2; 5.4.1
1.4 Entanglement 5.4.1
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping
5.2.1.3; 5.3.2; 5.4.1
1.6 Impact 5.4.4
1.7 Stabbing or puncture NA
1.8 Friction or abrasion NA
1.9 High-pressure fluid ejection
5.9.7; 5.9.8; 5.9.9; 5.9.10
1.10 Ejection of parts 5.2.1.4; 5.2.1.5
1.11 Loss of stability 5.1.5; 5.2.2.4; 5.2.5.5
1.12 Slip, trip and fall 5.2.2.1; 5.3.1
2 Electrical hazards
2.1 Electrical contact 5.8; 7.1.2.7
2.2 Electrostatic phenomena NA
2.3 Thermal radiation NA
2.4 External influences
5.7.15, annex C
3 Thermal hazards Relevant but not dealt with
4 Hazards generated by noise Relevant but not dealt with
5 Hazards generated by vibration 5.1.2.3.2
6 Hazards generated by radiation
NA
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances processed,
used or emitted by machinery
7.1 Contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes 5.9
and dusts
7.2 Fire or explosion NA
7.3 Biological and microbiological hazards
NA
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in
machine design
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 5.2.1.6; 5.2.5.2; 5.6.2; 5.12; 5.12.8
8.2 Inadequate consideration of human hand/arm or foot/leg anatomy NA
8.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment
5.12.8; 7.1.2.7; 7.1.2.12
8.4 Inadequate area lighting 7.1.2.6
8.5 Mental overload or underload, stress NA
8.6 Human error 5.2.2.1; 5.12
9 Hazard combinations
5.1.1.1; 5.1.1.2; 5.1.3
10 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply, breakdown of 5.1
machinery parts and other functional disorders
10.1 Failure of energy supply 5.2.2.1; 5.6; 5.8.1.4; 5.12.7
10.2 Unexpected ejection of machine parts or fluids 5.9.7; 5.9.8; 5.9.9; 5.9.10
10.3 Failure or malfunction of control system
5.2.1.5
10.4 Errors of fitting 5.1.5.1.5
10.5 Overturn, unexpected loss of machine stability 5.1.1.2; 5.1.5; 5.7
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
Relevant clauses in
Hazard
this International Standard
11 Hazards caused by missing and/or incorrectly positioned
safety-related measures/means
11.1 Guards 5.2.1.3; 5.3.2; 5.4.1; 7.1.2.1.2;
7.1.2.6; 7.1.2.9; 7.2.2
11.2 Safety-related (protection) devices 5.7
11.3 Starting and stopping devices 5.1.1; 5.3.4.9; 5.12
11.4 Safety signs and signals
5.2.2.7; 7.1.2.9
11.5 Information or warning devices 7.1.2.9
11.6 Energy-supply disconnecting devices 5.2.1.2; 5.8.1.2
11.7 Emergency devices 5.5; 5.6
11.8 Means of feeding/removal of work pieces
NA
11.9 Essential equipment and accessories for safe adjustment and/or 5.2.3.1; 5.4.2.10
maintenance
11.10 Equipment for evacuating gases NA
HAZARDS INVOLVING THE MOBILITY AND LOAD-LIFTING ABILITY OF MCWP
12 Inadequate lighting of moving/working area 7.1.2.6
13 Hazards due to sudden movement, instability, etc. during 5.1.5; 5.2.2.1; 5.2.2.3; 5.2.2.4; 5.4.3
handling
14 Inadequate/non-ergonomic design of operating position
14.1 Hazards due to dangerous environments (contact with moving 5.2.2
parts, exhaust gases, etc.)
14.2 Inadequate visibility from operator's position 5.12.2; 5.12.5
14.3 Inadequate seat/seating NA
14.4 Inadequate/non-ergonomic design/positioning of controls 5.12
14.5 Starting/moving of self-propelled machinery 5.12
14.6 Road traffic of self-propelled machinery 7.1.2.6; 7.1.2.12
14.7 Movement of pedestrian controlled machinery 7.1.2.6; 7.1.2.12
15 Mechanical hazards 5.1.1.1
15.1 Hazards to exposed persons due to uncontrolled movement 5.2.2.1; 5.2.4; 5.3.1.5; 5.4.1; 7.1.2.7
15.2 Hazards due to break-up and/or ejection of parts 5.2.1.4; 5.2.1.5; 5.2.2.3
15.3 Hazards due to rolling over (ROPS) 5.1.5
15.4 Hazards due to falling objects (FOPS) 7.1.2.7
15.5 Inadequate means of access 5.3.3; 5.3.4
15.6 Hazards due to towing, coupling, connecting, transmission, etc. 5.2.2.6
15.7 Hazards due to batteries, fire, emissions, etc. NA
16 Hazards due to lifting operations
16.1 Lack of stability 5.1.5; 5.1.1.2; 5.2.2.4; 5.2.2.5;
5.2.5.1
16.2 Derailment of machinery 5.2.2.4; 5.4.1.5; 5.4.2
16.3 Loss of mechanical strength of machinery and lifting accessories 5.1; 5.2.1.7; 5.2.1.8; 5.2.2.2; 5.2.2.3;
5.2.3.2; 5.2.3.3; 5.2.5.2; 5.2.5.3;
5.3.1.4; 5.4.2; 5.4.3
16.4 Hazards caused by uncontrolled movement 5.2.2.5; 5.2.4; 5.4.1; 5.11
17 Inadequate view of trajectories of the moving parts 5.12
18 Hazards caused by lightning 7.1.2
19 Hazards due to loading/overloading 5.7
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
Relevant clauses in
Hazard
this International Standard
HAZARDS INVOLVING THE LIFTING OF PERSONS BY MCWP
20 Overloading or overcrowding of the carrier 5.1.2, 5.7, 5.10, see annex C
21 Unexpected movement of the carrier in response to external 5.12.7
controls or other movements of the machine
22 Excess speed 5.4.1; 5.5; 5.6.3
23 Persons falling from the carrier 5.3
24 Falling or overturning of the carrier 5.2.2.3; 5.4.1; 5.5; 5.10; 5.11
25 Excess acceleration or braking of the carrier 5.2.2.4; 5.4.3.1.2; 5.4.4
26 Hazards due to imprecise markings 5.2.2.7; 7.2
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 Structural and stability calculations
5.1.1 General
5.1.1.1 All loads and forces which can occur in any allowed configuration during erection, operation, out-of-
service, dismantling and transfer shall be considered. This shall also include inclined or hanging masts.
