ISO 14448:2016

Low modulus adhesives for exterior tile finishing

ISO 14448:2016 specifies a quality standard and test methods for a low modulus adhesive composed of chemical reaction resins and used for the installation of tiles to exterior walls.

Adhésifs à faible module d'élasticité pour le collage extérieur des carreaux céramiques

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 18-Oct-2016
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• ICS: 91.100.23 - Ceramic tiles
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 189 - Ceramic tile
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 189/WG 9 - Low modulus adhesives for exterior tile finishing
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Completion Date: 17-Jul-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14448
First edition
2016-10-15
Low modulus adhesives for exterior
tile finishing
Adhésifs à faible module d’élasticité pour le collage extérieur des
carreaux céramiques
Reference number
ISO 14448:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016

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ISO 14448:2016(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
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www.iso.org
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ISO 14448:2016(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Classification and designation . 2
5 Requirement . 2
6 General test conditions and procedures . 3
6.1 Testing conditions . 3
6.2 Test materials . 3
6.2.1 General. 3
6.2.2 Cement mortar substrate . 4
6.2.3 Ceramic tiles . 4
6.2.4 Fibre cement flat sheets. 4
6.3 Notched trowel . 4
6.4 Pull head plate . 4
7 Test methods . 5
7.1 Shelf life . 5
7.2 Mixing homogeneity inspection . 5
7.3 Adhesive strength . 5
7.3.1 Materials for the testing . 5
7.3.2 Preparation of test pieces. 6
7.3.3 Curing of test assembly . 7
7.3.4 Treating of test assembly . 7
7.3.5 Adhesive strength . 8
7.4 Cured film test .12
7.4.1 Preparation of sample .12
7.4.2 Tensile test .13
7.5 Heat stability .15
7.5.1 Materials for the testing .15
7.5.2 Preparation of test pieces.15
7.6 Slip test .16
7.6.1 Materials for the testing .16
7.6.2 Preparation of test pieces and test procedure .17
7.7 Pot-life (2 component adhesives) .17
7.7.1 General.17
7.7.2 Apparatus .17
7.7.3 Procedure .18
7.8 Open time (1 component adhesives) .18
7.8.1 Materials for the testing .18
7.8.2 Preparation of test pieces and testing procedure .18
7.8.3 Determination of open time .19
7.9 Density .19
8 Nomenclature of product .19
9 Labeling .19
10 Handling precaution .19
Bibliography .20
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ISO 14448:2016(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 189, Ceramic tile.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14448:2016(E)
Low modulus adhesives for exterior tile finishing
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a quality standard and test methods for a low modulus adhesive
composed of chemical reaction resins and used for the installation of tiles to exterior walls.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 37:2011, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tensile stress-strain properties
ISO 188:2011, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests
ISO 679:2009, Cement — Test methods — Determination of strength
ISO 2811-1, Paints and varnishes — Determination of density — Part 1: Pycnometer method
ISO 6344-2, Coated abrasives — Grain size analysis — Part 2: Determination of grain size distribution of
macrogrits P12 to P220
ISO 8336, Fibre-cement flat sheets — Product specification and test methods
ISO 10364:2007, Structural adhesives — Determination of the pot life (working life) of multi-component
adhesives
ISO 13006, Ceramic tiles — Definitions, classification, characteristics and marking
ISO 21948, Coated abrasives — Plain sheets
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
pot-life
time interval during which the adhesive can be used after mixing
3.2
open time
maximum time interval after application at which tiles can be embedded in the applied adhesive and
meet the specified tensile adhesion strength requirement
3.3
shelf life
time of storage under stated conditions during which an adhesive may be expected to maintain its
working properties
3.4
slip
downward movement of a tile applied to a combed adhesive layer on a vertical surface
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ISO 14448:2016(E)

3.5
reaction resin adhesive
single- or multi-component mixture of synthetic resin, mineral fillers and organic additives in which
curing occurs by chemical reaction
3.6
notched trowel
toothed tool, which makes it possible to apply the adhesive as a series of ribs of a uniform thickness
onto the fixing surface and/or the reverse face of the tile
3.7
cohesive failure ratio
percentage of total cohesive failure area of adhesive, substrate or tile, over total adhesion area
3.8
low modulus adhesive
adhesives curing to elastomeric rubbery film which has minimum 35 % of elongation at tensile testing
break point
3.9
cement
finely ground inorganic material that, when mixed with water, forms a paste that sets by means of
hydration reactions and processes, and that, after hardening, retains its strength and stability, even
under water
Note 1 to entry: Cement for mortar substrate shall be Portland cement which is specified in ASTM C150 type 1.
[SOURCE: ISO 6707-1:2014, 6.4.16, modified]
4 Classification and designation
Adhesives shall be sorted into four groups as shown in Table 1, based on the principal components and
the reaction modes.
Table 1 — Grouping of tile adhesive
Sort Remarks
Polyurethane resin 1 component reaction-cure Urethane resin based 1 component adhesive
2 component reaction-cure Urethane resin based 2 component adhesive
Silyl terminated 1 component reaction-cure Silyl terminated polymers based 1 component
polymers adhesive
(exclude silicone) 2 component reaction-cure Silyl terminated polymers based 2 component
adhesive
5 Requirement
The adhesives shall meet the requirements of Table 2.
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ISO 14448:2016(E)

