ISO/FDIS 23826
(Main)Gas cylinders -- Ball valves -- Specification and testing
Gas cylinders -- Ball valves -- Specification and testing
Bouteilles à gaz -- Robinets à boisseau sphérique -- Spécifications et essais
General Information
Standards Content (sample)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 23826
ISO/TC 58/SC 2
Gas cylinders — Ball valves —
Secretariat: AFNOR
Specification and testing
Voting begins on:
20210726
Bouteilles à gaz — Robinets à boisseau sphérique — Spécifications et
essais
Voting terminates on:
20210920
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ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2021
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ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
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ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Valve description .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
5 Valve design requirements ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7
5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.2 Materials ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.3 Valve connections ................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
5.4 Mechanical strength ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.4.1 Resistance to hydraulic burst pressure ........................................................................................................ 8
5.4.2 Resistance to mechanical impact ....................................................................................................................... 9
5.5 Valve operating mechanism ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.6 Valve operating device ...................................................................................................................................................................10
5.7 Leakage .......................................................................................................................................................................................................10
5.8 Securing arrangements .................................................................................................................................................................10
5.9 Manufacturing tests and examinations ...........................................................................................................................11
6 Type testing.............................................................................................................................................................................................................11
6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................11
6.2 Documentation ....................................................................................................................................................................................13
6.3 Test samples ...........................................................................................................................................................................................13
6.4 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................14
6.5 Test temperatures .............................................................................................................................................................................14
6.6 Test pressures .......................................................................................................................................................................................14
6.6.1 Valve burst test pressure .......................................................................................................................................14
6.6.2 Valve test pressure ......................................................................................................................................................14
6.7 Test gases ..................................................................................................................................................................................................14
6.7.1 Gas quality ..........................................................................................................................................................................14
6.7.2 Leak tightness tests ....................................................................................................................................................15
6.7.3 Endurance tests .............................................................................................................................................................15
6.8 Test schedule .........................................................................................................................................................................................15
6.9 Hydraulic burst pressure test ..................................................................................................................................................16
6.10 Flame impingement test ..............................................................................................................................................................16
6.11 Excessive torque test ......................................................................................................................................................................16
6.12 Leak tightness test ............................................................................................................................................................................17
6.12.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................17
6.12.2 Internal leak tightness test .................. .................................................................................................................17
6.12.3 External leak tightness test..................................................................................................................................18
6.13 Endurance test .....................................................................................................................................................................................19
6.14 Visual examination ...........................................................................................................................................................................19
7 Marking .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................19
8 Operating instructions ................................................................................................................................................................................20
Annex A (normative) Endurance test machine .......................................................................................................................................21
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................23
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ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 58, Gas cylinders, Subcommittee SC 2,
Cylinder fittings, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 23, Transportable gas cylinders, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
Introduction
This document covers the function of a ball valve as a closure (defined by the UN Model Regulations).
It is possible that additional features of ball valves (e.g. pressure regulators, residual pressure devices,
non-return devices, pressure relief devices) are covered by other standards or regulations.
Ball valves conforming to this document can be expected to perform satisfactorily under normal
service conditions.This document pays particular attention to:
a) safety (mechanical strength, impact strength, endurance, leak tightness, resistance to acetylene
decomposition);b) suitability of materials;
c) testing;
d) marking.
[29]
This document has been written so that it is suitable to be referenced in the UN Model Regulations .
In this document the unit bar is used, due to its universal use in the field of technical gases. It should,
however, be noted that bar is not an SI unit, and that the corresponding SI unit for pressure is Pa
5 5 2(1 bar = 10 Pa = 10 N/m ).
Pressure values given in this document are given as gauge pressure (pressure exceeding atmospheric
pressure) unless noted otherwise.Tests and examinations performed to demonstrate conformity to this document shall be conducted
using instruments calibrated before being put into service and thereafter according to an established
programme.Any tolerances given in this document include measurement uncertainties.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
Gas cylinders — Ball valves — Specification and testing
1 Scope
This document specifies design, type testing, marking, manufacturing tests and examinations
requirements for ball valves used as:a) closures of refillable transportable gas cylinders, pressure drums and tubes;
b) main valves for cylinder bundles;
a) c) valves for cargo transport units [e.g. trailers, battery vehicles, multi-element gas containers
(MEGCs)];which convey compressed gases, liquefied gases and dissolved gases.