5.1.1.2 The manufacturer shall be responsible for:
� stability calculations, in order to identify the various configurations of the MCWP and the combinations of loads
and deflections which together create conditions of instability;
� structural calculations, to evaluate the individual forces and to make allowance for deflections. All combinations
of forces shall be considered, including those which produce the most unfavourable stresses in the
components.
5.1.2 Loads and forces
The following loads and forces shall be taken into account.
5.1.2.1 Structural loads
The masses of the components of the MCWP when they are not moving are considered to be static structural
loads.
The masses of the components of the MCWP when they are moving are considered to be dynamic structural loads.
5.1.2.2 Rated load
5.1.2.2.1 The rated load for design purposes is:
m =(n�m )+ T+(2m )
p e
where
m = rated load, in kilograms;
m = 80 kg; mass of each person;
p
m = 40 kg; mass of personal equipment (for the first two persons only);
e
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
T = mass, in kilograms, of material and equipment on the work platform (excluding personal equipment);
n = number of persons on the work platform.
The mass of persons and the mass of equipment and material shall act simultaneously.
The minimum number of persons shall be two (2) for single-mast platforms and four (4) for multiple-mast platforms.
The mass of the personal equipment (m ) shall be assumed to act on the point coincident with each of the two
e
persons which give the highest stresses.
5.1.2.2.2 The mass of each person is assumed to act as a point load on the MCWP at a horizontal distance
0,1 m from the upper inside edge of the top guardrail. The distance between the point loads shall be 0,5 m (see the
example in Figure 3).
5.1.2.2.3 The mass T shall be evenly distributed over the entire area of the main platform, giving a specific load
per length t.
The centre of gravity of the mass T shall be assumed to act on a point 0,15 B (where B is the width of the main
platform) away from the longitudinal centreline of the main platform, on the side giving the highest stresses. See
Figure 4.
Calculations shall allow for the possibility that a reduced load giving an unbalanced loadcase may result in higher
stresses in some parts of the MCWP than a balanced rated loadcase would give.
For single-mast machines, the bending moment, M, on masts and platforms shall be calculated according to
equation (1), where L is the greater of the distances L and L in Figure 5.
max 1 2
For multiple-mast machines, the bending moment M, on masts and platforms shall be calculated according to
equations (2), (3), (4) in Figure 6. The factors 1,15 and 1,2 are used in equations (1), (2), (3), (4) in order to cover
the situations in use where, instead of a uniformly distributed load, a concentration of the same load is placed
elsewhere within that individual length.
Dimensions in metres
Figure 3 — Example of the distribution of persons on the main platform or platform extensions
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
Key
1 Centreline of main platform excluding any extension
Figure 4 — Eccentric loading normal to the centreline
2
tL�� 11, 5
max
Equation (1):
M �
max
2
T
Specific load
t �
L
Figure 5 — Loading in the longitudinal direction for single-mast machines
Equations:
2 2
tL�� 11, 5 tL�� 11, 5
1 3
(2) (4)
M � M �
1 3
2 2
2
tL�� 12, T
2
(3) Specific load
M � t �
2
8 L
Figure 6 — Loading in the longitudinal direction for multiple-mast machines
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ISO 16369:2000(E)
5.1.2.2.4 If the area of the main platform, or part of it, is increased by means of extensions, usually to the
longitudinal edge of the platform, the mass of the number of persons allowed on the platform, according to
5.1.2.2.1, shall be assumed to act on these longitudinal edges according to 5.1.2.2 2.
5.1.2.2.5 In order to provide long cantilever extensions of restricted width to reach more distant work points an
exception to 5.1.2.2.4 may be made, but shall be clearly explained on a sign easily visible on that particular
extension to the main platform. In no such case shall the load on the extension be calculated for less than two
persons (m ) carrying their personal equipment (m ). In order to restrict the available platform extension area, such
e
p
ext
...
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