Table 2 — Product requirements
Property Requirement Test
method
Shelf life Homogeneous with no gelling, 7.1
Less than 5 % weight change,
Mixing homogeneity inspection (2 component adhesives) Homogeneous after mixing 7.2
2
Adhesive Standard curing 0,60 N/mm or higher and 75 % or 7.3
strength more cohesive failure ratio
2
Low temperature curing 0,40 N/mm or higher and 50 % or
more cohesive failure ratio
2
Alkaline warm water immersion 0,40 N/mm or higher and 50 % or
more cohesive failure ratio
2
Freeze-thaw cycles 0,40 N/mm or higher and 50 % or
more cohesive failure ratio
2
Heat aging 0,40 N/mm or higher and 50 % or
more cohesive failure ratio
2
Cured Tensile Tensile strength 0,60 N/mm or higher 7.4
film property
Elongation at break 35 % or more
property
2
Cold Tensile Test temp: 80 °C 0,60 N/mm or higher
and hot strength
2
Test temp: –20 °C 0,60 N/mm or higher
resistance
Elongation Test temp: 80 °C 35 % or more
at break
Test temp: –20 °C 35 % or more
2
Tensile Tensile Immersion in 0,40 N/mm or higher
property strength alkaline water
after
2
Heat aging 0,40 N/mm or higher
treatment
Elongation Immersion in 25 % or more
at break alkaline water
Heat aging 25 % or more
Heat stability 4 weeks of stable tile maintenance at 7.5
80 °C , under 1 kg load
Slip No slip 7.6
Pot-life (2 component adhesives) Time indicated on the label 7.7
Open time (1 component adhesives) Time indicated on the label 7.8
Density Density indicated on the label 7.9
6 General test conditions and procedures
6.1 Testing conditions
Standard conditions shall be (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % relative humidity (RH). Other test conditions
may be specified in Clause 7.
6.2 Test materials
6.2.1 General
Condition all test materials including water for at least 24 h under standard conditions. The adhesive to
be tested shall be within its shelf life, where this is specified.
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ISO 14448:2016(E)

6.2.2 Cement mortar substrate
Mold a block in a 70 mm × 70 mm × 20 mm metal frame by pouring mortar specified in ISO 679:2009,
Clause 6 and cure it at (20 ± 3) °C and at least 80 % RH for 24 h before taking it out. Then, cure the
block in water at (20 ± 3) °C for 7 d. Then, condition for two weeks at (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 10) % RH.
Polish the surface well using sandpaper as specified in ISO 21948 with a P150 grain size specified in
ISO 6344-2, to remove any efflorescence or release agents from the surface.
6.2.3 Ceramic tiles
The tiles used for this test shall be Group BIa tiles complying with ISO 13006 with water absorption
less than 0,5 % by mass. The tiles shall be checked prior to conditioning to ensure that they are unused,
clean and dry.
6.2.4 Fibre cement flat sheets
The fibre cement flat sheets shall be category C as defined in ISO 8336 with a thickness of 8 mm.
6.3 Notched trowel
The adhesive spreading tool for the test shall be a common comb trowel of which the blade is made of
steel or similar and of dimensions as shown in Figure 1. A different comb trowel may be used if specified
in the instruction of the adhesive manufacturer.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
l 5 to 7
1
l 0,5
2
Figure 1 — Common comb trowel
6.4 Pull head plate
Square metallic plates, with dimensions of (40 ± 1) mm × (40 ± 1) mm with a suitable fitting for
connection to the test machine. The dimensions of the block are shown in Figure 2.
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ISO 14448:2016(E)

Dimension in millimetres
Key
1 metallic plates
Figure 2 — Pull head plate
7 Test methods
7.1 Shelf life
Store the adhesive for four weeks in the original unopened package at (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 10) % RH
for the first two weeks and at (50 ± 2) °C and (85 ± 5) % RH for the next two weeks. After the storage
period, place approximately 100 g adhesive on the glass plate with dimensions 100 mm × 100 mm × 5
mm and immediately spread the adhesive to about 1 mm layer using a suitable paddle. Inspect the layer
for any gel and foreign matters. This test is applicable only to the 1 component adhesives.
7.2 Mixing homogeneity inspection
Take base resin and hardener in an approximate volume
...