NOTE 1 In this document, the term “valve” is used with the meaning of “ball valve”.
This document does not apply to ball valves for:— oxidizing gases as defined in ISO 10156;
— toxic gases (i.e. gases listed in ISO 10298 having an LC value ≤ 5 000 ppm );
— acetylene for single gas cylinders, pressure drums and tubes.
NOTE 2 The reason for the exclusion of oxidizing gases is that the use of ball valves as closures of high-
pressure cylinders for oxidizing gases is known to lead to specific ignition hazards that cannot reasonably be
mitigated through the ball valve design or type testing. Safety hazards concern both the ball valve itself and any
downstream equipment.NOTE 3 The reason for the exclusion of acetylene for single gas cylinders, pressure drums and tubes is that the
risk of an acetylene decomposition cannot reasonably be mitigated through the ball valve design or type testing.
This document does not apply to ball valves for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), cryogenic equipment,
portable fire extinguishers and cylinders for breathing apparatus.NOTE 4 Requirements for valves for cryogenic vessels are specified in ISO 21011.
NOTE 5 Certain specific requirements for quick-release valves for fixed fire-fighting systems in addition to
those that are given in this document are specified in ISO 16003.2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1481, Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 10286, Gas cylinders — TerminologyISO 105243, Pressure regulators for use with medical gases — Part 3: Pressure regulators integrated with
cylinder valves (VIPRs)1) ppm = parts per million.
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ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
ISO 111141, Gas cylinders — Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents — Part 1:
Metallic materialsISO 111142, Gas cylinders — Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents — Part 2:
Non-metallic materialsISO 14246, Gas cylinders — Cylinder valves — Manufacturing tests and examinations
ISO 15615:— , Gas welding equipment — Acetylene manifold systems for welding, cutting and allied
processes — Safety requirements in high-pressure devicesISO 22435, Gas cylinders — Cylinder valves with integrated pressure regulators — Specification and type
testing3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10286 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
ball valve
valve which uses the rotation of a ball with a through-passage to allow or shut-off flow through it
Note 1 to entry: Ball valves can have multiple ports.3.2
main valve
valve which is fitted to the manifold of a bundle, battery vehicle, battery wagon or multi-element gas
container isolating it from the main connection(s)[SOURCE: ISO 10286:— , 3.1.5.4]
3.3
valve operating mechanism
mechanism which rotates the ball and which includes the external sealing systems and
can include the internal sealing systems3.4
valve operating device
component which actuates the valve operating mechanism (3.3)
EXAMPLE Handle/lever, handwheel/knob, key or actuator.
[SOURCE: ISO 10297:2014, 3.3, modified — The example has been changed.]
3.5
stop mechanism
system which limits the position of the valve operating mechanism (3.3)
EXAMPLE Stop pin and stop plate, mechanical stop in valve body and counterpart in handle/lever.
2) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 15615:2020.3) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/FDIS 10286:2021.
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ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
3.6
external leak tightness
leak tightness to atmosphere (leakage in and/or leakage out) when the valve is open
[SOURCE: ISO 10297:2014, 3.4, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]3.7
internal leak tightness
leak tightness across the seat (leakage in and/or leakage out) when the valve is closed
[SOURCE: ISO 10297:2014, 3.5, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]3.8
valve working pressure
settled pressure of a compressed gas at a uniform reference temperature of 15 °C in a full pressure
receptacle for which the valve is intendedNote 1 to entry: This definition does not apply to liquefied gases (e.g. carbon dioxide), or dissolved gases (e.g.
acetylene).[SOURCE: ISO 10297:2014, 3.6, modified — “pressure receptacle” has replaced “gas cylinder or cylinder
bundle” and Note 2 to entry has been deleted.]3.9
valve burst test pressure
vbt
minimum pressure applied to a valve during hydraulic burst pressure test
[SOURCE: ISO 10297:2014, 3.7, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.10
valve test pressure
minimum pressure applied to a valve during testing
[SOURCE: ISO 10297:2014, 3.8, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.11
lowest operating pressure
lowest settled pressure of the gas(es) for which the ball valve (3.1) is designed
3.12endurance torque
torque used during the endurance test
Note 1 to entry: The endurance torque is expressed in Nm.
[SOURCE: ISO 10297:2014, 3.11, modified — “torque used” has replaced “closing torque applied”.]
3.13over torque
torque applied to the valve operating device (3.4) in opening and closing direction which the valve
operating mechanism (3.3) and/or stop mechanism (3.5) can tolerate and remain operable
Note 1 to entry: The over torque is expressed in Nm.[SOURCE: ISO 10297:2014, 3.12, modified — “torque” has replaced “opening or closing torque (whichever
is the lower value)”, “in opening and closing direction” has replaced “to determine the level of torque”
and “and/or stop mechanism” has been added.]© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 3
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ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
3.14
failure torque
opening or closing torque (whichever is the lower value) applied to the valve operating device (3.4) at
which mechanical failure occursNote 1 to entry: The failure torque is expressed in Nm.
[SOURCE: ISO 10297:2014, 3.13, modified — “at which mechanical failure occurs” has replaced “to
obtain mechanical failure of the valve operating mechanism and/or valve operating device”.]
3.15valve inlet connection
connection on the valve which connects the valve to the pressure receptacle
[SOURCE: ISO 10297:2014, 3.16, modified — “pressure receptacle” has replaced “cylinder(s)”.]
3.16valve outlet connection
connection on the valve used to discharge the pressure receptacle
Note 1 to entry: For most valves, this connection is also used for filling.
[SOURCE: ISO 10297:2014, 3.17, modified — “pressure receptacle” has replaced “cylinder(s)”.]
3.17valve filling connection
connection on the valve used to fill the pressure receptacle
Note 1 to entry: The valve filling connection can be different from the valve outlet connection (3.16).
[SOURCE: ISO 10297:2014, 3.18, modified — “pressure receptacle” has replaced “cylinder(s)”.]
4 Valve description4.1 A ball valve (see Figure 1) typically comprises:
a) valve body;
b) valve operating mechanism;
c) valve operating device;
d) stop mechanism;
e) means to ensure internal leak tightness;
f) means to ensure external leak tightness;
g) valve outlet connection(s);
h) valve inlet connection.
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ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
Key
1 stop pin 6 stem sealing
2 valve body 7 seat
3 valve connection (inlet/outlet) 8 ball
4 handle/lever 9 stop plate
5 stem
NOTE Stop plate and handle/lever can be combined in one component.
Figure 1 — Example of a ball valve design
4.2 Ball valves can also include:
a) pressurerelief device;
NOTE 1 The relevant transport regulation can require or forbid pressure relief devices for some gases,
gas mixtures or gas groups. Additional requirements for pressure-relief devices can exist in international/
regional regulations/standards.b) dip tube;
c) connection plug/cap;
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ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
d) excess flow device;
e) non-return valve on the valve filling connection;
f) residual pressure device with or without nonreturn function;
NOTE 2 Requirements for residual pressure devices are given in ISO 15996.
g) pressure regulating device;
NOTE 3 Requirements for pressure regulating devices are given in ISO 22435 for industrial applications
and in ISO 105243 for medical applications.h) separate valve filling connection;
i) flow restricting orifice;
j) filter(s).
Not all of these components have test requirements detailed in this document.
4.3 There are typically two ball valve types:
a) floating ball type (see Figure 2);
b) trunnion type (see Figure 3).
The valve designs shown in Figures 2 and 3 are given as typical examples only.
Figure 2 — Floating ball type design
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ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
Figure 3 — Trunnion type design
5 Valve design requirements
5.1 General
Valves shall operate within specification and be leak tight over a range of service temperatures, from at
least −20 °C to +65 °C in indoor and outdoor environments.When fitted, closed valves shall be internally leak tight during transport and storage (see test 6 in
Table 3) for temperatures down to −40 °C.Additional testing at higher or lower service temperatures is contingent on specific agreements
between the manufacturer and the purchaser.Ball valves used in liquefied gas service shall incorporate a cavity relief system (e.g. a vent through the
ball) to prevent trapping of the gas within the ball cavity in the closed condition.
For ball valves with multiple ports, the requirements according to 5.3 and 5.7 (internal leakage only)
shall be fulfilled for each port.For ball valves where anti-static and fire safe behaviour is of importance, examples of respective
requirements are given in ISO 10497 and in EN 12266-2:2012, Annex B.5.2 Materials
Metallic and non-metallic materials in contact with the gas shall be chemically and physically compatible
with the gas, in accordance with ISO 111141 and ISO 111142 under all intended operating conditions.
The compatibility of the lubricant(s) and glue(s), if used in gas wetted areas, shall also be considered.
For valves used for dissolved gases, the compatibility of the materials in contact with the solvent shall
also be considered.For valves used with gas mixtures, the compatibility of the gas wetted materials with each component
of the gas mixture shall be considered.© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 7
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ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
When using plated or coated components in gas wetted areas, the material compatibility of both
the plating/coating material and the substrate material shall be taken into account. In addition,
consideration should be given to avoid separation of the surface coating or particle generation.
The material used for the valve body shall be either:a) a material not showing a ductile to brittle transition (examples of such materials are copper alloys,
austenitic stainless steels, aluminium alloys and nickel alloys); orb) a ferritic material (e.g. carbon steel) having an impact value greater than 27 J at −40 °C when
submitted to the Charpy pendulum impact test as specified in ISO 148-1.5.3 Valve connections
Valve inlet and outlet connections shall conform to:
— an International Standard; or
— regional or national standards; or
— proprietary designs that have been qualified to an acceptable industry standard.
NOTE 1 Valve inlet connection standards are, for example, ISO 11363-1, ISO 15245-1, ISO 228-1, ISO 6162-1,
ISO 61622, ISO 119261 and ANSI/ASME B1.20.1.NOTE 2 Valve outlet connection standards are, for example, ISO 5145, ISO 10692-1, ISO 228–1, ISO 6162-1,
ISO 61622, ISO 119261 and ANSI/ASME B1.20.1. A partial compilation of regional and national standards is
given in ISO/TR 7470.NOTE 3 Qualification procedures for proprietary valve inlet connection designs are, for example, given in
ISO 106922.NOTE 4 Qualification procedures for proprietary valve outlet connection designs are, for example, given in
CGA V1.If the valve filling connection is separate to the valve outlet connection and not equipped with a closure
device (nonreturn valve or isolating valve), it shall be provided with a pressuretight device (e.g. a plug
or cap which can be operated or removed only by the use of a special proprietary tool provided by
the manufacturer). Where applicable, such a pressuretight device shall be designed to vent gas before
becoming disengaged.The valve filling connection closure device, if fitted, shall conform to the relevant endurance and
subsequent leakage requirements of ISO 22435 for industrial applications or ISO 10524-3 for medical
applications.5.4 Mechanical strength
5.4.1 Resistance to hydraulic burst pressure
Valves shall withstand valve burst test pressure p (see 6.6.1) without permanent visible deformation
vbtor burst (rupture).
The hydraulic burst pressure test is given in 6.9.
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ISO/FDIS 23826:2021(E)
5.4.2 Resistance to mechanical impact
This document does not include a test to validate that the valve is inherently able to withstand damage
from impact without release of the contents.NOTE Applicable transport regulations normally specify a variety of acceptable means to maintain the
integrity of the pressure receptacle. For example, main valves used in cylinder bundles in accordance with
ISO 10961 are protected by the frame.5.5 Valve operating mechanism
5.5.1 It shall be possible to open and close the valve at pressures up to valve test pressure p (see
6.6.2) without using any additional equipment not recommended by the manufacturer. This shall be
verified during t...
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